Composite insulation material with water-repellent, pressure-resistant drainage structure

Abstract

Composite material (10) for realizing thermal and / or acoustic insulation in vehicles, buildings or systems, comprising an overall planar, plate-like basic shape, comprising at least one insulation material (2) and at least one functional layer connected to the insulation material (2) in the form of a drainage structure (1), which serves to be placed on a floor (8), wall or ceiling of the object to be insulated, wherein the insulation material (2) comprises either a nonwoven material based in particular on PET, PP, cotton or a mixture thereof or a soft foam based in particular on melamine or polyolefin, characterized in that the drainage structure (1) has a dimpled sheet (3) with dimples (4) flattened towards the bearing side (7) of the composite material (10), which is connected to the insulation material (2).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a composite material for realizing thermal and / or acoustic insulation in vehicles, buildings or systems with an overall planar, plate-like basic shape and wherein it comprises at least one insulation material and a functional layer connected to the insulation material in the form of a drainage structure.

[0002] The drainage system or spacer layers serve to keep the insulation material at a certain distance from the floor, wall, or ceiling on the side of the composite material facing the floor, wall, or ceiling. This prevents moisture or standing water from penetrating the insulation material, such as a fleece material or a foam material based on malamine resin or polyolefin, that may accumulate inside the vehicle. If moisture or dampness reaches the insulation material itself, its insulating effect is significantly reduced, and the effectiveness of the thermal or acoustic insulation is diminished or even permanently lost.For this purpose, prior art has already proposed composite materials for use as sound or heat insulation materials with an additional functional layer in the form of a drainage structure or spacer fabric, which prevents the insulation material from absorbing moisture during application. This moisture or standing water inevitably arises from the temperature differences between the outside and inside of the vehicle or building, and vice versa, due to the dew point being reached.

[0003] In some applications, such as in rail vehicles, the enclosed design of these vehicles can lead to the accumulation of significant amounts of water, which then flows from the ceilings and side walls towards the floor. When the insulation material, whether a fleece, melamine foam resin, or polyolefin, becomes damp and absorbs the accumulated water, its insulating properties are severely impaired. This necessitates considerably more heating or cooling in the train. Consequently, the overall energy demand for heating and cooling these vehicles is increased, negatively impacting their efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0004] To prevent moisture, water, or humidity from penetrating the insulation material of such composite materials in these applications, various solutions have been proposed in the prior art, which are largely satisfactory but have certain disadvantages: In utility model DE 20 2019 100 429, for example, a spacer fabric consisting of plastic filaments was attached to the insulation material, which in this case is melamine resin foam, and is firmly bonded to the insulation material. However, in certain situations, water can still penetrate the insulation material of the composite through the plastic filament spacer fabric.Another similar composite material according to DE 10 2019 125 953 A1 also features a drainage structure made of such tangled plastic monofilaments, which are firmly attached to the insulating material via point fixings and are additionally provided on the outer surface facing the floor or wall with an abrasion-resistant agent in the form of either a layer or a flattened outer shape of the pointed filaments. This composite material has also proven effective in practice; however, it does not prevent water from penetrating the nonwoven material or the melamine resin or polyolefin foam in certain situations and is also not very pressure-resistant.

[0005] Against this background, the object of the present invention is to propose a composite material for realizing thermal and / or acoustic insulation in vehicles, buildings or plants with a drainage structure for the bearing side, with improved water repellency and drainage from the insulating material and higher structural stability for use in certain areas with higher requirements in this respect.

[0006] This problem is solved with a composite material having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0007] According to the invention, a composite material for realizing thermal and / or acoustic insulation or other insulation purposes in vehicles, buildings or systems is proposed, with an overall planar, plate-like basic shape, which comprises at least one insulating material and at least one functional layer connected to the insulating material in the form of a drainage structure, which drainage structure serves to be placed on a floor, wall or ceiling of the object to be insulated, wherein the insulating material comprises either a nonwoven material based on, in particular, PET, PP, cotton or a mixture thereof or a soft foam based on, in particular, melamine or polyolefin, wherein the composite material is characterized in that the drainage structure has a dimpled sheet with dimples flattened towards the bearing surface of the composite material, which is connected to the insulating material.The contact side, i.e., the side on which the composite material is laid flat and mounted to a vehicle floor, wall, or ceiling during installation, is thus provided with a special drainage structure or spacer layer. This layer is further optimized to prevent moisture and water from penetrating the insulation material itself. Specifically, it is a drainage structure in the form of a dimpled sheet with numerous flattened dimples. In this context, a dimpled sheet or mat is understood to be a flat structure with a base layer from which a multitude of dimples protrude on one side in a distributed arrangement with spaces between them.

[0008] The dimpled membrane offers, firstly, a preferably completely waterproof seal for the insulation material, such as nonwoven fabric, and secondly, an optimized drainage function. Water accumulating in the floor area, for example, cannot penetrate the insulation material or even reach it. Unlike the spacer layers known in the prior art, which are formed from randomly connected plastic filaments, the dimpled membrane according to the invention simultaneously provides stable protection against a certain distance from the contact surface, sealing it against water and moisture. Nevertheless, the dimpled membrane allows any accumulating water to drain quickly laterally due to the spaces between the flattened dimples.Direct contact with the wall or floor surface of the insulation material is thus effectively prevented, while still providing a secure support and a structurally more stable and pressure-resistant form of a composite material in this shape.

[0009] According to the invention, the drainage structure, in the form of a dimpled sheet, is preferably firmly bonded to the insulation material. A connection to the fleece or foam can be achieved in any possible way, but in this case, it is preferably carried out via a lamination or bonding process with adhesive. A permanent, firm bond between the drainage structure made of dimpled sheet and the elastic and permeable insulation material is also advantageous because it results in higher overall strength, such as compressive strength and flexural rigidity, which facilitates the processing and installation of such composite panels in vehicles. With the composite material according to the invention, even large areas of vehicles can be effectively and reliably insulated over the long term. Damage caused by water ingress is completely prevented.The individual panels made of such a composite material can also be easily cut to size for the specific structural environments of each application. In connection with the present invention, a dimpled sheet or dimpled mat is understood to be any film or sheet material forming a completely continuous surface with a plurality of dimples, i.e., individual projections or protrusions, pointing outwards towards the contact surface on the floor or wall. According to the invention, these projections or dimples of the dimpled mat are flattened at their free ends, so that they provide secure contact with the floor and support against the wall, even with large gaps important for drainage, and do not have any protruding points that could cause damage if the mat slips or shifts during vehicle operation.

[0010] The composite material according to the invention solves seemingly contradictory technical requirements in a novel composite material, leading to significant technical advantages in the aforementioned applications: The insulation material, which is reliably protected against moisture in the long term, ensures effective thermal and acoustic insulation without any changes in its properties. The dimpled membrane, with its individually distributed, protruding, and flattened ends, provides a defined, large gap between the floor and walls and the insulating material of the composite, effectively preventing standing water or accumulating condensation from penetrating the insulating material.The dimpled membrane also provides a type of vapor barrier, eliminating the need for additional layers such as foils between the drainage system and the insulation material, as is the case with drainage systems made of plastic filaments. Furthermore, the dimpled membrane of the composite material offers improved load-bearing capacity, particularly under pressure, as the composite material exhibits higher structural stability than previous composite materials of this type based on nonwovens or foams. The insulation panels produced with this composite material are therefore inherently very stable in terms of flexural strength and also possess higher compressive strength against external forces.

[0011] According to an advantageous embodiment of the composite material according to the invention, a second functional layer in the form of an aluminum sheet or aluminum foil made of an aluminum material or material mix is ​​provided on the side of the insulation material opposite the dimpled membrane or drainage structure. Such an aluminum foil increases the tear resistance and further improves the mechanical stability in conjunction with the drainage structure, which is implemented as a dimpled membrane, on the opposite side of the insulation material. A compact and structurally stable form of a composite material with at least three layers is thus provided according to the invention. Furthermore, the aluminum foil or aluminum sheet further improves the fire resistance required in some applications for fire protection regulations, so that even high fire protection classes can be achieved with the material of the composite material according to the invention.The mechanical stability, and in particular the flexural rigidity and buckling strength, of the panels made from this composite material is also very good, facilitating the processing, insertion, and installation of such insulation panels with the composite material according to the invention. The aluminum foil or aluminum layer can also be attached to the insulation material by means of an adhesive, an adhesive film, or an adhesive layer, or be firmly bonded to the insulation material in another way, such as by heat lamination. The aluminum foil can be an embossed or unembossed smooth foil or layer, with the embossed foil ensuring even improved handling and strength.The additional functional layer in the form of aluminum foil further prevents foreign substances from penetrating the insulation material from the inside, so that it is essentially sandwiched and protected on both sides: the dimpled membrane on the floor or wall and the aluminum foil on the other. Moreover, such aluminum foil offers further acoustic and thermal properties and advantages that can be used to advantage, such as enhanced heat reflection or targeted shielding of heat radiation. The aluminum foil itself also provides a vapor barrier, eliminating the need for an additional layer or plastic film within the composite material according to the invention.

[0012] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dimpled drainage layer is laminated to the insulation material under pressure using an adhesive, in particular an adhesive film or a spray or hot-melt adhesive. A lamination device can, for example, be used to bond the adhesive, the dimpled drainage layer, and the insulation material. The lamination has the advantage that the sheet-like elements of the drainage layer, which is designed as a dimpled mat or dimpled sheet, can be firmly bonded to the insulation material, which is also in strip form, in a continuous manufacturing process. Applying a certain pressure (optional) is achieved by rollers to bring the dimpled drainage layer together with the insulation material and the adhesive, glue, or adhesive film between them, and to adhere to the insulation material.If necessary, other methods of bonding between the dimpled membrane and the insulating material can also be used according to the invention, for example thermally activatable adhesives, heat application together with pressure application or for melting the nonwoven material, etc.

[0013] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the studs have a conical shape with flattened ends, i.e., towards the bearing surface of the composite material on the floor, wall, or ceiling. Such a conical or, preferably, frustoconical shape of the studs has the advantage that the individual studs themselves provide a certain bearing surface, which together ensures a flat and precisely spaced contact of the composite material with the floor or wall. The frustoconical or conical shape also has the advantage that the studs have even greater compressive strength, even if they are relatively small in size and diameter compared to the total surface area of ​​the composite material.

[0014] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dimpled sheet, intended as a drainage structure within the composite material, is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with downwardly open dimples, i.e., open dimples facing away from the bearing surface of the composite material. The use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has the advantage of providing inherently increased compressive strength and mechanical strength to the individual dimples. The downwardly open shape of the dimples, i.e., their lower ends are open in the opposite direction to the flattened upper end of the dimples in a "cup shape," simplifies the production of the dimpled sheet or mat. It can be produced continuously in a single pressure forming process, and there is no need to create closed dimples during the manufacturing process, although these are also possible within the scope of the invention.Last but not least, this downward-facing open dimple design offers the advantage of minimizing the weight of the composite material. The dimpled membrane is thus completely waterproof and provides highly effective protection against moisture or foreign substances that might penetrate the insulation material. Load-bearing capacity is also improved. According to the invention, recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can preferably be used, which further enhances the overall environmental compatibility of the composite material.

[0015] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dimpled membrane is waterproof. The membrane has no perforations, penetrations, or holes, etc., thus providing complete protection against any water or moisture that may penetrate due to precipitation and dew point differences during application in the vehicle. A waterproof form is achieved when the dimpled membrane is manufactured from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), provided that no holes or penetrations are created in the material during manufacturing. However, the latter is also possible within the scope of the invention and is not excluded.

[0016] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the studs of the studded sheet of the spacer fabric are spaced further apart in a first direction X than in a second direction Y perpendicular to it, preferably at least twice as far apart. That is, the individual studs on the studded sheet according to the invention are not spaced uniformly apart in every direction X, Y, or transverse and longitudinal directions. Rather, the spacing in a first direction X is significantly larger, preferably at least twice as large, as in a second direction Y perpendicular to it. This allows the composite materials according to the invention to be used specifically in the longitudinal or transverse direction, depending on in which direction a greater flow capacity for the accumulating water is desired.The different spacing of the studs in one direction X compared to a second direction Y also has the advantage that the flexibility of the overall structure of such composite panels according to the invention is greater in one direction than in the other. For example, the spacing in the first direction can be twice as large, for instance approximately 3 cm in the first direction X, compared to a smaller spacing of 1.5 cm in the second direction Y, which is perpendicular to it. Other values ​​for stud spacing are also within the scope of the invention, as long as the spacing between the studs differs in one direction from that in a second direction perpendicular to it.

[0017] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the insulating material has at least twice the thickness in the unloaded state of the nonwoven or foam compared to the dimpled membrane serving as a drainage structure. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the thickness of the dimpled membrane relative to the insulating material can be one-tenth, meaning the insulating material is preferably ten times or more thicker than the dimpled membrane itself. This provides a relatively thick insulating material that is effectively sealed and protected against water on the bottom side by a comparatively thin drainage structure. Unlike drainage structures made of filaments, the thickness of such dimpled membranes can be reduced to a minimum due to their structural differences and, preferably, their complete watertightness.This also offers technical advantages for installation situations, including improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties with a smaller overall volume of insulation. In confined spaces, such as train compartments, this is often a decisive factor in choosing this insulation material.

[0018] Further advantages, features, and aspects of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective view from below (support side) of an embodiment of a composite material according to the invention to illustrate the dimpled membrane attached to the insulation material; Fig. 2 a side view of an embodiment of a composite material according to the invention to illustrate the structure of the different layers with a dimpled sheet as a drainage structure and a second functional layer in the form of aluminum foil; Fig. 3 a top view from below (support side) of a further embodiment according to the invention of a composite material with division and different distances between the studs in different directions

[0019] The drawings show Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 each in a perspective view from below and a side view a first embodiment of a composite material 10 according to the invention in the form of a plate element and in Fig. Figure 3 shows a top view of a further embodiment of a composite material 10 according to the invention with a studded sheet 3, in which the distances a1, a2 between the studs 4 are varied in the longitudinal direction X and transverse direction Y.

[0020] The composite material 10 according to the invention essentially comprises two components: firstly, an insulating material 2, which is used for thermal and / or acoustic insulation in rooms of buildings, vehicles, etc., and secondly, a drainage structure 1, which, according to the invention, is specifically provided as a dimpled sheet 3 with a plurality of dimples 4 distributed across the dimpled sheet 3 and flattened towards the contact surface 7 of the composite material 10. In the composite material 10 according to the invention, the drainage structure 1 serves to prevent the penetration and contact of the insulating material 2 with moisture, dampness, or water, which can occur when the composite material 10 is used as a sheet material, for example, in a train compartment of a rail vehicle for the purpose of thermal and acoustic insulation of the interior.For this purpose, the composite material 10 is installed in the form of panels cut to size according to the application, with its bearing side 7 on a floor 8, a wall or ceiling inside the rooms to be insulated, as for example in the case of floor insulation in . Fig. 2 illustrated.

[0021] The insulating material 2 or the insulating layer with insulating materials and layers is provided in the composite material 10 according to the invention either in the form of a nonwoven material based on, for example, PET, PP, organic materials such as cotton or a mixture thereof, or on a mineral-glass fiber basis, or alternatively, the insulating material 2 can also be provided in the form of a melamine foam as an example of a flexible foam or a flexible foam based on polyolefin. For the purposes of acoustic or thermal insulation sealing, the insulating materials of the insulating material 2 are largely open-pored or completely permeable, as in the case of a nonwoven material, so-called bulk nonwoven, making them susceptible to the penetration of water and moisture.With the drainage structure 1, which according to the invention is firmly attached to the insulation material 1 of the composite material 10 as a dimpled sheet 3, such impairment of the insulating effect due to penetrating water, wetness or moisture is effectively prevented or at least reduced.

[0022] According to the invention, a firmly bonded drainage structure 1 in the form of a dimpled sheet 3 with a plurality of individual dimples 4 distributed on it is attached to the composite material 10 with the insulating material 2, and the dimples 4 have a flattened shape 4.3 towards the bearing surface 7 of the composite material 10 when installed. That is, towards the free end 4.1, the dimples 4 have a flattening 4.3 according to the invention, so that they form a flattened, albeit point-like, bearing surface of the composite material 10 on the bearing surface 7.There are gaps between the dimples 4, allowing waterlogging or residual moisture from the interior of the building due to temperature differences between outside and inside during heating in winter or cooling in summer to drain away safely. This effectively prevents moisture from penetrating towards the insulation material 2, as the dimpled membrane 3 forms a spacer layer or drainage structure 1 and an effective barrier against moisture and water.

[0023] The drainage structure 1 in the form of the dimpled sheet 3 with a plurality of distributed dimples 4, each spaced apart from one another, is in the inventive example of a composite material 10 according to Fig. 1 and Fig. The insulation material 2 is firmly bonded to the insulation material 2 via an adhesive 6. This bonding can be achieved, for example, by applying an adhesive film or adhesive (spray adhesive) to the underside of the dimpled membrane 3 or to the insulation material 2. Subsequently, the different material layers, namely the insulation material 2 and the dimpled membrane 3 or dimpled mat, are brought into contact with each other under light pressure using rollers and firmly bonded together by means of the interposed adhesive 6. The bonding or lamination between the different layers, namely the insulation material 2, the dimpled membrane 3, and the adhesive 6 or the adhesive layer or adhesive film, can preferably be achieved by rolling with light pressure.Alternatively or additionally, thermal heating can also be incorporated into this process, so that, for example, the adhesive is activated by the application of heat. Other forms of connection between the dimpled sheets 3 and the insulating material 2 of the composite material 10, which are known to the average person in the field, can also be used.

[0024] The material used for the dimpled membrane 3, which serves the drainage structure 1 to create a defined distance between the support surface 7 and the ground 8 during the application and use of the composite materials 10 according to the invention, is in particular high-density polyethylene (HDPE), preferably made from recycled materials. This provides a highly stable structure and strength for good compressive and flexural rigidity of the composite material 10 via the added dimpled membrane 3. Furthermore, a reliable seal, acting as a vapor barrier, is provided by the material of the dimpled membrane 3. The insulation materials 2, whether a fleece based on plastics such as PET or an organic natural material, or the soft foam made of melamine foam resin, are also additionally stiffened by the dimpled membrane 3 due to the bond between the drainage structure 1 and the adhesive 6.The structure of the composite material 10 is therefore already significantly improved in its inherent stability and structural strength compared to conventional materials of this type.

[0025] According to the in the Fig. 1 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, an optional further layer in the form of an aluminum foil 5 or aluminum layer is present on the inner side 9 of a composite material 10, i.e., opposite the bearing side 7 of the insulation material 2 which serves to rest on a base 8. As shown in Figure 2, this further technical functional layer is present in the form of an aluminum foil 5 or aluminum layer. Fig. As can be clearly seen in Figure 2, the aluminum foil 5 is attached to the inner side 9 of the composite material 10, opposite the contact side 7, to the insulation material 2, for example, also via an adhesive bond. The purpose of the aluminum layer 5 is twofold: firstly, to increase the fire resistance of the composite material 10; and secondly, to form a vapor barrier to further prevent the ingress of moisture or foreign substances from the interior of the passenger compartment of a train or similar vehicle being insulated. Furthermore, the aluminum foil 5 provides additional thermal optimization of the composite material 10, as the aluminum radiates heat and further prevents heat transfer. Thus, targeted thermal effects can also be achieved with the composite material 10 according to the invention with the additional functional layer of an aluminum foil 5.In this embodiment, the aluminum foil 5 is present as an embossed aluminum layer 5, although it can alternatively be applied unembossed – i.e., as a smooth foil – to the insulation material 2. The aluminum foil 5 also provides further technical advantages of the composite material 10 in its application for insulation purposes, particularly with regard to thermal and acoustic properties: The tensile strength of the entire composite material 10 is further improved, and greater mechanical stability of the overall structure of the composite material 10 is achieved, resulting in higher buckling resistance or flexural stiffness. Furthermore, as mentioned, the fire resistance is improved, so that the composite material 10 can also be advantageously used according to the invention for applications with stringent fire regulations in critical environments.

[0026] The drainage structure 1, used as a dimpled membrane 3 according to the invention, further has the advantage that an effective drainage function for discharging standing water or water on the floor side or bearing side 7 is enabled with a relatively small thickness d2: Unlike drainage structures formed from filaments, the dimpled membrane 3 allows for effective water drainage even with a small thickness d2, and the overall thickness of the composite material 10 is therefore relatively small even with high thermal and acoustic insulation properties, i.e., thick insulation materials 2. The thickness ratios according to the composite material 10 according to the invention with respect to the insulation material 2 and the dimpled membrane 3 as the drainage structure 1 are preferably in a ratio of 1:10 or at least 1:5. For example, if the insulation material 2 has a thickness d1 of 8 cm to 10 cm, the dimpled membrane would have a thickness d2 of 8 mm to 10 mm in a ratio of 1:10.The thickness ratio of the thickness of the insulating material 2 from the thickness d1 to d2 is therefore relatively large in relation to other such composite materials known in the prior art.

[0027] According to the in the Fig. 1 and Fig. In the first embodiment shown in Figure 2, the dimples 4 of the dimpled sheet 3 are present as drainage elements 1 in a conically tapered shape, i.e., they are frustoconical in shape and have a tapered cross-section towards the free end 4.1, i.e., the end facing the ground 8 or the support surface 7. This tapered end face 4.1 has a diameter b2 smaller than the diameter b1 of the bottom-facing ends 4.2 of the sheet surface 3. Thus, flattening 4.3 is provided at the free ends 4.1 of the dimples 4, and in this embodiment, the dimples 4 are open downwards on the opposite side. This means that the sheet or dimpled sheet 3 can be produced from the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) used here by a relatively simple forming process using embossing.

[0028] From the Fig. Figure 3 shows a top view of an embodiment of the composite material 10 according to the invention, shown here from the side of the studded sheet 3, i.e., the support side 7. In this embodiment, the distances a1, a2 between the studs 4 of the studded sheet 3 are different in the longitudinal direction X and the transverse direction Y, which is perpendicular to it, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. Fig. 1 and Fig.3 marked. The distance a1 in the longitudinal direction X is greater than the distance a2 in the transverse direction Y. The studs 4 are therefore not uniformly spaced from each other in every direction, but have a smaller distance in the transverse direction Y than in the longitudinal direction X. Preferably, the ratio of these distances a1 to a2 is in a range of 2:1, i.e., if, for example, the distance a1 is approximately 3 cm, the distance a2 in the transverse direction Y is approximately 1.5 cm. Other ratios may also be provided within the scope of the invention as described in the claims. With such a measure, the stiffness of the composite material 10 in the longitudinal direction X is specifically changed relative to the transverse direction Y, so that the material exhibits different stabilities and inherent stiffnesses in these directions X and Y.Secondly, this allows for good drainage of water in specified directions from the standing water through the drainage structure 1, since the distances in the longitudinal direction X with dimension a1 are larger than those in the transverse direction with a2. Thus, depending on the application, the composite material 10 can be installed in place in either the transverse or longitudinal direction, offering further technical advantages in preventing the impairment of the insulating effect by standing water and water penetrating towards the insulating material 2.

[0029] The composite material 10 according to the invention, with the described properties, offers several combined advantages with regard to the various layers, which harmonize different, previously partially contradictory technical properties in the new composite material 10: The aluminum foil 5 increases the tear resistance and improves the mechanical stability and is also of considerable advantage with regard to the fire resistance properties. Furthermore, it can be used for targeted heat reflection, so that the composite material 10 also achieves thermal advantages in certain applications compared to other such insulating materials. It also prevents the penetration of foreign substances and the penetration of moisture from the inside, which effectively prevents mold growth, as it essentially forms a vapor barrier to the interior.The new dimpled membrane also offers significant technical advantages on the bearing surface 7 or outer side on the floor 8, a wall, or the ceiling of an interior space where such insulation is made with the composite material 10 according to the invention. It is laminated to the insulation material 2 in a relatively cost-effective manner, for example, by means of an adhesive 6, an adhesive film, or other bonding methods. The dimples 4 prevent direct contact with the wall or floor surfaces, so that, due to the relatively large distances between the protruding dimples 4, which are provided with flattened surfaces 4, 3, effective water drainage can occur. Last but not least, the dimpled membrane 3 according to the invention, as a drainage structure 1, offers complete and reliable protection against contact with condensation or moisture from the floor or wall. The insulation material, such as...A melamine foam resin or a non-woven fabric provides effective and reliable long-term protection against penetrating moisture, water, and the like.

[0030] Finally, the combination of the three layers mentioned – namely the insulation material 2, which is rather soft and flexible, the dimpled membrane 3, and the aluminum foil 5 – provides high stability to the composite material 10. High stability due to the relatively stiff dimpled membrane 3, as well as high compressive strength, also increases the material's impact resistance and is achieved in the composite material 10 due to the composition of the aforementioned layers. Overall, this results in high structural stability for the composite material 10. Reference symbol list 1 drainage structure 2 Insulation material 3 studded strip 4 studs 4.1 tapered end side stud 4.2 bottom end stud (bottom side stud 4) 4.3 Flattening 5 Aluminum foil or aluminum layer 6 Adhesive 7th edition page 8 Floor 9 Inside or top side composite material 10 Composite material a1 Stud spacing in longitudinal direction X a2 stud spacing in transverse direction Y b1 Diameter of the stud base or bottom end 4.2 b2 Diameter of studded surface or flattening 4.3 d1 Thickness of insulation layer d2 Thickness of the studded sheet or stud height X first direction or longitudinal direction Y second direction or transverse direction QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 20 2019 100 429

[0004] DE 10 2019 125 953 A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Composite material (10) for realizing thermal and / or acoustic insulation in vehicles, buildings or installations with an overall planar, plate-like basic shape comprising at least one insulation material (2) and at least one functional layer connected to the insulation material (2) in the form of a drainage structure (1), which serves to be placed on a floor (8), wall or ceiling of the object to be insulated, wherein the insulation material (2) comprises either a nonwoven material based in particular on PET, PP, cotton or a mixture thereof or a flexible foam based in particular on melamine or polyolefin, characterized by , that the drainage structure (1) has a dimpled sheet (3) with dimples (4) flattened towards the bearing side (7) of the composite material (10), which is connected to the insulation material (2). [2] Composite material (10) according to claim 1, characterized by, that on the side of the insulation material (2) opposite the dimpled membrane (3) a second functional layer in the form of an aluminum layer or aluminum foil (5) made of an aluminum material or material mix is ​​provided. [3] Composite material (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the dimpled membrane (3) is laminated to the insulating material (2) under pressure by means of adhesive (6), in particular by means of an adhesive film or a spray adhesive. [4] Composite material (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the knobs (4) have a conical shape with flattening (4.3) on the tapered end side (4.1). [5] Composite material (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the dimpled sheet (3) is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with downward-facing dimples (4). [6] Composite material (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the dimpled membrane (3) is waterproof [7] Composite material (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the studs (3) of the studded track (4) have a greater distance between them in a first direction X than in a second direction Y perpendicular to it, preferably at least twice as much distance between them. [8] Composite material (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the insulating material (2) has a thickness at least twice that of the dimpled sheet (4) serving as a drainage structure (1), in particular a thickness ten times greater.

Images