VACUUM SWITCHING UNIT AND VACUUM SWITCH

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a vacuum switching unit of a vacuum switch and a vacuum switch.

[0002] Vacuum switches, such as... B.Vacuum switches, known from WC 2020 / 025407 A1, WO 02 / 097839 A1, and US 2017 / 287662 A1, are circuit breakers in which switching contact elements movable relative to each other are arranged in a vacuum switching tube (vacuum switching chamber). A vacuum switching unit corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 is known from CN 112 435 889 A. Vacuum switches are particularly low-maintenance, durable, and easy to actuate. To meet voltage requirements, a vacuum switch can have several vacuum switching tubes whose switching sections are electrically connected in series. In this case, a voltage distribution across the vacuum switching tubes adapted to their respective switching sections is sought (when the switching sections of the vacuum switching tubes are open) to prevent overloading of individual vacuum switching tubes.For example, when several vacuum switching tubes of the same design are connected in series, the aim is to achieve the most uniform voltage distribution possible across the vacuum switching tubes.

[0003] To achieve the desired voltage distribution across the vacuum switching tubes, passive electrical components such as control capacitors and / or control resistors are connected in parallel. However, these components increase the installation space required for a vacuum switch. Particularly in vacuum switches using purified and dehumidified compressed air as the insulating medium surrounding the vacuum switching tubes and conventional control capacitors, relatively large insulation distances are necessary between a vacuum switching tube and a control capacitor, as well as between a control capacitor and the metallic housing of the vacuum switch, because compressed air has a relatively low dielectric strength (compared to other insulating gases such as sulfur hexafluoride).

[0004] The invention is based on the objective of enabling voltage control in a vacuum switch by means of control capacitors with a small space requirement.

[0005] The object is achieved according to the invention by a vacuum switching unit with the features of claim 1 and a vacuum switch with the features of claim 13.

[0006] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0007] A vacuum switching unit of a vacuum switch according to the invention comprises a vacuum switching tube, an insulating sleeve surrounding the vacuum switching tube, which extends around a longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube in a tube-like manner and is made of an insulating material, and several capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve.

[0008] A vacuum switching unit according to the invention thus has, instead of a conventional control capacitor or several such control capacitors, a plurality of capacitor electrodes integrated into an insulating sleeve surrounding the vacuum switching tube. In other words, according to the invention, the capacitance of conventional control capacitors is distributed among capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve. This allows the insulation distances of the capacitor electrodes from the vacuum switching tube and a metallic switch housing of the vacuum switch to be reduced compared to conventional control capacitors, which saves space, particularly when the switch housing is filled with purified and dehumidified compressed air as an insulating gas. The insulating sleeve also advantageously acts as a solid insulator, which enhances the effect of the insulating gas.

[0009] In one embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the capacitor electrodes each extend in a ring-shaped or partially ring-shaped configuration around the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube. This advantageously achieves a uniform distribution of the capacitances of the capacitor electrodes around the vacuum switching tube.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, pairs of concentrically arranged capacitor electrodes with mutually facing electrode surfaces are formed by capacitor electrodes, and the pairs of concentrically arranged capacitor electrodes are axially spaced apart from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube. For example, each pair of concentrically arranged capacitor electrodes is formed by one capacitor electrode running along a surface of the insulating sleeve facing the vacuum switching tube and one capacitor electrode running along a surface of the insulating sleeve facing away from the vacuum switching tube. The concentrically arranged capacitor electrodes are formed, for example, by electrically conductive lacquer layers applied to the insulating sleeve.

[0011] In the aforementioned embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least some of the capacitor electrodes form annular or semi-annular capacitors with concentric electrode surfaces that are axially spaced apart. Arranging the capacitor electrodes on opposing surfaces of the insulating sleeve advantageously simplifies the integration of the capacitor electrodes into the insulating sleeve, particularly when the capacitor electrodes are formed from electrically conductive lacquer layers.

[0012] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, capacitor electrodes extend axially spaced apart from one another within the insulating sleeve with respect to the longitudinal axis of the insulating sleeve and have electrode surfaces facing each other. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least some of the capacitor electrodes thus form capacitors with axially spaced electrode surfaces.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, pairs of capacitor electrodes with opposing electrode surfaces form capacitors that are connected in series by electrical conductors integrated into the insulating sleeve. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, electrical conductors are thus integrated into the insulating sleeve alongside the capacitor electrodes, electrically connecting the capacitors formed by the capacitor electrodes in series. Similarly, capacitors formed by capacitor electrodes can be connected in parallel to one another by electrical conductors integrated into the insulating sleeve, particularly if the capacitor electrodes of these capacitors are partially ring-shaped.

[0014] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least one electrical resistor is integrated into the insulating sleeve, which is connected in series or parallel to at least one capacitor formed by two capacitor electrodes via electrical conductors integrated into the insulating sleeve. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least one electrical resistor is thus integrated into the insulating sleeve in addition to the capacitor electrodes, and is connected in series or parallel to at least one of these capacitors.

[0015] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the vacuum switching tube has at least one shielding electrode which is electrically conductively connected and / or capacitively coupled to a capacitor electrode. This embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention thus provides for a direct and / or capacitive coupling of capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve with electrical potentials on which shielding electrodes of the vacuum switching tube are located.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is made of a thermoplastic such as polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene terephthalate (PETP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or polyamide (PA6.6), or of an epoxy resin containing a permittivity-enhancing filler such as barium titanate (BaTiO3). In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is manufactured by a conventional method, for example, by injection molding. This embodiment is preferred when the capacitor electrodes can be easily integrated into the insulating sleeve, for example, on its surfaces.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is manufactured together with the capacitor electrodes by 3D printing. For example, the insulating sleeve is printed from polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), PVDF, or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and the capacitor electrodes are printed from an electrically conductive filament. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve and the capacitor electrodes are manufactured together by 3D printing. This embodiment is preferred for geometrically complex designs of the insulating sleeve and / or capacitor electrodes, particularly for capacitor electrodes embedded in the insulating sleeve.

[0018] In the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least one region of a surface of the vacuum switching tube facing the insulating sleeve and / or at least one region of a surface of the insulating sleeve facing the vacuum switching tube has a coating that homogenizes an electric field between the insulating sleeve and the vacuum switching tube. For example, such a coating is made of a semiconducting material. This design of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention enables the avoidance or at least reduction of partial discharges between the insulating sleeve and the vacuum switching tube.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is composed of at least two sleeve parts. This embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention is advantageous if the outer diameter of the vacuum switching tube varies along its longitudinal axis. In such a case, assembling the insulating sleeve from several sleeve parts allows for the assembly of an insulating sleeve with a geometry adapted to the shape of the vacuum switching tube.

[0020] A vacuum switch according to the invention comprises at least one vacuum switching unit according to the invention. In particular, the vacuum switch can comprise several vacuum switching units according to the invention, the switching sections of which are electrically connected in series. As already explained above, in vacuum switches with several vacuum switching tubes whose switching sections are electrically connected in series, a voltage distribution across the vacuum switching tubes is important to prevent overloading of individual vacuum switching tubes. Therefore, vacuum switching units according to the invention are particularly suitable for such vacuum switches with several vacuum switching tubes.

[0021] The properties, features, and advantages of this invention described above, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more readily understandable in connection with the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. These drawings show: FIG 1 a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, FIG 2 a detail of a sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, FIG 3 a sectional view of a third embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, FIG 4 a detail of a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, and FIG 5 a block diagram of a vacuum switch with two vacuum switching units.

[0022] Corresponding parts are marked with the same reference symbols in the figures.

[0023] Figure 1 (FIG 1Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 of a vacuum switch according to the invention. The vacuum switching unit 1 comprises a vacuum switching tube 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum switching tube 3, and several capacitor electrodes 7, 8 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5.

[0024] The vacuum switching tube 3 has a switching tube housing formed by a metallic central region 13, two metallic end regions 15, 17, and two insulating regions 19, 21. The central region 13 has a larger diameter than the end regions 15, 17 and the insulating regions 19, 21 and is arranged between the insulating regions 19, 21. The insulating regions 19, 21 are each made of an electrically non-conductive material, for example, a ceramic material. In the illustrated embodiment, each insulating region 19, 21 is composed of three annular insulating segments 23. The end regions 15, 17 form opposite end faces of the switching tube housing.

[0025] Furthermore, the vacuum switching tube 3 has two electrically conductive switching contact elements 25, 27. A first switching contact element 25 is fixedly connected to a first end region 15 of the switching tube housing and extends through a first insulating region 19 into the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. The second switching contact element 27 is, by a mechanism not shown, positioned relative to the first switching contact element 25 between a first switching position, in which the switching contact elements 25, 27 touch, and a position in Figure 1The second switching position shown, in which the switching contact elements 25, 27 are spaced apart, is movable. The second switching contact element 27 is led out of the switching tube housing through an opening in the second end region 17 and projects through the second insulating region 21 into the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. One end of a metallic bellows 29 is attached to the second switching contact element 27, the other end of which is connected to the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing and which surrounds the second switching contact element 27 between its ends.

[0026] Furthermore, the vacuum switching tube 3 has several shielding electrodes 31 to 34. A first shielding electrode 31 is arranged at the first end region 15 of the switching tube housing, projects from the first end region 15 into the interior of the switching tube housing and surrounds the first switching contact element 25 in a ring-like manner. A second shielding electrode 32 is arranged at an end of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing facing the first end region 15 and surrounds the first switching contact element 25 in a ring-like manner.

[0027] A third shielding electrode 33 is arranged at the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing, projects from the second end region 17 into the interior of the switching tube housing and surrounds the second switching contact element 27 and the bellows 29 in a ring shape. A fourth shielding electrode 34 is arranged at an end of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing facing the second end region 17 and surrounds the second switching contact element 25 in a ring shape.

[0028] The inner surface of the central area 13 of the switching tube housing and the shielding electrodes 32, 34 form in particular vapor shields which absorb material evaporating from the switching contact elements 25, 27 and thereby prevent this material from depositing on the inner walls of the insulation areas 19, 21 and impairing their electrically insulating effect.

[0029] The insulating sleeve 5 extends in a tubular fashion around a longitudinal axis 37 of the vacuum switching tube 3. The insulating sleeve 5 is composed of two sleeve parts 5.1 and 5.2. A first sleeve part 5.1 extends around the first insulating area 19 and a first part of the central area 13 of the switching tube housing. The second sleeve part 5.2 extends around the second insulating area 21 and a second part of the central area 13 of the switching tube housing. During the manufacture of the vacuum switching unit 1, the first sleeve part 5.1 is slid over the switching tube housing from the side of the first end area 15, and the second sleeve part 5.2 is slid over the switching tube housing from the side of the second end area 17.

[0030] Each capacitor electrode 7, 8 extends within the insulating sleeve 5, i.e., embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, in a ring-like arrangement around the longitudinal axis 37. In this embodiment, the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 form six pairs of concentrically arranged capacitor electrodes 41 to 46 with their electrode surfaces facing each other, such that each pair of electrodes 41 to 46 has an inner capacitor electrode 7 and an outer capacitor electrode 8 extending around the inner capacitor electrode 7. The electrode pairs 41 to 46 are axially spaced apart from each other with respect to the longitudinal axis 37, with three electrode pairs 41 to 43 arranged around the first insulating region 19 and three further electrode pairs 44 to 46 arranged around the second insulating region 21.

[0031] Electrical conductors 47 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5 electrically connect the outer capacitor electrodes 8 of a first electrode pair 41 and a second electrode pair 42. Similarly, the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the second electrode pair 42 and a third electrode pair 43 are electrically connected, so that the electrode pairs 41 to 43 form capacitors connected in series. Further conductors 47 can be connected between these capacitors and / or in parallel with these capacitors, analogous to the connection described in [reference missing]. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, electrical resistors 49 are connected, which are integrated into the insulating shell 5.

[0032] Furthermore, the inner capacitor electrode 7 of the first electrode pair 41 is electrically connected to the first end region 15 of the switching tube housing, and the outer capacitor electrode 8 of the third electrode pair 43 is electrically connected to the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. Instead of electrically conductive connections, purely capacitive couplings of these capacitor electrodes 7, 8 to the electrical potentials on which the first end region 15 and the central region 13, respectively, are located, can also be provided.

[0033] Accordingly, the outer capacitor electrodes 8 of a fourth electrode pair 44 and a fifth electrode pair 45, as well as the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the fifth electrode pair 45 and the sixth electrode pair 46, are electrically connected to one another, so that the electrode pairs 44 to 46 also form capacitors connected in series. Electrical resistors 49, which are integrated into the insulating shell 5, can also be connected between these capacitors and / or in parallel with them.

[0034] Furthermore, the inner capacitor electrode 7 of the fourth electrode pair 44 is electrically connected to the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing, and the outer capacitor electrode 8 of the sixth electrode pair 46 is electrically connected to the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. Alternatively, instead of electrically conductive connections, purely capacitive couplings of these capacitor electrodes 7, 8 to the electrical potentials on which the second end region 17 and the central region 13 are located, respectively, can also be provided.

[0035] The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5, together with the capacitor electrodes 7, 8, electrical conductors 47, and, if applicable, the electrical resistors 49 integrated therein, are manufactured, for example, by 3D printing. The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 are printed, for example, from PLA, ABS, PVDF, or CPE, and the capacitor electrodes 7, 8, the electrical conductors 47, and, if applicable, the electrical resistors 49 are printed from an electrically conductive filament.

[0036] For example, the interaction of the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 results in a control capacitance in the range of 10 pF to 500 pF.

[0037] Figure 2 (FIG 2 ) shows a section of a sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum switching unit according to the invention. 1.The vacuum switching unit 1 in turn comprises a vacuum switching tube 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum switching tube 3, and several capacitor electrodes 7, 8 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The in Figure 2 The illustrated embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 according to the invention differs from the one shown in Figure 1 The embodiment shown is essentially distinguished only by the arrangement of the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 and their electrical coupling to the shield electrodes 31 to 35 of the vacuum switching tube 3, wherein the vacuum switching tube 3, in addition to the shield electrodes 31 to 34 of the Figure 1 The embodiment shown has further shielding electrodes 35, each of which runs in a ring shape between two adjacent insulation segments 23 of the insulation areas 19, 21 of the switching tube housing.

[0038] The capacitor electrodes 7, 8 in turn form electrode pairs 41 to 46, wherein the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 of each electrode pair 41 to 46 are concentric and have opposing electrode surfaces. In contrast to the one in Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, however, the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are not arranged within the insulating sleeve 5, i.e., embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, but rather the inner capacitor electrodes 7 extend in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37 on a surface of the insulating sleeve 5 facing the vacuum switching tube 3, and the outer capacitor electrodes 8 extend in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37 on a surface of the insulating sleeve 5 facing away from the vacuum switching tube 3. Furthermore, there are differences compared to the one in Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, no capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are connected to each other by electrical conductors 47, and the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the electrode pairs 42, 43, 45 and 46 are each electrically connected to a shield electrode 35, which is arranged between two adjacent insulation segments 23.

[0039] According to the invention, areas of the surface of the insulating sleeve 5 not covered by capacitor electrodes 7, which faces the vacuum switching tube 3, and areas of the surface of the vacuum switching tube 3 opposite these areas, which also face the insulating sleeve 5, have coatings 48, for example with a semiconducting material, which homogenize an electric field in the space between the insulating sleeve 5 and the vacuum switching tube 3. Such coatings 48 can also be provided in the embodiments described in the Figure 1 , 3 or 4 shown.

[0040] The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5 of the in Figure 2 The vacuum switching unit 1 shown is manufactured, for example, from a thermoplastic such as POM, PETP, PVDF or PA6.6 or from an epoxy resin containing a permittivity-enhancing filler such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), using a conventional method such as injection molding. The capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are then applied to the insulating sleeve 5, for example as metal electrodes or as electrically conductive lacquer layers.

[0041] Figure 3 (FIG 3 Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1. The vacuum switching unit 1 comprises a vacuum switching tube 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum switching tube 3, and several capacitor electrodes 9 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The vacuum switching tube 3 and the insulating sleeve 5 are arranged as in the embodiment shown in Figure 1. Figure 1The embodiment shown is fully developed and therefore will not be described again here.

[0042] Each capacitor electrode 9 runs within the insulating sleeve 5, that is, embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, in a ring-shaped configuration around the longitudinal axis 37. In each sleeve section 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5, six capacitor electrodes 9 are arranged axially spaced from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis 37, forming three electrode pairs 41, 42, 43 and 44, 45, 46 respectively. These electrode pairs form capacitors electrically connected in series by means of electrical conductors 47 integrated into the respective sleeve section 5.1, 5.2. Electrical resistors 49, which are integrated into the insulating sleeve 5, can also be connected between these capacitors and / or in parallel with them.

[0043] Furthermore, each end region 15, 17 of the switching tube housing is electrically connected to the nearest capacitor electrode 9, and each end of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing facing an end region 15, 17 is electrically connected to the nearest capacitor electrode 9. Analogous to the one described in Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the electrically conductive connections of the end regions 15, 17 and the central region 13 of the switching tube housing with capacitor electrodes 9 can be omitted and are then replaced by purely capacitive electrical couplings of these capacitor electrodes 9 with the electrical potentials on which the end regions 15, 17 and the central region 13 are located.

[0044] The in Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 differs from the one shown in Figure 1The embodiment shown is thus essentially only different in that the two capacitor electrodes 9 of each electrode pair 41 to 46 are not arranged concentrically, but axially spaced apart from each other with axially opposing electrode surfaces. As in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5 together with the capacitor electrodes 9, electrical conductors 47 and, if applicable, the electrical resistors 49 integrated into them are manufactured, for example, by 3D printing.

[0045] Figure 4 (FIG 4 Figure 1 shows a section of a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1. This embodiment differs from the one in Figure 2. Figure 3The illustrated embodiment differs essentially only in the number and spacing of the capacitor electrodes 9 integrated into the sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2, and in the fact that no capacitor electrodes 9 are electrically connected to each other by electrical conductors 47 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The electrical coupling of the capacitor electrodes 9 is therefore purely capacitive, with each capacitor electrode 9 arranged between two other capacitor electrodes 9 forming a capacitor with these two adjacent capacitor electrodes 9.

[0046] Figure 5 (FIG 5 Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a vacuum switch 50 according to the invention. The vacuum switch 50 has a switch housing 51 in which two vacuum switching units 1 are arranged, each functioning like one of those described in the Figures 1 to 4The vacuum switching units 1 shown are designed and their switching sections 52, 53 are electrically connected in series. The switch housing 51 is filled, for example, with purified and dehumidified compressed air. The movable switching contact elements 27 of the vacuum switching units 1 can be driven synchronously to open and close the switching sections 52, 53, for example by a common (not shown) switch actuator.

[0047] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived by the person skilled in the art without leaving the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A vacuum switching unit (1) of a vacuum switch (50), the vacuum switching unit (1) comprising - a vacuum interrupter (3), - an insulating sleeve (5) surrounding the vacuum interrupter (3), which runs in a tubular manner about a longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum interrupter (3) and is made of an insulating material, and - several capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5), characterised in that at least one region of a surface of the vacuum interrupter (3) facing the insulating sleeve (5) and / or at least one region of a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing the vacuum interrupter (3) have a coating (48) which homogenises an electric field between the insulating sleeve (5) and the vacuum interrupter (3).

2. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) each run annularly or partially annularly about the longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum interrupter (3).

3. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein electrode pairs (41 to 46) of concentrically running capacitor electrodes (7, 8) with electrode surfaces facing one another are formed by capacitor electrodes (7, 8), and the electrode pairs (41 to 46) of concentrically running capacitor electrodes (7, 8) are axially spaced apart from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum interrupter (3).

4. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 3, wherein each electrode pair (41 to 46) of concentrically running capacitor electrodes (7, 8) is formed by a capacitor electrode (7) running on a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing the vacuum interrupter (3) and a capacitor electrode (8) running on a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing away from the vacuum interrupter (3).

5. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 4, wherein the concentrically running capacitor electrodes (7, 8) are formed by electrically conductive lacquer layers applied to the insulating sleeve (5).

6. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein capacitor electrodes (9) run axially spaced apart from one another within the insulating sleeve (5) with respect to the longitudinal axis (37) of the insulating sleeve (5) and have electrode surfaces facing one another.

7. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein electrode pairs (41 to 46) of capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) with electrode surfaces facing one another form capacitors which are connected in series by electrical lines (47) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5).

8. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one electrical resistor (49) is integrated into the insulating sleeve (5) and is connected in series or parallel to at least one capacitor formed by two capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) by electrical lines (47) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5).

9. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vacuum interrupter (3) has at least one shield electrode (31 to 35) which is electrically conductively connected and / or capacitively electrically coupled to a capacitor electrode (7, 8, 9).

10. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) is made of a thermoplastic or epoxy resin which has a filler increasing the permittivity.

11. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) is made together with the capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) by 3D printing.

12. The vacuum switching unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) is composed of at least two sleeve parts (5.1, 5.2).

13. A vacuum switch (50) with at least one vacuum switching unit (1) configured according to any one of the preceding claims.

14. A vacuum switch (50) with several vacuum switching units (1) which are each configured according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and whose switching paths (52, 53) are electrically connected in series.