CERAMIC RESONATOR FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBER SYSTEMS AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to combustion chambers, in particular combustion chamber systems of turbines, especially gas turbines, with a resonator, in particular a Helmholtz resonator. WO2018 / 021996 describes a combustion chamber system comprising a resonator housing.

[0002] Tube combustion chamber systems for stationary gas turbines generally consist of one or more axially connected combustion chamber components between the burner outlet and the turbine inlet. For example, the tube combustion chamber types from Siemens AG feature a "basket" and "transition" system. This system directs the combustion gases from the burner towards the turbine inlet. Due to the high combustion temperatures, the tube combustion chamber components are typically based on thin-walled nickel-based materials with internal cooling channels and a layered thermal insulation system (ceramic + metallic bonding layer).

[0003] Within or behind the flame zone, the tubular combustion chamber systems incorporate extensively arranged resonators to reduce acoustic combustion vibrations. The resonator area limits the service life of the respective component ("basket" or "transition"). Manufacturing the resonators is complex and expensive.

[0004] The resonator area has relatively large cooling air surfaces and is intensively cooled or permeated by airflow. Therefore, the cooling air requirement is relatively high in relation to the entire tube combustion chamber system.

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to solve the aforementioned problem.

[0006] The problem is solved by a combustion chamber system according to claim 1.

[0007] The dependent claims list further advantageous measures which can be combined arbitrarily to achieve further advantages.

[0008] The figures and description represent only exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0009] They show Figure 1 shows a ceramic resonator, Figure 2 a cross-section according to Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 a cross-section of the ceramic resonator in the installed state of a combustion chamber system.

[0010] The ceramic resonator according to the Helmholtz principle replaces a metallic welded construction of a resonator system of a tubular combustion chamber.

[0011] The ceramic resonator 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 1 ) is a ceramic component that is ring-shaped (oval, circular) or as a single ring, segmented or as a segmented ring, with internal cavities 16', 16", ... ( Fig.2 ) is trained.

[0012] These cavities 16', 16", ... are open towards the inner surface 7, the hot gas side, to allow damping according to the Helmholtz principle.

[0013] Furthermore, it is possible to open the cavities 16', 16", ... also towards the cold gas side 4, should this be necessary.

[0014] The cavities 16', 16", ... must be adapted and designed in terms of size, shape, number, distribution and / or resonator necks to suit the frequency to be damped. Size, shape, number, distribution, and resonator necks can be varied within the ceramic resonator 1.

[0015] It is also possible, in particular, to design cavities with multiple openings towards the hot gas side.

[0016] Advantages: Reduction of manufacturing and life cycle costs through a cost-effectively manufactured ceramic resonator ring; reduced high-temperature requirements for the metallic support structure material; reduced repair / reconditioning effort due to the elimination of stripping and recoating; increased maintenance intervals by avoiding crack-inducing high temperature gradients in the metallic support structure; reduction of cooling air requirements compared to radially flowed metallic resonators; transferability to competitor tubular combustion chamber systems.

[0017] Figure 1 shows a ceramic resonator 1, which is preferably designed as a ring or annular with a circular or oval cross-section when viewed in the axial direction 10 (flow direction).

[0018] The ceramic resonator 1 can also be segmented, i.e., it can consist of two half-shells or several segments (each not shown).

[0019] The ceramic resonator 1 has an outer surface 4 (cold gas side) and an inner surface 7 (hot gas side), with openings 13, 13' on the inner surface 7 of resonator necks 14', ..., which project, in particular radially, into the ceramic resonator 1 and into cavities 16', 16'', ..., ( Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 ) lead to, are present.

[0020] The inner surface 7 limits a hot gas flow that flows through the ceramic resonator 1 in axial flow direction 10 and with respect to which the ceramic resonator 1 is preferably oriented concentrically.

[0021] To be recognized in Figure 2 in a section (parallel to the axial flow direction 10) according to Figure 1 are cavities 16', 16", ..., which are preferably spherical and / or oval, cuboid and / or cubic or have a curved surface and / or other angular and angular geometry.

[0022] The geometry of the cavities used 16', 16'', ... can be the same for each ceramic resonator 1, but can also be varied within the ceramic resonator 1.

[0023] Starting from this cavity 16', 16", ... there is in particular only one resonator neck 14', ..., which ends in an opening 13' on the inner surface 7 of the ceramic resonator 1.

[0024] There may also be multiple necks per cavity 16', 16", ... (not shown).

[0025] The cavities 16', 16", ... are preferably uniform, as in Figure 1, 2 The resonator necks are arranged as shown, or unevenly distributed (not shown), and preferably have the same or different geometries with respect to the diameter of the resonator necks 14', ..., the length of the resonator necks 14', ... and / or the shape of the cavity 16', 16". Other distributions, arranged uniformly from those shown in the figures, are possible.

[0026] Here in Figure 1, 2 The cavities 16', 16", ... are offset 12 times to each other in the circumferential direction and arranged uniformly.

[0027] The side surfaces 19', 19" of the ceramic resonator 1 are preferably conical and / or perpendicular to the inner 7 and outer surface 4 to facilitate installation in a combustion chamber system 20 or resonator housing 23 ( Fig. 3 to enable.

[0028] According to the invention, the ceramic resonator 1 is arranged in a corresponding recess 29 as part of a metallic support structure 29 of the resonator housing 23 for the ceramic resonator 1 of a combustion chamber system 20 ( Fig. 3 ). The axial flow direction 10 of the hot gas is shown again, whereas direction 26 represents the direction of the cooling air coming from the compressor in the opposite direction.

[0029] A refractory ceramic is preferably used for the resonator 1, preferably an Al 2 O 3 refractory ceramic.

[0030] The porosity of the ceramic resonator 1 is preferably ≥ 2 vol% and particularly ≤ 20 vol%.

[0031] The dimensions of an exemplary ceramic resonator 1 are preferably: inner diameter 400 mm, thickness 30...40 mm, length 200 mm.

Claims

1. Combustion chamber system (20), which has a resonator housing (23) and a ceramic resonator (1), wherein the resonator housing (23) has a corresponding receptacle (29) for the ceramic resonator (1), wherein the ceramic resonator (1) is of ring-shaped design when seen in the axial throughflow direction (10), having an, in particular circular or oval, cross section, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) is arranged in a corresponding protrusion (29) as part of a metallic supporting structure (29) of the resonator housing (23), wherein the ceramic resonator (1) has cavities (16', 16", ...) in the interior, wherein the cavities (16', 16", ...) have at least one, in particular only one, resonator neck (14', 14", ...) per cavity (16', 16", ...) as a connection to the inner surface (7) of the ceramic resonator (1).

2. Combustion chamber system according to Claim 1, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) is of one-piece construction.

3. Combustion chamber system according to Claim 1, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) consists of two or more segments.

4. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of Claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the at least one, in particular all, cavities (16', 16'', ...) is / are of spherical design.

5. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of Claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the at least one, in particular all, cavities (16', 16'', ...) is / are of oval design.

6. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the at least one, in particular all, cavities (16', 16'', ...) is / are of cuboidal design.

7. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the at least one, in particular all, cavities (16', 16'', ...) is / are of cube-shaped design.

8. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) has a plurality of cavities (16', 16'', ...) along an axial throughflow direction (10), and a plurality of cavities (16', 16", ...) in the radial circumferential direction (12).

9. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the cavities (16', 16", ...) are uniformly distributed in relation to the inner surface (7) of the resonator (1), at least in some region or regions, in particular completely, very particularly being offset from one another in the circumferential direction (12).

10. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), the cavities (16', 16'', ...) are nonuniformly distributed in relation to the inner surface (7), at least in some region or regions, in particular completely.

11. Combustion chamber system (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) consists only of ceramics, in particular in which a refractory ceramic is used as the ceramic, preferably an Al2O3 refractory ceramic.

12. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the porosity of the ceramic resonator (1) is ≥ 2 vol% and in particular ≤ 20 vol%.

13. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the ceramic resonator (1) is of rectangular or trapezoidal (19', 19'') design in cross section parallel in the axial throughflow direction (10).

14. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), there is only one resonator neck (14', 14'', ...) per cavity (16', 16'', ...).

15. Combustion chamber system according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein, in the ceramic resonator (1), there is a plurality of resonator necks (14', 14'', ...) per cavity (16', 16'', ...).