LOCKING HEAD OF A HUNTING OR SPORTING WEAPON

Description

[0001] The subject matter of the invention is a bolt head of a hunting or sporting weapon as part of a weapon bolt according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0002] The bolt is a component of a breech-loading rifle and closes the barrel to the rear. The bolt prevents propellant gases from escaping to the rear. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of these gases. In weapons firing cartridges, the bolt secures the cartridges in the barrel, and the seal is achieved by the sealing of the case material. The bolt must therefore maintain the seal or support of the cartridge during firing and must not open until the gas pressure has dropped to a safe level.

[0003] As a locking system, the bolt can perform other functions such as loading, firing, securing and unloading the weapon.

[0004] The closure itself may consist of various individual parts and thus forms a closure system. For example, the following parts can be found in closure systems: Firing pin, also separate firing pin spring Extractor (extractor claw) Gas release (for bolt release of automatic weapons) Safety (various firing pin safety devices and firing pin safety devices)

[0005] The invention is based on a closure that can consist of the following subgroups: 1. A cylinder bolt is also called a chamber bolt. It is manufactured in various versions, but the locking principle is always the same. To unlock, the bolt must be turned with the bolt handle before it can be opened. Locking is achieved either by a varying number of locking elements (lugs, cams, or threaded ridges) that engage with corresponding recesses in the barrel or the action sleeve. In small-caliber weapons, it is often only achieved by the bolt handle, which engages with a corresponding recess in the side of the action sleeve. The most widely used and copied lock is the Mauser lock (Mauser System 98, K98), which can still be considered the culmination of a principle today. The locking elements are not perpendicular to the axis of rotation, but are attached at a slight angle in a screw-like manner.The rotation when unlocking the bolt therefore causes it to travel back 1 to 2 mm, which loosens the cartridge case via the extractor; this is also called forced extraction. This primary extraction significantly reduces the force required for reloading. 2. One variant is the straight-pull bolt. With these, the chamber or the locking sleeve belonging to the chamber is not rotated directly by the bolt handle, but via a loading lever, which rotates the chamber or locking sleeve via a correspondingly milled guide. Also known as a rotating head bolt. 3. Rotating head bolts work in a similar way to cylinder head bolts. .

[0006] In all variants, an interchangeable bolt head is particularly advantageous when changing caliber groups. This means that the bolt head, along with the barrel and magazine, must be replaced when changing from a specific caliber to a second caliber. Further advantages of interchangeable bolt heads are that removing the bolt head renders the weapon unusable, providing a unique safety feature.

[0007] Interchangeable bolt heads for hunting or sporting weapons have become known in several designs. For example, the Blaser R8 uses a bolt head that is interchangeable, but this requires the complete removal of the bolt slide. https: / / www.blaser.de / produkte / waffen / repetierbuechse-r8 /

[0008] On the Blaser R8 rifle, changing the bolt head is done by removing the entire bolt slide toward the rear of the buttstock by pulling it completely out and removing it from the rifle. It must then be rotated 180° until its underside is accessible. A bolt lock, known as the bolt catch, is accessible on the underside. The bolt lock is operated with the finger while pivoting upwards, and then, after engaging this bolt catch, the bolt head is pulled out of the removed bolt slide.

[0009] The hunting or sporting weapons shown in US 10 533 816 B2, US 2013 / 0326924 A1 and US 8 844 182 B2 also require complete removal of the bolt.

[0010] This involves a considerable amount of work, and removing the slide from the weapon has the additional disadvantage that the other parts of the weapon that are adjusted for a specific user must also be moved to a rest position, such as the comb with the molded cheek piece, which is adjusted to the shooter's specific stance. This arrangement must also be moved to a rest position to allow complete removal of the slide from the weapon.

[0011] In the well-known cylinder bolts, such as those used in the Sauer 404 rifle, the bolt head is installed in a completely inaccessible location, meaning that the entire chamber must be removed to access and ultimately remove the bolt head. https: / / www.sauer.de / wp-content / uploads / S_404BA-02_Einl_D_Web_RZ.pdf

[0012] DE 39 06 496 A1 also addresses the problem of changing calibers. This document proposes a barrel changing unit, a cylinder bolt changing unit, and a magazine changing unit. To change the caliber, the barrel is first removed with the bolt open. The bolt head is then removed from the guide bearing by removing a stud. However, this has the disadvantage that the barrel must be completely removed to access a stud screw holding the bolt head.

[0013] The invention is therefore based in the preamble of independent claim 1 on DE 39 06 496 A1 or the weapon type R8 from Blaser or the weapon type Sauer 404 from Sauer, which describe a hunting or sporting weapon with a bolt consisting of several components from the group of cylinder bolts or straight-pull bolts, which bolt consists of at least a firing pin or a striking piece, a firing pin spring, an extractor and a bolt head, wherein the bolt head is interchangeably received by a holding means in a receiving sleeve on the bolt side, wherein the bolt head is fastened in a bolt slide which can be moved and locked along the weapon.

[0014] WO 90 / 10841 A2 shows a hunting weapon with a bolt consisting of several components, which consists of at least a firing pin, a firing pin spring, an extractor and a bolt head, wherein the bolt head is interchangeably received by a screw connection in a bolt-side receiving sleeve which is fastened in a bolt slide which can be moved and locked along the weapon.

[0015] The bolt head is freely accessible from the front when the slide is moved in the direction of fire through an exposed ejection port. It is replaceable and secured with a stud. However, this must first be loosened with a tool to remove the bolt head.

[0016] The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a bolt head of a hunting or sporting weapon in such a way that it can be replaced without removing the bolt slide or the chamber or the barrel.

[0017] To achieve the stated object, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of claim 1.

[0018] This technical teaching achieves the advantage of making the bolt head accessible from the front without removing the bolt slide or the chamber in order to move it from a locked position to a removal position.

[0019] An advantageous feature of the invention is that the bolt head can be removed and installed in the firing direction, i.e., in the axial direction of its longitudinal extension, without the need to remove the bolt slide, the chamber, or the barrel itself from the weapon. This eliminates the need to access the bolt head from the underside of the removed bolt slide in order to remove it.

[0020] The technical teaching of the invention has the advantage that the bolt head can be removed quickly without the need for further removal measures, such as the removal of the bolt slide or the chamber.

[0021] There is the further advantage that the locking button can be actuated with a finger pressure, whereby the locking button is arranged in the area of ​​a receiving sleeve which is part of the receiving housing for the locking head.

[0022] The locking button according to the invention is preferably spring-loaded and cooperates with a locking element consisting of a spring-loaded, radially displaceable wedge, which, in the locked position, creates a locking connection between the inner circumference of the receiving sleeve and the outer circumference of the locking head. Instead of a rectangular or square-shaped wedge, a pin-shaped or round-shaped wedge can also be used.

[0023] According to a preferred feature of the invention, the locking button for releasably locking the bolt head is designed as a separate component. This is particularly preferred for weapon types that do not have an extractor. In another preferred embodiment, however, the locking button is part of the extractor.

[0024] The extractor is a well-known component of the locking system of firearms. Other names include extractor claw or extractor hook. The extractor is typically claw- or hook-shaped and spring-loaded in the moving part of the locking system. When at rest (the bolt is locked), the claw or hook engages through a recess at the end of the cartridge chamber into the designated groove (rim) or edge of the cartridge case, pulling it from the chamber after firing as the moving part of the locking system moves backward. The cartridge case then strikes the ejector, which expels it from the locking system and thus from the weapon.

[0025] In weapons with an unlocked spring-mass bolt, the extractor may be omitted, as it is not required. In these cases, the gas pressure pushes the empty cartridge case backward from the chamber against the bolt head, thus initiating the repeating cycle.

[0026] In the invention, the extractor is preferably a two-armed pivoting button which serves to extract the cartridge located in the cartridge chamber when the bolt slide or chamber is opened and to eject it with the aid of the ejector.

[0027] According to this preferred embodiment, the extractor, which is typically present in a weapon, has a dual function: first, to extract the fired cartridge and second, to actuate the locking mechanism for the bolt head. The aforementioned locking button is thus part of the extractor. If the extractor is missing in another embodiment, a separate actuating button can be provided for unlocking the bolt head.

[0028] Other locking or arresting mechanisms for holding the interchangeable bolt head in the bolt-side receiving housing are not covered by the claims.

[0029] Not covered by the claims are preferably locking locking devices arranged elsewhere for the bolt head, in particular ball detents. In this case, a number of balls are evenly distributed around the circumference of the housing and accommodated in a ball cage. These balls are pressed radially inward by a spring band enclosing the outer circumference of the balls. The spring-loaded balls engage radially in an associated annular receiving groove on the rear side of the bolt head, thus establishing a locking connection with the receiving housing. This locking connection is actuated by axial or vertical pressure or tension on the bolt head.

[0030] It is not covered by the claims that an external thread is arranged on a rear axial shoulder of the bolt head, which interacts with a corresponding internal thread in the area of ​​the receiving sleeve. Using a tool wrench, another tool, or manually, a specific, position-locked rotational position can be assumed by rotating the bolt head in the receiving sleeve, thereby locking or unlocking the bolt head. The threaded screw connection can also be designed as a helix thread or a bayonet screw connection.

[0031] The locking mechanisms described as examples have in common that they can be operated from the front - that is, when the bolt is open, from the front of the bolt head and the receiver sleeve - preferably with the fingers of one hand or with a tool, in order to make it possible, when the bolt slide or chamber is open, to make the bolt head easily replaceable from the front from the ejection opening made free by the open bolt slide.

[0032] The term "ejection port" refers to the space created when the slide or chamber, in which the receiver is located along with the bolt head, which can be releasably and lockably housed there, is pulled rearward toward the buttstock to open the ejection port. This allows the bolt head to be pulled forward out of the ejection port via the ejection port in the direction of fire, using a finger or, alternatively, a tool, and replaced with a different bolt head.

[0033] Due to the fact that the invention has the advantage that no other weapon parts - e.g. the bolt slide or the chamber or the barrel itself - have to be removed or modified when removing the bolt head, there is the further advantage that the bolt guide for the bolt slide on the weapon can be built very stable and compact because it does not require the bolt slide or the chamber to be removed.

[0034] The bolt slide or the chamber can therefore be guided over its entire length with close tolerances in an internal bolt guide on the weapon side, thus resulting in a particularly stable longitudinal guide for the bolt slide or the chamber, whereas in the prior art this rail guide is disadvantageously extended forward in order to be able to pull the bolt slide out of the weapon-side rail guide, which is not necessary in the invention.

[0035] The bolt guide with the bolt slide or chamber therefore extends to the rear, which requires additional shooter-specific adjustments to the weapon when removing the bolt slide or chamber. For example, the comb must be folded in, which requires a shooter-specific adjustment of the buttstock.

[0036] The fact that the bolt slide or chamber does not need to be removed provides further advantages to the invention. In the prior art, the slide guide for the bolt slide or chamber must be excessively elongated because the bolt slide or chamber must be pulled out beyond the bolt housing into the open air. In the invention, however, the bolt slide always remains in the housing and thus requires a significantly shorter and more compact rail guide. This allows the rail guide to be designed more precisely because it does not have to be aligned for the—as easy as possible—removal of the bolt slide.

[0037] This also reduces the risk of contamination, which had to be accepted with the prior art. It was known that during the reloading process, in which the bolt slide had to be moved through its full travel length, the existing contamination caused malfunctions, which are avoided with the invention.

[0038] Likewise, the invention lacks parts on the bolt slide that would protrude forward beyond the quick-release bolt head, a disadvantage that would have to be accepted with the prior art, which is considered particularly disadvantageous for the Blaser R8 weapon type. These thin guide rails, which protrude forward beyond the bolt head, can bend and thus severely impair the bolt slide guide—which is already imprecise and unstable—or cause it to jam.

[0039] The invention therefore solves the problem with particularly simple means of developing a quickly interchangeable bolt head of a hunting or sporting weapon in such a way that it can be directly removed from the front of the bolt slide or chamber displaced to the rear from the ejection opening formed thereby and can also be directly reinserted without the need to completely remove the bolt slide or chamber or barrel from the weapon.

[0040] The subject matter of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from the combination of the individual patent claims with one another.

[0041] All information and features disclosed in the documents, including the abstract, in particular the spatial configuration depicted in the drawings, could be claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are novel, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art. The use of the terms "essential" or "according to the invention" or "essential to the invention" is subjective and does not imply that the features so named must necessarily be part of one or more patent claims.

[0042] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings illustrating only one embodiment. Further essential features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and their description.

[0043] They show: Figure 1: perspective side view of a hunting or sporting weapon with the bolt open Figure 2: a detailed view from Figure 1Figure 3: perspective side view of a hunting or sporting weapon with the bolt open and the ejection opening released, with the removal position of the bolt head visible Figure 4: a detailed view from Figure 3 Figure 5:Overall view of the bolt carriage complete with bolt head Figure 6:A top view of the bolt head, which is inserted into a receiving sleeve and locked there Figure 7:Sectional view through the arrangement according to Figure 6 with a locking head locked into the receiving sleeve Figure 8: a detailed view of Figure 7Figure 9: the frontal view of the bolt head Figure 10: the perspective view of the bolt head in the locked state in the receiving sleeve Figure 11: the view of the bolt head and receiving sleeve in the unlocked state Figure 12: a sectional view through the bolt head with receiving sleeve in the unlocked state with the extractor actuated Figure 13: the frontal view of the bolt head Figure 14: a detailed view from Figure 12 Figure 15: the perspective view of the unlocked bolt head in the receiving sleeve Figure 16: the removal position of the bolt head from the receiving sleeve in a perspective side view Figure 17: receiving sleeve without bolt head in a perspective view Figure 18: another perspective view of the two parts in the release position when showing the asymmetrical holder Figure 19: the view rotated by 90° according to Figure 16 Figure 20: the view rotated by 90° according to Figure 17Figure 21: top view of the locking head with receiving sleeve Figure 22: section along the line BB in Figure 21 with illustration of the locking or latching device Figure 23: top view of the locking head with receiving sleeve Figure 24: section along the line AA in Figure 23 and a further schematic representation, in which instead of the spring-loaded catch with the locking wedge there is a screw connection between the bolt head and the receiver housing Figure 25: the top view of the bolt head with receiver sleeve Figure 26: section along the line BB in Figure 25 and an alternative locking device for the releasable fixing of the bolt head in the receiving sleeve with a schematically illustrated spring-loaded ball cage, which can be locked into an associated circumferential locking groove on the outer circumference of the bolt head

[0044] In Figure 1A hunting or sporting weapon 45 is shown, which in the illustrated embodiment consists of a weapon barrel 35, which forms a front weapon barrel muzzle 43. The weapon barrel is covered in the front area by the fore-end 36 and opens into a barrel receptacle 30, which is also referred to as a monoblock. The barrel receptacle 30 is accommodated in the system box 33. The system box 33 contains the magazine (not shown in detail) as well as the bolt guide 25 for a bolt slide 46, which allows the bolt head to be removed from the bolt head 1 in the direction of arrow 18. In this state, the bolt is Figures 1, 2 , 3 and 4opened, as can be seen in view 54 with the opened ejection opening 47, wherein the bolt slide 46 is moved rearward in the direction of arrow 18' in order to release the ejection opening 47, as shown in the detailed view 55 of 54. Also visible here is the bolt head 1, which according to the invention can be removed in the opened ejection opening 47, preferably without further aids and without tools.

[0045] On the right side of the weapon 45 is Figure 2 The bolt handle 31 (bolt stem) is still shown, concealed, and is used for locking and reloading the bolt slide 46. A telescopic sight 34 can be mounted on the weapon barrel 35.

[0046] Figure 5shows the bolt carriage 46 in which a bolt housing 32 and a bolt guide cover 58 are arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the bolt housing 32 consists of a receiving sleeve 8, in the interior of which the bolt head 1 is releasably and lockably received. According to a preferred embodiment, the bolt head 1 is accessible and replaceable without tools in the forward direction of firing via the ejection opening 47. Also shown are the guides 57 and 56, which slide in the guides 25 in the system box 33.

[0047] In a conventional manner, a trigger guard 37 with a trigger 38 mounted therein is attached to the receiver 33, and a pistol grip 39 is preferably provided. The magazine is preferably arranged above the pistol grip 39 and is not shown in detail. The magazine is preferably arranged vertically in alignment below the ejection opening 47.

[0048] In this preferred design of the hunting or sporting weapon according to the Figures 1 to 4 The magazine is therefore arranged above the pistol grip 39 and in alignment with the ejection opening 47 on the system box 33.

[0049] In another embodiment not shown in the drawing, however, it can also be provided that a magazine (not shown in more detail) is arranged in the firing direction in front of the pistol grip 39 and is arranged above the trigger guard 37, wherein the ejection opening 47 is then also arranged above the trigger guard 37. Even in this embodiment, nothing changes with regard to the advantageous measure of the invention that in this case too, the bolt slide 46 with the forward-facing bolt head 1 defines the right side of the ejection opening 47 and the bolt head 1 can preferably be removed from its bolt-side receiving sleeve 8 in the bolt slide 46 without the need for tools.

[0050] The bolt slide 46 with the forward-facing bolt head 1 defines the left side of the ejection opening 47. This works for weapons with right- or left-hand systems.

[0051] The Figures 1 and 2 The weapon 45 shown has, in a conventional manner, a buttstock 40, which is closed at the rear by a butt plate 41. A vertically adjustable comb 42 is arranged on the buttstock 40 and can be attached to rest against the shooter's cheek. This means that the optimal shooting position for the shooter is achieved.

[0052] The Figure 1 shows detail 29 of the view in Figure 2 , where further details of the invention can be found.

[0053] The bolt head 1 can therefore be removed forwards in the direction of arrow 18 in the firing direction when the ejection opening 47 is released by moving the bolt slide 46 in the direction of arrow 18'.

[0054] As a result, the ejection opening 47 is free, and the left boundary of the ejection opening 47 is formed by the wall of the barrel receiver 30, while the right boundary is formed at least partially by the receiver sleeve 8, so that the bolt head 1 can be removed from this free space, preferably without tools, by actuating a locking button to be explained later.

[0055] The Figures 6 to 10 show the locked state of the bolt head 1 in a receiving sleeve 8, which is a part of the bolt slide 46, wherein it is also pointed out that the bolt slide 46 according to Figure 4 is guided in a weapon-side bolt guide 25, which represents the slide guide for the bolt slide 46.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is furthermore clear from the Figure 4It can be seen that the bolt housing 32, as part of the bolt slide 46, can be moved under the stock comb 42, thereby significantly shortening the usable length of the weapon. This allows for a shorter buttstock 40 because the bolt slide 46, with its bolt guide 25, extends under the stock comb 42 in the open position. This improves the weapon's maneuverability.

[0057] The locking position for the bolt head 1 according to the Figures 6 to 10is characterized in that the bolt head 1 is spring-loaded locked in the receiving sleeve 8 by means of a spring-loaded locking button. In the embodiment shown, this locking button is designed as an extractor 2, which means that the extractor 2 has a dual function: firstly, it serves to extract the cartridge from the cartridge chamber and secondly, the extractor 2 preferably serves as a two-armed locking lever for the locking lock of the bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8. For this purpose, the extractor 2, designed as a two-armed lever, is provided with an actuating surface 19 on its front lever arm, and by engaging this actuating surface with a finger, it can be lifted in the area of ​​the extractor groove 19a in the direction of arrow 12. The opposite end of the lever engages with its axially extended nose in an associated receiving groove on a locking wedge 5.Actuation occurs by downward pressure. This occurs against the force of a locking spring 10, which is located in . Figure 8 is shown. In the rest position, the locking spring 20 presses the lever end of the extractor 2 upwards, specifically in the direction 13', whereby the locking position of the locking wedge 5 in the bolt-side receiving sleeve 8 in the locking groove 28 is spring-loaded, maintained and remains secured even in the event of vibrations, in order to prevent unintentional displacement in the locked state.

[0058] According to a preferred feature of the invention, it is provided that the entire locking device for actuating the bolt head 1 is arranged in the bolt head itself and is thus removed when the bolt head 1 is removed. For this purpose, the extractor 2 is accommodated with its pivot axis 3 in the bolt head 1, so that when the actuating surface 19 is actuated in the direction of arrow 12, the locking wedge 5 is displaced downwards in the direction of arrow 13. This is the unlocked position, which in the Figures 11 to 15 is shown.

[0059] The number 9 represents the firing pin bore 9, through which the firing pin passes centrally through the bolt head 1. The helical compression spring 14 is the ejector spring 14 for the ejector 10.

[0060] Accordingly, the pin-shaped ejector 10, due to the spring force of the spring 14, ejects the cartridge held in the area of ​​the bolt head 1 from the rear after the bolt slide or chamber has been opened, whereby the cartridge is held in the extractor 2.

[0061] It should also be noted that the reference number 4 shows a groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the locking head 1, in the area of ​​which the two-armed extractor 2 is spring-loaded.

[0062] The nose of the extractor 2 engages in an associated driving groove 6 in the area of ​​the locking wedge 5.

[0063] The reference number 7 shows the driving nose of the extractor 2, which engages in the driving groove 6 of the locking wedge 5.

[0064] On the rear side of the receiving sleeve 8, a bolt handle receiving bore 17 is arranged, into which the bolt handle 31 engages in order to enable the entire displacement guide for the repeating process and the displacement of the entire unit on the bolt housing 32 and bolt slide 46 in the bolt guide 25.

[0065] At the front of the bolt head 1, locking lugs 11 are arranged in a plane, axially directed forward and spaced apart from one another, forming evenly spaced gaps around the circumference. These locking lugs 11 lock the bolt head 1 in the barrel receiver 30 (monoblock) and transfer the load of the gas charge to the bolt.

[0066] Based on the Figures 11 to 15 the unlocking is shown, whereby the unlocking direction 13 is opposite to the locking direction 13'.

[0067] Figure 11shows the top view of the unlocked bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8, and the Figures 12 to 15 show the unlocked position. It can be seen that the actuating surface 19 is raised against the spring force of the locking springs 20, whereby according to Figure 22 In a preferred embodiment, the locking springs 20 are arranged in pairs.

[0068] In the raised position according to the Figures 11 to 15 the extractor 2 pulls the locking wedge 5 downwards with its rear lever arm against the spring force of the two locking springs 20, so that according to the Figures 12 and 14 the locking wedge 5 comes out of engagement with the locking groove 28 and thus the bolt head 1 can be removed forwards in the direction of arrow 18 in the firing direction from the ejection opening 47 without tools.

[0069] It should also be noted that the ejector spring 14 is mounted in an ejector bore 15, which is part of the bolt head 1.

[0070] It is not shown in the drawing that a firing pin lock can also be arranged in the interior of the bolt head 1, which can be operated manually via a hand-operated button (not shown).

[0071] In the Figures 16 to 20 The perspective views are shown which arise when the locking head 1 is removed from the receiving sleeve 8.

[0072] It can be seen that a positionally secure and unmistakable, as well as arbitrarily non-rotatable, assignment of the bolt head 1 to the receiving sleeve 8 is always guaranteed. The bolt head can therefore only be inserted into the receiving housing in a single rotational position.

[0073] For this purpose, a driving surface 21 is formed on the front side at the rear of the cylindrical circumference of the receiving shaft 23 and a locking groove 28 for the engagement of the locking wedge 5 is arranged in the area of ​​the receiving shaft 23.

[0074] Out of Figure 16 combined with Figure 18 It can be seen that the asymmetrical receiving projection 27 forms a previously mentioned driver surface 21 and engages in the keyhole-shaped asymmetrical receiving pocket 26 at the bottom of the receiving sleeve 8. Thus, the locking head 1 can be fixed in a single installation position in the receiving housing.

[0075] Overall, the receiving sleeve 8 forms a cylindrical receiving bore 24 into which the likewise cylindrical locking head 1 is centrally inserted. The cylindrical receiving shaft 23 thus fits flush into the associated receiving bore 24 in the area of ​​the receiving sleeve 8.

[0076] Out of Figure 19It can also be seen that the locking wedge 5, in the assembled state of the bolt head 1, is positioned opposite the locking groove 22 of the receiving sleeve 8 in order to ensure mutual radial locking between the bolt head 1 and the receiving sleeve 8 on the bolt side.

[0077] The Figures 21 and 22show the locked position of the bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8, where it can be seen that the locking wedge 5 is inserted into the locking groove 22 under spring load by radially directed locking springs 20 arranged in pairs next to one another. A play can be provided to ensure smooth movement, since during firing the actual force transmission from the bolt head 1 to the bolt housing takes place via the support surfaces 53 on the rear side of the bolt lugs 11, with the support surfaces 53 resting opposite one another in a load-transmitting manner against the associated wall of the barrel receiver 30.

[0078] For this reason, the locking or latching of the bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8 of the bolt slide 46 according to the invention is not exposed to great impact forces, but only serves to simply lock and secure the position of the bolt head 1 in the receiving housing 8. The locking force only has to be sufficient to pull the fired cartridge out of the cartridge chamber and eject it from the ejection opening 47.

[0079] Because these support surfaces 53 are advantageously present six times, because six locking lugs 11 are located in the same plane, the force of the propellant charge is transferred to the bolt housing over a large area due to the large locking surface created here. Likewise, the six locking lugs result in a small opening angle of the bolt of 30°, rather than the usual opening angle of 60°. This results in a fast repeating speed that is in no way inferior to a straight-pull bolt.

[0080] It is preferred if the receiving sleeve 8 is also held in the breech housing 32 in a rotationally secured manner. For this purpose, the asymmetrical anti-rotation device 44 in the form of an asymmetrical projection engages in an associated groove in the breech housing 32, so that the receiving sleeve 8 is also held in the breech housing in a rotationally secured manner.

[0081] The Figures 21 and 22 show the locked position of the bolt head 1 with the locking springs 20, which are preferably arranged in pairs and act with great holding force on the locking wedge 5 and hold it in the radial direction in the locking groove 22 in the receiving sleeve 8 in order to avoid undesired actuation of the lock when firing.

[0082] The Figures 23 to 26show embodiments not covered by the claims, which schematically illustrate that instead of a single radially directed, spring-loaded locking with a locking wedge 5, there are also other releasable and lockable fastenings for the locking head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8.

[0083] For all alternative fastening types shown there and not covered by the claims, it is characteristic that the bolt head 1 can also be actuated from the front in the open ejection opening 47 in these embodiments in order to be able to remove and replace it easily without removing the bolt slide 46 or the chamber from the weapon.

[0084] This shows the Figure 26as a schematic example, there may also be a ball cage in which there are a number of balls evenly distributed around the circumference, which balls are pressed in the circumferential direction from the outside with a spring band 50 radially inwards into an associated circumferential annular groove 51 in the area of ​​the receiving shaft 23.

[0085] This spring-loaded ball catch can be triggered and released by pressure and / or impact on the locking head 1.

[0086] If such a spring-loaded ball catch with ball cage 49, spring band 50, and annular groove 51 is present, the further details, preferably the locking wedge 5, can of course be omitted. The extractor 2 then serves only to extract the cartridge, but does not have a dual function as in the first-mentioned embodiment.

[0087] Of course, the actuation of the locking device with the locking wedge 5 can also be carried out by a separate locking button, whereby the dual function of the extractor 2 is not utilized. In this case, the extractor 2 would be present as a first part, and next to it there would be a separate button, not shown here, which actuates the spring-loaded locking wedge 5.

[0088] In another embodiment, if the locking wedge 5 is omitted according to Figure 24 It can be provided that the receiving shaft 23 is fixed with a threaded screw connection 48 or a bayonet screw connection 52 in an associated internal receptacle in the area of ​​the receiving sleeve 8, wherein with such a type of fixing it is only necessary to ensure that a positionally and rotationally secured assignment of the locking head 1 to the receiving sleeve 8 is guaranteed.

[0089] The invention is therefore not limited to the detachable actuation of the bolt head 1 by means of the extractor 2, but other embodiments can be used within the scope of claim 1, all of which enable the bolt head 1 to be actuated from the front, to be easily removed from the opened ejection opening 47 and to be reinserted and fastened. Drawing legend

[0090] 1 Bolt head 2 Extractor 3 Pivot axis of 2 4 Groove for 2 in 1 5 Locking wedge 6 Driving groove for 2 7 Driving lug for 5 8 Receptacle for 1 9 Firing pin bore 10 Ejector 11 Locking lug 12' Locking direction (12 unlocking direction) of 2 12 Unlocking direction (13' locking direction) of 5 13 Unlocking direction (13' locking direction) of 5 14 Ejector spring 15 Ejector bore 16 View 17 Bolt handle receiving bore 18 Bolt head removal direction (18' bolt insertion direction) of 1 19 Actuating surface 19a Extractor groove 20 Locking springs for 5 21 Driving surface of 1 22 Locking groove of 8 for 5 23Shaft from 1 for 8 24Shaft bore from 8 for 1 25Bolt guide (from 46) 26Asymmetrical receiver pocket for 27 27Asymmetrical receiver shoulder for 26 28Locking groove for 5 in 8 29View 30Barrel receiver 31Bolt handle 32Bolt housing 33System box 34Scope 35Gun barrel 36Fore-end 37Trigger guard 38Trigger 39Pistol grip40Buttstock 41Buttplate 42Stock comb 43Mouth 44Anti-twist device from 8 to 32 45Overall view of weapon 46Slide (chamber) complete with bolt head 47Ejection port 48Screw connection 49Ball cage 50Spring band 51Ring groove 52Bayonet catch 53Support surface 54View of ejection port 55Detail view of 54 56Rear bolt guide 57Front bolt guide 58Bolt guide cover

Claims

1. Hunting or sports weapon having a bolt consisting of several components, which belongs to the group of cylinder or straight-pull or rotating bolts, which consists at least of one firing pin or a hammer, a firing pin spring, an extractor (2) and a bolt head (1), wherein the bolt head (1) with a holding means is received interchangeably in a bolt-side receiving sleeve (8) which is attached in a bolt slide (46) which can be displaced and locked longitudinally of the weapon, wherein the bolt head (1) is freely accessible from the front at least in firing direction when displacing the bolt slide (46) in a then released ejection opening (47) and can be removed from the bolt-side receiving sleeve (8) or can be fixed, characterised in that a locking button (2) arranged in the bolt head (1) and manually actuatable from the front side of the bolt head (1) cooperates with a locking wedge (5) which is arranged to be radially displaceable in the bolt head (1) and produces locking between the inner circumference of the receiving sleeve (8) and the outer circumference of the bolt head (1).

2. Hunting or sports weapon according to claim 1, characterised in that mounting and / or dismantling of the bolt head (1) takes place without a tool.

3. Hunting or sports weapon according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the locking button actuating the bolt head (1) is part of the extractor (2).

4. Hunting or sports weapon according to claim 3, characterised in that the locking button as a double-armed lever is configured as part of the extractor (2).

5. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the locking wedge (5) is spring-loaded and in the closed position of the bolt head (1) produces locking between the inner circumference of the receiving sleeve (8) and the outer circumference of the bolt head (1).

6. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a magazine is arranged above a pistol grip (39) and aligning with the ejection opening (47) in a system box (33).

7. Hunting or sports weapon according to claim 6, characterised in that the magazine is arranged in firing direction in front of the pistol grip (39) above a trigger guard (37), and in that the ejection opening (47) is arranged above the trigger guard (37).

8. Hunting or sports weapon according to claim 7, characterised in that the magazine is arranged in firing direction in front of the trigger guard (37), and in that the ejection opening (47) is arranged above the magazine.

9. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the bolt slide (46) with the forwardly directed bolt head (1) engages from the stock side (40, 41, 42) into the ejection opening (47) and thus the bolt head (1) can be removed from its receiving sleeve (8) in the bolt slide (46).

10. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a bolt housing (32) as part of the bolt slide (46) can be displaced below a comb (42) to shorten the length of a rear stock (40).

11. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that an ejector spring (14) is arranged in an ejector bore of the bolt head (1).

12. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a firing pin guard is arranged in the bolt head (1).

13. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that rotationally secured adjustment is present between the bolt head (1) and the weapon-side receiving housing (8).

14. Hunting or sports weapon according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the receiving sleeve (8) is also received in the bolt housing (32) in rotationally secured manner.