QUICK-SWITCHING ACTUATOR DEVICE

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to a fast-switching actuator device according to claim 1, an actuator according to claim 29 and a method according to claim 30.

[0002] Electromagnetic actuators, such as the fast-switching circuit breaker actuator from US Patent 5,756,952 A, are already known. However, the switching speeds of electromagnetic actuators are limited, especially at larger strokes.

[0003] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a generic device with advantageous properties with regard to switching speed and / or achievable stroke. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1, 29 and 30, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. Advantages of the invention

[0004] A preferably fast-switching actuator device, in particular a circuit breaker device, is proposed, comprising a mechanical clamping element, an armature element that can be pre-tensioned by the mechanical clamping element and which, driven by a relaxation of the mechanical clamping element, can be moved from at least a first end position to at least a second end position, a magnetic unit which is provided to hold the armature element in the first end position, preferably directly, by means of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic unit, and a reset unit which is provided to move the armature element back from at least the second end position to the first end position by means of a motor-driven reset element and thereby pre-tension the mechanical clamping element, in particular to pre-tension it compared to a state of the mechanical actuating element in the second end position.This advantageously allows for a particularly fast positioning movement (e.g., <6 ms) in at least one positioning direction, especially with a suitably large stroke (e.g., >7 mm). The design of the actuator device advantageously enables this fast positioning movement with the large stroke to be achieved in a particularly small installation space, especially in relation to the achievable stroke.

[0005] In particular, the actuator device forms at least a part, especially a subassembly, of an actuator with an armature element that is mechanically moved at least in one positioning direction. In particular, the actuator device forms at least a part, especially a subassembly, of a monostable actuator. In particular, the actuator device is designed as a monostable actuator device. Advantageously, the actuator device is intended for use in a circuit breaker (contactor), especially in a motor vehicle circuit breaker, preferably in a battery circuit breaker. For example, the actuator device can form a circuit breaker for a motor vehicle electrical system. The mechanical clamping element is designed, in particular, as a mechanical spring element, for example, as a compression spring, especially a coil compression spring, or the like.Furthermore, an "armature element" shall be understood to be a component which, during operation of the actuator device, is designed to exert a movement that determines the function of the actuator, for example, triggering the disconnection of an electrical circuit, in particular the tripping of a circuit breaker. In particular, the armature element is susceptible to influence by a spring force of the mechanical clamping element, and in particular, is movable. The armature element has a spring seat against which the mechanical clamping element is supported at one end. Preferably, the armature element is susceptible to influence by means of a magnetic signal, in particular a magnetic field. In particular, the movement of the armature element can be restricted by the magnetic field; preferably, the magnetic field prevents movement of the armature element at least temporarily.In particular, the anchor element is designed to perform a linear movement, preferably exclusively a linear movement. Specifically, when the anchor element is in the first end position, the mechanical clamping element is tensioned, preferably maximally tensioned (length-compressed), at least compared to the state of the mechanical clamping element when the anchor element is in the second end position. Specifically, when the anchor element is in the second end position, the mechanical clamping element is relaxed, at least compared to the state of the mechanical clamping element when the anchor element is in the first end position. Specifically, the mechanical clamping element is designed to drive the first positioning movement of the anchor element, at least predominantly or exclusively, by means of a spring force.

[0006] The term "intended" is understood to mean, in particular, specifically programmed, designed, and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function is understood to mean, in particular, that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.

[0007] In particular, the magnetic unit is designed to prevent movement of the clamping element depending on the generated magnetic field. Specifically, the magnetic unit is designed to generate a magnetic field that exerts a holding force on the armature element, acting against the spring force of the mechanical clamping element. Specifically, the magnetic unit does not generate a force that drives the positioning movements of the armature element. Specifically, the magnetic unit holds the armature element in the first end position indirectly, for example, by controlling the state or position of a locking or detent element that holds the armature element in the first end position, or preferably directly, for example, by a direct attractive interaction with a magnetically active part of the armature element.In particular, the return element is designed to mechanically push or press the armature element from the second end position to the first end position. Specifically, the return unit includes a motor drive, for example, an electric motor generating a rotational movement or an electric linear motor. Specifically, the motor-driven return element is connected to the motor drive via a type of gearbox to transmit the drive force.

[0008] Furthermore, it is proposed that a first positioning movement generated by the relaxation of the mechanical clamping element, in which at least the armature element moves from the first end position to the second end position, produces a stroke of at least 7 mm within a maximum of 6 ms. This advantageously allows for a particularly fast switching action with a particularly large stroke to be achieved by the actuator device. Preferably, the first positioning movement produces a stroke of at least 10 mm within a maximum of 4 ms.

[0009] Furthermore, it is proposed that a second actuating movement generated by the reset unit for resetting the mechanical clamping element, in which at least the anchor element moves from the second end position to the first end position, occurs significantly slower, preferably at least 40 times, more preferably at least 75 times, and most preferably at least 100 times slower, than the first actuating movement. This advantageously allows for a material-friendly resetting of the anchor element. Advantageously, this ensures a long service life of the actuator device and / or maintains optimal functionality of the actuator device over a long period. In particular, the duration of the second actuating movement is in the range of several hundred milliseconds (e.g., in the range of approximately 200 ms to 600 ms).

[0010] Furthermore, it is proposed that the reset unit be designed to control, particularly as an alternative to the first actuating movement which occurs independently of the reset unit, a third actuating movement in which the armature element moves significantly slower, preferably at least 40 times, more preferably at least 75 times, and most preferably at least 100 times slower, from the first end position to the second end position than in the first actuating movement which occurs independently of the reset unit. This advantageously enables an additional controlled movement of the armature element from the first end position to the second end position, for example, to control the switching off / disconnection of an electrical circuit.Advantageously, this means that not every movement of the armature element from the first end position to the second end position needs to be performed at maximum speed, thus protecting the components of the actuator device. This can also advantageously extend its service life. For example, when the actuator device is used in a vehicle's electrical system, the third movement can enable a controlled shutdown (e.g., when the vehicle is switched off), while the first movement is intended for an emergency shutdown (e.g., in the event of an accident). Specifically, during the third movement, the armature element is moved to the second end position by means of the motor-driven return element, with a controlled release of the mechanical actuator.

[0011] It is further proposed that the magnetic unit comprises an electromagnet which, at least in the activated state, is designed to exert an attractive force on at least a portion of the armature element to fix it in the first end position. This advantageously enables a current-free fail-safe position of the actuator device in the second end position. In particular, in the activated state, the electromagnet holds the armature element in the first end position against the spring force of the mechanical clamping element. The armature element specifically comprises a magnetic element designed to interact attractively with the magnetic field of the magnetic unit. The magnetic element is, in particular, at least partially made of a ferromagnetic material. The magnetic element is, in particular, integrated into the armature element.Alternatively, the magnetic element can be formed separately from the armature element and preferably connected to it. Furthermore, as an alternative to the direct interaction of the electromagnet with that part of the armature element, it is also conceivable that the magnetic unit instead comprises a permanent magnet which interacts attractively with at least a part of the armature element. In this case, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet could be superimposed with a switching magnetic field of the electromagnet to release the armature element from its fixation in the first end position. In this case, instead of the de-energized fail-safe position of the actuator in the second end position, a de-energized fail-safe position of the actuator in the first end position could advantageously be achieved. In particular, the electromagnet is fixed relative to a housing unit of the actuator, preferably attached to the housing unit.In particular, the anchor element is movable relative to the housing unit, and especially is movably mounted within the housing unit.

[0012] If the actuator device includes a housing unit that encloses at least a large part of the electromagnet and at least a large part of the armature element and / or at least a large part of the mechanical clamping element, simple assembly and / or fitting into a limited installation space can be advantageously achieved. A high degree of compactness of the actuator device can be advantageously attained, particularly in relation to the achievable stroke. In particular, the mechanical clamping element is arranged completely within the housing unit. In particular, the armature element, with the exception of an actuating element moved by the armature element, which may be formed integrally with the armature element, is arranged completely within the housing unit. In particular, only the actuating element, as the sole component of the actuator device, protrudes beyond the housing unit.

[0013] In particular, the magnetic unit, preferably at least the electromagnet, is arranged completely within the housing unit. In particular, the motor drive for driving the return element is arranged completely within the housing unit. The housing unit particularly includes a cover element. The cover element may be removable, but preferably the cover element is permanently (positively) connected to the housing unit, for example by plastic welding or pressing, or the like.

[0014] Furthermore, it is proposed that the electromagnet be arranged at least substantially laterally to the mechanical clamping element with respect to its expansion direction. This advantageously allows for a particularly high degree of compactness, especially with respect to the expansion direction of the mechanical clamping element and / or with respect to its extent parallel to the positioning directions of the armature element. The expansion direction of the mechanical clamping element runs, in particular, parallel to a longitudinal extent of the mechanical clamping element, parallel to a spiral axis of the mechanical clamping element, and / or parallel to the positioning directions of the armature element.

[0015] It is further proposed that the reset unit, in particular the motor-driven reset element, has a drive element, movably mounted, especially relative to the housing unit of the actuator device, for contacting the armature element during an actuating movement by the reset unit. This allows for advantageous and / or simple power transmission from the motor drive to the armature element and thus, in particular, to the mechanical clamping element. Specifically, the drive element follows all movements performed by the motor-driven reset element. Specifically, the drive element is rigidly connected to the motor-driven reset element. Specifically, the drive element is designed separately from the armature element. Specifically, in at least one operating state of the actuator device, the drive element is arranged without contact with the armature element.

[0016] If the motor-driven return element is designed as a gear, a particularly advantageous and / or simple power transmission from the motor drive to the drive element and / or to the return element can be achieved. In particular, one axis of rotation of the gear is oriented at least substantially perpendicular to the positioning directions of the armature element and / or to the expansion direction of the mechanical positioning element. In particular, one axis of rotation of the gear is oriented at least substantially perpendicular to a coil axis of the electromagnet.

[0017] Furthermore, if the drive element is arranged on a side face of the gear and thus follows the gear's movement, an effective and / or simple power transmission from the motor drive to the armature element can advantageously be achieved during the second or third positioning movement. In particular, the drive element is arranged on a side face of the gear such that it describes a circular path when the gear rotates. Specifically, the drive element is arranged outside an innermost quarter, preferably outside an innermost third, and more preferably outside an inner half of a radius of the gear's side face, so that an optimized ratio of transmissible force (torque) to achievable positioning path, and in particular an achievable component of the circular path in a direction parallel to the positioning directions, can be advantageously achieved.

[0018] Furthermore, it is proposed that the drive element be designed to guide the armature element along at least 120°, preferably at least 160°, of a monotonous rotational movement of the gear and / or at most 170°, preferably at most 130°, of the monotonous rotational movement of the gear. This advantageously allows for a particularly effective clamping of the mechanical clamping element, for example, by advantageously transmitting the largest possible stroke from the gear to the armature element. A "monotonic rotational movement" is understood to mean, in particular, a constant or intermittent movement with a constant direction of rotation. Specifically, the drive element is always free from contact with the armature element over a portion of the circular path that can be traced by the drive element comprising at least 120°, preferably at least approximately 180°.

[0019] If the drive element is designed to release the armature element following a movement, particularly after reaching a transfer position for transferring the armature element to the magnetic unit, by means of a rotational movement of the gear, especially by continuing the rotational movement of the gear, the armature element can advantageously be released in a particularly simple manner for a rapid repositioning to the first end position following the reset process. In this context, "releasing" the armature element means, in particular, that the drive element is arranged within the housing unit in such a way that collisions between the drive element and the armature element are prevented during the first positioning movement. Specifically, in this case, the drive element is arranged outside the movement volume swept through by the armature element during the first positioning movement.

[0020] Furthermore, if the armature element has a contact element for receiving a force exerted on it by the drive element, and this contact element is designed to be at least partially covered by the drive element during the positioning movement by the return unit, then an effective and / or simple power transmission from the motor drive, in particular from the drive element to the armature element, can advantageously take place. In particular, the contact element is formed integrally, preferably monolithically, with the armature element. Specifically, the contact element is designed as a tab-like projection of the armature element oriented towards the gear.

[0021] Furthermore, it is proposed that the armature element comprises at least a first armature sub-element and a second armature sub-element connected to the first armature sub-element, the latter being arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the first armature sub-element, wherein the contact element is arranged on the first armature sub-element, and wherein the second armature sub-element comprises at least one seat, in particular the spring seat, for supporting the mechanical clamping element and / or at least the magnetic element, which is provided for an attractive interaction with the magnetic field of the magnet unit. This allows for an advantageous design of the armature element. Advantageously, a particularly compact design of the actuator device can be achieved, especially in relation to the achievable stroke. In particular, the first armature sub-element and the second armature sub-element are formed at least integrally, preferably monolithically, with each other.The term "one-piece" is to be understood in particular as being joined at least by a material bond, for example by a welding process, an adhesive bonding process, an injection molding process and / or another process that would appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously formed in one piece, such as by being manufactured from a single casting and / or by being manufactured using a single- or multi-component injection molding process, and advantageously from a single blank. In particular, the first anchor element and / or the second anchor element is planar, especially plate-like.

[0022] If the seat, in particular the spring seat, for supporting the mechanical clamping element and the magnetic element are arranged on opposite sides of the first armature element relative to the first armature element, a particularly advantageous compactness can be achieved, especially with regard to the expansion direction of the mechanical actuating element and / or with regard to an extension parallel to the actuating directions of the armature element.

[0023] Furthermore, if at least one reinforcing element, by means of which the first anchor element (arranged at least substantially in a T-shape relative to the second anchor element) is supported and reinforced on the second anchor element at least on one side facing the seat for supporting the mechanical clamping element, a high degree of stability of the anchor element can advantageously be achieved. In particular, due to an off-center arrangement of the spring seat in the anchor element and the resulting off-center effect of the spring force on the anchor element, and / or due to an off-center arrangement of the magnetic element in the anchor element, torsional and / or bending loads can occur within the anchor element, which can advantageously be at least partially absorbed by the reinforcing elements. The reinforcing elements form, in particular, support ramps or support wedges.

[0024] Furthermore, it is proposed that the anchor element incorporates a guide element integrally molded into it for receiving and / or guiding the mechanical clamping element. This advantageously allows for high operational reliability, particularly by precisely defining the position and movement of the mechanical clamping element. Specifically, the guide element is designed as a cylindrical projection of the anchor element. In particular, at least a portion of the mechanical clamping element encloses the guide element.

[0025] Furthermore, it is proposed that the mechanical clamping element be designed as a spiral spring, in particular a spiral compression spring, wound at least partially and / or in part around the guide element. This advantageously allows for a high level of operational reliability, especially by precisely defining the position and movement of the spiral spring.

[0026] It is further proposed that the fast-switching actuator device has an actuating element that is at least operatively connected to the armature element, preferably formed integrally, and which is arranged on a side of the armature element opposite the mechanical clamping element. This advantageously allows for optimized utilization of the large stroke for an actuating movement. The actuating element is specifically designed to interrupt an electrical circuit and / or to actuate a switch that leads to an interruption of an electrical circuit. In particular, the actuating element is in a fully extended state when the armature element is in the second end position. Specifically, the fully extended state forms a release position of the actuating element, which is designed to accomplish or effect an interruption of the electrical circuit.In particular, the actuating element is in a minimally extended state when the armature element is in the first end position. Specifically, the minimally extended state forms a safety position for the actuating element, in which the electrical circuit is not interrupted by the actuating element. Specifically, the mechanical clamping unit and return unit drive the movement of the actuating element.

[0027] Furthermore, it is proposed that the fast-switching actuator device includes an electric motor designed to generate a driving force for moving the return element. This advantageously enables controlled tensioning of the mechanical clamping element. In particular, the electric motor is at least partially, and preferably completely, arranged within the housing unit. Specifically, the electric motor is supplied with power via a common current input and / or current passage of the housing unit, just like the electromagnet.

[0028] If the fast-switching actuator device additionally includes a worm gear designed to transmit the driving force of the electric motor to the return element, in particular to the gear, a particularly compact design of the actuator device can be advantageously achieved, especially in relation to the achievable stroke. Specifically, the worm gear includes a worm wheel arranged on an output of the electric motor generating a rotational movement. In particular, the worm wheel meshes with the return element, which is designed as a gear, to convert the rotational movement of the electric motor's output into a rotational movement of the gear, the axis of rotation of which preferably runs at least substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the electric motor's output.The term "essentially perpendicular" is intended here to define in particular an orientation of a direction relative to a reference direction, wherein the direction and the reference direction, in particular when considered in a projection plane, enclose an angle of 90° and the angle has a maximum deviation of in particular less than 8°, advantageously less than 5° and particularly advantageously less than 2°.

[0029] Furthermore, if the electric motor is designed to generate a reverse rotation for a controlled transfer of the armature element from the first end position to the second end position, guided in particular by the drive element, then the controlled movement of the armature element from the first end position to the second end position can be advantageously enabled. This can advantageously protect the components of the actuator device and increase the service life of the actuator device.

[0030] Additionally, it is proposed that the fast-switching actuator device include a sensor unit, in particular with at least one sensor, which is designed to detect and / or monitor at least one state, in particular at least the end positions of the armature element, and / or a movement of the armature element. This advantageously enables precise control and / or monitoring of the movement and / or position of the armature element. Advantageously, a high level of operational reliability can be achieved.

[0031] If the sensor unit, preferably at least one sensor of the sensor unit, is designed to detect and / or monitor the motor current of an electric motor of the reset unit to determine the reset time of the reset unit, within which the armature element is moved from the second end position to the first end position, to determine the instantaneous position of a drive element of the reset unit, such as an angular or vertical position of the drive element, and / or to determine the displacement of the drive element of the reset unit, then precise condition monitoring of the actuator device can advantageously be achieved. This allows malfunctions to be detected and / or avoided. In particular, the sensor is designed to perform a ripple-count method to determine the instantaneous position and / or displacement of the drive element.In particular, the sensor of the sensor unit is designed as an asynchronous counter (ripple counter), which is intended to detect and evaluate a structure in the motor current of the electric motor, for example, a ripple in the motor current. Specifically, the asynchronous counter is designed to deduce the motor's revolutions per minute (RPM) and thus the instantaneous position and / or the travel of the drive element from a number of detected patterns (e.g., ripples) in the motor current.

[0032] Furthermore, it is proposed that the sensor unit include a Hall sensor designed to monitor the movement of at least part of the return element in order to determine the return time of the return unit, the instantaneous position of the drive element, and / or the travel of the drive element. This advantageously enables precise condition monitoring of the actuator device. Malfunctions can thus be detected and / or prevented. In particular, the sensor unit includes a magnetic element, preferably a permanent magnet. Specifically, the Hall sensor is designed to detect a magnetic field of the magnetic element, preferably changes in the magnetic field of the magnetic element (e.g.,The Hall sensor is designed to detect changes in the magnetic field strength of the magnetic element at the location of the Hall sensor, changes in the magnetic field direction of the magnetic element at the location of the Hall sensor, changes in the position of the magnetic element relative to the Hall sensor, etc. In particular, the Hall sensor is designed to determine the instantaneous position of the return element, especially the drive element, and / or its displacement based on the detected change in the magnetic field of the magnetic element. The magnetic element can, for example, be integrated into the return element and / or the drive element. Preferably, in this case, the magnetic element is integrated into the return element and / or the drive element in such a way that a movement of the return element and / or the drive element causes a movement of the magnetic element.Alternatively, the magnetic element can, for example, be arranged on a side of the return element opposite the side of the return element on which the Hall sensor is arranged. In this case, the return element and / or the drive element is partially made of a magnetic flux-conducting material, for example, a ferromagnetic material, so that the magnetic field of the magnetic unit is shaped differently, preferably guided differently, through the return element and / or the drive element depending on the instantaneous position and / or the path of the return element and / or the drive element.

[0033] Furthermore, it is proposed that the sensor unit be designed to detect a transfer position of the reset unit and / or the armature element, in which the armature element is transferred to the magnet unit after being reset by the reset unit. This advantageously enables precise condition monitoring of the actuator device. Malfunctions can thus be detected and / or prevented. A high level of operational reliability can be achieved. In particular, the Hall sensor is designed to detect the transfer position. Specifically, the transfer position is defined as the position of the reset unit, especially the drive element, in which the drive element has moved the armature element into the first end position.In particular, the transfer position is designed as the position of the return unit, especially the drive element, in which the drive element has a minimum vertical distance from the housing unit, especially the cover unit, along the circular path described by the drive element.

[0034] If the sensor unit is designed to detect an induction signal for identifying the transfer position, simple and / or reliable detection of the transfer position can be advantageously achieved. In particular, the induction signal is designed as an electrical signal generated by a magnetic field or by a change in a magnetic field, for example, a change in the magnetic field resulting from the movement of a ferromagnetic component in a magnetic field.

[0035] In this context, it is further proposed that the sensor unit be at least partially integral with the electromagnet, in which the induction signal is generated by the approach of the armature element to the electromagnet, in particular by the approach of the magnetic element integrated into or fixed to the armature element and / or another magnetic element to the electromagnet. This advantageously enables simple and / or reliable detection of the transfer position. Advantageously, a transfer position can be detected without the need for an additional sensor, such as a Hall sensor. This advantageously allows for a simple, cost-optimized, and / or compact design of the actuator device.The phrase "partially one-piece" means, in particular, that the units have at least one, in particular at least two, advantageously at least three, common elements that are a component, in particular a functionally important component, of both units.

[0036] Furthermore, an actuator, in particular a circuit breaker, is proposed with the fast-switching actuator device. This advantageously allows an actuator with a particularly fast actuation movement in at least one direction, and especially with a suitably large stroke.

[0037] Furthermore, a method is proposed using the fast-switching actuator device, in particular the circuit breaker device, comprising a clamping step in which an armature element is moved by a motor-driven reset unit into a first end position, preferably directly, held stable by a magnetic field, thereby simultaneously clamping a mechanical clamping element supported on the armature element, and comprising a first unclamping step and a second unclamping step that can be carried out as an alternative to the first unclamping step.wherein in the first release step the armature element is released from the first end position and moved by the mechanical clamping element to the second end position with an uncontrolled acceleration, and wherein in the second release step the armature element is released from the first end position and moved by the mechanical clamping element to the second end position with an acceleration controlled by the reset unit, wherein the first release step is intended for emergency actuation of the fast-switching actuator device, in particular for triggering a safety trip of the circuit breaker device, while the second release step is intended for regular actuation of the fast-switching actuator device, in particular for triggering an orderly trip of the circuit breaker device.This is provided for. This allows the expansion of the mechanical actuator to be advantageously used for the simultaneous implementation of an emergency mode with a rapid initial actuation movement and a normal operating mode with a controlled, slower third actuation movement. The additional capability of a controlled switching process also advantageously protects the material and thus ensures a long service life.

[0038] The actuator device, actuator, and method according to the invention are not limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the actuator device, actuator, and method according to the invention may, to achieve a functionality described herein, comprise a different number of individual elements, components, and units than the number specified herein. Drawings

[0039] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. A person skilled in the art will expediently consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

[0040] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic side view of an actuator with a fast-switching actuator device, Fig. 2 a schematic view of the fast-switching actuator device with a first hidden part of a housing unit and with an armature element which is in a first end position, Fig. 3 a further schematic view of the fast-switching actuator device with a second hidden part of the housing unit, with the armature element which is in the first end position and with a drive element, a reset unit which is in a release position, Fig. 4 a schematic view of the fast-switching actuator device with the first hidden part of the housing unit, with a partially hidden magnet unit and with an armature element which is in a second end position, Fig.Fig. 5 a schematic view of part of the fast-switching actuator device with the armature element and with the reset element of the reset unit, Fig. 6 a schematic perspective view of the armature element and Fig. 7 a schematic flow diagram of a process. Description of the exemplary embodiment

[0041] Fig. 1Figure 66 shows a schematic side view of an actuator 66. The actuator 66 is designed as a circuit breaker. The actuator 66 is intended to interrupt an electrical circuit 78 in at least one switching state. The exemplary circuit 78 comprises a first contact element 80 and a second contact element 82. The exemplary circuit 78 includes a load 84 (e.g., a vehicle electrical system) and a voltage source 86 (e.g., a battery of a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle). In the exemplary case, the first contact element 82 is designed to be elastically resilient. The actuator 66 is intended to bend the first contact element 82 by means of an actuating element 56 of the actuator 66 in the operating state in which the circuit 78 is interrupted (in the drawing of the Fig. 1(to press downwards), so that the electrical contact with the second contact element 82 is broken and that the voltage source 86 is disconnected from the load 84. The actuator 66 has a fast-switching actuator device 68.

[0042] The Fig. 2Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the fast-switching actuator device 68 with the housing unit 28 partially obscured. The actuator device 68 is designed as a protective switch device. The actuator device 68 comprises the housing unit 28. The housing unit 28 largely encloses the actuator device 68. The housing unit 28 includes a removable cover element 90. The actuator device 68 has a mechanical clamping element 10. The mechanical clamping element 10 is designed as a spiral compression spring. The mechanical clamping element 10 is supported at a first end 88 on the housing unit 28, in particular on the cover element 90, preferably on a spring seat of the housing unit 28 or the cover element 90.Alternatively, the mechanical clamping element 10 can also be supported on a component of the actuator device 68 that differs from the cover element 90, for example, on a magnetic core 100 of an electromagnet 26 of the actuator device 68 or on a magnetic flux guide element 102 of the electromagnet 26 of the actuator device 68. In this case, increased overall stability can advantageously be achieved by supporting it on a hard metallic component instead of a plastic component. The mechanical clamping element 10 is arranged completely within the housing unit 28. The actuator device 68 has an armature element 12. The armature element 12 (with the exception of the actuating element 56, which may be formed integrally with the armature element 12) is arranged completely within the housing unit 28. The armature element 12 is formed as an injection-molded part. A second end 92 of the mechanical clamping element 10 is supported on the armature element 12.The anchor element 12 is secured by the mechanical clamping element 10, in particular in a first end position 14 (see . Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 ), prestressable. The anchor element 12 is located in the representation of the Fig. 2 in the first end position 14. The anchor element 12 is driven by a relaxation of the mechanical clamping element 10 from the first end position 14 to a second end position 16 of the anchor element 12 (cf. Fig. 4) movable. During a first positioning movement, the anchor element 12 moves from the first end position 14 to the second end position 16. The first positioning movement is generated by a relaxation of the mechanical clamping element 10. The first positioning movement is a rapid movement in which the anchor element 12 sweeps a stroke 24 of at least 7 mm within a maximum of 6 ms. The anchor element 12 has a guide element 54, which is provided for receiving and / or guiding the mechanical clamping element 10. The guide element 54 is integrally formed with the anchor element 12. The mechanical clamping element 10, in particular the spiral compression spring, is wound section by section around the guide element 54. The guide element 54 (or alternatively another guide element) is also provided for guiding the movement of the anchor element 12. The actuator device 68 has a guide rod 122.The anchor element 12 is movable along a longitudinal direction of the guide rod 122 within the housing unit 28. The guide element 54 encloses the guide rod 122, at least partially. The actuator device 68 includes the actuating element 56. The actuating element 56 is operatively connected to the anchor element 12. The actuating element 56 is arranged on the anchor element 12 on a side 58 of the anchor element 12 opposite the mechanical clamping element 10.

[0043] The actuator device 68 has a magnetic unit 18 (see in particular also Fig. 3The magnetic unit 18 is designed to hold the armature element 12 in the first end position 14 by means of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic unit 18. The magnetic unit 18 is completely enclosed within the housing unit 28. The magnetic unit 18 is fixed immovably relative to the housing unit 28. The magnetic unit 18 is attached to the cover element 90. Alternatively, the magnetic unit 18 can also be arranged and / or attached to a component of the actuator device 68 other than the cover element 90, for example, to the magnetic core 100 or to the magnetic flux guide element 102. The magnetic unit 18 includes the electromagnet 26. The electromagnet 26 is completely enclosed within the housing unit 28. The electromagnet 26 is arranged laterally next to the mechanical clamping element 10 with respect to an expansion direction 30 of the mechanical clamping element 10. The electromagnet 26 has a coil winding 96 (shown only schematically).The electromagnet 26 has a coil former 98. The coil winding 96 is wound around the coil former 98. The electromagnet 26 has a magnetic core 100 located inside the coil former 98. In the activated state, i.e., when energized, the electromagnet 26 is designed to exert an attractive force on at least a part of the armature element 12 to fix it in the first end position 14. The actuator device 68 has a magnetic element 46. The magnetic element 46 is designed as a ferromagnetic plate, e.g., an iron plate. The magnetic element 46 is fixed to the armature element 12. The magnetic element 46 is locked in the armature element 12 by detent elements 94 of the armature element 12. In its activated state, the electromagnet 26 is designed to exert an attractive force on the magnetic element 46 in order to fix the armature element 12 in the first end position 14.The electromagnet 26 has the bow-shaped magnetic flux guiding element 102, which is open in the direction of the magnetic element 46.

[0044] The actuator device 68 has a reset unit 20. The reset unit 20 is designed to move the anchor element 12 back from the second end position 16 to the first end position 14. The reset unit 20 is designed to pre-tension the mechanical clamping element 10 as the anchor element 12 moves toward the second end position 16. The second actuating movement generated by the reset unit 20 to reset the mechanical clamping element 10, in which the anchor element 12 moves back from the second end position 16 to the first end position 14, occurs at least 40 times slower than the first actuating movement, in which the anchor element 12, driven by the mechanical clamping element 10, moves from the first end position 14 to the second end position 16. The switching time of the second actuating movement is longer than 200 ms. The reset unit 20 has a reset element 22.

[0045] The return element 22 is motor-driven. The motor-driven return element 22 is designed as a gear 36. The gear 36 has a rotational axis 106 (see also Fig. 5) which is oriented perpendicular to a main direction of movement 108 of the anchor element 12. The main direction of movement 108 of the anchor element 12 is parallel to the expansion direction 30 of the mechanical clamping element 10. The return element 22 has a drive element 32. The drive element 32 is movably mounted relative to the housing unit 28. The drive element 32 is provided for contacting the anchor element 12 during an positioning movement by the return unit 20. The drive element 32 is arranged on a side surface 34 of the gear 36. The drive element 32 is arranged off-center on the side surface 34 of the gear 36. The drive element 32 follows a movement of the gear 36. The drive element 32 is provided for guiding the anchor element 12 along a monotonous rotational movement of the gear 36 for at least 120°.The drive element 32 is designed to guide the armature element 12 along the monotonous rotational movement of the gear 36 for a maximum of 170°. The drive element 32 is designed as a type of bolt that projects beyond the side surface 34 of the gear 36. The drive element 32 is designed as a type of bolt that projects beyond the side surface 34 of the gear 36 in the direction of the electromagnet 26. The return element 22 has an axle element 110. The gear 36 is mounted to rotate about the axle element 110. The axle element 110 is, in turn, fixedly mounted in / on the housing unit 28. Alternatively, the axle element 110 can also be mounted on a component of the actuator device 68 that is different from the housing unit 28, for example, on the magnetic core 100 and / or the magnetic flux guide element 102.The drive element 32 is designed to release the anchor element 12 following a movement of the anchor element 12, by means of a rotational movement of the gear 36, in particular by a continuation of the rotational movement of the gear 36 that generates the movement. When the anchor element 12 is fixed in the first end position 14, the drive element 32, in particular the gear 36, is moved into a release position (see also ). Fig. 3 ) rotates.

[0046] The actuator device 68 includes an electric motor 60. The electric motor 60 is designed to generate the driving force for moving the motor-driven return element 22. The electric motor 60 is completely enclosed within the housing unit 28. The electric motor 60 has an output 104. The output 104 has a rotation axis 112. The rotation axis 112 of the output 104 and the rotation axis 106 of the gear 36 are perpendicular to each other. The actuator device 68 includes a worm gear 62. The worm gear 62 is designed to transmit the driving force of the electric motor 60 to the return element 22. The worm gear 62 has a gear ratio. The worm gear 62 includes a worm shaft 114. The worm gear 62 includes the gear 36.The worm shaft 114 meshes with the gear 36 to transmit the drive energy and to change the orientation of the driven rotation axis 106, 112.

[0047] The electric motor 60 is designed to generate a reverse rotation opposite to the direction of rotation used to return the armature element 12 from the second end position 16 to the first end position 14. The reverse rotation of the electric motor 60, particularly of the output 104, is intended to facilitate a controlled (slow) transition of the armature element 12 from the first end position 14 to the second end position 16. The reverse rotation of the electric motor 60, particularly of the output 104, is intended to guide the armature element 12 from the first end position 14 to the second end position 16 via the drive element 32.The reset unit 20 is designed to control a third positioning movement by means of the reverse rotation of the electric motor 60, as an alternative to the first positioning movement which takes place independently of the reset unit 20, in which the armature element 12 moves at least 40 times slower from the first end position 14 to the second end position 16 than in the first positioning movement which takes place independently of the reset unit 20.

[0048] The actuator device 68 includes a sensor unit 64. The sensor unit 64 is designed to detect and / or monitor the state and / or movement of the armature element 12. The sensor unit 64 includes a first sensor 116. The sensor unit 64 is designed to use the first sensor 116 to detect and / or monitor the motor current of the electric motor 60 of the reset unit 20 in order to determine the reset time of the reset unit 20, within which the armature element 12 is moved from the second end position 16 to the first end position 14, to determine the instantaneous position of the drive element 32, and / or to determine the displacement of the drive element 32. The first sensor 116 is at least partially integrally formed with the electric motor 60 or with a control unit (not shown) for controlling the electric motor 60.

[0049] The sensor unit 64 includes a second sensor 118. The sensor unit 64 includes a Hall sensor. The second sensor 118 is configured as the Hall sensor. The second sensor 118 is designed to detect and / or monitor the movement of at least part of the reset element 22 in order to determine the reset time of the reset unit 20, the instantaneous position of the drive element 32, and / or the displacement of the drive element 32. In the exemplary case shown, the drive element 32 is partially configured as a permanent magnet. The second sensor 118 is designed to detect the magnetic field of the permanent magnet of the drive element 32 and, based on the instantaneous detected magnetic field strength and / or the instantaneous detected magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet of the drive element 32, to determine a position and / or a movement of the drive element 32.

[0050] The sensor unit 64 has a third sensor 120 (see Fig. 3 The third sensor 120 is designed to detect a transfer position of the reset unit 20, in which the armature element 12 is transferred to the magnet unit 18 after being reset by the reset unit 20. The third sensor 120 is designed to detect an induction signal to identify the transfer position. Generally, it is conceivable that two or more sensors 116, 118, 120 of the sensor unit 64 are at least partially formed as a single unit. The third sensor 120 is formed as a single unit with the electromagnet 26. The induction signal is generated in the electromagnet 26 when the armature element 12 approaches the electromagnet 26. A control unit (not shown) of the electromagnet 26 is designed to read the induction signal from the electromagnet 26.

[0051] The Fig. 6Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the anchor element 12. The anchor element 12 has a contact element 38. The contact element 38 is designed to receive a force exerted on the anchor element 12 by the drive element 32. The contact element 38 is designed to be swept over by the drive element 32 during the second positioning movement by the return unit 20. The anchor element 12 has a first anchor part element 40 and a second anchor part element 42 connected to the first anchor part element 40. Both anchor part elements 40 and 42 are largely plate-like. The second anchor part element 42 is arranged perpendicular to the first anchor part element 40. The contact element 38 is arranged on the first anchor part element 40. The contact element 38 is designed as a tab projecting beyond the remainder of the first anchor part element 40 in a direction pointing towards the gear 36.The second armature element 42 forms a seat 44 for supporting the mechanical clamping element 10. The second armature element 42 includes the guide element 54. The second armature element 42 includes the magnetic element 46, which is designed to interact attractively with the magnetic field of the magnet unit 18. The second armature element 42 includes the detent elements 94. The seat 44 for supporting the mechanical clamping element 10 and the magnetic element 46 are arranged on opposite sides 50, 52 of the first armature element 40, relative to the first armature element 40. The guide element 54 and the magnetic element 46 are arranged on opposite sides 50, 52 of the first armature element 40, relative to the first armature element 40. The actuator device 68 includes a reinforcing element 48.The reinforcing element 48 is designed to support the first anchor element 40 on the second anchor element 42. The reinforcing element 48 is designed to support and reinforce the first anchor element 40 on the second anchor element 42 on a side 50 facing the seat 44 for supporting the mechanical clamping element 10.

[0052] The Fig. 7Figure 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a process using the fast-switching actuator device 68. In a clamping step 70, the armature element 12 is moved by the motor-driven return element 22 into the first end position 14, which is held stably by the magnetic field. This closes the circuit 78 secured by the actuator 66. Simultaneously, in clamping step 70, the mechanical clamping element 10, supported by the armature element 12, is clamped. In a further process step 72, the electromagnet 26 of the magnet unit 18 is activated. This holds the armature element 12 in the first end position 14. In at least one further process step 124, the drive element 32 is removed from the path of movement of the armature element 12 by further rotating the gear 36. In a first release step 74, the armature element 12 is released from the first end position 14. In the first release step 74, the electromagnet 26 is deactivated.In the first release step 74, the anchor element 12, released from the first end position 14, is moved by the mechanical clamping element 10 to the second end position 16 with uncontrolled acceleration. In the first release step 74, the anchor element 12 is moved at least 7 mm in a maximum of 6 ms. In the first release step 74, the movement of the anchor element 12 opens the circuit 78 secured by the actuator 66. In the first release step 74, the circuit 78 is opened abruptly before (thermal) damage can occur or an electric shock can be triggered. The first release step 74 is intended for emergency actuation of the fast-switching actuator device 68. In In a second relaxation step 76, which is an alternative to the first relaxation step 74, the anchor element 12 is released from the first end position 14. In In the second relaxation step 76, the electromagnet 26 is deactivated. InIn the second release step 76, the anchor element 12, released from the first end position 14, is moved by the mechanical clamping element 10 to the second end position 16 with an acceleration controlled by the reset unit 20. In In the second release step 76, the armature element 12 is moved at least 7 mm in at least 200 ms. During the second release step 76, the movement of the armature element 12 opens the circuit 78 secured by the actuator 66 in a controlled manner. The second release step 76 is intended for regular actuation of the fast-switching actuator device 68. Reference sign

[0053] 10 Mechanical clamping element 12 Anchor element 14 First end position 16 Second end position 18 Magnet unit 20 Reset unit 22 Reset element 24 Stroke 26 Electromagnet 28 Housing unit 30 Expansion direction 32 Drive element 34 Side surface 36 Gear 38 Contact element 40 First armature part element 42 Second armature part element 44 Seat 46 Magnetic element 48 Reinforcement element 50 Side 52 Page 54 Guide element 56 Actuating element 58 Page 60 Electric motor 62 Worm gear 64 Sensor unit 66 Actuator 68 Actuator device 70 Clamping step 72 Process step 74 First release step 76 Second release step 78 Circuit 80 First contact element 82 Second contact element 84 Consumer 86 Voltage source 88 First end 90 Cover element 92 Second end 94 Detent element 96 Coil winding 98 Coil body 100 Magnet core 102 Magnetic flux guide element 104 Output 106 Rotation axis 108 Main direction of movement 110 Axle element 112 Rotation axis 114 Worm shaft 116 First sensor 118 Second sensor 120 Third sensor 122 Guide rod124 Procedure step

Claims

1. Fast-acting actuator device (68) in a circuit-breaker device, having a mechanical tensioning element (10), having an armature element (12) which can be preloaded by the mechanical tensioning element (10) and which, driven by tension release of the mechanical tensioning element (10), is movable from at least one first end position (14) into at least one second end position (16), and having a resetting unit (20) which is configured to move the armature element (12) back at least from the second end position (16) into the first end position (14) by means of a motor-drivable resetting element (22) and, in the process, to preload the mechanical tensioning element (10), characterized by a magnet unit (18), which is configured to hold the armature element (12) in the first end position (14) by means of a magnetic field generated by the magnet unit (18).

2. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a first actuating movement generated by the tension release of the mechanical tensioning element (10), in which at least the armature element (12) moves from the first end position (14) to the second end position (16), generates a stroke (24) of at least 7 mm within at most 6 ms.

3. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a second actuating movement, generated by the resetting unit (20), for a resetting of the mechanical tensioning element (10), in which at least the armature element (12) moves from the second end position (16) to the first end position (14), is substantially slower, preferably at least 40 times slower, than the first actuating movement.

4. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the resetting unit (20) is configured to control, in particular as an alternative to the first actuating movement that proceeds independently of the resetting unit (20), a third actuating movement in which the armature element (12) moves from the first end position (14) to the second end position (16) substantially slower, preferably at least 40 times slower, than in the first actuating movement that proceeds independently of the resetting unit (20).

5. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet unit (18) comprises an electromagnet (26) which, at least in its activated state, is configured to exert an attracting force effect at least on a portion of the armature element (12) for a fixing of the armature element (12) in the first end position (14).

6. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 5, characterized by a housing unit (28) which encloses at least a large portion of the electromagnet (26) and at least a large portion of the armature element (12) and / or at least a large portion of the mechanical tensioning element (10).

7. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the electromagnet (26) is arranged at least substantially laterally adjacent to the mechanical tensioning element (10) with respect to an expansion direction (30) of the mechanical tensioning element (10).

8. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resetting unit (20), in particular the motor-drivable resetting element (22), has a driver element (32) that is supported so as to be movable, in particular relative to a housing unit (28) of the actuator device (68), for a contacting of the armature element (12) during an actuating movement by the resetting unit (20).

9. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor-drivable resetting element (22) is realized as a gearwheel (36).

10. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the driver element (32) is arranged on a side face (34) of the gearwheel (36) and thus follows a movement of the gearwheel (36).

11. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the driver element (32) is configured to entrain the armature element (12) over at least 120° of a monotonic rotational movement of the gearwheel (36) and / or over at most 170° of the monotonic rotational movement of the gearwheel (36).

12. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 8 and as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the driver element (32) is configured, following an entrainment by a rotational movement of the gearwheel (36), to release the armature element (12), in particular by a continuation of the rotational movement of the gearwheel (36).

13. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the armature element (12) has, for receiving a force exerted on the armature element (12) by the driver element (32), a contact element (38) which is configured to be at least partially swept over by the driver element (32) during the actuating movement by the resetting unit (20).

14. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the armature element (12) comprises at least one first armature sub-element (40) and a second armature sub-element (42), which is connected to the first armature sub-element (40) and is arranged at least substantially perpendicularly to the first armature sub-element (40), wherein the contact element (38) is arranged on the first armature sub-element (40) and wherein the second armature sub-element (42) comprises at least one seat (44) for a support of the mechanical tensioning element (10) and / or comprises at least one magnetic element (46), which is configured to interact with the magnetic field of the magnet unit (18) by attraction.

15. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the seat (44) for the support of the mechanical tensioning element (10) and the magnetic element (46) are arranged, relative to the first armature sub-element (40), on opposite sides (50, 52) of the first armature sub-element (40).

16. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 14 or 15, characterized by at least one reinforcing element (48), by which the first armature sub-element (40) is supported and reinforced on the second armature sub-element (42) at least on a side (50) facing towards the seat (44) for supporting the mechanical tensioning element (10).

17. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature element (12) has an integrally molded-on guide element (54) for receiving and / or guiding the mechanical tensioning element (10).

18. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that the mechanical tensioning element (10) is embodied as a spiral spring wound at least section-wise around the guide element (54).

19. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an actuating element (56), which is at least operatively connected to the armature element (12), which is preferably realized integrally with the armature element (12) and which is arranged on a side (58) of the armature element (12) that is situated opposite the mechanical tensioning element (10).

20. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an electric motor (60) configured to generate a drive force for a movement of the resetting element (22).

21. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 20, characterized by a worm gear (62) configured to transmit the drive force of the electric motor (60) to the resetting element (22).

22. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the electric motor (60) is configured to generate a reverse rotation for a controlled transfer, in particular guided by the driver element (32), of the armature element (12) from the first end position (14) to the second end position (16).

23. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a sensor unit (64), which is configured to detect and / or monitor at least one state and / or a movement of the armature element (12).

24. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that the sensor unit (64) is configured to detect and / or monitor a motor current of an electric motor (60) of the resetting unit (20) for the purpose of determining a reset time of the resetting unit (20) within which the armature element (12) is brought from the second end position (16) to the first end position (14), of determining a current position of a driver element (32) of the resetting unit (20), and / or of determining a travel path of the driver element (32) of the resetting unit (20).

25. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the sensor unit (64) comprises a Hall sensor, which is configured to monitor a movement at least of a portion of the resetting element (22) for the purpose of determining the reset time of the resetting unit (20), the current position of the driver element (32) and / or the travel path of the driver element (32).

26. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the sensor unit (64) is configured to detect a transfer position of the resetting unit (20) in which the armature element (12) is transferred to the magnet unit (18) after a resetting by the resetting unit (20).

27. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claim 26, characterized in that the sensor unit (64) is configured to detect an induction signal for an identification of the transfer position.

28. Fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in claims 5 and 27, characterized in that the sensor unit (64) is realized at least partially integrally with the electromagnet (26) in which the induction signal is generated by an approach of the armature element (12) to the electromagnet (26).

29. Actuator (66) with a fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

30. Method with a fast-acting actuator device (68) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 28, with a tensioning step (70) in which an armature element (12) is moved by a motor-driven resetting unit (20) into a first end position (14) that is held stable directly by a magnetic field, as a result of which a mechanical tensioning element (10) supported on the armature element (12) is tensioned at the same time, and with a first tension-release step (74) and a second tension-release step (76) that can be carried out as an alternative to the first tension-release step (74), wherein in the first tension-release step (74) the armature element (12) is released from the first end position (14) and is moved into the second end position (16) with an uncontrolled acceleration by the mechanical tensioning element (10), and wherein in the second tension-release step (76) the armature element (12) is released from the first end position (14) and is moved into the second end position (16) by the mechanical tensioning element (10) with an acceleration controlled by the resetting unit (20).

31. Method as claimed in claim 31, characterized in that the first tension-release step (74) is configured for an emergency actuation of the fast-acting actuator device (68), in particular for triggering a safety disconnection of the actuator device (68), while the second tension-release step (76) is configured for a regular actuation of the fast-acting actuator device (68), in particular for triggering an orderly disconnection of the actuator device (68).