PUNCHING DEVICE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a punching device according to the preamble of claim 1. State of the art

[0002] Punching devices are used for the separating process of "punching" and must meet high standards of resilience, durability, and dimensional and dimensional accuracy. Punching devices are typically used to produce flat parts from various materials, such as metal, especially sheet metal, plastic, or paper or cardboard, by separating them with the aid of tool edges that act as cutting edges. In this context, the material to be processed can be fed either cyclically or continuously, intermittently. In the latter case, it is particularly common for the material to be unwound from a roll, for example, and then continuously fed to the punching device as a web.

[0003] Such a punching device comprises a machine frame and an upper part with at least one punching tool as the male part and a lower part with at least one punching tool as the female part. The upper part is arranged so as to be linearly movable relative to the machine frame and the lower part is arranged fixedly on the machine frame. In addition, there is a gap between the male part and the female part through which the material to be punched can be passed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of relative movement between the lower part and the upper part. This material can then be punched by a relative movement between the upper part and the lower part as a result of the engagement of at least one punching tool of the upper part with a punching tool of the lower part. Furthermore, each punching tool has at least one cutting element, each having at least one circumferential cutting edge.During the punching process, the upper punching tool is guided with pressure onto the material to be processed, for example by means of a hydraulic device, and then cuts through it by interacting with the lower punching tool.

[0004] Punching machines are often used in production facilities as part of a machine network, meaning other machines are installed upstream or downstream of the punching machine. The machines are coordinated in such a way that a continuous material flow is ensured, even when transferring material between machines.

[0005] During operation of the punching device, the material, usually in web form, passes through the gap between the male and female dies. For this purpose, it is fed to the punching device in web form, for example, from an upstream machine. The material is then introduced into the punching device, thus into the gap, so that the male is positioned above the material and the female is positioned below it.

[0006] To punch the material into the desired shape, the male die is guided from top to bottom toward the female die. The male and female dies have a corresponding shape so that the female die can at least substantially engage with the female die. In other words, the male die is designed such that it can at least substantially penetrate the female die or at least penetrate into it. The planes of the cutting edges of the male and female die must intersect.

[0007] If the desired shape is, for example, a circle with a certain diameter, as is required for the production of blanks for paper plates, the female mold will have a cross-section with at least substantially this diameter. Accordingly, the male mold will also have a circular cross-section, although this is very slightly smaller than the diameter of the female mold. In this way, the male mold can engage with the female mold, thus pushing into it or at least substantially through it, since the male mold is smaller than the female mold. In other words, the male mold is guided towards the material from above, makes contact with it, grips it and then pierces the female mold together with the material, so that the material is cut and / or broken through.In this process, the edges of the male and female dies move parallel to each other like two cutting edges, thus severing the material. This creates the desired punched shape, at least essentially in the shape of the male or female die. The punched-out shape is also called the slug and then falls out of the bottom of the die and is transported, for example, to a downstream machine for further processing. To separate the slug from the remaining material, a stripper can also be provided, which pushes it out when the male die is raised.

[0008] In the area where the punching tool impacts the material, it has at least one cutting element. At least this cutting element repeatedly penetrates, thus cutting or punching, the material during operation. In other words, both the die and the punch have a cutting element with which the material can be severed. The cutting elements are subjected to high forces, so they wear out over the course of their life cycle and require replacement. Regular maintenance is also necessary. The resulting downtime must be kept to a minimum.

[0009] Even when changing jobs, i.e., when a different material and / or shape is to be produced, the punching tool must be changed. This is referred to as setup time and, along with the aforementioned downtime, is a crucial cost factor.

[0010] In this context, the punching tool must be replaced as a whole, for example, to accommodate a new order or to replace or service it due to damage, particularly to its cutting element. Although modern punching devices in particular are designed so that their components, particularly the punching tools, can be assembled and disassembled, for example using a quick-release system, practice has shown that the associated work is nevertheless complicated and time-consuming, thus causing long downtimes and high costs. In particular, the precise adjustment of the male and female dies relative to each other is complex and must be repeated each time the cutting tools are changed.

[0011] If, for example, the cutting element is worn out, the entire stamping tool and its associated cutting element must be removed. A new stamping tool is then inserted, which then has to be realigned, making such a change very time-consuming.

[0012] This is due, for example, to the high demands placed on dimensional and shape accuracy. There is a minimal cutting gap between the die and the male part, which allows the male part to penetrate through the female part. Before the punching tools can be put into operation, the cutting gap and any clearance between the male part and the female part must be checked. Factors influencing the cutting gap include, for example, the strength and thickness of the material. The cutting gap is typically 2 to 5% of the material thickness. The cutting gap is usually checked using an angle gauge or height gauge. In other words, when assembling the male part and female part, care must be taken to ensure that they are precisely aligned.

[0013] A disadvantage of the aforementioned state-of-the-art technology is that exchanging the male and female dies is very complex, especially because they must be precisely aligned during assembly. This is therefore very time-consuming and costly.

[0014] From document DE 33 02 668 A1, a manually operated punch is known, for example in the form of a hole punch or a stamping die. The punch comprises a rotatably mounted actuating lever, by means of which an actuating bolt of a tool can be actuated. Furthermore, the punch has an interchangeable tool insert, beneath which a counter-tool is mounted. The interchangeable tool insert, with a hollow cylindrical support, can be placed onto a centering disc, beneath which the counter-tool is located. The tool projects downwards over the edge of the support into an opening in the centering disc. In this context, the opening of the centering disc is designed to correspond to the shape of the tool.

[0015] Document EP 3 885 085 A2 describes a punching device for cutting plastic-based film elements, such as yogurt cups. In particular, Figure 3It is clear that the punching knife is detachably connected to a bearing section of a knife carrier by means of a screw connection. The punching knife is designed to be straight.

[0016] Block punches, such as the NOVUS 025-0490, are also known for punching paper sheets. These block punches allow a large number of paper sheets to be punched simultaneously. For this purpose, the block punch features interchangeable punching tools and corresponding counterparts in the form of plastic dies.

[0017] US Pat. No. 4,829,867 describes a circular punching tool that interacts with a counter-tool. The punching tool can be used, for example, in block punches or riveting machines. The tip of the punching tool, which breaks through the material to be punched, can have various shapes.

[0018] The sheet-punching machine for filter paper for soil testing, shown in CN106 393 268 A, has two opposing cutting rings. An inner cutting ring is attached to an upper part and is designed as a male part. An outer cutting ring, in turn, is arranged on a lower part, a base of the punching machine, and is designed as a female part. Task

[0019] It is an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a punching device which is particularly easy to maintain and can thus be operated in a particularly cost-efficient and resource-saving manner. Solution

[0020] The object is achieved by a punching device according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

[0021] According to the invention, it is now provided that at least one centering element is arranged between a cutting element and a base body of the upper part or the lower part, wherein the at least one centering element and the cutting element can be fixed to one another in a form-fitting and immovable manner against movement in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the upper part and the lower part, but as an assembled unit can be displaced relative to the base body in different directions perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the upper part and the lower part and can be fixed immovably in different positions relative to the base body.

[0022] Because the at least one cutting element is detachably connected to the punching tool and / or the die, the cutting element can be replaced particularly easily if, for example, it becomes worn. Since the cutting element is detachably connected to the punching tool and / or the die, these do not need to be realigned when the cutting element is replaced, provided the cutting element is fitted into the cutting tool and / or the die with a sufficiently close tolerance. In other words, the cutting element can be replaced without having to remove or realign the entire punching tool. This has the advantage that the cutting element can be replaced particularly easily and quickly, thus saving time and cost.

[0023] In addition, the cutting edges are usually made of a particularly robust and wear-resistant material, for example hard metal. This material, and in particular its machining, is expensive. According to the prior art, at least substantially the entire punching tool is usually made of this robust material, which makes it expensive. In contrast, the design according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture only the cutting element from the robust material and the punching tool otherwise from a cheaper material. If the cutting element is replaced, for example if it is worn and / or defective, only this element is generated as waste. In contrast, according to the prior art, the entire punching tool is replaced, resulting in significantly more material in the form of waste.The invention therefore has the advantage that the punching device can be operated particularly cost-efficiently and also in a resource-saving manner.

[0024] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the upper part comprises several punching tools, each with a cutting element. This has the advantage that several shapes can be punched simultaneously, thus allowing the punching device to be operated particularly efficiently.

[0025] A further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the upper part has a carrier plate to which the plurality of cutting tools are attached in such a way that they protrude beyond the carrier plate toward the lower part. The cutting tools can advantageously be aligned particularly well in this way, since they can be aligned both relative to each other and relative to the carrier plate. This has the advantage that the cutting tools can be aligned particularly easily and precisely.

[0026] In another particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the die comprises several cutting elements. The advantages have already been mentioned.

[0027] A further advantage arises when the die has exactly one cutting element with multiple cutting edges. The cutting element can thus be formed at least essentially in one piece, which advantageously makes it particularly simple and therefore time- and cost-effective to manufacture. For the same reason, it is also particularly easy to replace in the event of a repair, for example, since only one cutting element needs to be replaced.

[0028] A further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cutting element is plate-shaped and rests flat on a carrier plate arranged parallel to it and is connected to the latter, wherein the carrier plate preferably has openings into which the cutting elements of the male part can penetrate. Because the cutting element rests flat on the carrier plate, it is in contact with it. Forces acting on the cutting element are thus initially absorbed by the latter, but can then be introduced into the carrier plate. This consequently relieves the cutting element, since the forces acting on it are at least partially absorbed by the carrier plate. In this context, it can also be provided that the cutting element is made of a particularly robust and resilient material, in particular such that it is suitable for cutting.In other words, the cutting element can be made, for example, from a hardened special steel. The correspondingly high hardness or wear resistance of the material used is accompanied, for example, by relatively low fracture strength and / or bending strength. As a result, the material used for the cutting element is usually unsuitable for absorbing forces. Thus, the carrier plate can be made from a particularly force-absorbing material so that it can absorb the forces from the cutting element particularly well. This has the advantage that the cutting element can be operated particularly gently and is therefore particularly durable. This enables particularly resource-saving and cost-efficient operation of the punching device.

[0029] The punch is also particularly advantageous when the male part has multiple cutting elements, each with a single cutting edge. In practice, this has proven to be a particularly durable design. Furthermore, the aforementioned advantage of the cutting element being particularly easy to replace results.

[0030] A further advantage arises when an outer surface of the cutting element is conical, so that a surface line—viewed in a sectional view transverse to an axial direction of the cutting element—runs at an angle to the axial direction. This creates an interface, so to speak, between the cutting element and the cutting tool, with the surface line of the cutting element at least partially describing a conical shape of the cutting element. On the one hand, this has the advantage that the cutting element can be moved particularly easily by its respective counterpart, i.e., either the die or the patrix. In other words, the cutting element "slides" particularly well into the counterpart due to its conicity. This has the advantage that the punching device can be operated particularly reliably. On the other hand, this has the advantage that the cutting element can be mounted particularly easily for the reasons mentioned above.This makes the punching device particularly easy and intuitive to operate.

[0031] According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cutting element is flush with the top surface of the punching tool. Particularly in connection with the assembly of the cutting element, this makes it particularly easy to visually check whether it is correctly installed. In other words, the cutting element is correctly installed when it is flush with the top surface of the punching tool. This results in the advantage that the punching device is particularly easy to install and also particularly safe to operate.

[0032] A further advantage arises when the punch has a parting plane between the tool and the cutting element, which is oriented perpendicular to a direction of relative movement. In practice, it has been shown that the cutting element can be detached from the tool particularly easily with this design. It is considered sufficiently intuitive to be able to detach the cutting element parallel to its relative movement. According to this design, after loosening the corresponding fastening elements, the cutting element can be pulled downwards, so to speak, and thus separated from the tool. This results in the advantage that the punch can be operated particularly intuitively and easily.

[0033] Furthermore, the punch is particularly advantageously designed if the cutting edge of at least one of the cutting elements is circumferential and self-contained. The self-contained cutting edge allows the material to be removed from the workpiece particularly cleanly and without defects. This advantageously allows for operation of the punch that is particularly resistant to errors.

[0034] A further advantage arises when the punch has a centering pin, which allows the cutting element to be clearly aligned with the punching tool, particularly with its base body. This allows the cutting element to be positioned correctly, even by an inexperienced operator. In other words, the centering pin dictates how the cutting element is to be mounted. Advantageously, this makes the punch particularly intuitive and easy to operate.

[0035] The invention is characterized by a centering element for centering the cutting element. The centering element and the cutting element are connectable to one another. The purpose of this is that the centering element can be aligned before operation begins and then specifies the position of the cutting element. It is also provided that the centering element is connectable or connected to the carrier plate by means of centering pins. In other words, it is not the cutting element itself that is aligned, but rather the centering element or the unit consisting of the cutting and centering elements, whose alignment or position determines the alignment or position of the cutting element.This has the advantage that, in the event of a replacement or maintenance, the cutting element can be replaced or serviced and then reattached to the centering element without the need for re-alignment, automatically ensuring it is correctly aligned. This advantageously enables particularly efficient operation of the punching device, particularly with regard to setup times and downtime for maintenance.

[0036] It can be provided to arrange at least one preferably annular, in particular circular, or frame-shaped centering element between a cutting element and a base body of the upper part or the lower part. In this case, the at least one centering element and the cutting element can be fixed to one another in a form-fitting and immovable manner, preventing movement in a direction perpendicular to the direction of relative movement between the upper part and the lower part. In contrast, the centering element and the cutting element, as a combined unit, can be displaced relative to the base body in various directions perpendicular to the direction of relative movement between the upper part and the lower part and can be fixed immovably in different positions relative to the base body. This has the advantage that the centering element, and thus at least indirectly the cutting element, can be aligned particularly as required.

[0037] A further advantage arises when the centering element has a centering collar. In practice, it has been shown that the cutting element is particularly securely attached to the centering element, for example, if the centering collar is circular. Furthermore, the cutting element can be easily assembled and disassembled by an operator in this way, namely by placing the cutting element on or removing it from the centering collar. This has the advantage that the punching device can be maintained particularly intuitively and easily.

[0038] According to a further embodiment of the invention, a centering recess is provided in which the centering element can be accommodated. This centering recess can, for example, be milled into the carrier plate so that the centering element can be accommodated in this centering recess. Furthermore, the centering recess is slightly larger than the centering element, allowing the centering element to be moved within the centering recess with some play and thus aligned. This has the advantage that the centering element sits particularly securely and can also be aligned with particular precision.

[0039] A further embodiment of the invention provides that the cutting elements of the upper part and / or the at least one cutting element of the lower part are ring-shaped, in particular circular, or frame-shaped. In practice, it has been shown that such a shape of the cutting element is particularly robust. This has the advantage that the punching device can be used with particularly low wear and thus in a resource-saving manner. In this context, it can also be provided that the cutting element has a "roof," i.e., that the cutting edges of the cutting element slope downwards from the inside to the outside. In other words, the gable of the "roof" coincides at least substantially with the diameter, while the individual "roofs" or "roof sides" slope downwards from there to an edge of the circular cutting element.In this way, the cutting element first comes into contact with its highest protruding point, namely the "gable." This results in the cutting element penetrating the material to be punched with a reduced contact area. In other words, the forces generated by the punching device are distributed over a relatively small contact area, resulting in a particularly high force per unit area. This advantageously allows the material to be punched to be severed particularly reliably. A further advantage is that the punching device can be operated with particularly low force expenditure, making it particularly energy-efficient. Example

[0040] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the figures. It shows: Fig. 1: a schematic perspective view of a punching tool according to the invention as a male part from above; Fig. 2: a schematic perspective view of a punching tool according to the invention as a male part from below; Fig. 3: a schematic exploded view of a punching device according to the invention from the top right; Fig. 4: a schematic exploded view of the punching device according to the invention from the bottom right; Fig. 5: a schematic exploded view of a lower part of the punching device according to the invention; Fig. 6: a schematic exploded view of a stamping tool as a female part with a cutting element; Fig. 7: a schematic perspective view and sectional view of a punching device according to a further embodiment, wherein a female part has several cutting elements; Fig. 8: a schematic detailed view of the aforementioned female part; Fig.Fig. 9: a schematic perspective view from below and a sectional view of a punching device with a male part according to another embodiment; Fig. 10: as shown. Figure 9 , but from above; Fig. 11: a schematic perspective view from above and a sectional view of a cutting element of a die according to a further embodiment; Fig. 12: a schematic exploded view of a die according to a further embodiment from above; and Fig. 13: a schematic detailed view of Figure 12 .

[0041] A punching device 1 according to the invention for punching a material 2, in particular continuous flat paper and / or cardboard webs, comprises a machine frame 3, an upper part 4 with, in this case, four punching tools 5 as a male part 6, and a lower part 7 with, in this case, four punching tools 5o each as a female part 8. The upper part 4 is arranged to be movable relative to the machine frame 3. Furthermore, the lower part 7 is arranged fixedly on the machine frame 3. Furthermore, in an open position of the punching device 1, there is an intermediate space 9 between the male part 6 and the female part 8, through which space the material 2 to be punched can be passed and can be punched by a relative movement between the upper part 4 and the lower part 7 as a result of an engagement of at least one punching tool 5o of the upper part 4 with a punching tool 5u of the lower part 7 (punching position).Each punching tool 5o, 5u has a cutting element 10a, 10b which is detachably connected to the punching tool 5o, 5u and / or to the die 8.

[0042] In this case, the upper part 4 is mounted on the machine frame 3 by means of four linear guides in the form of guide pins 17, allowing the upper part 4 to be moved up and down. Furthermore, the lower part 7 is fastened to the machine frame 3 by means of screws 16, so that it is at least essentially immobile. The guide pins 17 center the upper part 4 relative to the machine frame 3, allowing the upper part 4 to be moved with corresponding precision.

[0043] As in Figure 3As can be seen, in particular the punching tools 5 and the cutting elements 10a of the die 8 are designed as a composite. This means that although the die 8 comprises a cutting element 10c with four cutting edges 21, these are designed as a composite and in one piece. Figure 3shows, this is a thin plate which has or forms four circular cutting edges 21. The plate is made entirely of the same material, namely a tool steel. The plate is connected to a carrier plate 22 arranged underneath, which is significantly thicker than the cutting element 10b. The thin plate has a thickness of approximately 8 mm and, together with the carrier plate 22, has a thickness of approximately one inch. Accordingly, the thin plate is considerably thinner than the carrier plate 22; the thickness of the thin plate is typically approximately 30% of the thickness of the carrier plate 22. The carrier plate 22 is also made of tool steel. The thin plate is screwed and pinned to the carrier plate 22, which in turn is screwed and pinned to the machine frame 3.

[0044] The punching device 1 is suitable, for example, for producing at least substantially circular blanks for paper plates. The material 2, which may be paper webs and / or cardboard webs, is fed to the punching device 1 into a space 9 in a direction 18. This is, for example, Figure 3 This clearly shows that the material 2 is moved above the lower part 7 and below the upper part 4. In other words, the material 2 is guided between the lower part 7 and the upper part 4.

[0045] In order to punch the material 2 according to a predetermined shape, which in this case is at least essentially a circle with a certain diameter, the male die 6 is moved cyclically up and down, repeatedly penetrating the female die 8. In doing so, the male die 6, with its four cutting elements 10a, grips the material 2 and then presses it into the female die 8 with its four openings, each delimited by a circumferential cutting edge 21, so that the material is finally cut off, i.e. punched. To make this possible, the four cutting elements 10a of the male die 6 each have a diameter 15 that is very slightly smaller than the diameter 16 of the female die. The cutting elements 10a of the male die 6 can therefore at least partially penetrate into the female die 8 due to their diameter 15, which is smaller than the diameter 16 of the cutting edges in the female die.To hold the material 2 down during punching so that it does not slip or compress, a hold-down device 19 is provided, which in this case is at least substantially plate-shaped. The hold-down device 19 is spring-loaded and presses down the material 2 before the punching process, also referred to as "punching," so that it can be gripped cleanly by the punching tool 5.

[0046] In order to be able to sever the material 2, the punching tools 5o and 5u each comprise a cutting element 10a, 10b. This cutting element 10a, 10b repeatedly impacts the material 2 during punching and cuts or punches it. In particular, the punching tool 5o of the male part 6 impacts the material 2, which is supported downwards by the female part 8. The material 2 thus passes through the gap 9 in the direction 18 and thus, at least momentarily, lies at least partially on the female part 8. The punching tool 5o of the male part 6 impacts the material 2 from above, so that it contacts it at least with the cutting element 10a and thus grips it. The material 2 is then cut or pierced by the cutting element 10a, namely, in a sense, into the punching tool 5u of the female part 8. The cutting element 10a and the cutting element 10b work together.Since significant forces occur during this process, wear on the cutting elements 10a, 10b occurs over time, particularly due to abrasive effects. As a result, the cutting elements 10a, 10b must be replaced or disassembled in order to be reconditioned or replaced.

[0047] In the present case, it is intended that the cutting elements 10a, 10b are detachably attached to the male part 6 or female part 8. This is shown in the Figures 1 and 2 and especially in Figure 6 visible. In the present case, it is also provided that the cutting elements 10a, 10b are flush with an upper side 13 of the respective associated punching tool 5o, 5u.

[0048] In the Figures 1 and 2It is clearly visible that the cutting element 10a can be fastened to the punching tool 5o as the male part 6 by means of screws 16. The punching tool 5o also has a base body 20. The base body 20 has a centering element 24, in particular in the form of a centering collar, so that the cutting element 10a can be aligned therewith. As a result, the cutting element 10a is arranged on the punching tool 5 of the male part 6, in particular without play, so that it is also correctly aligned in interaction with the female part 8, i.e., the male part 6 can engage in the female part 8, thus penetrating it. This applies equally to the cutting element 10b on the punching tool 5 as the female part 8, as in Figure 3is visible. Thus, in the event of wear of the cutting element 10a, 10b, only this can be replaced by loosening the screws 16 and dismantling the cutting element 10a, 10b. In this context, the cutting element 10a, 10b is detached in particular from the base body 20 by loosening the screws 16. Using the screws 16, a new or reconditioned cutting element 10a, 10b can then be mounted without re-aligning the punching tool 5. This is due to the fact that, for example, before commissioning, the male part 6 with the individual punching tools is adjusted so that it can engage with the female part 8. Since the cutting element 10a, 10b can be mounted at least essentially free of play by means of the screws 16, the male part 6 does not need to be re-aligned afterwards.

[0049] As in Figure 2As can be seen, the cutting element 10a is conical in this case, so that a surface line 10 forms an angle 12 with an axis 11. This ensures that the cutting element 10b can slide into the die 8 to a certain extent and a free cut is guaranteed.

[0050] The Figures 7 to 13 show an alternative embodiment of the punching device 1 according to the invention. Contrary to the example in Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, the die 8 does not have one cutting element 10b with several cutting edges 21, but rather several cutting elements 10d, each having a cutting edge 21. This is particularly good in conjunction with the Figures 6 and 7 to understand. The Figure 6The plate-shaped cutting element 10b shown is thus omitted, with the cutting elements 10d being inserted at least indirectly into the carrier plate 22. In other words, instead of a (single) plate-shaped cutting element 10b, the on the carrier plate 22 and has a plurality of cutting edges 21, a plurality of cutting elements 10d are used, which in the carrier plate 22 itself.

[0051] Based on the Figures 12 and 13 It can be seen how the cutting elements 10d are arranged in the carrier plate 22. As shown in these figures, the carrier plate 22 has a centering recess 29. In addition, a centering element 24 is provided, which in this case is designed in the form of a ring and is assigned to each cutting element 10d. The Figure 12In this context, both the centering recess 29 and the centering element 24 are annular or cylindrical, respectively, in such a way that the centering element 24 can be arranged or inserted in the centering recess 29. The centering recess 29 is dimensioned just so that the centering element 24 has some play, i.e., can be moved laterally, in particular.

[0052] Figure 11 It also clearly shows that the centering element 24 has a screw receptacle 30 in which a screw head can be received. In this case, the screw receptacle 30 is designed to accommodate a countersunk head screw.

[0053] Accordingly, the support plate 22 has a plurality of screw receptacles 31 into which a screw can be received or screwed. In this way, it is possible to connect the centering element 24 to the support plate 22, namely by screwing screws through the screw receptacles 30 of the centering element 24 into the screw receptacles 31 of the support plate 22. Consequently, the centering elements 24 can be detachably arranged on the support plate 22.

[0054] The centering element 24 and the cutting element 10d each have a corresponding fit, so that they can be precisely aligned with each other. For this purpose, the centering element 24 has a centering collar 28 onto which the cutting element 10d can be precisely placed. Figure 11This is particularly clear. In other words, the cutting element 10d is at least indirectly attached to or in the carrier plate 22, namely by means of the centering element 24, which is also annular.

[0055] How particularly good in the Figures 12 and 13 As can be seen, the cutting elements 10d have four screw receptacles 32. These are arranged circumferentially at least substantially the same distance from one another, that is to say in particular at the angular circle sections 90°, 180°, 270°, and 360°.

[0056] Furthermore, the centering element 24 comprises four through-holes 33, which can be designed, for example, as through-holes or threaded holes. These are arranged at least substantially equally spaced from one another circumferentially, i.e., in particular, at the 90°, 180°, 270°, and 360° angular segments. In this way, the centering element 24 and the cutting element 10d can be aligned with one another such that the screw receptacles 32 of the cutting element 10d are located exactly above the through-holes 33 of the centering element 24. In addition, the screw receptacles 31 in the centering recess 29 of the carrier plate 22 are also arranged circumferentially at least substantially at the same distance from one another, that is to say in particular at the angular circle sections 90°, 180°, 270° and 360°, so that the screw receptacles 31 with the through openings 33 of the centering element 24 and the screw receptacles 32 of the cutting element 10d lie one above the other.In other words, a screw can be fastened through the screw receptacle 32 of the cutting element 10d, through the through-opening 33 of the centering element 24, into the screw receptacle 31 in the carrier plate. Thus, the cutting element 10d is at least indirectly fastened to or in the carrier plate 22. Furthermore, the centering element 24 is connected to the carrier plate 22 by means of centering pins. For this purpose, the centering element in the present case has two opposing centering holes 34 in which the centering pins can be arranged. While the centering element shown in . Figure 13 While the centering hole 34 at the front is clearly visible, the opposite centering hole is covered by the cutting element 10d.

[0057] To enable the cutting element 10c and the cutting element 10d to interact, the male part 6 and the female part 8 are aligned with each other in advance. Furthermore, the cutting element 10c is aligned relative to the male part 6, and the cutting element 10d is aligned relative to the female part.

[0058] For this purpose, the punching tools 5o are first inserted into the die 8. The punching tool 5o is thus arranged in the die 8, just as it is during operation, namely when the punching tool 50 of the male part 6 pierces the punching tool 5u of the die 8.

[0059] In this state, the centering element 24 can consequently be aligned within the carrier plate 22 of the die 8 and fastened such that the punching tool 5o and the centering element 24, or the cutting element 10d arranged thereon, are aligned relative to one another with as little friction as possible. For this purpose, the punching tool 5o is pulled up just high enough that it is immersed approximately 3 mm into the die 8. In this way, the cutting edge 21 of the cutting element 10c contacts the cutting edge 21 of the cutting element 10d, so that they can be or are aligned with one another. In this state, the cutting elements 10c, 10d are thus at least essentially optimally aligned with one another, so that this position is to be fixed. Accordingly, the centering element 24 is fastened to the carrier plate 22 by means of screw elements 26.Since the centering element 24 and the cutting element 10d have corresponding fits 25, a position of the cutting element 10d is thus indirectly determined by aligning the centering element 24.

[0060] The upper punching tools 5o are then fastened in the manner previously aligned and secured in relation to the die 8. For this purpose, the male part 6 is raised and rotated by means of the punching device 1 such that it is particularly easily accessible for further processing by an operator. In other words, it can be provided that the male part 6 is rotated so that an underside is accessible. In this way, the punching tools 5o can be permanently aligned relative to the male part by means of fits. The required locating holes can be produced using a magnetic drilling machine, which is placed on the underside of the male part 6 so that a hole can be drilled into the male part 6 accordingly. Locating holes also present or provided in the punching tool 5o then allow the punching tool 5o to be precisely aligned relative to the male part 6.Because the punching tool 5o is aligned relative to the male part 6, and furthermore the cutting element 10c is also precisely aligned with the punching tool 5o by the fit 25, it is ensured that the cutting element 10c is precisely positioned relative to the cutting element 10d and can thus cooperate with it. List of reference symbols

[0061] 1 Punching device 2 Material 3 Machine frame 4 Upper part 5 Punching tool 5 Punching tool 6 Male part 7 Lower part 8 Die 9 Space 10 a Cutting element 10 b Cutting element 10 c Cutting element 10 d Cutting element 10 Surface line 11 Axis 12 Angle 13 Top side 14 Diameter of punching tool male part 15 Diameter of punching tool female part 16 Screw 17 Guide pin 18 Direction 19 Hold-down device 20 Base body 21 Cutting edge 22 Support plate 23 Centering element 24 Centering element 25 Fit 26 Screw element 27 Screw element 28 Centering collar 29 Centering recess 30 Screw receptacle (centering element) 31 Screw receptacle (support plate) 32 Screw receptacle (cutting element) 33Through opening (centering element) 34Centering hole

Claims

1. A punching device (1) for punching a material (2), in particular continuous, flat paper and / or cardboard webs, comprising: - a machine rack (3), - an upper part (4) with at least one punching tool (5o) as the male die (6), - a lower part (7) with at least one punching tool (5u) as the female die (8), wherein the upper part (4) is arranged so as to be linearly movable relative to the machine frame (3), wherein the lower part (7) is fixedly arranged on the machine frame (3), wherein an intermediate space (9) is present between the male die (6) and the female die (8), through which the material (2) to be punched can be guided in a direction perpendicular to a direction of a relative movement between the lower part (7) and upper part (4), wherein the material to be punched can be stamped by the relative movement between the upper part (4) and lower part (7) as the result of at least one respective punching tool (5o) of the upper part (4) engaging with an allocated punching tool (5u) of the lower part (7), wherein each punching tool (5o, 5u) has at least one cutting element (10c, 10d) with at least one respective continuous cutting edge (21) and at least one cutting edge (21) arranged in the upper part (4) interacting with at least one cutting edge (21) arranged in the lower part as the cutting edge and counter-blade, wherein the at least one cutting element (10c, 10d) is detachably connected with the punching tool (5o, 5u), characterized in that at least one centering element (24) is arranged between a cutting element (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) and a base body (20) of the upper part (4) or of the lower part (7), wherein the at least one centering element (24) and the cutting element (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) can be positively and immovably fixed to each other against moving in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the upper part (4) and lower part (7), while on the other hand can be moved as a composite unit relative to the base body (20) in different directions perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the upper part (4) and lower part (7) and in different positions relative to the base body (20).

2. The punching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part (4) has several punching tools (5o), each having a cutting element (10c).

3. The punching device according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper part (4) has a carrier plate (22), to which the several cutting tools (5o) are secured in such a way as to protrude over the carrier plate (22) in the direction toward the lower part (7).

4. The punching device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the female die (8) comprises precisely one cutting element (10b) with several cutting edges (21).

5. The punching device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the cutting element (10b) is platelike, lies flat on a carrier plate (22) arranged parallel thereto and is connected with the latter, wherein the carrier plate (22) preferably has breakthroughs into which the cutting elements (10a, 10c) of the male die (6) can be immersed.

6. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the male die (6) has several cutting elements (10c), which each have exactly one cutting edge (21).

7. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting element (10a, c) is conical in design, so that a jacket line (10)-as viewed in a sectional view transverse to an axial direction (11) of the cutting element (10a, c)-runs at an angle (12) to the axial direction (11).

8. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting element (10a, 10c) is flush with an upper side (13) of the punching tool (5o).

9. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a partition plane between the tool and cutting element (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), wherein it is oriented perpendicular to a direction of the relative movement.

10. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting edge (21) of at least one of the cutting elements (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) is continuous and self-contained in design.

11. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a centering element (23), in particular in the form of a centering pin, by means of which the cutting element (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) can be clearly aligned with the punching tool (5o, 5u), in particular with a base body (20) of the latter.

12. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a centering element (24) for centering the cutting element (10c, 10d).

13. The punching device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the entering element (24) has a centering collar (28).

14. The punching device (1) according to claim 12 to 13, characterized in that a centering recess (29) is provided in which the centering element (24) can be held.

15. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting elements (10a, 10c) of the upper part (4) and / or the at least one cutting element (10b, 10d) of the lower part (7) are annular, in particular circular, or frame-shaped.

16. The punching device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one centering element (24) is annular, in particular circular, or frame-shaped.