TRIGGERING DEVICE AND ARRANGEMENT WITH A TRIGGERING DEVICE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a triggering device, in particular for valves of fire protection devices, hydrogen applications and the like, as well as for mechanical devices such as roll bars and pedestrian protection devices on motor vehicles, comprising a housing, an actuating rod which is mounted on or in the housing so as to be axially displaceable in and against a triggering direction, a triggering spring for pre-tensioning the actuating rod in the triggering direction, a locking device for locking the actuating rod in a pre-tensioned position against the action of the triggering spring, wherein the locking device has at least one locking element and wherein the actuating rod can be released by means of a movement of the locking element.

[0002] Actuators used to open valves are usually mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic, or a combination of these.

[0003] Release devices are used in the field of roll bars for cars, pedestrian protection for cars, safety valves, automation, quick-closing valves for hydrogen applications, release devices for fire protection systems and the like.

[0004] Especially in the field of fire protection, electromagnetic release units are predominantly used to open the valve of a reservoir filled with fire retardant. Reasons for the predominant use of electromagnetic release units include the fact that only an electrical power supply is required at the site of use and that short switching times can be achieved.

[0005] Common electromagnetic release units are constructed as holding magnets. The required release force to open the valve is stored as spring energy and held by the attractive force of the permanent magnet, the so-called holding force. Applying an electric current neutralizes the permanent magnetic field, and the stored spring energy is released. The valve opens.

[0006] To reset the system, an axially movable actuating rod is manually pushed toward the pole core of the electromagnet. The electromagnet's armature disc also moves toward the pole core, partly due to the attractive force of the permanent magnetic field. When the armature is in contact with the pole face, both the armature and actuating rod are permanently held against the pole core in the de-energized state. This is because the release force is smaller than the holding force of the permanent magnet.

[0007] The release force required to open the valve is generated by the actuating rod compressing spring elements as it moves toward the pole core. Consequently, a permanent hold of the actuating rod and armature on the pole core can only be achieved if the set spring force or release force is below the holding force of the magnetic circuit. The residual holding force, which is the difference between the holding force and the release force, indicates the level of safety against accidental release and represents the force required for emergency operation—the principle of redundancy, e.g., via an emergency manual override. Resthaltekraft = Haltekraft − Auslösekraft Auslösekraft ≙ Federkraft Haltekraft ≙ Magnetkraft Permanentmagnet

[0008] With regard to the special requirements in the field of fire protection and the characteristic design as a holding magnet, such electromagnetic release units have special features and weaknesses. 1) The available holding force of the permanent magnet cannot be fully used as the release force. 2) Proportional relationship between residual holding force and release force. With increasing residual holding force, the release force decreases, while the holding force remains constant. The three forces cannot be influenced independently of each other. 3) Due to the relationship that the residual holding force is formed from the difference between the holding force and the release force, the three forces cannot be influenced independently of each other. 4) The security against unintentional release in the event of vibrations or external acceleration is ensured by the Residual holding force defined. This Residual holding force is calculated from the difference between Holding force and Release force Consequently, the safety against vibrations or external acceleration of Holding force and Release forcedependent. 5) In order to increase the release force and residual holding force in the same ratio to a higher force level, the holding force of the permanent magnet must be increased. This is achieved by increasing the volume of the permanent magnet. Due to this volume increase, miniaturization of the entire system is not possible with increasing force levels. The increase in the size of the permanent magnet also entails an increase in the size of the coil in order to sufficiently weaken the increased magnetic force of the permanent magnet for triggering. 6) As a result of the increase in the volume of the permanent magnet described in point 5), the material costs of the system increase significantly. 7) By applying current to the coil with the correct polarity, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is weakened - the Holding force or Residual holding force decreases. The actuator is triggered. Thus, the required electrical energy depends on the interaction of Holding force, release force and residual holding force.8) The system is reset manually. This means that a person ("specialist") is required to reset the system, which involves considerable costs. Likewise, the trigger mechanism is not immediately operational after being triggered.

[0009] As quality and safety requirements increase, so does the demand for a monitoring function that detects the correct installation of the triggering device on the corresponding counterpart, e.g. a valve.

[0010] Due to the way the trigger mechanism functions by transmitting force via the actuating rod (20) with a defined stroke, it is mounted so that the actuating rod runs axially to the valve opening (330) and has a defined distance from the valve tappet. Sensors detect the correct and flush mounting of the two contact surfaces of the trigger mechanism and the counterpart, e.g., a valve.

[0011] Another reason for using a monitoring function via sensors is the regularly recurring functional tests of the actuators used to operate the triggering device, which are carried out by qualified personnel while the device is disassembled. Such a monitoring function can detect that the actuators and, if applicable, the triggering devices have been correctly reassembled after these functional tests by the qualified personnel.

[0012] A sensor can be a mechanical switch that can establish or break an electrical connection, thus providing a signal for further processing. Such mechanical switches are a standard product in the industry and, in terms of their functionality, size, and mounting position, are designed for general applications. Such standardized mechanical switches cannot, or only partially, meet specific requirements such as those required in safety technology (e.g., in the fire protection sector). No centric and axial mounting to the shaft (actuating rod) possible. No integrated function as a plain bearing, thus requiring an additional bearing. Rising costs. Potential prevention or hindrance of "emergency degassing" due to the geometry and positioning of the switch. Stroke adjustment is limited. Functionality and design cannot be customized.

[0013] From US Patent Application No. 2014 / 0270928 A1, a triggering device is known, comprising a housing, an actuating rod which is mounted in the housing so as to be axially displaceable in and against a triggering direction, a trigger spring for pre-tensioning the actuating rod in the triggering direction, and a locking device for locking the actuating rod in a pre-tensioned position against the action of the trigger spring. The locking device comprises at least one locking element, whereby the actuating rod can be released by means of a movement of the locking element. The actuating rod comprises a shoulder and the locking element is arranged so as to be movable in the radial direction relative to the actuating rod. In a locking position, the locking element engages the shoulder of the actuating rod and in a release position is arranged outside the shoulder of the actuating rod. A slider is provided.which is mounted axially displaceably in the housing and which, in a first position, blocks the at least one locking element against the shoulder of the actuating rod and, in a second position, allows movement of the locking element out of the circumferential groove or out of the recess. The locking elements are designed as balls.

[0014] From US patent US 3,563,098, another triggering device with an actuating rod is known, wherein the actuating rod can be blocked or released by means of locking elements.

[0015] Another locking element is known from European Patent Application EP 1 583 119 A2. Here, too, an actuating rod is locked or released by means of spherical locking elements.

[0016] Another triggering device with an actuating rod is known from the international patent application WO 2018 / 130275 A1, and there too, spherical locking elements block or release an actuating rod.

[0017] A valve arrangement is known from the German patent application DE 102017 123 429 A1.

[0018] An actuating device for a valve is also known from US patent US 8,398,051 B2.

[0019] A differential pressure switch for actuating a switching valve is known from the German patent application DE 102 08 920 A1.

[0020] A valve with a shape memory actuator is known from the international publication WO 2021 / 023758 A1.

[0021] US patent US 5,518,430 discloses a trigger mechanism for chemical, pyrotechnic, electrical, mechanical and pneumatic devices.

[0022] International published patent application WO 2017 / 180316 A1 discloses a pressure test device in which a shaft can be blocked or released.

[0023] The invention is intended to improve a triggering device.

[0024] According to the invention, a triggering device with the features of claim 1 is provided for this purpose. Advantageous further developments of the invention are mentioned in the subclaims.

[0025] A triggering device is provided, in particular for valves of fire protection devices, hydrogen applications and the like, as well as for mechanical devices such as roll bars and pedestrian protection devices on motor vehicles, which comprises a housing, an actuating rod which is mounted on or in the housing so as to be axially displaceable in and against a triggering direction, a trigger spring for pretensioning the actuating rod in the triggering direction, and a locking device for locking the actuating rod in a pretensioned position against the action of the trigger spring, wherein the locking device has at least one locking element and wherein the actuating rod can be released by means of a movement of the locking element. The actuating rod has a circumferential groove or a recess, and the locking element is arranged so as to be movable in the radial direction relative to the actuating rod.In a locking position, the locking element engages in the circumferential groove or the recess of the actuating rod. In a release position, the locking element is arranged outside the circumferential groove or the recess of the actuating rod. Furthermore, a slider is provided, which is mounted axially displaceably in the housing and which, in a first position, blocks the at least one locking element in the circumferential groove or in the recess of the actuating rod, and which, in a second position, enables movement of the locking element out of the circumferential groove or out of the recess.

[0026] By means of a radially movable locking element and a slider that blocks or releases movement of the locking element, a release device can be realized in which the release force is independent of the holding force. This is because the slider blocks movement of the locking element in its first position. The release force, which is applied, for example, by a spring acting on the actuating rod, is absorbed by the locking elements, which in turn are supported on the housing. The slider merely blocks the movement of the locking element out of the circumferential groove or recess of the actuating rod.The driving force or force for releasing the blocking of the locking elements is generated by an actuator and is only required to move the slide into the second position, in which the slide allows movement of the locking element out of the circumferential groove or out of the recess and in the second position of the slide, the release force can then move the actuating rod so that it can then open an associated valve or perform another function.

[0027] Secondly, the provision of a circumferential groove or a recess in the actuating rod and at least one locking element and a slider enables miniaturization of the triggering device. This miniaturization is possible despite a significant increase in the triggering force compared to conventional triggering devices. This is achieved according to the invention by providing at least one radially movable locking element which, in a position in which the actuating rod is blocked, rests on the actuating rod on the one hand and on a suitable support surface on the housing on the other. The slider then releases movement of the at least one locking element in a radially outward direction. As a result, the locking element moves out of its position between the actuating rod and the support surface on the housing, and the actuating rod can move in the triggering direction.The actuating rod can be returned to its initial position, in which its movement is blocked, either manually by simply pushing it back or by means of suitable actuators.

[0028] In a further development of the invention, the circumferential groove or the recess has a rear side wall as seen in the release direction, wherein the rear side wall opens obliquely radially outwards in order to press the locking element in the locking position both in the release direction and in a direction radially outwards.

[0029] Such a design of the rear side wall promotes very rapid displacement of the at least one locking element radially outward as soon as the slide has released the locking element. This allows for very short switching or reaction times of the triggering device according to the invention.

[0030] In a further development of the invention, the slide surrounds the actuating rod and is mounted so as to be displaceable in the axial direction of the actuating rod.

[0031] In this way, a very compact triggering device can be realized that is also suitable for very high triggering forces.

[0032] In a further development of the invention, the housing has a locking element guide, e.g. a ball guide, wherein the actuating rod is mounted in or on the locking element guide so as to be axially displaceable and the slider is mounted in or on the locking element guide so as to be axially displaceable.

[0033] Such a locking element guide, for example, provides a channel for movement of the locking elements and, at the same time, the locking element guide provides a support surface of the housing against which the locking elements can rest when the actuating rod is in the locked position. The at least one locking element then rests on a side wall of the circumferential groove or recess in the actuating rod and, on the other hand, also on a support surface on the locking element guide.

[0034] In a further development of the invention, the locking element guide has at least one transverse bore in which the locking element can move between the locking position and the release position.

[0035] Such a cross-bore forms a channel for the movement of a locking element and ensures reliable guidance of the locking element and at the same time provides a support surface.

[0036] In a further development of the invention, the slide is preloaded into the first position by means of a return spring.

[0037] When the actuating rod is pushed back, the slide automatically returns to its original position, allowing the locking elements to be moved back into the circumferential groove or recess of the actuating rod. By simply pushing the actuating rod back, either manually or using an actuator, the release mechanism can be returned to its operational state.

[0038] In a further development of the invention, the slide has a circumferential groove or recess open towards the actuating rod, in which the at least one locking element is at least partially received in the release position.

[0039] This ensures that the locking element is securely guided even in the release position. This facilitates the return of the triggering device, and in particular the locking element, to the ready-to-operate position, in which the at least one locking element is again at least partially received in the circumferential groove or recess of the actuating rod.

[0040] According to the invention, the at least one locking element is designed as a roller or ball.

[0041] Rollers or balls are available cost-effectively in very precise designs with tight tolerances and are highly pressure-resistant. Using rollers or balls as locking elements, very high release forces can be achieved. Furthermore, the design of the locking elements as rollers or balls eliminates the risk of jamming when moving from the locking position to the release position.

[0042] In a further development of the invention, at least two locking elements are provided which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction around the actuating rod.

[0043] This ensures even loading of both the operating rod and the slide, and if applicable, the locking element guide. This eliminates the risk of jamming due to one-sided loading of the operating rod.

[0044] According to the invention, a first actuator is provided for moving the slider from the first position to the second position in order to trigger the triggering device.

[0045] To trigger the triggering device, such an actuator must apply a force that is only sufficient to move the slide from the first position to the second. However, this force for moving the slide or triggering the triggering device is independent of the triggering force of the triggering device, i.e., the force with which the actuating rod is then moved, for example, to trigger a valve of a fire protection device.

[0046] According to the invention, the first actuator comprises a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

[0047] In this way, proven actuators, such as so-called holding magnets, can be used, which can be driven very easily using electrical energy.

[0048] In a further development of the invention, the first actuator has a component made of a shape memory alloy.

[0049] Shape memory alloys are special metals that can exist in two different crystal structures. They are also called memory metals. Components made of shape memory alloys can assume a first shape and then shorten to a second shape when heated. This is known as the two-way effect, whereby the transition between the two forms occurs through temperature changes or mechanical stress. Heating of a component made of a shape memory alloy can occur, for example, through ohmic heating, i.e., by conducting a current through the component. Such actuators with components made of shape memory alloys are extremely reliable and can generate comparatively high driving forces.

[0050] According to the invention, the first actuator has an armature component which is arranged and designed such that, starting from a starting position, it travels an acceleration distance until the slider in the first position is acted upon.

[0051] In this way, the armature component can initially be accelerated, allowing it to apply a high impulse to the slide. The kinetic energy of an armature component driven by the actuator is utilized. For example, the armature component of an electromagnet can be accelerated. After a certain acceleration distance, the impulse of the armature component is then high enough to move the slide from the first position to the second position, thus triggering the release mechanism.

[0052] According to the invention, the actuating rod can be moved counter to the triggering direction until the armature component is in the starting position.

[0053] The actuating rod can, for example, perform a so-called overtravel. This means that the actuating rod can push the armature component back until it is in a starting position. The actuating rod itself is then moved back a bit, for example, by means of the release spring, until it is in the locked position. This ensures that the armature component has a certain acceleration distance before it acts on the slide to move it from the first position to the second position.

[0054] In a further development of the invention, a second actuator is provided for moving the actuating rod into the pre-tensioned position.

[0055] This eliminates the need to manually reset the release mechanism. A second actuator moves the actuating rod back until it is once again in the locked, pre-tensioned position. The second actuator can also be used to perform the overtravel. The release mechanism can thus be returned to an operational state very quickly using the second actuator.

[0056] In a further development of the invention, the second actuator has a component made of a shape memory alloy.

[0057] In a further development of the invention, at least one of the components of the first actuator and / or the second actuator is formed from a shape memory alloy as a wire.

[0058] Wires made of shape memory alloys are very well suited as actuators because they require little space and operate reliably.

[0059] In a further development of the invention, means are provided for applying an electric current to the wire.

[0060] In this way, the wire or wires can be heated easily.

[0061] In a further development of the invention, a sensor module is provided for monitoring the correct assembly of the triggering device on a counterpart, in particular on a valve.

[0062] This allows automatic and repeated monitoring of whether the triggering device is correctly installed. For example, a functioning triggering device is of no use if it is not installed correctly.

[0063] In a further development of the invention, the sensor module has a mechanical switch arranged concentrically to the actuating rod.

[0064] By means of a mechanical switch arranged concentrically to the actuating rod, a triggering device that is miniaturized compared to conventional triggering devices can be realized.

[0065] In a further development of the invention, the sensor module has a pressure piece which is intended to bear against the counterpart and which has a plain bearing bore for the actuating rod.

[0066] The pressure piece thus performs both a detection function by resting against the counterpart, such as a valve, and thereby detecting the correct position of the triggering device. The pressure piece can then, for example, trigger the mechanical switch. Furthermore, the pressure piece acts as a bearing point for the actuating rod. This allows the actuating rod to be guided precisely and mounted smoothly.

[0067] In a further development of the invention, the pressure piece is provided for opening or closing an electrical contact.

[0068] In a further development of the invention, an end face of the pressure piece intended for contact with the workpiece is provided with recesses for discharging pressurized gas or pressurized liquid.

[0069] If the actuating device is designed to actuate valves that convey pressurized gas or liquid, excess pressure may still exist between the actuating device and the valve after the valve is closed. Such excess pressure can then be reliably dissipated via recesses, such as grooves.

[0070] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings. Individual features of the various illustrated and described embodiments can be combined with one another without exceeding the scope of the invention.

[0071] The drawings show: Fig. 1 a sectional view of the locked state of a triggering device according to a first embodiment, Fig. 2 a sectional view of the triggered state of the triggering device of the Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 a sectional exploded view of the triggering device of the Fig. 1 , Fig. 4 a sectional view of a triggering device according to a second embodiment, locked state, with magnetic first actuator, Fig. 5 a sectional view of the triggering device of the Fig. 4, triggered state, with magnetic first actuator, Fig. 6 a sectional view of the triggering device of the Fig. 4 , tensioned state with overtravel of the actuating rod, with magnetic first actuator, Fig. 7 a sectional view of a triggering device according to a third embodiment, locked state, with magnetic first actuator and reset via second actuator with FGL drive, Fig. 8 a sectional view of the triggering mechanism of the Fig. 7 , triggered state, with magnetic first actuator and reset via second actuator with FGL drive, Fig. 9 a sectional view of the trigger mechanism of the Fig. 7 , tensioned state with overstroke of the actuating rod, with magnetic first actuator and reset via second actuator with FGL drive, Fig. 10 a sectional exploded view of a sensor module (NC) according to a second embodiment, Fig. 11 a sectional view of the sensor module (NC) of the Fig. 10including actuating rod in the unassembled state, Fig. 12 a sectional detailed view of the sensor module (NC) of the Fig. 11 in the unassembled state, Fig. 13 a sectional view of the sensor module (NC) of the Fig. 10 including actuating rod in assembled state, Fig. 14 a sectional detailed view of the sensor module (NC) of the Fig. 13 in the assembled state, Fig. 15 a sectional view of the triggering device according to Fig. 1 with the sensor module (NC) Fig. 10 , Fig. 16 an isometric view of the sensor module from Fig. 10 , Fig. 17 a sectional detailed view of a sensor module (NO) according to a further embodiment in the unassembled state and Fig. 18 a sectional detailed view of a sensor module (NO) according to a further embodiment in the assembled state.

[0072] In the triggering device according to the invention, a decoupling is implemented between a drive acting on the actuating rod and ultimately intended for a triggering process, for example, the triggering of a valve, and another drive required to trigger the triggering device. The force required to trigger the triggering device can be provided, for example, by means of a drop weight, a lifting magnet, a holding magnet with a permanent magnet, a motor, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, or even a drive based on shape memory alloys.

[0073] Fig. 1 represents a triggering device according to the invention, wherein the drive for triggering the triggering device is not shown.

[0074] Fig. 1represents the locked state of the release device. In this state, the actuating rod (20), which has a circumferential groove (23) with angled end faces (21), is held in the locking element guide or ball guide (10) via at least one locking element (40), such as a ball. The locking elements (40) are guided in the transverse bores (11), at least one transverse bore or, depending on the number of locking elements (40), in the ball guide (10). In the locked state, the actuating rod (20) rests against the locking elements (40) via the circumferential groove (23). The angled end face (21) of the circumferential groove (23) presses the locking elements (40) in the transverse bores (11) of the ball guide (10) outwards. However, a displacement of the locking elements (40) in the axial direction or radially outwards does not take place, since their movement is blocked by the guide surface (31) of the slide (30).The actuating rod (20) is thereby protected against movement in the triggering direction, in . Fig. 1 to the right, locked.

[0075] The release spring (60) lies between the spring seat (81) of the spring plate (80) and the spring seat (16) of the ball guide (10). The spring plate (80) is pressed against the spring seat (22) of the actuating rod (20) by the spring force of the release spring (60) and the return spring (50), which moves within the release spring (60). Due to the locking of the actuating rod (20) and its unilaterally blocked linear movement, the release spring (60) and the return spring (50) are preloaded.

[0076] To trigger the triggering device, a Fig. 1A rightward-directed driving force acts on the release elements (70), which are mounted axially displaceably in bores (13) of the ball guide (10) running parallel to the actuating rod (20), so that they are pressed against the slide (30). The slide (30) is mounted axially displaceably on the ball guide via the guide surfaces (31) (14) and is pressed against the contact surface (17) of the ball guide (10) by the return spring (50), which is guided on the spring seat (33) of the slide (30). As a result of the driving force acting on the release elements (70), these press on the slide (30), and the slide (30) performs a linear movement in the direction of the spring plate (80), in Fig. 1i.e. to the right. The locking elements (40), which are guided in the transverse bores (11) of the ball guides (10), are blocked in their movement until the circumferential groove (34) of the slide (30) is partially or completely aligned with the axis of the transverse bores (11). Due to the spring preload, the actuating rod (20) presses the locking elements (40) into the transverse bores (11) via the angled end face (21) of the circumferential groove (23). The angled end face of the circumferential groove 21 is directed obliquely outwards, so that the angled end face in Fig. 1 The adjacent locking elements 40 or balls are pushed outwards at an angle. The locking elements 40 are Fig. 1 thus both in the axial direction of the actuating rod 20, in Fig. 1 to the right, as well as radially outwards, in Fig. 1i.e. downwards or upwards. The locking elements (40) move in the direction of the circumferential groove (34) of the slide (30) and press the slide (30) further towards the spring plate (80) until the locking elements (40) rest against the inner diameter of the groove (34). In this state, the locking elements (40) no longer touch the end face (21) of the circumferential groove (23) of the actuating rod (20). The actuating rod (20) is unlocked and, due to the spring force of the release spring (60) acting on it, performs a linear movement in the release direction, in Fig. 1 to the right. The actuating rod 20 can then, for example, open a valve.

[0077] Fig. 2represents the triggered state of the trigger mechanism. The locking elements 40 now rest on the outer circumference of the actuating rod outside the groove 23. The locking elements are partially accommodated in the transverse bore of the locking element guide or ball guide. Furthermore, the locking elements 40 are partially located in the circumferential groove 32 of the slide 31.

[0078] To activate the triggering device based on the state of the Fig. 2 back into the tense state of Fig. 1 To move back, the operating rod 20 must be in Fig. 2 to the left, i.e. opposite to the release direction, until the groove 23 of the actuating rod comes to lie radially within the locking elements 40. The locking elements can then move back into the circumferential groove 23 of the actuating rod 20 and thereby release the slide 31. The slide is then returned to the position shown in Fig. 1The circumferential groove 32 of the slide 31 is then no longer located radially outside the locking elements 40, so that these, see Fig. 1 , are locked against radially outward movement. In addition, the locking elements 40 are located in the transverse bore of the ball guide or locking element guide. The locking elements 40 are supported in the Fig. 1 In the position shown, it rests on the one hand on the end face 21 of the circumferential groove 23 of the actuating rod 20 and on the other hand on the side surfaces of the transverse bores 11 in the locking element guide or ball guide 10 of the housing. The actuating rod is thus again protected against movement in the release direction, in Fig. 1 i.e. to the right, locked. When the operating rod 20 is pushed back from the state of Fig. 2 in the state of Fig. 1 the force of the release spring 60 and the return spring 50 must be overcome.

[0079] Fig. 3 shows an exploded view of the triggering device of the Fig. 1 and 2 .

[0080] Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of the triggering device according to the invention. The triggering device of the Fig. 1 is in Fig. 2 combined with a first actuator in the form of a holding magnet. The holding magnet provides a drive for the triggering elements 70 of the triggering device of the Fig. 1 to 3 represents.

[0081] Fig. 4shows the locked state of the release mechanism, in conjunction with a holding magnet as the drive. This holding magnet forms a magnetic circuit via the coil housing (90), the armature (110), and at least two ring segments of the permanent magnet (120). In the locked state, the armature (110) rests against the contact surface (91) of the coil housing (90) and is held de-energized to this contact surface by the directed permanent magnetic field. In this state, the drive spring (130), which is guided between the coil housing (90) and the armature (110), is preloaded with the force required to release the release mechanism.

[0082] The emergency hand bolt (150), which is mounted axially displaceably in the coil housing (90), can, in an emergency, transmit an externally applied force, e.g., muscle force, to the armature (110) and move it toward the triggering elements (70). If the triggering elements (70) are also displaced axially, the triggering device is triggered.

[0083] It is in Fig. 4 to recognize that between the Fig. 4 right front side of the anchor component 110 and the Fig. 4 left-hand end faces of the trigger elements (70). Therefore, before the armature component (110) hits the trigger elements (70) after triggering in its movement to the right, i.e. in the triggering direction, it is first accelerated. Upon impact with the trigger elements (70), the armature component (110) has already been accelerated by the effect of the drive spring (130) and has an impulse which is then sufficient to suddenly move the trigger elements (70) and thus also the slide (31) in the triggering direction, in Fig. 4 i.e. to the right.

[0084] Fig. 5represents the triggered state of the release mechanism, in conjunction with a holding magnet as the drive. By applying current to the coil (100) with the correct polarity, the permanent magnetic field is weakened or neutralized. In this energized state, the spring preload of the drive spring (130) is greater than the residual holding force of the magnetic circuit. The armature (110) moves abruptly towards the locking elements (70) and presses them with the slide (30) towards the spring plate (80). The release mechanism is activated and the actuating rod (20) is released and can move in the release direction, driven by the release spring (60). Fig. 4 so to the right.

[0085] To re-tension the first actuator, which is designed as a holding magnet, and to reset the triggering direction, the armature (110) must be pressed back against the contact surface (91) of the coil housing (90) in the de-energized state. This process can only be achieved by overtraveling the actuating rod (20) in the opposite direction to the triggering direction.

[0086] Fig. 6 represents this reset process. The actuating rod (20) is pressed by an external force, for example by hand, towards the armature (110), in Fig. 6. to the left. If the angled groove end face (21) of the actuating rod (20) has moved beyond the transverse bores (11) of the ball guide (10), the locking elements (40) move radially inward into the groove (21) and release the slide (30). The return spring (50) pressed the slide (30) against the release elements (70). However, the linear movement of these release elements (70) is blocked by the armature (110) resting on the ball guide (10). Due to the spring elements (50) and (60) and the elongated groove (21) of the actuating rod (20), the rod can achieve a certain overstroke. This is possible because the circumferential groove is longer in the axial direction of the actuating rod than the locking elements (40). A recess can also be provided instead of the circumferential groove. The externally applied force can move the actuating rod (20) beyond its regular locking position (as shown in Fig. 4shown). The armature (110) is pressed by the actuating rod (20) against the contact surface (91) of the coil housing (90) and held in this position by the permanent magnetic field. In this position, the slide (30) is pressed by the return spring (50) against the guide surface (14) of the ball guide (10). The locking elements (40) now lie in the circumferential groove (23) and on the guide surface (31) of the slide. The release mechanism is locked. If the external force is removed, only the actuating rod (20) moves again in the release direction, in Fig. 6 to the right until the groove end face (21) of the actuating rod (20) rests against the release elements (40). This is the locked state, as shown in Fig. 4 shown, again.

[0087] Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a triggering device according to the invention. In Fig. 7 is the triggering device of the Fig. 4combined with a second actuator, which uses the Fig. 4 to 6 described reset device of the operating rod and the first actuator. The triggering device of the Fig. 7 is combined with a holding magnet, which is already Fig. 4 to 6 and which represents a first actuator for triggering the triggering device. A second actuator is realized by means of several wires 210 made of shape memory alloy, which are attached to a wire adapter 190 or 200 by means of crimp contacts 170. The Fig. 7 The wire adapter 200 shown on the left, or fastening device, is fixed relative to the surroundings. Fig. 7 It is indicated that the wire adaptation 200 is blocked against movement to the right.

[0088] The wire adapter 190, however, is displaceable in the axial direction of the actuating rod 20. The wire adapter 190 is spring-loaded in the release direction, in Fig. 7 i.e., to the right. This also tensions wires 210 in the triggering direction.

[0089] Contact bridges 180 serve to apply an electric current to the wires 210.

[0090] Fig. 7 shows the trigger mechanism in the cocked and locked state, as shown in Fig. 4 is shown.

[0091] Based on the Fig. 7 The condition shown can be seen from the Fig. 4 and 5 explained, the triggering device is activated or triggered, so that the operating rod then moves in the triggering direction, in Fig. 7 i.e. to the right.

[0092] This state of the triggering device, which corresponds to the state of the Fig. 5 corresponds to, is in Fig. 8 Based on the state of the Fig. 8 The trigger mechanism must then be tensioned again in order to Fig. 7 to reach the state shown.

[0093] This is done, as shown by the Fig. 4 to 6 explained, by means of an overstroke of the actuating rod 20. This overstroke of the actuating rod 20 is used in the triggering device of the Fig. 7 to 9 by the second actuator with the shape memory alloy wires 210.

[0094] Based on the state of the Fig. 8 The wires 210 are subjected to an electric current and thereby heat up. The shape memory alloy wires 210 shorten as a result and move the wire adapter 190 from the Fig. 8 shown position opposite to the release direction, in Figs. 8 and 9 to the left. The wire adapter 190 thereby tensions the release spring 60 of the release mechanism. The wire adapter 190 moves against the release mechanism until the Fig. 9 left end of the actuating rod 20 has pushed the armature component 110 back into its starting position, according to the Fig. 6 described starting position.

[0095] In the Fig. 9 In the position shown, the current flow through the wires 210 is switched off. The wires 210 expand again due to the pulling effect of the spring 220. The actuating rod 220 can therefore also move a little way in the triggering direction until the state of Fig. 7 is reached.

[0096] The triggering device of the Fig. 7 to 9 can thus be triggered by an electrical signal and also based on the triggered state of the Fig. 8 by means of an electrical signal or in connection with an electrical power source back into the tensioned state of the Fig. 7 This eliminates the need for an operator to manually reset the device.

[0097] The triggering device according to the invention has, among other things, the following advantages: 1) For a valve of the same size as a known release device, the release force is 2-3 times higher. This means that the valve tappet of a valve to be opened can be made larger. This reduces the cost of the valve and increases its strength. 2) This release mechanism is decoupled from the actual drive that is intended to activate the release mechanism. The force required to activate the release mechanism, which acts axially on the release elements (70), is provided by the force output of the drive, the so-called drive force. This drive can be, for example, a drop weight, a lifting magnet, a holding magnet with a permanent magnet, a motor, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, or, for example, a drive based on shape memory alloys. 3) Compared to known release devices, the release force can be increased despite the miniaturization of the system due to the decoupling of the drive from the release mechanism.4) As a result of the decoupling, non-magnetic materials such as aluminum or stainless steel can be used as the periphery of the release mechanism, which greatly improves corrosion and acid resistance. Use in the food or chemical industries is therefore possible and new applications and markets can be opened up. 5) The release force is independent of the drive force. 6) In particular, the internal locking by means of the slide (30) and the return spring (50), which is arranged inside the release spring (60), results in the system being miniaturized. 7) By using magnetic and non-magnetic materials for the ball guide (10), the drive force required to activate the release mechanism can be influenced. The displacement-force characteristic curve can be specifically influenced.8) The friction force exerted by the locking elements (40) on the slide (30) can be influenced by adjusting the angle on the end faces of the groove (21) in the actuating rod (20). This allows the force required to activate the release mechanism to be precisely adjusted. The same applies to the angle on the end faces of the groove in the slide (30). 9) The adjustments described in point 8) can also be used to improve the system's sensitivity to external accelerations or vibrations. 10) The drive is reset using the overtravel of the actuating rod (20). Due to the spring elements (50) and (60) and the elongated groove (21) in the actuating rod (20), the rod can perform a certain overtravel, i.e., be moved beyond its position in the tensioned state. No disassembly between the release mechanism and drive is necessary for resetting.An integrated design and miniaturization of the entire system is possible. 11) As a result of miniaturization, the mass of the armature has been reduced by 2 / 3 compared to known tripping devices, which also minimizes sensitivity to external accelerations by 2 / 3 compared to conventional systems. 12) Due to the special design, only one pole face is required for the magnetic circuit. 13) Unlocking of the tripping mechanism, i.e. force introduction via tripping elements (70), takes place outside the tripping mechanism. This makes it possible to decouple the drive and tripping mechanism. 14) To reduce or eliminate the risk of unintentional tripping due to external accelerations or vibrations, a locking rocker can also be mounted, which blocks the movement of the slide (30) in the event of external accelerations.15) Automated resetting via FGL drive (drive using shape memory alloy components) (. Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) is possible. Due to the characteristic that shape memory wires shorten when heated, a linear drive can be created that can be used to automate the resetting of the release mechanism and the release drive. This eliminates the need for manual resetting of the system by a person. The shape memory wires can be heated by an electric current flowing through the shape memory wires. 16) By using an SMA drive to reset the system, the entire system can be miniaturized. Other drives such as electromagnetic drives, motors, pneumatic or hydraulic drives require a space that is many times larger for the same amount of work that the SMA drive in this design applies for resetting.17) The hybrid design, in which the electromagnetic drive is used to activate the release mechanism and the SMA drive is used to reset both the release mechanism and the electromagnetic drive, combines the advantages of both systems. To ensure that the system is triggered in milliseconds, the electromagnetic drive is used to activate the release mechanism, as this has switching times in the millisecond range. Resetting the entire system requires a large stroke and very high forces, which the reset drive can apply via SMA wires. 18) To further miniaturize the system, it is possible to implement both the triggering and resetting of the release mechanism using the SMA drive, without using an additional drive. This further reduces both costs and size.19) By adjusting the diameter of the shape memory wires, the switching time, electrical energy, service life, and force range of the system can be specifically adjusted to suit the application or customer's requirements without changing the size. 20) Due to the change in the electrical resistance of SMA wires during the heating or cooling process, this effect can be used for position detection or status detection. This makes it possible to detect whether the release mechanism is tensioned or whether it has been triggered. It can also be determined whether the plunger has completed its full stroke. 21) As a result of point 20, an additional sensor is not necessarily required. This saves costs and allows the system to be further miniaturized. However, within the scope of the invention, a sensor module can be provided to detect whether the assembly is correct or incorrect.

[0098] The Fig. 10 to 18show a triggering device according to a further embodiment of the invention. According to this further embodiment, the triggering device is provided with a sensor module that detects the correct mounting of the triggering device on an object, in particular a valve.

[0099] Fig. 10 shows an exploded view of the sensor module.

[0100] Fig. 11 shows the sensor module with the actuating rod (20) in the unmounted state on an object, for example a valve (330). Fig. 12 shows a detailed view Fig. 11 It can be seen that if the unit is not mounted or not mounted correctly, Fig. 11an electrical contact exists between contact pins (290) and a contact ring (260). As long as this electrical contact exists, a current can flow through the contact pins 290 and the contact ring (260). This can be used to detect a not yet mounted state of the triggering device. The Fig. 10 to 14 The embodiment shown is referred to as normally closed (NC). When not mounted, the switch formed by the contact ring (260) and the contact pins (290) is closed.

[0101] Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 then show the correctly mounted state of the triggering device. As shown in the detailed view of the Fig. 14As can be seen, the contact ring (260) and the contact pins (290) are spaced apart from each other in this correctly mounted state. The correctly mounted state of the tripping device can thus be detected by an interruption in the current flow between the contact ring (260) and the contact pins (290). This design is referred to as "normally closed" (NC).

[0102] Fig. 15 shows the triggering device of the Fig. 1 with the sensor module of the Fig. 10 to 14 .

[0103] Fig. 16 only shows the sensor module of the Fig. 10 to 14 in a view from the front. In Fig. 16Several recesses (314) can be seen in the front surface of the sensor module. These recesses (314) are suitable as degassing grooves. If pressurized gas or pressurized liquid escapes into the space between the valve and the sensor module after a valve is opened, the recesses (314) can ensure that the pressurized gas or liquid is discharged to the outside.

[0104] The Figs. 17 and 18 show a sensor module in which, when not mounted, there is no electrical contact between the contact ring (260) and the contact pins (290). This design is referred to as "normally open" (NO). Consequently, when the triggering device is not mounted, no current can flow through the contact pins (290) and the contact ring (260), allowing the non-mounted state to be detected.

[0105] Fig. 17Indicates that the release mechanism is not or incorrectly installed. There is a gap between the contact pins (290) and the contact ring (260).

[0106] Fig. 18 Indicates the correctly installed state of the tripping device. The contact ring (260) rests against the contact pins (290), allowing a current to flow between the contact ring (260) and the contact pins (290).

[0107] According to Fig. 11the bearing ring (230) is firmly connected to the screw connection (320) so that the contact carrier (270) is held in a defined position in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. Two electrically conductive contact pins (290) are inserted into this contact carrier (270), which consists of a non-conductive material, to each of which a stranded wire (280) is soldered. The two contact pins (270) are positioned parallel to one another and are the same distance from the axis of the through-bore of the contact carrier (270). The electrically conductive contact ring (260), which is located to the left of the contact pins (270), is pressed onto the two contact pins (290) by means of the contact spring (250), which is supported on the bearing ring (230) via the insulating disk (240).

[0108] The contact ring (260) and contact spring (250) are guided axially displaceably via the sensor bearing (310), which consists of a non-electrically conductive material.

[0109] Due to the contact between the contact ring (260) and the two contact pins (290), a closed circuit is created that can be used for the monitoring function. The resulting mechanical switch is normally closed ( Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 ). A diagnostic current for the monitoring function can be conducted via the externally accessible wires (280).

[0110] The closed circuit can be interrupted via the switch bearing (310), which has both external bearing surfaces (312) and internal bearing surfaces (313). The switch bearing (310) is mounted axially displaceably in the screw connection (320) and is pressed to the right against the screw connection (320) by the switch spring (300), which is supported on the contact carrier (270). The switch bearing (310) protrudes a defined distance above the screw connection (320). Due to the through-bore in the contact carrier (270), axial movement of the switch bearing (310) is not impeded by the contact carrier (270).

[0111] If the switch bearing (310) is pushed to the left by an externally applied force, which occurs, for example, during assembly, it takes the contact ring (260) with it after a defined idle stroke via its driver step (311) during its left-directed axial movement and lifts it off the two contact pins (290). A movement of the switch bearing (310) to the left occurs at most until the right end face of the switch bearing (310) is flush with the right end face of the screw connection (320). The electrical circuit is interrupted and the switch is open. No diagnostic current can flow ( Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 ).

[0112] If the tripping device is removed again, the switch bearing (310) is pushed to the right again by the switch spring (300), and the contact ring (260) is pressed against the two contact pins (290) by the contact spring (250). The circuit is closed again.

[0113] The switching stroke required to lift the contact ring (260) and interrupt the circuit is determined by the distance between the contact ring (260) and the driver step (311), the so-called idle stroke, and a defined overstroke. The sum of the idle stroke and overstroke, the so-called switching stroke, determines the distance between the switch bearing (310) and the screw connection (320) in the disassembled state.

[0114] The case described above represents the operation of a switch that is normally closed (NC).

[0115] Figs. 17 and 18 show a switch that is normally open (NO).

[0116] In order to create a switch that is normally open, the contact ring (260) is positioned only to the right of the two contact pins (290). If the switch bearing (310) is pushed to the left by an externally applied force, which occurs, for example, during assembly, it takes the contact ring (260) with it via its driver step (311) after a defined idle stroke during its left-directed axial movement, max. flush with the screw connection (320), and presses it against the two contact pins (290). The electrical circuit is closed. The switch is closed and a diagnostic current can flow ( Fig. 17 and Fig. 18). To ensure electrical contact between the contact ring (260) and the two contact pins (290) even in the event of misalignment or a certain amount of play, the driver step (311) presses onto the contact ring (260) via a resilient element (e.g., an elastomer, a spring) (340). This resilient element (340) can compensate for a certain amount of misalignment or play.

[0117] The triggering device with sensor module according to the invention has further advantages: 1) Central and axial positioning of the switch relative to the actuating rod (20) without preventing or restricting the freedom of movement of the force-transmitting actuating rod (20). 2) Due to the function and design of the switch or system, the switch can be used as a bearing point. The switch bearing (310) serves as a plain bearing for the actuating rod (20). Any transverse forces that occur are transferred from the actuating rod (20) to the screw connection (320) via the external and internal bearing surfaces (312) (313) of the switch bearing (310). 3) Due to the integral design (see point 2), the entire actuator can be further miniaturized. Likewise, additional components (e.g. plain bearings) are no longer required, which reduces costs. 4) Due to the recesses (314) on the front side of the switch bearing (310), degassing between the actuator and the counterpart (e.g. valve) is not interrupted or hindered. ( Fig. 16) 5) A certain misalignment and tolerance-related play can be compensated for using the spring element (340). Likewise, a certain compensation of the contact pressure between the contact ring (260) and the two contact pins (290) can be achieved. 6) A certain compensation of the contact pressure between the contact ring (260) and the two contact pins (290) can be achieved using the spring element (340). 7) Switching strokes can be adapted to customer specifications. 8) Improvement of the friction coefficient between the actuating rod (20) and the switch bearing (310) to optimize the triggering forces of the trigger mechanism ( Fig. 15 ) through selected material pairings 9) The switch can be used for the output state normally closed (NC) as well as for normally open (NO). List of reference symbols:

[0118] (10) Ball guide or locking element guide (11) Cross hole on ball guide (12) Guide hole on ball guide (13) Hole parallel to the guide hole (14) Guide surface for slide on ball guide (15) Contact surface for drive on ball guide (16) Guide surface for release spring on ball guide (17) Contact surface for slide on ball guide (20) Actuating rod (21) Angle on groove end face of actuating rod (22) Contact surface for spring seat on actuating rod (23) Groove on actuating rod (30) Slide (31) Guide surface on slide (32) Angle on slide (33) Spring seat on slide (34) Groove of the slide (40) Locking element (ball) (50) Return spring (60) Release spring (70) Release element (80) Spring plate (81) Guide surface for Release spring on spring seat (82) Contact surface on spring seat (83) Spring guide for return spring on spring seat (90) Pole core (91) Contact surface pole core (100) Coil (110) Armature (111) Contact surface armature (120) Permanent magnet segment (130) Drive spring(140)Guide sleeve (150)Emergency bolt (160)Coil body (170)Crimp contact (180)Contact bridge (190)Wire adapter - loose (200)Wire adapter - fixed (210)SMA wire (230)Bearing ring (240)Insulating washer (250)Contact spring (260)Contact ring (270)Contact carrier (280)Led wire (290)Contact pin (300)Switching spring (310)Switching bearing (311)Drive step (312)External bearing surface of the sensor bearing (313)Internal bearing surface of the sensor bearing (314)Recess for degassing (320)Screw connection (330)Counterpart to which the system or screw connection is mounted (e.g. valve) (340)Resilient element (e.g. elastomer, compression spring, disc spring, ...)

Claims

1. Tripping device, in particular for valves of fire protection devices, hydrogen applications and the like, and also for mechanical devices such as roll bars and pedestrian protection devices on motor vehicles, having a housing, having an actuating rod (20) which is mounted on or in the housing axially displaceably in and counter to a tripping direction, having a tripping spring (60) for preloading the actuating rod (20) in the tripping direction, having a locking device for locking the actuating rod (20) in a preloaded position against the action of the tripping spring, wherein the locking device has at least one locking element (40), wherein the actuating rod (20) can be released by means of a movement of the locking element (40), wherein the actuating rod (20) has a circumferential groove (23) or a recess, and wherein the locking element (40) is arranged movably with respect to the actuating rod (20) in the radial direction, wherein the locking element (40) engages into the circumferential groove (23) or the recess in the actuating rod (20) in a locking position and is arranged outside the circumferential groove (23) or the recess in the actuating rod (20) in a release position, and wherein a slide (30) is provided, which is mounted displaceably in the axial direction in the housing and which, in a first position, blocks the at least one locking element (40) in the circumferential groove (23) or in the recess in the actuating rod (20) and, in a second position, allows a movement of the locking element (40) out of the circumferential groove (23) or out of the recess, wherein the at least one locking element (40) is in the form of a roller or ball, wherein a first actuator is provided for moving the slide (30) from the first position to the second position in order to trigger the tripping device, characterized in that the first actuator has a permanent magnet (120) and an electromagnet, and in that the first actuator has an armature component (110) which is arranged and formed such that, starting from a starting position, it covers an acceleration distance until it meets the slide (30) which is in the first position, wherein in particular the actuating rod (20) can be displaced counter to the tripping direction until the armature component (110) is in the starting position.

2. Tripping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential groove (23) or the recess has a rear side wall as seen in the tripping direction, wherein the rear side wall opens obliquely radially outwards in order to push the locking element (40) both in the tripping direction and in a radially outwards direction in the locking position.

3. Tripping device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slide (30) surrounds the actuating rod (20) and is mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the actuating rod (20).

4. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing has a locking element guide, wherein the actuating rod (20) is mounted axially displaceably in or on the locking element guide and the slide (30) is mounted axially displaceably in or on the locking element guide.

5. Tripping device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the locking element guide has at least one transverse hole, in which the locking element (40) moves between the locking position and the release position.

6. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slide (30) is preloaded to the first position by means of a return spring (50).

7. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slide (30) has a circumferential groove (32) or recess which is open in the direction of the actuating rod (20) and in which the at least one locking element (40) is received at least in part in the release position.

8. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two locking elements (40) are provided, which are uniformly distributed around the actuating rod (20) in the circumferential direction.

9. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second actuator is provided for moving the actuating rod (20) to the preloaded position, wherein in particular the second actuator has a component composed of a shape-memory alloy.

10. Tripping device according to Claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the components composed of a shape-memory alloy is in the form of a wire (210), wherein in particular means are provided for applying electric current to the wire (210).

11. Tripping device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor module is provided for monitoring the correct mounting of the tripping device on a mating piece, in particular on a valve (330), wherein in particular the sensor module has a mechanical switch arranged concentrically with respect to the actuating rod (20) and / or the sensor module has a pressure piece, which is provided for bearing against the mating piece and which has a plain bearing bore for the actuating rod (20), wherein in particular the pressure piece is provided for opening or closing an electrical contact.

12. Tripping device according to Claim 11, characterized in that an end side of the pressure piece provided for bearing against the workpiece is provided with cutouts (314) for discharging pressurized gas or pressurized liquid.