Adhesive tape for wrapping long-extended goods such as cable sets and methods for wrapping them

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an adhesive tape for sheathing elongated goods such as, in particular, cable sets in automobiles, and to methods for sheathing.

[0002] For some time now, adhesive tapes have been used in industry for the production of cable harnesses. These tapes are used to bundle numerous electrical conductors before installation or in an already assembled state, for example, to reduce the space required for the cable bundle by bandaging and to achieve additional protective functions such as protection against mechanical and / or thermal stress.

[0003] Common types of adhesive tapes include film or textile backings, which are usually coated on one side with pressure-sensitive adhesives. Adhesive tapes for wrapping elongated goods are known, for example, from EP 1 848 006 A2, DE 10 2013 213 726 A1 and EP 2 497 805 A1.

[0004] DE 10 2014 119526 A1 discloses a cable wrapping tape for cable wrapping in automotive manufacturing, comprising a textile carrier and an adhesive coating applied at least once. The textile nonwoven carrier consists of a sewn fiber nonwoven fabric based on PET with a basis weight of 60-82 g / m².

[0005] EP 0 995 782 A2 deals with a cable wrapping tape with a textile backing. According to Example 1, a staple fiber nonwoven with a basis weight of 200 g / m² is used as the backing, consisting of 80% polyester tear fibers and 20% bicomponent melt fibers. A natural rubber adhesive is applied to one side of the nonwoven backing.

[0006] Foil adhesive tapes offer a degree of protection against liquid ingress, while airy and voluminous adhesive tapes based on thick non-woven fabrics or foams provide damping properties. Abrasion-resistant, stable backing materials offer protection against chafing and rubbing. Abrasion-resistant fabrics with additional coatings provide exceptional impact protection.

[0007] In addition to classic vehicles with combustion engines, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming increasingly important.

[0008] A hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle with a hybrid drive, meaning an electric vehicle powered by at least one electric motor and another energy converter, drawing energy from both its electrical storage (battery) and an onboard fuel. A fully electric vehicle is powered exclusively by a battery-powered electric motor and therefore requires no fossil fuel. The battery is charged via external power supplies.

[0009] In all motor vehicles, the number of electrical wires is increasing due to the growing use of electrical components, while at the same time the installation space for the wiring harness is becoming increasingly smaller, especially in small vehicles. The design of electric and hybrid vehicles also requires more electrical wiring. The use of electrical voltages above 42 V necessitates additional protection of the wiring, which must also ensure protection in specific accident situations beyond normal vehicle use.

[0010] The testing and classification of adhesive tapes for cable sheathing in the automotive industry is carried out according to comprehensive standards such as LV 312-1 "Protection systems for wiring harnesses in motor vehicles, adhesive tapes; test guideline" (10 / 2009) as a joint standard of Daimler, Audi, BMW, and Volkswagen, or the Ford specification ES-XU5T-1 A303-aa (Revision 09 / 2009) "Harness Tape Performance Specification". These standards will be referred to below as LV 312 and Ford specification, respectively. Currently, most measurements are based on the proposed amendment to VW 60360-1 "Protection systems for wiring harnesses - Adhesive tapes": 2019-10.

[0011] Cable wrapping tapes with film and textile backings are common and are usually coated on one side with various adhesive compounds. These cable wrapping tapes must meet four main requirements. a. Easy unwinding: The product, supplied in roll form, must be easy to unwind for simple processing. b. Cable compatibility: The cable insulation must not become brittle due to the influence of the adhesive tape in combination with elevated temperatures over a prolonged period. According to LV 312, a distinction is made between four temperature classes T1 to T4, corresponding to 80 °C (also called temperature class A), 105 °C (also called temperature class B (105)), 125 °C (also called temperature class C), and 150 °C (also called temperature class D), which the wrapped cables must withstand for over 3000 hours without becoming brittle. It goes without saying that temperature classes T3 and T4 place higher demands on the adhesive tape than the lower classes T1 and T2. The classification T1 to T4 is determined by the cable insulation material, the adhesive compound, and the carrier type. c. Chemical compatibility or compatibility with media in the engine compartment d.Good adhesive strength: The adhesive strength must be sufficient under bending stress on uneven, irregular surfaces such as cable bundles, corrugated pipes, and branches. This is in addition to bending and tensile stresses during manufacturing, installation, and subsequent use in the engine compartment of a car or in the bodywork, where there is constant bending stress when doors are opened.

[0012] Since the end of the adhesive tape is ideally glued to its own backing, good initial tack is essential to prevent the tape from flagging at the beginning. To ensure a flagging-free product in the long term, the adhesion to the substrate and the internal strength of the adhesive must be sufficient to maintain the bond even under tension (tensile and flexural stress).

[0013] When wrapping a cable harness, the adhesive tape is applied around the cable with varying degrees of overlap, ranging from minimal to complete. The cable typically has a small radius, resulting in a significant bend in the tape. At the end of a wrapping section, the tape is usually wound predominantly on its own back side, ensuring a near-perfect overlap, similar to the standard tape roll format where the adhesive is also bonded to its own back. During unwinding, static forces, such as those caused by the flexural stiffness of the substrate and the winding tension, can cause the exposed ends of the tape to curl up in an undesirable manner, similar to the beginning of self-unwinding. Unwinding resistance, therefore, refers to the adhesive's ability to withstand these static forces.

[0014] Flagging, when referring to adhesive tape wrapped around a body, describes the tendency of one end of the tape to stick out. This is caused by a combination of the adhesive's holding force, the stiffness of the substrate, and the diameter of the cable assembly.

[0015] The flagging resistance of wire harnessing (WH) cable wrapping tapes is verified using the TFT (Threshold Flagging Time) method. A target value for a completely flagging-free fabric product is defined as a limit significantly above 1000 min TFT, preferably above 2000 min TFT.

[0016] The development of easily unwindable adhesive tapes while simultaneously maintaining good adhesive properties presents a significant challenge, as these two properties seem mutually exclusive. The essential criteria for single-sided adhesive cable wrapping tapes with adjusted unwinding force and sufficiently high adhesive strength are diametrically opposed. While good flow and anchoring behavior of the adhesive compound are prerequisites for good adhesive strength values ​​and a correspondingly low flagging potential, these same criteria are rather detrimental to smooth unwinding.

[0017] Since reducing the unwinding force on textile backing materials using release agents is only achievable at high cost, the adhesive tape layers are wound directly onto each other, with the adhesive bonding to the back of the lower layer. To ensure unwinding without adhesive residue on the back of the backing, the highest demands are placed on a balanced ratio of cohesion and adhesion.

[0018] For example, cable wrapping tapes with adhesive compounds based on natural rubber generally exhibit good resistance to peeling, but their unwinding force increases over storage time and with rising temperatures. Furthermore, they only meet the lower temperature classes for cable compatibility.

[0019] WO 2006 / 015816 A1 discloses pressure-sensitive adhesives based on synthetic rubber with photoinitiators. EP 1 431 360 A2 discloses self-winding adhesive tapes with a thermally bonded nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 10 to 50 g / m² and UV-cured acrylate adhesive. Also known are fabric adhesive tapes based on a cross-linked acrylate hot melt compound, usually pure acrylate, and classified in temperature class D (150 °C) according to LV 312. These exhibit poor bond strength and, on smooth substrate surfaces, lead to bond swirling. Fabric adhesive tapes based on an acrylate dispersion compound and classified in temperature class D (150 °C) according to LV 312 are also known. Non-woven adhesive tapes are also known, which are based on a cross-linked acrylate hot melt compound, mostly pure acrylate, and which are classified in temperature class C (125 °C) according to LV 312.All of these fabric products use the same adhesive compound, which is adjusted to specific requirements through compound application and UV curing. A disadvantage of these standard tapes when applied to cable harnesses is the noticeably protruding tape ends, especially when used on critical windings such as branches, transitions, small diameters, etc. While their unwinding force can be effectively controlled by adjusting the compound application and, in particular, UV curing, this comes at the cost of significantly reduced adhesive strength and an unpredictable risk of flagging. Furthermore, acrylate hot melt adhesives are difficult to mix to incorporate resins or fillers. The use of fillers in compound design is a common practice for cost savings.

[0020] Plasticizers are added to plastics such as cable sheathing or coverings to make them permanently flexible, supple, and elastic. Plasticizers can be low-volatility resins, esters, or oils.

[0021] The function of plasticizers is to shift the thermoplastic range to lower temperatures. Well-known plasticizers include, for example, DOP (dioctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), DINP (diisononyl phthalate), TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate), and DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate).

[0022] External plasticizers are frequently used that are not covalently bound to the polymer but interact with it via polar groups to enable the mobility of the polymer chains. Examples include diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizers for PVC and elastomers. Other plasticizers include citric acid-based plasticizers such as triethyl citrate or adipic acid-based plasticizers such as diethylhexyl adipate and diethyl octyl adipate. The diffusion of these external plasticizers from the plastics used in cable insulation can be significantly reduced by the adhesive tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesives according to the invention.

[0023] Internal plasticizers are those that are present during copolymerization and are polymerized, and subsequently cannot diffuse out of the polymer.

[0024] Acrylate adhesives generally exhibit a very high affinity for common PVC plasticizers, which, in the case of monomer plasticizers such as DINP, DIDP, or TOTM, leads to a strong migration tendency. It is also known that when using PVC-insulated cables, significant plasticizer migration occurs over time, especially under temperature stress, until an equilibrium is reached between the insulation and the adhesive tape or adhesive. This results in undesirable embrittlement of the cable sheaths / insulations. In combination with aging effects (oxidation, plasticizer release into the environment, degradation, mechanical stress, etc.), increased plasticizer migration leads to premature failure of the cable insulation due to embrittlement. This phenomenon is also known as the brittle gap in flexible PVC.

[0025] Two main measures are known to reduce or prevent plasticizer migration: a) The equilibrium can be established beforehand by adding plasticizers to the adhesive during the manufacturing process. However, this often leads to drastic changes in the adhesive properties, sometimes even resulting in complete cohesive failure of the adhesive. Alternatively, b) a dense cross-linking of the adhesive can be used to create an effective barrier, but this can also have dramatic effects on the adhesive properties, or finely dispersed fillers capable of forming a network can be used.

[0026] The present invention is based on the objective of providing an adhesive tape whose unwinding forces are adjustable over a wider range, i.e., which has easy unwindability, which has good cable compatibility over all mentioned temperature classes for applications in the field of cable harnessing (wire harnessing applications (WH)), i.e., excellent compatibility with all common cable insulations, in particular according to the reference range of cables in LV 312, and which enables the particularly simple, inexpensive and quick sheathing of elongated goods such as cable sets in automobiles.

[0027] This task is solved by an adhesive tape, as specified in the main claim.

[0028] The subject of the dependent claims is advantageous further developments of the adhesive tape and methods for applying the adhesive tape.

[0029] Accordingly, the invention relates to an adhesive tape, in particular for wrapping cables, comprising a textile backing and an adhesive compound applied to at least one side of the backing, as per claim 1.

[0030] In principle, all textile carrier materials are suitable, but preferred are knitted fabrics, i.e., textile fabrics that are produced by forming loops of interwoven yarns in a flat base material, and especially preferred are nonwoven knitted fabrics, i.e., textile fabrics with a fiber fleece as the base material that are solidified by forming loops of interwoven yarns (for example, Maliwatt).

[0031] The term "textile substrate" or "textile fabric" encompasses all known textile substrates such as knitted fabrics, laid fabrics, tapes, braids, needle-punched textiles, felts, woven fabrics (including plain, twill and satin weaves), knitted fabrics (including warp-knitted and knitted fabrics) or nonwovens, whereby "nonwoven" refers at least to textile fabrics according to EN 29092 (1988) as well as sewn-together nonwovens and similar systems.

[0032] Knitting fabrics also include layered knitting fabrics, i.e., textile fabrics with one or more layers of yarn laid on top of each other as the base material, which are solidified by the formation of loops by the interlacing of the knitting threads, for example, Florofol; pile knitting fabrics, i.e., textile fabrics in which knitting threads are formed as a pile and are interlaced into a base material by means of loop formation, for example, Malipol; and weft pile knitting fabrics, i.e., textile fabrics in which unmeshed threads formed as a pile are attached to a base material by means of loop formation by knitting threads, for example, weft pole.

[0033] Also preferred are nonwoven fabrics, i.e., textile structures produced without the use of threads by forming fiber meshes from a pre-laid fiber fleece. These include fiber-reinforced nonwovens, i.e., textile structures made of fiber fleece with a stabilizing fiber mesh side and a side with fibers arranged horizontally to the fiber mesh layer, wherein fibers from the fiber fleece are formed into fiber meshes, for example, Malivlies; pile fiber nonwovens, i.e., textile structures made of fiber fleece with or without the use of a base material, consisting of a fiber mesh side and a pile fiber side with fibers arranged almost perpendicular to the fiber mesh layer, for example, Voltex, Kunit, or Maliknit; and mesh nonwovens, i.e., textile structures made of a pile fiber nonwoven from whose pile fibers a second fiber mesh layer is formed, for example, Multiknit or Optiknit.

[0034] The above definitions are taken from DIN 61211:2005-05.

[0035] Spacer fabrics and knitted fabrics with lamination can also be used. Spacer fabrics are double-layered textiles in which the warp-knitted fabric surfaces are kept apart by spacer threads, known as pile threads. These spacer fabrics are knitted or crocheted fabrics that have been extended to include a third dimension. Spacer fabrics also have two spaced-apart layers of fabric held apart by filaments, threads, or fibers. Such spacer fabrics are disclosed in EP 0 071 212 B1.

[0036] Suitable nonwovens include staple fiber nonwovens, as well as filament, meltblown, and spunbond nonwovens, which usually require additional bonding. Mechanical, thermal, and chemical bonding methods are known for nonwovens. While mechanical bonding typically holds the fibers together purely mechanically by entangling individual fibers, interlacing fiber bundles, or sewing in additional threads, thermal and chemical processes can achieve adhesive (with binder) or cohesive (binder-free) fiber-to-fiber bonds. With appropriate formulation and process control, these bonds can be limited exclusively or at least predominantly to fiber nodes, so that a stable, three-dimensional network is formed while maintaining the loose, open structure of the nonwoven.

[0037] Fleeces have proven particularly advantageous when they are reinforced by overstitching with separate threads or by interlacing.

[0038] Such bonded nonwovens are produced, for example, on "Malimo" type knitting machines from Karl Mayer (formerly Malimo) and are available from companies such as Techtex GmbH. A Malimo nonwoven is characterized by the fact that a cross-fiber nonwoven is bonded by the formation of loops from the fibers of the nonwoven.

[0039] A nonwoven fabric of the kunit or multiknit type can still be used as a carrier. A kunit nonwoven is characterized by the fact that it results from the processing of a longitudinally oriented fiber nonwoven into a sheet structure that has meshes on one side and mesh webs or pile fiber folds on the other, but contains neither threads nor pre-formed sheet structures. Such a nonwoven has also been produced for some time, for example, on "Malimo" type knitting machines from the company Karl Mayer. Another characteristic feature of this nonwoven is that, as a longitudinal fiber nonwoven, it can withstand high tensile forces in the longitudinal direction. A multiknit nonwoven differs from the kunit nonwoven in that the nonwoven undergoes consolidation on both the top and bottom sides through double-sided needle piercing.The starting material for a multiknit fabric is typically one or two single-sided, meshed pile fiber nonwovens produced using the Kunit process. In the final product, both nonwoven surfaces are formed into a closed surface by fiber meshing and connected to each other by nearly perpendicular fibers. The fabric also allows for the incorporation of other perforated sheet structures and / or spreading media.

[0040] Finally, nonwoven fabrics are also particularly suitable. A nonwoven fabric is made from a non-woven material with numerous parallel seams. These seams are created by sewing or knitting continuous textile threads. For this type of nonwoven fabric (also known as Maliwatt), the "Malimo" type knitting machines from the company Karl Mayer are well-known.

[0041] Needle-punched nonwovens are also suitable. In needle-punched nonwovens, a fibrous pile is formed into a sheet structure using barbed needles. The material is compacted on a needle bar by alternately inserting and withdrawing the needles, causing the individual fibers to interlock and form a firm sheet. The number and design of the needle points (needle shape, penetration depth, double-sided needle punching) determine the strength and durability of the fiber structures, which are generally lightweight, breathable, and elastic.

[0042] A staple fiber nonwoven is also advantageous if it is pre-strengthened in the first step by mechanical processing or if it is a wet nonwoven that has been laid hydrodynamically, wherein between 2 wt.% and 50 wt.% of the fibers of the nonwoven are melt fibers, in particular between 5 wt.% and 40 wt.% of the fibers of the nonwoven.

[0043] Such a nonwoven fabric is characterized by the fact that the fibers are laid wet or, for example, a staple fiber nonwoven is pre-strengthened by forming meshes from fibers of the nonwoven fabric by needling, sewing, air and / or water jet processing.

[0044] In a second step, thermofixation takes place, whereby the strength of the nonwoven fabric is further increased by melting or fusing the melt fibers.

[0045] For the use of nonwovens, the adhesive bonding of mechanically pre-bonded or wet-laid nonwovens is of particular interest. This can be achieved by adding binders in solid, liquid, foamed, or paste form. A wide variety of application forms are possible, for example, solid binders as powders for sprinkling, as films or meshes, or in the form of bonding fibers. Liquid binders can be applied dissolved in water or organic solvents or as a dispersion. Binder dispersions are predominantly chosen for adhesive bonding: thermosets in the form of phenolic or melamine resin dispersions, elastomers as dispersions of natural or synthetic rubbers, or, most commonly, dispersions of thermoplastics such as acrylates, vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, styrene-butadiene systems, PVC, and similar materials, as well as their copolymers.Normally, these are anionic or non-ionic stabilized dispersions, but in special cases cationic dispersions can also be advantageous.

[0046] The type of binder application can be carried out according to the state of the art and can be found, for example, in standard works on coating or nonwoven technology such as "Nonwovens" (Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1982) or "Textile Technology - Nonwoven Production" (Arbeitgeberkreis Gesamttextil, Eschborn, 1996).

[0047] For mechanically pre-bonded nonwovens that already exhibit sufficient bond strength, the one-sided spray application of a binder is a suitable option for selectively modifying surface properties.

[0048] In addition to using the binding agent sparingly, this method also significantly reduces the energy required for drying. Since no squeeze rollers are needed and the dispersions remain primarily in the upper layer of the nonwoven fabric, undesirable hardening and stiffening of the nonwoven can be largely prevented.

[0049] To ensure sufficient adhesive bonding of the nonwoven backing, binder in the range of 1% to 50%, and in particular 3% to 20%, based on the weight of the fiber nonwoven, is generally required.

[0050] The binder can be added during nonwoven fabric production, during mechanical pre-bonding, or in a separate process step, which can be carried out in-line or off-line. After the binder is added, a temporary state must be created in which it becomes adhesive and bonds the fibers. This can be achieved during drying, for example, of dispersions, or by heating, with further variations possible through the application of pressure, either over a large area or in specific areas. The binder can be activated in conventional drying tunnels, but with a suitable binder selection, it can also be activated using infrared radiation, UV radiation, ultrasound, high-frequency radiation, or similar methods.

[0051] Another special form of adhesive bonding involves activating the binder through dissolution or swelling. In principle, the fibers themselves or added specialty fibers can also act as the binder. However, since such solvents are environmentally problematic or difficult to handle for most polymeric fibers, this method is rarely used.

[0052] Advantageously, and at least in certain areas, the carrier can have a surface that is ground smooth on one or both sides, preferably a fully ground smooth surface on each side. The ground smooth surface may be chintzed, as is explained in detail, for example, in EP 1 448 744 A1.

[0053] Furthermore, the beam can be calendered in a rolling mill for compaction. Preferably, the two rolls rotate in opposite directions and at the same circumferential speed, so that the beam is pressed and compacted.

[0054] If the peripheral speed of the rollers differs, then the carrier is additionally ground smooth.

[0055] The substrate can be a fabric. Particularly preferred fabrics have the following structure: The thread count in the warp is 10 to 60 / cm; the thread count in the weft is 10 to 40 / cm; the warp threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 400 dtex, in particular between 44 and 330 dtex, most preferably 167 dtex; the weft threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 660 dtex, in particular between 44 and 400 dtex, most preferably 167 dtex

[0056] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the number of threads in the warp is 40 to 50 / cm, preferably 44 / cm.

[0057] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thread count in the weft is 18 to 22 / cm, preferably 20 / cm.

[0058] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fabric is a polyester fabric or a mixed fabric of polyester and polyamide or viscose.

[0059] Preferably the thickness of the tissue is a maximum of 300 µm, particularly preferably 170 to 230 µm, most preferably 190 to 210 µm.

[0060] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the carrier has a basis weight of up to 200 g / m², preferably 100 to 150 g / m².

[0061] The starting materials for the backing material of the adhesive tape are (chemical) fibers (staple fiber or continuous filament) made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate.

[0062] The proportion of recycled fibers in the carrier material is at least 50 wt.%, preferably more than 50 wt.%, further preferably 70 wt.% or more, further preferably 90 wt.% or more, further preferably 100 wt.%.

[0063] The added batch of (chemical) fibers (staple fiber or continuous filament) comprises synthetic polymers, also called synthetic fibers, made of polyester (for example, polyethylene terephthalate), polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, or glass, or (chemical) fibers made of natural polymers such as cellulosic fibers (viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, acetate, triacetate, cellulon), such as rubber fibers, such as plant protein fibers and / or such animal protein fibers, and / or natural fibers made of cotton, sisal, flax, silk, hemp, linen, coconut, or wool. However, the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned materials; rather, a multitude of other fibers can be used in the second batch, as can be seen by those skilled in the art without requiring any inventive step. Furthermore, yarns made from the specified fibers are also suitable.

[0064] The additional sewing threads, which are required, for example, in a nonwoven fabric, can consist of the aforementioned polymers. Sewing threads made of (recycled) polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide are preferred.

[0065] In woven or non-woven fabrics, individual threads can be made from a blended yarn. However, the warp and weft threads are usually made from a single type of fiber. The warp and / or weft threads can consist of 100% by weight of synthetic threads made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate. It is also possible for only the warp threads or only the weft threads to consist of 100% by weight of synthetic threads made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate, provided that the proportion of recycled fibers in the fabric is at least 50% by weight.

[0066] The yarns or threads of the fabrics can be in the form of filaments. For the purposes of this invention, a filament is understood to be a bundle of parallel, straight individual fibers / filaments, often also referred to as a multifilament in the literature. Optionally, this fiber bundle can be reinforced by twisting, in which case it is called a spun or twisted filament. Alternatively, the fiber bundle can be reinforced by swirling with compressed air or a water jet. Hereafter, the term filament will be used generically for all these embodiments.

[0067] The filament can be textured or smooth and spot-solidified or unsolidified.

[0068] Recycled polyethylene terephthalate is used as the material for the textile backing due to its excellent resistance to aging and its superior resistance to chemicals and operating fluids such as oil, gasoline, antifreeze, etc. Furthermore, recycled polyethylene terephthalate has the advantage of resulting in a very abrasion-resistant and temperature-resistant backing, which is particularly important for the specific application of bundling cables in automobiles and, for example, in the engine compartment.

[0069] The fibers made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate are primarily produced from recycled PET bottles and, where applicable, from recycled secondary products of the polyester industry. The reuse of these PET raw materials makes the carriers sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this case, the raw materials are neither sent to emission-generating waste processing facilities nor do they pollute the environment in the form of plastic in the ocean or the landscape.

[0070] To process the fibers, the raw material, especially the PET bottles, is mechanically washed, similar to the washing process in a washing machine.

[0071] The raw material is then mechanically shredded, producing what are known as "flakes". These flakes are subsequently melted and processed into fibers.

[0072] The fibers, especially those used for nonwoven fabric formation, preferably have a fiber thickness of 2 to 5 denier and / or a fiber length of 30 to 90 mm.

[0073] The number of sewing threads is preferably in the range of 15 to 25 threads / 25 mm.

[0074] Advantageously, the basis weight of the textile carrier is between 30 g / m² and 300 g / m², whereby the two mentioned limit values ​​are explicitly included in the range specification (this applies mutatis mutandis to all the following listed parameter ranges as well), further advantageously between 50 g / m² and 200 g / m², particularly advantageously between 50 g / m² and 150 g / m², and most advantageously between 70 g / m² and 130 g / m².

[0075] For woven fabrics, the basis weight is preferably 100 g / m² to 150 g / m², particularly 130 g / m². For nonwoven fabrics, the basis weight is preferably 50 g / m² to 200 g / m², more preferably 70 g / m² to 180 g / m².

[0076] Furthermore, the textile carriers preferably have a bending stiffness in the range of 0 to 30 mN / 60 mm as raw carriers (MD, machine direction), optionally from 2 to 30 mN / 60 mm as raw carriers (MD), from which very good flagging-free products are obtained.

[0077] The adhesive application rate, based on the substrate area, is between 40 and 160 g / m², preferably between 50 and 100 g / m², and more preferably between 60 and 90 g / m².

[0078] All known adhesive systems can be used for the adhesive compound. In addition to natural or synthetic rubber-based adhesives, silicone adhesives and polyacrylate adhesives are particularly suitable.

[0079] If further layers of adhesive are present on the exposed surfaces of the first or second carrier, these can also be selected from the adhesives listed below.

[0080] Preferably, the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, meaning an adhesive that allows a permanent bond to almost all substrates even under relatively light pressure and can be removed from the substrate essentially without leaving any residue after use. A pressure-sensitive adhesive remains permanently tacky at room temperature, exhibiting a sufficiently low viscosity and high initial tackiness so that it wets the surface of the respective substrate even with minimal pressure. The adhesive's bonding ability is based on its adhesive properties, and its removability on its cohesive properties.

[0081] Pressure-sensitive adhesives can be considered extremely viscous liquids with an elastic component. Consequently, they possess special, characteristic viscoelastic properties that result in their permanent tackiness and bonding ability.

[0082] A characteristic feature of these adhesives is that, when mechanically deformed, both viscous flow processes and the development of elastic restoring forces occur. The relative proportions of these two processes depend on the precise composition, structure, and degree of cross-linking of the adhesive, as well as the speed and duration of the deformation and the temperature.

[0083] The proportion of viscous flow is necessary to achieve adhesion. Only the viscous components, caused by macromolecules with relatively high mobility, enable good wetting and flow onto the substrate to be bonded. A high proportion of viscous flow leads to high tack (also known as surface tack) and thus often also to high adhesive strength. Highly cross-linked systems, crystalline or glassy polymers, are generally not tacky or at least only slightly tacky due to a lack of flowable components.

[0084] The elastic restoring forces are necessary to achieve cohesion. They are generated, for example, by very long-chain and highly entangled macromolecules, as well as by physically or chemically cross-linked macromolecules, and enable the transmission of forces acting on an adhesive bond. This allows an adhesive bond to withstand a sustained load, such as continuous shear stress, to a sufficient degree over an extended period.

[0085] A particularly preferred pressure-sensitive adhesive is in the form of a dried polymer dispersion, wherein the polymer is composed of: (a) 95.0 to 100.0 wt% n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (b) 0.0 to 5.0 wt% of an ethylene unsaturated monomer with an acid or acid anhydride function

[0086] Preferably, the polymer consists of 95.0 to 99.5 wt.% n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 0.5 to 5 wt.% of an ethylene unsaturated monomer with an acid or acid anhydride function, further preferably of 97.0 or 98.0 wt.% to 99.0 wt.% n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 1.0 to 2.0 wt.% or 3 wt.% of an ethylene unsaturated monomer with an acid or acid anhydride function.

[0087] In addition to the listed acrylate polymers, the adhesive compound may also contain tackifiers and / or additives such as light stabilizers or anti-aging agents, in addition to any residual monomers that may be present.

[0088] In particular, no other polymers such as elastomers are contained in the pressure-sensitive adhesive, i.e., the polymers of the pressure-sensitive adhesive consist only of the monomers (a) and (b) in the specified proportions.

[0089] n-Butyl acrylate preferentially forms the monomer (a).

[0090] Advantageously suitable monomers (b) include, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and / or maleic anhydride. (Meth)acrylic acid of formula I is preferred. where R 3 ≤ H or CH 3, preferably a mixture of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is used. Acrylic acid is particularly preferred.

[0091] According to a particularly preferred variant, the polymer has the following composition: (a) 95.0 to 100.0 wt.%, preferably 95.0 to 99.5 wt.%, further preferably 98.0 to 99.0 wt.% n-butyl acrylate and (b) 0.0 to 5.0 wt.%, preferably 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%, further preferably 1.0 to 2.0 wt.% acrylic acid

[0092] The polymer dispersion is produced by the process of emulsion polymerization of the aforementioned components. Descriptions of this process can be found, for example, in "Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers" by Peter A. Lovell and Mohamed S. El-Aasser - Wiley-VCH 1997 - ISBN 0-471-96746-7 or in EP 1 378 527 B1.

[0093] During polymerization, it is possible that not all monomers will be converted into polymers. Therefore, it is advisable to keep the residual monomer content as low as possible. Preferably, adhesive compositions comprising the polymer dispersion are provided with a residual monomer content of less than or equal to 1 wt.%, and in particular less than or equal to 0.5 wt.% (based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion).

[0094] According to general professional understanding, an "adhesive resin" is understood to be an oligomeric or polymeric resin that increases the self-adhesion (the tack, the inherent stickiness) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive compared to a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not contain an adhesive resin but is otherwise identical.

[0095] The use of tackifiers to increase the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesives is generally known. This effect also occurs when up to 15 parts by weight (corresponding to < 15 parts by weight) or 5 to 15 parts by weight of tackifier (based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion) are added to the adhesive. Preferably, 5 to 12, and more preferably 6 to 10 parts by weight of tackifier (based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion) are added.

[0096] In principle, all known classes of substances are suitable as tackifiers, also known as adhesive resins. Tackifiers include, for example, hydrocarbon resins (e.g., polymers based on unsaturated C5 or C9 monomers), terpene phenolic resins, polyterpene resins based on raw materials such as α- or β-pinene, aromatic resins such as coumaron-indene resins, or resins based on styrene or α-methylstyrene such as rosin and its derivatives, for example, disproportionated, dimerized, or esterified rosin, for example, reaction products with glycol, glycerol, or pentaerythritol, to name just a few. Resins without easily oxidizable double bonds are preferred, such as terpene phenol resins, aromatic resins, and especially resins produced by hydrogenation, such as hydrogenated aromatic resins, hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene resins, hydrogenated rosin derivatives, or hydrogenated polyterpene resins.Preferred resins are those based on terpene phenols and rosin esters. Also preferred are adhesive resins with a softening point above 80 °C according to ASTM E28-99 (2009). Particularly preferred are resins based on terpene phenols and rosin esters with a softening point above 90 °C according to ASTM E28-99 (2009). The resins are advantageously used in dispersion form. This allows them to be easily and finely dispersed in the polymer dispersion.

[0097] The variant in which no adhesive resins are added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive is particularly preferred.

[0098] The following substances, in particular, shall not be added to the adhesive compound: Hydrocarbon resins (for example, polymers based on unsaturated C5 or C9 monomers), terpene phenol resins, polyterpene resins based on raw materials such as α- or β-pinene, aromatic resins such as coumaron-indene resins or resins based on styrene or α-methylstyrene, such as rosin and its derivatives, for example, disproportionated, dimerized or esterified rosin, for example, reaction products with glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol

[0099] Due to their particular suitability as adhesives for adhesive tapes of automotive cable sets with regard to fogging resistance, solvent-free acrylate hot melt compounds are preferable, as described in more detail in DE 198 07 752 A1 and in DE 100 11 788 A1.

[0100] Fogging (see DIN 75201 A) refers to the effect that, under unfavorable conditions, low-molecular-weight compounds can outgas from adhesive tapes and condense on cold surfaces. This can, for example, impair visibility through the windshield.

[0101] A suitable adhesive compound is one based on acrylate hot melt, which has a K-value of at least 20, in particular greater than 30 (measured in 1 wt% solution in toluene, 25 °C), obtainable by concentrating a solution of such a compound to a system that can be processed as a hot melt.

[0102] Concentration can take place in appropriately equipped boilers or extruders; a degassing extruder is preferred, especially for the associated degassing.

[0103] Such an adhesive compound is described in DE 43 13 008 C2. In an intermediate step, the solvent is completely removed from these acrylate compounds produced in this way. The K-value is determined in particular in accordance with DIN 53 726.

[0104] In addition, further volatile components are removed. After coating from the melt, these masses contain only small amounts of volatile components. Thus, all monomers / formulations claimed in the aforementioned patent can be used.

[0105] The solution of the mass can contain 5 to 80 wt.%, in particular 30 to 70 wt.% solvent.

[0106] Preferably, commercially available solvents are used, in particular low boiling hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols and / or esters.

[0107] Preferably, single-screw, twin-screw or multi-screw extruders with one or, in particular, two or more degassing units are used.

[0108] The acrylate hot melt-based adhesive may contain polymerized benzoin derivatives, such as benzoin acrylate or benzoin methacrylate, acrylic acid esters, or methacrylic acid esters. Such benzoin derivatives are described in EP 0 578 151 A.

[0109] The acrylate hot melt-based adhesive can be UV-cured. Other curing methods are also possible, for example electron beam curing.

[0110] In a further preferred embodiment, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and its esters with 1 to 25 carbon atoms, maleic, fumaric and / or itaconic acid and / or their esters, substituted (meth)acrylamides, maleic anhydride and other vinyl compounds, such as vinyl esters, in particular vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohols and / or vinyl ethers, are used as self-adhesive materials.

[0111] The residual solvent content should be less than 1% by weight.

[0112] One adhesive that has proven particularly suitable is a low-molecular-weight acrylate hot melt adhesive, such as that marketed by BASF under the names acResin UV or Acronal®, especially acResin A 260UV. This adhesive with a low K-value achieves its application-specific properties through a final radiation-induced crosslinking process.

[0113] Other highly suitable adhesives are described in EP 3 540 024 A1, EP 2 520 627 A1, EP 2 522 705 A1, EP 2 520 628 A1, EP 2 695 926 A1 and EP 2 520 629 A1.

[0114] Preferably, the adhesive coating consists of a synthetic rubber-based adhesive, specifically an adhesive composed of at least one vinyl aromatic block copolymer and at least one adhesive resin. Typical concentrations of the block copolymer are in the range of 30 wt% to 70 wt%, particularly between 35 wt% and 55 wt%.

[0115] Other polymers that may be present include those based on pure hydrocarbons, such as unsaturated polydienes like natural or synthetically produced polyisoprene or polybutadiene; chemically essentially saturated elastomers, such as saturated ethylene-propylene copolymers, α-olefin copolymers, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber; and chemically functionalized hydrocarbons, such as halogen-containing, acrylate-containing, or vinyl ether-containing polyolefins, which can replace up to half of the vinylaromatic-containing block copolymers.

[0116] The adhesives used are resins that are compatible with the elastomer block of the styrene block copolymers.

[0117] Plasticizing agents such as liquid resins, plasticizing oils or low molecular weight liquid polymers such as low molecular weight polyisobutylenes with molar masses < 1500 g / mol (number averages) or liquid EPDM types are typically used.

[0118] Further additives that can be added to all the aforementioned types of adhesives include light stabilizers such as UV absorbers, sterically hindered amines, antiozonants, metal deactivators, processing aids, and end-block reinforcing resins.

[0119] Fillers such as silicon dioxide, glass (ground or in the form of solid or hollow spheres), microballoons, aluminum oxides, zinc oxides, calcium carbonates, titanium dioxides, carbon blacks, silicates and chalk, to name just a few, as well as color pigments and dyes and optical brighteners can also be used.

[0120] Adhesive compounds typically contain primary and secondary antioxidants to improve their aging stability. Primary antioxidants react with oxy- and peroxyradicals, which can form in the presence of oxygen, to form less reactive compounds. Secondary antioxidants, for example, reduce hydroperoxides to alcohols. A synergistic effect exists between primary and secondary antioxidants, so the protective effect of a mixture is often greater than the sum of the two individual effects.

[0121] If flame retardancy of the described adhesive tape is desired, this can be achieved by adding flame retardants to the backing and / or the adhesive compound. These can be organobrominated compounds, if necessary with synergists such as antimony trioxide; however, with regard to the halogen-free nature of the adhesive tape, red phosphorus, organophosphorus, mineral or intumescent compounds such as ammonium polyphosphate, alone or in combination with synergists, are preferred.

[0122] The production and processing of pressure-sensitive adhesives can be carried out from solution, dispersion, or molten state. Preferential production and processing methods involve molten material. For the latter case, suitable production processes include both batch and continuous processes.

[0123] For the purposes of this invention, the general term "adhesive tape" encompasses all planar structures such as films or film sections extended in two dimensions, tapes with extended length and limited width, tape sections, and the like, ultimately also die-cut pieces or labels. The adhesive tape thus has a longitudinal and a lateral extent. The adhesive tape also has a thickness perpendicular to both dimensions, wherein the lateral and longitudinal extents are many times greater than the thickness. The thickness is as uniform as possible, preferably exactly uniform, over the entire planar extent of the adhesive tape, which is determined by length and width.

[0124] The adhesive tape is primarily available in roll form. A roll is understood to be an object whose length is many times greater than its width, and whose width is preferably exactly the same along its entire length.

[0125] The adhesive tape can be manufactured in the form of a roll, i.e., in the form of an Archimedean spiral wound around itself.

[0126] A backing coating (functional layer) can be applied to the exposed upper surface of the backing material to favorably influence the unwinding properties of the adhesive tape wound into an Archimedean spiral. This backing coating can contain silicone or fluorosilicone compounds, as well as polyvinylstearyl carbamate, polyethyleneiminestearyl carbamate, or organofluoro compounds as de-adhesive agents.

[0127] The adhesive can be applied lengthwise along the adhesive tape in the form of a strip that is narrower than the first carrier.

[0128] Depending on the application, several parallel strips of adhesive can also be coated on the substrate.

[0129] The position of the strip on the carrier is freely selectable, although an arrangement directly on one of the edges of the carrier is preferred.

[0130] Preferably, the adhesive is applied over the entire surface of the first substrate.

[0131] The adhesive coating of the carrier may have at least one strip of covering, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape and which covers between 20% and 90% of the adhesive coating.

[0132] Preferably, the strip covers between 50% and 80% of the adhesive coating. The degree of coverage is selected depending on the application and the diameter of the cable assembly.

[0133] The percentages given refer to the width of the covering strips in relation to the width of the support.

[0134] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, exactly one strip of the covering is present on the adhesive coating.

[0135] The position of the strip on the adhesive coating is freely selectable, although an arrangement directly on one of the longitudinal edges of the carrier is preferred. This results in an adhesive strip extending in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape, which terminates at the other longitudinal edge of the carrier.

[0136] If the adhesive tape is used to wrap a cable harness by applying it in a helical motion around the harness, the wrapping can be done in such a way that the adhesive mass of the tape is only bonded to the tape itself, while the goods do not come into contact with any adhesive.

[0137] The sheathed cable harness exhibits very high flexibility due to the absence of any adhesive fixing the cables. This significantly increases its bending ability during installation – especially in tight spaces or sharp bends.

[0138] If a certain degree of fixation of the adhesive tape to the product is desired, the sheathing can be done in such a way that the adhesive strip is partly glued to the adhesive tape itself and partly to the product.

[0139] According to another advantageous embodiment, the strip is applied centrally to the adhesive coating, resulting in two adhesive strips extending along the longitudinal edges of the carrier in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape.

[0140] For the secure and economical application of the adhesive tape in the aforementioned helical motion around the cable harness, and to prevent the resulting protective covering from slipping, the two adhesive strips located on the longitudinal edges of the tape are advantageous, especially when one strip, which is usually narrower than the other, serves as a fixing aid and the second, wider strip acts as a seal. In this way, the adhesive tape is bonded to the cable in such a way that the cable harness is secured against slippage while still retaining flexibility.

[0141] In addition, there are embodiments in which more than one strip of the covering is applied to the adhesive coating. If only one strip is mentioned, the person skilled in the art will understand that several strips can also cover the adhesive coating simultaneously.

[0142] The manufacturing process of the adhesive tape according to the invention consists solely of coating the substrate directly with the dispersion in one or more successive steps. In the case of textile substrates, the untreated textile can be coated directly or by transfer. Alternatively, the textile can be pretreated with a coating (with any film-forming substance consisting of solution, dispersion, melt, and / or radiation curing) and then, in a subsequent step, provided with the adhesive compound directly or by transfer.

[0143] The usual application units are used: wire doctor blade, coating bar, roller application, nozzle coating, double chamber doctor blade, multi-cascade nozzle.

[0144] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, after application to the substrate, the adhesive mass penetrates the substrate to a depth of more than 10%, preferably more than 25%, and more preferably more than 50%. A numerical value of, for example, 25% means that the adhesive mass has penetrated to a layer thickness of 25% of the thickness of the textile substrate, i.e., in the case of a substrate with a thickness of 100 µm, to a layer thickness of 25 µm within the substrate, starting from the surface of the substrate on which the adhesive mass is coated and extending perpendicular to the plane defined by the longitudinal or transverse direction.

[0145] Due to the positive properties described, the adhesive tape is ideally suited for insulating and wrapping wires or cables.

[0146] Preferably, the adhesive tape is used for wrapping elongated goods, such as cable assemblies, in which the tape is guided around the elongated goods in a helical motion. This results in the shape of a helix (also called screw, helix, cylindrical spiral or helical; a helix is ​​a curve that winds around the surface of a cylinder with a constant pitch).

[0147] In one variation, the elongated component is wrapped axially with the adhesive tape. The wrapping of a cable harness with the described tape is not done helically, as is usual, but rather in such a way that, during wrapping, one longitudinal axis of the tape is essentially parallel to the direction of the cable harness. In cross-section, the adhesive tape lies around the cable harness in the form of an Archimedean spiral. This type of wrapping is also called "wrapping the cable harness."

[0148] Also encompassed by the inventive idea is a sheathed elongated good, such in particular a cable set, sheathed with an adhesive tape according to the invention, as well as a vehicle containing such a sheathed elongated good.

[0149] According to one embodiment of the invention, the elongated item is a cable strand comprising a bundle of several cables, such as 3 to 1000 cables, preferably 10 to 500 cables, and in particular between 50 and 300 cables.

[0150] Due to the excellent suitability of the adhesive tape, it can be used in a sheathing consisting of a covering in which the self-adhesive tape is present at least in one edge area of ​​the covering, and is bonded to the covering in such a way that the tape extends over one of the longitudinal edges of the covering, preferably in an edge area that is narrow compared to the width of the covering.

[0151] Such a product, as well as optimized embodiments thereof, are disclosed in EP 1 312 097 A1. Further developments for which the adhesive tape according to the invention is also very well suited are described in EP 1 300 452 A2, DE 102 29 527 A1, and WO 2006 / 108871 A1. Likewise, the adhesive tape according to the invention can be used in a method as disclosed in EP 1 367 608 A2.

[0152] Finally, EP 1 315 781 A1 and DE 103 29 994 A1 describe embodiments of adhesive tapes that are also possible for the adhesive tape according to the invention.

[0153] To ensure correct application of the adhesive tape, particularly on cable harnesses, at least one longitudinal marking line may be present on the top surface of the backing. Two marking lines are preferred. These marking lines are visually and / or tactilely distinguishable from the surrounding surface.

[0154] The marking is applied to the carrier, for example by printing. Alternatively or additionally, the marking can also be incorporated into the first carrier layer. In this way, the marking can be implemented as a kind of woven warp thread. EP 3 245 265 A1 describes the use of such a marking line on an adhesive tape.

[0155] To make working with the adhesive tape particularly easy for the user, perforations are provided in the tape, which are oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the tape and / or arranged at regular intervals.

[0156] The perforation primarily serves as a tear-off aid for cutting the tape to the specified length. The section of tape that wraps around the item should not have any perforations to avoid negatively impacting its shielding properties.

[0157] The perforations can be produced particularly advantageously discontinuously with flat dies or transverse perforation wheels, as well as continuously using rotary systems such as spiked rollers or punching rollers, optionally using a counter roller (Vulkollan roller) that forms the counter wheel during cutting.

[0158] Other possibilities include controlled, intermittent cutting technologies such as the use of lasers, ultrasound, high-pressure water jets, etc. If, as with laser or ultrasonic cutting, some of the energy is introduced into the substrate material as heat, the fibers in the cutting area can be fused, thus largely preventing disruptive fraying and resulting in sharp, clean edges. These latter methods are also suitable for achieving specific cutting edge geometries, such as concave or convex edges.

[0159] The adhesive tape is flexible and can be used on different cable diameters.

[0160] The advantageous marking allows for safe and easy verification of the proper application of the adhesive tape.

[0161] The adhesive tape according to the invention can be applied using the known and usual processes for cable wrapping.

[0162] The following section will explain the adhesive tape in more detail using several figures, without intending to impose any kind of limitation.

[0163] They show Figure 1 shows the adhesive tape in a side section, Figure 2 shows a section of a cable harness consisting of a bundling of individual cables and sheathed with the adhesive tape according to the invention, and Figure 3 shows an advantageous application of the adhesive tape.

[0164] In the Figure 1 The cross-sectional view shows the adhesive tape, which consists of a fabric carrier 1 onto which a layer of a self-adhesive coating 2 based on an acrylate dispersion is applied on one side.

[0165] The adhesive mass has sunk 20% into the carrier, which provides optimal anchoring and simultaneously improves the carrier's tearability by hand.

[0166] In the Figure 2The figure shows a section of a cable harness consisting of a bundle of individual cables 7, which is sheathed with the adhesive tape 11 according to the invention. The adhesive tape is applied around the cable harness in a helical motion.

[0167] The section of the wiring harness shown depicts two windings, I and II, of the adhesive tape. Further windings would extend to the left; these are not shown here.

[0168] In a further embodiment for a sheathing, two tapes 60, 70 according to the invention, each equipped with an adhesive compound, are laminated together with their adhesive compounds offset (preferably by 50% each), resulting in a product as described in Figure 3 is shown. not according to the invention. Examples Sketch of the examples

[0169] The adhesive tape according to the invention is described below in a preferred embodiment using an example, without thereby subjecting the invention to any limitations. Furthermore, a comparative example is given in which an adhesive tape is shown that exhibits significantly poorer performance.

[0170] An acrylate-based sample adhesive is applied to a non-woven carrier, resulting in an adhesive mass of 55 g / m².

[0171] The nonwoven fabric is a Maliwatt type sewn-knitted nonwoven with a basis weight of 72 g / m², consisting of PET fibers of length 64 mm and thickness 3 denier and a PET sewing thread of strength 50 dtex, which are sewn together with (22 threads per inch (corresponding to 9 threads / centimeter nonwoven width)).

[0172] In the inventive example B2, the PET fibers consist of 50 wt.% recycled and 50 wt.% non-recycled PET fibers, in the inventive example B3 they consist of 79 wt.% recycled and 21 wt.% non-recycled PET fibers, and in the comparative example (B1) they consist of 100 wt.% non-recycled PET fibers. While most technical and application tests show a comparable performance range, it is striking that, contrary to expectations, a textile carrier made with recycled fibers exhibits better abrasion resistance than a carrier using non-recycled fibers. Furthermore, the flagging test, described here as the Single Wire Application Test (SWAT test), also reveals a significantly reduced adhesive tape lifting rate after a 30-day test period at 40°C, a result that was quite surprising after accelerated aging of the rolls for four weeks at 40°C. Assessment criteria Conducting the tests

[0173] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, measurements are carried out under a test climate of 23 ± 1 °C and 50 ± 5 % relative humidity. Measurement of flagging resistance using the SWAT method

[0174] The SWAT test is used to examine the flagging behavior of adhesive tapes after they have been spirally wound around a cable.

[0175] The test is conducted under standard climate conditions (23 ± 1 °C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity) and at 40 °C. The elevated temperature simulates the harsher conditions encountered during transport.

[0176] For the test, a 19 mm wide adhesive tape is used. This is manually wrapped four times (1440°) around a 1 mm diameter ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) sheathed cable without additional pressure. The tape is then cut with scissors.

[0177] It is assumed that an average flag of 5 mm in length will remain if the end of the adhesive tape is not pressed down.

[0178] A total of seven windings are created around the cable.

[0179] The flags are measured with a ruler after three days, ten days, and 30 days under standard climate conditions. This shows the Figure 4 The absolute flagging value is calculated by subtracting 5 mm from the actual measured length of the flag.

[0180] In Figure 4 The flagging value is therefore 23 mm (28 mm - 5 mm).

[0181] The flagging value, which is given as the result, is the average of the flagging values ​​of the seven windings. The test is performed analogously at 40 °C in standard drying ovens.

[0182] In the following, the adhesive tape according to the invention is evaluated at 40 °C in a drying oven using the specified SWAT method. Measurement of adhesive strength on steel and on tape backing

[0183] The measurement is carried out analogously to the measurement method specified in the amendment proposal to VW 60360-1, i.e. the test is carried out firstly in accordance with DIN EN 1939 on steel (method 1, 180° test) and secondly on the strip back (method 2, 180° test). Rolling force

[0184] The measurement of the unwinding force is carried out according to the amendment proposal to VW 60360-1 "Protection systems for wiring harnesses - Adhesive tapes": 2019-10 at a pull-off speed of 0.3 m / min or 30 m / min.

[0185] Measurement of noise attenuation according to the proposed amendment to VW 60360-1 "Protection systems" for wiring harnesses - adhesive tapes": 2019-10

[0186] The noise attenuation measurement is carried out according to the amendment proposal to VW 60360-1 "Protection systems for wiring harnesses - Adhesive tapes": 2019-10. Thermal short-term aging

[0187] The measurement of thermal short-term aging is carried out according to the amendment proposal to VW 60360-1 "Protection systems for wiring harnesses - Adhesive tapes": 2019-10. The measurements are carried out at 130 °C (temperature class B). softening point

[0188] The softening point is the temperature (or temperature range) at which amorphous or semi-crystalline polymers transition from a glassy, ​​hard-elastic state to a soft state. The reduction in hardness of such materials at the softening point is clearly demonstrated, for example, by the fact that a body placed on a sample under load will be pressed into it when the softening point is reached. The softening point is generally above the glass transition temperature, but for most polymers, it is significantly below the temperature at which they completely transition into the liquid state.

[0189] The measurement of the softening point is performed according to ASTM E28-99 (2009), known as the Ring & Ball (R&B) method. Measurement of glass transition temperatures

[0190] The glass transition temperatures were determined on the Netzsch DSC 204 F1 "Phoenix" dynamic differential calorimeter (DSC) in 25 µl aluminum crucibles with perforated lids under a nitrogen atmosphere (20 ml / min gas flow). The sample weight was 8 ± 1 mg. The samples were heated twice from -140 °C to 200 °C at a heating rate of 10 K / min. The second heating curve was evaluated.

[0191] The method is based on DIN 53 765. Dynamic viscosity measurement

[0192] Viscosity measurement is performed with a Rheometric Scientific DSR 200 N rheometer at room temperature and in rotation mode at a shear rate of 0.01s -1< with a cone-plate system with a diameter of 25 mm, or alternatively at a shear rate of 10s -1< . Value

[0193] The gel value is determined by Soxhlet extraction, a continuous extraction process used to extract soluble components from polymers. In the case of determining the gel value of (aqueous) polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesives, a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, is used to extract the soluble components of the polymer—the so-called sol—from the insoluble components—the so-called gel. Preparation: The compound to be extracted is applied in a thin film—typically 120 µm thick—to siliconized release paper and dried for approximately 12 hours at 80 °C (convection drying oven). The films are then stored in a desiccator with a desiccant. Whatman type 603 extraction tubes are dried for 12 hours at 80 °C, their tare weight is determined, and they are stored in the desiccator until needed. Determination of monetary value

[0194] Approximately 1 g of pressure-sensitive adhesive is weighed into an extraction flask. A 100 ml round-bottom flask of the Soxhlet apparatus is filled with 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and heated to boiling. THF vapors rise through the vapor tube of the Soxhlet apparatus and condense in the condenser, and the THF drips into the extraction flask, extracting the sol. During the extraction, the THF, along with the extracted sol, flows back into the flask. The dissolved sol gradually accumulates in the flask. After 72 hours of continuous extraction, the sol is completely dissolved in the THF. The extraction flask is then removed—after the apparatus has cooled to room temperature—and dried for 12 hours at 80 °C. The flasks are stored in a desiccator until a constant mass is achieved and then weighed.

[0195] The gel value of the polymer is calculated using the following formula: Gelwert = m 3 − m 1 m 2 − m 1 ⋅ 100 % with m 1 : mass extraction sleeve, empty m 2 : mass extraction sleeve + polymer m 3 : mass extraction sleeve + gel Bending stiffness

[0196] The bending stiffness is determined using a KWS basic 2000mN softometer (Wolf Messtechnik GmbH). (MD) stands for machine direction, meaning the bending stiffness is determined in the machine direction.

Claims

1. Adhesive tape particularly for wrapping cables, comprising a textile carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied on at least one side of the carrier, where starting materials used for the textile carrier comprise fibres of recycled polyethylene terephthalate, where the fraction of the recycled fibres is at least 50 wt% and where the fibres are staple fibres or continuous filaments or are processed to form yarns, where the adhesive coatweight, based on the carrier area, is between 40 and 160 g / m2, where the fibres are produced from raw material which is mechanically washed and thereafter comminuted mechanically into flakes, which are subsequently melted and processed to form the fibres.

2. Adhesive tape according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fraction of the recycled fibres in the textile carrier is more than 50 wt%, preferably 70 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more, more preferably 100 wt%.

3. Adhesive tape according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fraction of the recycled fibres in the textile carrier is 100 wt%.

4. Adhesive tape according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier is a textile carrier, preferably a nonwoven material or a woven fabric.

5. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile carrier material used comprises stitchbonded fabrics, these being textile sheetlike structures which are produced by looping of incorporated knitting threads into a sheetlike base material, and preferably stitchbonded nonwovens, these being textile sheetlike structures with fibre nonwoven as base material which are consolidated by looping of incorporated knitting threads, or by overstitching with additional stitching yarn.

6. Adhesive tape according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the textile carrier material used comprises knit-bonded nonwovens, these being textile sheetlike structures which are produced, without using threads, by formation of fibre loops from primary fibre nonwoven, and preferably stitchbonded nonwovens, these being textile sheetlike structures with fibre nonwoven as base material which are consolidated by looping of incorporated knitting threads.

7. Adhesive tape according to Claim 5, characterized in that the textile carrier material used comprises stitchbonded nonwovens in the form of Maliwatts, preferably having a basis weight of 50 to 200 g / m2, more particularly 65 to 190 g / m2, having a linear fibre density of 2 to 5 denier, a fibre length of 30 to 90 mm and / or a stitching thread count of 15 to 25 threads / 25 mm.

8. Adhesive tape according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carrier is woven fabric and more preferably is constructed as follows: • the thread count in the warp is 10 to 60 / cm • the thread count in the weft is 10 to 40 / cm • the warp threads possess a yarn weight of between 40 and 400 dtex, more particularly between 44 and 330 dtex, very preferably of 167 dtex • the weft threads possess a yarn weight of between 40 and 660 dtex, more particularly between 44 and 400 dtex, very preferably of 167 dtex.

9. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive coatweight, based on the carrier area, is between 50 and 100 g / m2, preferably between 50 and 90 g / m2.

10. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive coating is a self-adhesive coating, preferably based on natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber, acrylate or silicone.

11. Use of an adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims for jacketing an elongate item, the adhesive tape being guided in a helical line around the elongate item.

12. Use of an adhesive tape according to at least one of Claims 1 to 10 for jacketing an elongate item, the elongate item being enveloped in an axial direction by the tape.

13. Elongate item, such as in particular a cable harness, jacketed with an adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims.

14. Vehicle comprising a jacketed elongate item according to Claim 13.