DOOR DRIVE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a door drive with a freewheel function, comprising a drive mechanism that can be coupled to a door and has a piston element that can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, a closing spring for acting on the piston element in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element in the assembled state of the door drive, wherein at least one reaching of the locking position by the piston element activates the freewheel, according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] A door drive of the type mentioned above is known from EP 0 166 285 A2.

[0003] Purely mechanical door closers with a free-swing function are well known and are used in countless buildings around the world. When a door equipped with such a purely mechanical free-swing door closer is first opened, a mechanical energy storage device, generally a closer spring, is pre-tensioned and held in a pre-tensioned position, while the free-swing function is simultaneously activated. This allows the door to then be moved essentially without resistance and / or without barriers. After the mechanical energy storage device is triggered, for example, by a user or an external trigger signal, the mechanical energy stored in the energy storage device is used to independently close the door or, if necessary, to hold the door closed. This enables the use of such purely mechanical free-swing door closers in critical areas, such as fire doors.

[0004] Since mechanical energy is stored in the closer spring during the initial opening process, this additional mechanical energy, which is required for simply opening the door, must still be applied at least once by the door user. However, this can cause difficulties for certain groups of people or autonomous vehicles, such as young, elderly, and / or physically disabled people or robots, or even make it completely impossible for them to use a door equipped with such a purely mechanical door closer if the energy storage device is not preloaded and the freewheel function is not activated.

[0005] In principle, it is possible to install a separate drive on the door in addition to a purely mechanical door closer. However, since this requires both the purely mechanical door closer and the additional drive, mounting positions are often limited and installation is complex. Furthermore, in addition to the additional costs incurred for such a drive, it requires more space.

[0006] Alternatively, fully automatic door operators can be used. However, the disadvantage of such automatic door operators is that they are more expensive in terms of purchase, installation, maintenance, and operation.

[0007] The aforementioned document EP 0 166 285 A2 discloses a door closer with a closer shaft that can be loaded in the closing direction and that guides the movable piston of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit used for damping purposes. The pressure chamber of the piston-cylinder unit is connected to the unpressurized chamber via a return channel with a throttle device and via a check valve opening towards the pressure chamber. A self-moving support member is connected between the piston and the spring arrangement. This support member can be driven in a controlled manner by external energy in the form of a spring preload depending on the door operation. In order to constantly indicate to the door user that the door leaf they are operating has a door closer and thus prevent accidents, the damping piston is constantly loaded in the closing direction by a second energy accumulator that exerts a lower force than the spring arrangement.

[0008] DE 10 2016 123 516 A1 discloses a free-swing door closer with a door closer shaft mounted so as to be rotatable about its axis of rotation, on which a tensionable door closer spring acts via a gear, in particular applying a drive torque for automatically closing a door or a gate, wherein a driver element is arranged so as to be non-rotatable on the door closer shaft and acts on a lever arm mounted so as to be rotatable on the door closer shaft or the driver element, wherein a clutch is provided, in particular acting only in one direction of rotation, which clutch is connected on the output side to the door closer shaft or to a part connected so as to be non-rotatably to the door closer shaft.A drive for adjusting the clutch itself or a locking mechanism acting on the input side of the clutch is provided such that in one operating position of the drive the door closer shaft can rotate freely in both directions of rotation and in the other operating position of the drive the door closer shaft is prevented from rotating in one direction of rotation.

[0009] EP 0 137 861 A1 discloses a door closer with a closer shaft loaded in the closing direction by a spring arrangement. The closer shaft guides the movable piston of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit serving damping purposes. The pressure chamber of the piston-cylinder unit is connected to its depressurized chamber via a return channel with a throttle device and via a check valve opening toward the pressure chamber. To counteract the force of the spring arrangement acting in the closing direction during the door opening movement, a self-moving support member is connected between the piston and the spring arrangement. This support member can be driven by external energy in the form of a spring preload depending on the door operation.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to at least partially remedy the above-described disadvantages of known purely mechanical door closers and known door drives of the prior art. In particular, the object of the present invention is to create a door drive with freewheel functionality that enables a driven preloading of a mechanical energy storage device, while simultaneously retaining the mechanical closing functionality when the mechanical energy storage device is triggered, and is also designed to be space-saving and cost-effective.

[0011] The above object is achieved by the patent claims. In particular, the object is achieved by a door drive having the features of independent claim 1. Further features and advantages of the door drive according to the invention emerge from the subclaims, the description, and the drawings.

[0012] According to the invention, the object is achieved by a door drive with a freewheel function, comprising a drive mechanism which can be coupled to a door and has a piston element which can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, a closing spring for acting on the piston element in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element in the assembled state of the door drive, wherein at least one reaching of the locking position by the piston element activates the freewheel.

[0013] The drive mechanism for pretensioning the closer spring of the door drive according to the invention comprises an electrical actuating unit with a pulling mechanism, wherein upon actuation of the electrical actuating unit the pulling mechanism pulls the piston element against the force of the closer spring from the starting position into the locking position, in which the actuating unit locks the piston element, so that due to the activated freewheel in the assembled state of the door drive the door can be moved freely manually without being acted upon by the closer spring, wherein upon the occurrence of a triggering situation the actuating unit releases the piston element for a movement counter to the deflection direction into the starting position in order to close the door by means of the force of the closer spring or to hold it in a closed position.

[0014] The door drive according to the invention is intended for use on doors and can therefore be used with them and arranged accordingly. Without limiting the function of the door drive according to the invention, installation on the hinge side or opposite the hinge as well as head installation on a door lintel or installation on a door leaf are possible. By means of a drive mechanism of the door drive that is at least partially arranged in a housing or covered by a hood, in particular for example via a closer shaft, a closer lever and / or a lever-slide rail unit, automatic closing of this door can be enabled after pre-tensioning of the closer spring using the mechanical energy stored in the closer spring.To preload the closing spring, the piston element can be moved from an initial position against the force of the closing spring along its deflection direction, whereby mechanical energy is stored in the closing spring.

[0015] When the piston element reaches the locking position, the closer spring is compressed and the freewheel functionality of the door drive according to the invention is activated. In this way, when the door drive according to the invention is assembled, a decoupling of the door movement from the movement of the piston element is enabled. In addition to the completed pretensioning process described above, other options for activating the freewheel can also be provided, for example when a predeterminable opening angle is exceeded during manual opening of the door. To decoupling the rotary movements of the door and the linear movement of the piston element, the freewheel is mounted, for example, between a closer shaft, the rotation of which is coupled to the axial movement of the piston element, for example via a meshing engagement of a pinion arranged on the closer shaft with a rack section of the piston element, and a closer lever.Alternatively, for example, it is also possible to couple the closer shaft to the movement of the piston element via a cam contour on the closer shaft and a rolling element connected to the piston element. The freewheel enables the door or door leaf to move with at least essentially no resistance. After the closer spring, which represents a mechanical energy store, is triggered, for example by a user or an external trigger signal, the stored mechanical energy is used to close the door independently and, in particular, without power or without current, or to hold the door closed if necessary. This enables the use of this type of door drive in critical areas, for example on fire doors.

[0016] The door drive according to the invention additionally has an electrical actuating unit with a pulling mechanism. This actuating unit can, for example, also be arranged in the housing of the door drive or integrated into it. Flanging or a correspondingly designed external arrangement of the actuating unit on the housing of the remaining door drive is also conceivable. The pulling mechanism is driven by the electrical actuating unit, which is or can be connected to an external and / or internal electrical power supply. This pulling mechanism is at least temporarily mechanically operatively connected to the piston element and, in particular when operatively connected to the piston element, can pull the piston element as the output element of the actuating unit against the force of the closer spring, thereby automatically preloading the closer spring. In particular, this preloading process takes place until the piston element has reached a locked position.In this locking position, the piston element is then locked by the actuating unit.

[0017] Together with the freewheel functionality of the door drive according to the invention, the locking of the piston element in the locking position enables the door to be moved, particularly after the pre-tensioning process, without being acted upon by the closer spring. By appropriately designing the freewheel, the pre-tensioning of the closer spring by the electrical actuating unit can take place completely decoupled from the door and thus without the door moving, for example by means of an easily over-pressurized detent. For example, with a closed door, with the locking latch snapped in, or by manually blocking the door opening movement, the mechanical coupling when pre-tensioning the closer spring can be easily released by an axial pull on the piston element caused by the actuating unit, and the pre-tensioning of the closer spring caused by the electrical actuating unit can take place independently of the rotational movement of the door.At the same time, such a coupling can enable the door to be pulled open during the pre-tensioning process, for example when the door is unlocked and released. This, particularly in conjunction with electrical control of the corresponding door locking device, provides fully automatic door opening, for example for young, old, and / or physically disabled people, or even for autonomous vehicles. Due to the aforementioned ease of release, the mechanical coupling can be released at any time during or after the opening process, particularly when the door is opened at an angle greater than 50°, without great effort, and the door can be put into simple free-wheel mode.

[0018] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention is provided so that the actuating unit releases the piston element upon the occurrence of a triggering situation, for example, upon corresponding triggering by a user or upon receipt of internal or external trigger signals. In other words, upon the occurrence of the triggering situation, the actuating unit releases the piston element from the locked position. At the same time, the closing spring is no longer held and can relax. When the door is open, this results in the mechanical energy stored in the closing spring triggering a closing movement of the door.In particular, the freewheel is designed accordingly, for example, through a positive engagement in the closing direction of the door, so that a movement of the piston element counter to the deflection direction, i.e., in the closing direction from the locking position to the starting position, is coupled via the remaining drive mechanism to a movement of the door, i.e., in particular, a closing movement of the door. When the door is already closed, the closing spring also moves the piston element to its starting position, in which a connection is then formed between the closing shaft and the closing lever, also via the freewheel, which drives the door in the closing direction. In this way, the door is held in the closed position.

[0019] In summary, the door drive according to the invention enables electrically provided pretensioning of the closer spring and, through the internal locking of the piston element by the actuating unit and the freewheel, subsequent operation of the door without being actuated by the closer spring. When the door is released, this pretensioning of the closer spring can also be accompanied by electrically driven opening of the door. At the same time, the door drive according to the invention can be used, for example, on fire doors by closing or keeping the door closed when a triggering situation occurs, which can occur, for example, manually and / or automatically and / or due to a power failure. The integration of the actuating unit as a component of the door drive according to the invention also enables a particularly compact and space-saving design.

[0020] Preferably, the door drive according to the invention can further be provided so that even after the piston element has been moved into the locking position by a manual opening movement of the door, the actuating unit locks the piston element in the locking position. Due to the drive-effective connection in the closing direction of the door, which is already described and made possible by the freewheel, and which enables the door to be closed by the closer spring, within the drive mechanism, a drive-effective connection is automatically established during a manual opening movement of the door by the freewheel, although now the movement of the door causes a displacement of the piston element against the force of the closer spring. In other words, a manual opening movement of the door automatically displaces the piston element along the deflection direction, thereby preloading the closer spring.According to the invention, the actuating unit locks the piston element in the locking position even in this case. Thus, even after a manual opening operation, the above-described advantages, such as the freewheeling mechanism allowing the door to be opened without being actuated by the closing spring, or the closing or keeping the door closed when a triggering situation occurs, can be achieved by the door drive according to the invention.

[0021] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be designed such that the pulling mechanism can be switched between a state coupling the actuating unit and the piston element and a state uncoupling the actuating unit and the piston element, wherein the pulling mechanism assumes the coupling state when the piston element is pulled and locked and the uncoupling state when the piston element is released, preferably automatically. In other words, the pulling mechanism, and thus the actuating unit, can be actively controlled such that a mechanical operative connection can be established and released, for example by a positive engagement or a non-positive frictional connection. In this way, on the one hand, the pulling and holding of the piston element in its locked position and, on the other hand, the release of the piston element can take place particularly easily, safely and, in particular, in a controllable manner.Preferably, the decoupling state can be assumed automatically, for example, when the triggering situation occurs, so that the release of the piston element can be ensured, in particular, for example, in the event of a power failure.

[0022] In the door drive according to the invention, it is further provided that the actuating unit has an electric motor unit, wherein the pulling mechanism can be driven by the electric motor unit for converting a rotary movement of the electric motor unit in a pretensioning direction of rotation into a translatory movement in the deflection direction, wherein upon actuation of the electric motor unit in the pretensioning direction of rotation, the pulling mechanism pulls the piston element against the force of the closing spring from the starting position into the locking position. In contrast to the embodiment described in the previous paragraph, an electric motor unit, which is connected or can be connected to an external and / or internal electrical power supply, is provided, which drives the pulling mechanism. The motor unit can also be designed together with a gear as a combined gear motor unit.The pull mechanism is at least temporarily mechanically operatively connected to both the motor unit and the piston element and can, in particular, convert the rotary movement in the preload direction provided by the motor unit into a translatory movement of the piston element in the deflection direction. When operatively connected to the piston element, the piston element is pulled by the pull mechanism against the force of the closing spring while the motor unit is running, thereby automatically preloading the closing spring. In particular, this preloading process continues until the piston element reaches a locking position. In this locking position, the piston element is then locked by the actuating unit, in particular, for example, by the pull mechanism and / or the electric motor unit.

[0023] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention is characterized in that the pull mechanism has a drive shaft rotatably driven by the electric motor unit, a tubular coupling element connected to the piston element, in particular integrally, and a nut element arranged between the drive shaft and the coupling element and axially displaceable on a drive section of the drive shaft. To form a threaded connection, the coupling element has an internal thread and the nut element has a corresponding external thread, or the nut element has an internal thread and the drive section has a corresponding external thread. Electric motor units, in addition to alternative designs, for example as linear motors, preferably provide a rotating drive on their output side. On the other hand, the axial movement of the piston element is a linear movement.A threaded connection makes it particularly easy to convert a rotational movement into a linear movement, while also allowing high forces to be transmitted.

[0024] A drive shaft driven by the motor unit provides the rotating input movement for the threaded connection, while the coupling element connected to the piston element provides the linear output movement to be transmitted to the piston element. A nut element is provided between the drive shaft and the coupling element. Without limiting functionality, the threaded connection can be provided between the coupling element and the nut element or between the nut element and the drive section of the drive shaft. In the first case, the nut element is mounted on the drive section in a rotationally fixed manner to move the piston element and is axially fixed at least against the deflection direction, so that when the drive section rotates, the nut element also rotates and pulls the coupling element in the deflection direction via the threaded connection.In the second case, for the displacement of the piston element, the nut element is mounted on the coupling element in a rotationally fixed manner and at least in the deflection direction, so that when the drive section rotates, in which the nut element moves along the drive section in the deflection direction via the threaded connection, the coupling element is pulled in the deflection direction with the nut element.

[0025] The door drive according to the invention is designed such that the pulling mechanism has a holding device for fixing the nut element to the drive section in a first holding position and a second holding position at least radially against the pretensioning direction of rotation and at least axially against the deflection direction, wherein when the piston element assumes its initial position, the nut element can be fixed in the first holding position by the holding device, wherein, when the nut element is fixed in the first holding position, the actuation of the electric motor unit in the pretensioning direction of rotation pulls the piston element into the locking position and then the actuating unit locks the closing piston in the locking position,and wherein, when the motor unit is not actuated and after a movement of the piston element into the locking position by a manual opening movement, the nut element can be fixed in the second holding position by the holding device, wherein, when the nut element is fixed in the second holding position, the actuating unit locks the piston element in the locking position. The holding device thus makes it particularly easy to fix the nut element to the drive section in two holding positions, which are particularly axially spaced from one another along the deflection direction, and wherein the first holding position is preferably arranged closer to the piston element along the deflection direction. The first holding position is preferably positioned on the drive section in such a way that the nut element can be fixed in a position,which corresponds to a position of the piston element when the door is closed. The second holding position, in turn, is preferably positioned on the drive section such that the nut element can be fixed in a position that corresponds to a position of the piston element when the door is open, in particular fully open. In this way, it is particularly simple and effective to enable, on the one hand, by fixing the nut element in the first holding position, the pretensioning and subsequent locking of the closing spring or the piston element when the door is closed, and, on the other hand, by fixing the nut element in the second holding position, which is possible after a particularly manual opening of the door and the associated movement of the piston element,The locking of the closing spring or piston element is also possible when the door is manually opened. Since in both cases, loosening the respective fastening of the nut element upon the occurrence of a triggering situation releases the piston element and thus closes or keeps the door closed, the use of the door drive according to the invention on fire doors is also made particularly simple and safe by the presence of such a holding device.

[0026] In one embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, it can further be provided that the holding device has a first holding element and a second holding element, wherein the two holding elements are arranged or mounted on the drive section at a distance from one another along the deflection direction and are each switchable between an engaged position, in which the nut element can be fixed to the drive section in the first holding position or the second holding position, and a release position, in which the fixation of the nut element by the drive section is released. In other words, two holding elements are present in the holding device, the position of which relative to the nut element can each be actively changed. This switching thus enables a controlled and variable change of the two holding elements between their engaged position and release position, in particular variable by means of a further actuator.This allows both the locking of the nut element in one of the two holding positions and its subsequent release to be carried out particularly securely and easily. The functional reliability of the door drive according to the invention, particularly when used on a fire door, can thus be increased, in particular ensured or guaranteed.

[0027] The door drive according to the invention can preferably be designed such that, when the first retaining element assumes its engaged position, the nut element can be fixed in the first holding position by positive engagement of the first retaining element in an engagement receptacle of the nut element, wherein, when the second retaining element assumes its engaged position, the nut element can be fixed in the second holding position by positive engagement of the second retaining element in the engagement receptacle of the nut element. In other words, the engagement receptacle of the nut element and the first or second retaining element have corresponding surfaces. Thus, the positions of the retaining elements on the drive section of the drive shaft are selected such that they correspond to the first or second holding position of the nut element.The engagement receptacle of the nut element enables, in particular, both the first retaining element and the second retaining element to engage in it in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the engagement receptacle can be provided as a one-piece receptacle of an appropriate size, or alternatively as a multi-piece receptacle at the appropriate locations on the nut element. The arrangement of the retaining elements according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that, upon axial movement of the piston element and the coupling element connected thereto, the nut element also moves axially, but the drive shaft, and thus the retaining elements arranged and mounted on it, do not.In this way, a spatial assignment of the first holding element for interaction with the nut element in its first holding position and, at the same time, the second holding element for interaction with the nut element in its second holding position can be made possible and ensured in a particularly simple manner. In this case, the first holding element can particularly preferably be provided for holding or locking the piston element after it has been pulled into its locking position by the actuating unit, while the second holding element, in contrast, can be provided accordingly after the piston element has been moved into the locking position by a door being opened manually. In other words, the configuration described above makes it possible to lock the piston element in its locking position, regardless of how the piston element has been brought into its locking position.

[0028] Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed such that the two retaining elements are designed as pawls that can be set up in a switchable manner, or as ball locking pins that can be extended in a switchable manner. This list is not exhaustive, so that further designs of switchable retaining elements are also possible. In particular, the appropriate retaining elements can be selected for different door drives with different requirements.

[0029] Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention, it can be provided that the first retaining element and the second retaining element are arranged on the drive section without any circumferential offset from one another. This makes it possible for the engagement receptacle of the nut element to be formed as a single piece. Furthermore, the size of this engagement receptacle can even be minimized, since the two retaining elements are arranged on the drive section of the drive shaft without any circumferential offset and thus axially aligned. The structural stability of the nut element can thereby be increased, and in particular, secured.

[0030] The door drive according to the invention can also be characterized in that the holding device has a lifting actuator, preferably an electromagnetic lifting actuator, and a lifting rod which is mounted by the drive shaft, in particular the drive section, and which can be displaced along the deflection direction by the lifting actuator, wherein the two holding elements can preferably be switched jointly between their engagement position and their release position by the lifting rod.

[0031] In other words, in this embodiment, the switching of the two holding elements is carried out by a single, common lifting actuator. Preferably and particularly simply, the lifting actuator can be designed as an electromagnetic lifting actuator with a correspondingly switchable electromagnet. The switching of the two holding elements is carried out via a lifting rod, wherein the two holding elements can preferably be switched together and thus each simultaneously. A separate actuator for each of the two holding elements is therefore not necessary and can thus be avoided. By appropriately adapting the design of the drive shaft, in particular of the drive section, the lifting rod is slidably mounted on the drive shaft. In particular, the lifting rod can make it possible for the actual lifting actuator to be arranged away from the holding elements.A particularly compact design of the actuating unit and thus of the entire door drive according to the invention can thus be made possible.

[0032] Preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed such that the lifting actuator has a setting spring acting on the lifting rod along the deflection direction, wherein the setting spring exerts a force on the two retaining elements via the lifting rod in the direction of their respective release positions. In other words, without activation, the lifting actuator, and thus the entire actuating unit, is held by the setting spring in a state in which the retaining elements are arranged in their release position, thus releasing the nut element from one of the holding positions.This has the particular advantage that, after the closing spring has been pre-tensioned and the piston element has been locked in its locking position, both by the electric motor unit and manually, in the event of a power failure, which may be accompanied by or even constitute a triggering situation, the piston element is reliably released for movement opposite the deflection direction, and thus in the closing direction, back to its original position. As a result, the door is closed or held in a closed position when the triggering situation occurs, even without an external power supply.

[0033] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be provided with the two retaining elements being spring-loaded on one side toward their engaged position, whereby the retaining elements can be reversibly moved by the nut element from the respective engaged position toward their release position, particularly when the motor unit is not actuated and after a manual opening movement of the piston element into the locking position. During operation of the door drive according to the invention, situations can arise in which the nut element moves in the deflection direction and overruns the axial position of one of the retaining elements. This can be the second retaining element, for example, during a manually performed opening process.Another example is the situation after a motorized preloading and subsequent release of the piston element, in which the nut element is located axially between the piston element and the first retaining element at the end of the piston element's movement to its initial position. By designing the retaining elements with a spring-loaded preload in the direction of their engaged position, it is possible for the nut element to easily override the position of the respective retaining element during its movement in the deflection direction along the drive shaft, thereby pushing the retaining element from the engaged position into the released position.Subsequently, i.e. when the nut element has passed the position of the holding element, the holding element automatically returns to its engagement position and full functionality, in particular with regard to a possible engagement of the holding element in the engagement receptacle of the nut element, is restored.

[0034] The door drive according to the invention can also be designed such that, for resetting the actuating unit, the drive section extends beyond the first holding element counter to the deflection direction to such an extent that, after the nut element is released from the first holding position and the piston element subsequently moves counter to the deflection direction into the starting position, the nut element continues to be mounted on the drive section in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. As already described above, after motor-driven pretensioning and subsequent release of the piston element, the nut element is located axially between the piston element and the first holding element at the end of the piston element's movement in its starting position.By mounting the nut element on the drive section in an axially displaceable yet rotationally fixed manner, which is extended beyond the first retaining element for this purpose, it is possible for the nut element to also rotate when the drive section rotates and to be displaced along the drive section in the direction of deflection by the threaded connection. This makes it particularly easy to reset the actuator to its initial state, for which the nut element is returned to its first holding position.

[0035] Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention, it can be provided that the drive section has an axially constant, non-circular cross-section, wherein a central opening of the nut element is adapted to the cross-section of the drive shaft and thus the nut element is mounted on the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. Due to the non-circular cross-section of the drive section and the central opening of the nut element adapted thereto, the nut element is supported in a form-fitting manner on the drive section when the drive shaft rotates and thus follows the rotation of the drive shaft. Since the cross-section of the drive section is also axially constant, an axial displacement of the nut element on the drive section is nevertheless possible as an alternative to or simultaneously with the rotational drive.All of the functionalities described above, in particular both the motorized pulling and the manual displacement of the piston element along the deflection direction as well as the resetting of the actuating unit, can be made particularly simple and safe by these mutually adapted designs of the cross section of the drive section and the central opening of the nut element.

[0036] In an alternative embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, it can be designed such that the two holding elements are designed as holding projections, in particular each having a radial stop surface and an axial stop surface, which are provided radially projecting on the drive section and arranged axially and circumferentially offset from one another on the drive section. In this alternative embodiment, the holding elements of the holding device are fixedly arranged on the drive section. In this case, the two holding projections as such can preferably be designed identically. As holding elements, the holding projections are provided for positive engagement in the engagement receptacle of the nut element.The axial offset of the two retaining projections is preferably selected such that the first retaining projection, which is positioned closer to the piston element on the drive section and thus corresponds to the first retaining element, is assigned to the first retaining position of the nut element, and correspondingly the second retaining projection, which is positioned further away from the piston element on the drive section and thus corresponds to the second retaining element, is assigned to the second retaining position of the nut element. In particular, the retaining elements are formed by retaining projections, i.e., by regions in which elements protrude radially beyond the otherwise existing cross-section of the drive section. Thus, the arrangement or orientation of these retaining projections with respect to the drive section is fixed and cannot be actively switched.A complex switching mechanism for switching the holding elements between their engaged position and their released position can therefore be dispensed with.

[0037] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be provided with the retaining projections being switchable between the release position and the engagement position by rotating the drive shaft. In this embodiment, too, active switching between the two positions of the retaining elements can be realized, even without the two retaining projections forming the retaining elements themselves being switchable. In particular, because the drive shaft can be set in rotation directly by the electric motor unit, this switching between the positions of the retaining elements can be achieved entirely without additional actuators.

[0038] Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be designed such that the retaining projections can be adjusted from the release position into the engaged position upon rotation of the drive shaft in the preloading direction of rotation, and from the engaged position into the release position upon rotation of the drive shaft counter to the preloading direction of rotation. As already described above, when the nut element is fixed in its first holding position, the piston element can be pulled from the initial position into its locking position by rotating the drive shaft in the preloading direction of rotation.Due to the preferred embodiment in which rotation of the drive shaft in the preloading direction also causes the retaining projections to move from the release position into the engaged position, in which the nut element can be fixed in one of its holding positions, the fixing of the nut element, particularly in the first holding position, which is necessary for pulling the piston element, can thus be enabled automatically before the start of pulling and can be ensured in a particularly simple manner. With a nut element in the second holding position, the rotation of the drive section in the preloading direction also causes the corresponding retaining projection to engage the engagement receptacle of the nut element and thus also locks the piston element in its locking position.

[0039] Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention, it can be provided that the engagement receptacle of the nut element has a stop section for the holding projections, in particular with a radial stop region and an axial stop region, wherein the stop section can be contacted radially and axially in a form-fitting manner in its engaged position by the holding projection forming the first holding element, and the nut element can thereby be fixed in its first holding position, and wherein the stop section can be contacted radially and axially in a form-fitting manner in its engaged position by the holding projection forming the second holding element, and the nut element can thereby be fixed in its second holding position. The stop section of the engagement receptacle can, in particular, enable both an axial and a radial stop of the respective holding projection in the engagement receptacle.The radial stop causes the nut element to be driven during rotation of the drive shaft, particularly in the preload direction of rotation, while the axial stop causes the nut element to be axially fixed to the drive section, particularly counter to the deflection direction. In other words, in a first holding section in its engaged position, the nut element can be driven by the drive shaft for rotation in the preload direction of rotation, while simultaneously preventing axial movement of the nut element. Thus, the coupling element and the associated piston element are automatically pulled in the deflection direction via the threaded connection and can then be locked and held in their locking position.The locking of the piston element in its locking position can be made possible even after a deflection by a manual opening movement of the door by the axial abutment of the second retaining projection on the axial stop area of ​​the engagement receptacle of the nut element.

[0040] In a further developed embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, it can further be provided that the holding projections are arranged on the drive section so as to be circumferentially offset from one another that, when the drive shaft is in a rotational position in which the holding projection forming the first holding element is arranged in its engaged position in form-fitting contact with the stop section, the holding projection forming the second holding element is in its release position, and vice versa. The circumferential offset can in particular ensure that, after a release from the second holding position, i.e. after a manual deflection of the piston element into its locking position, the nut element is automatically arranged in the first holding position with the first holding projection in its engaged position after the piston element has moved back into its starting position.This avoids the need for complex realignment of the actuator. Conversely, with the nut element in its first holding position and the first holding projection in its engaged position, the nut element can be lifted off the first holding projection in the deflection direction without the second holding projection blocking this movement of the nut element along the drive section. Manual opening of the door beyond the locking position of the piston element and / or a manual opening of the door, which is faster than a motor-driven opening process, is thus also possible without being hindered by the holding projections.

[0041] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed such that the axial stop region of the stop section and the axial stop surface of the retaining projection, which forms the first retaining element, and the axial stop surface of the retaining projection, which forms the second retaining element, are aligned perpendicular to the deflection direction. The positive engagement of the axial stop region on one of the two axial stop surfaces causes, among other things, the piston element to be locked in its locked position and, in this case, is the main point of application of the force stored in the closer spring. By aligning the axial stop region and the axial stop surface of the corresponding retaining projection perpendicular to the deflection direction, it can be ensured that no force, or at least only an insignificant force, acts on the drive shaft in the direction of rotation.To prevent rotation of the drive shaft and thus hold the corresponding retaining projection in its engaged position, the electric motor unit must generate little or no force. When a triggering situation occurs, the drive shaft is actively rotated by the electric motor unit, thereby disengaging the corresponding retaining projection from the engagement receptacle of the nut element.

[0042] Alternatively, the door drive according to the invention can be provided with the axial stop region of the stop section and the axial stop surface of the retaining projection forming the first retaining element and the axial stop surface of the retaining projection forming the second retaining element being oriented obliquely, in particular at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85°, to the deflection direction. In contrast to the embodiment described above, this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention provides that by aligning the axial stop region and the axial stop surface of the corresponding retaining projection obliquely, in particular at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85°, to the deflection direction, a non-negligible portion of the force stored in the closing spring acts on the drive shaft in the rotational direction at all times.To prevent rotation of the drive shaft and thus hold the corresponding retaining projection in its engaged position, the electric motor unit must continuously generate a corresponding counterforce to prevent unwanted rotation of the drive shaft. At the same time, however, this can be exploited when a triggering situation occurs, as the counterforce generated by the electric motor unit can then simply be terminated. The drive shaft then rotates, driven by the closing spring, and the engagement of the corresponding retaining projection in the engagement receptacle of the nut element is automatically terminated.In particular, this has the advantage that even in the event of a power failure, which may be accompanied by or even constitute a triggering situation, the piston element is automatically released to move in the opposite direction of deflection, and thus in the closing direction, back to its original position. As a result, when the triggering situation occurs, the door is closed or held in a closed position even without an external power supply.

[0043] According to a further embodiment, the door drive according to the invention can further comprise that, for resetting the actuating unit, the holding projection forming the first holding element is extended axially counter to the deflection direction to such an extent that, after the nut element is released from the first holding position and the subsequent movement of the piston element counter to the deflection direction into the starting position, the nut element is mounted on the drive section in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner, at least during rotation of the drive shaft in the pretensioning direction of rotation. In this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, too, after motor-driven pretensioning and subsequent release of the piston element, the nut element is located axially between the piston element and the first holding element at the end of the movement of the piston element in its starting position.By axially displaceable and simultaneously rotationally fixed mounting of the nut element on the drive section, whose first holding element, i.e., the first holding projection, is extended correspondingly counter to the deflection direction for this mounting, it is possible for the nut element to also rotate upon rotation of the drive section and to be displaced in the deflection direction along the drive section by the threaded connection. In this embodiment, too, a particularly simple resetting of the actuating unit to its basic state, for which the nut element is, in particular, returned to its first holding position, is made possible.

[0044] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the freewheel has a freewheel stop arranged on a closer shaft, in particular on a freewheel cam, and a freewheel pin arranged on a closer lever and laterally resting against the freewheel stop when the door is in the closed position and the motor unit is not actuated. The freewheel stop is carried along by the freewheel pin during a manual opening movement and lifts off the freewheel pin when the piston element is pulled into its locking position by the actuating unit, or vice versa. Both designs of the freewheel enable the pretensioning of the closer spring caused by the electrical actuating unit to take place completely decoupled from the door and thus without any movement of the door.For this purpose, the freewheel element arranged on the closer shaft lifts off from the freewheel element arranged on the closer lever during a motor-driven movement of the piston element in its locked position. As already explained above, the freewheel can also be optionally provided to enable an easily releasable mechanical coupling of the rotation of the closer shaft with the movement of the closer lever, for example, through an easily overridden detent. In this way, particularly in conjunction with an electrical control of the corresponding door locking device, a completely automatic opening of the door can be enabled, for example for young, old and / or physically disabled people or even for autonomous vehicles.Due to the easy release mentioned above, the mechanical coupling can be released at any time during or after the opening process without great effort and the door can be put into simple free-running mode.

[0045] The door drive according to the invention can also be designed such that, in the assembled state of the door drive, the locking position of the piston element corresponds to an opening angle of the door between 0° and 180°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably 90°. A door opening angle of 50° to 180°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably 90°, with a pre-tensioned closing spring, allows a sufficiently large angular range for opening the door when operated in freewheel mode. This opening angle of the door, corresponding to the locking position of the piston element, can be the maximum opening angle of the door, but can also correspond to a smaller opening angle.

[0046] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be designed so that the triggering situation occurs in the event of a power failure and / or the presence of triggering signals, in particular in an emergency situation, in particular a fire. Triggering signals can also be generated, for example, by sensors built into the door drive according to the invention, for example smoke sensors, heat sensors or the like. Alternatively or additionally, external sensors and / or control systems can also be used as a source of triggering signals. Manual triggering is possible at any time, regardless of this. By classifying a power failure as the occurrence of a triggering situation, it can be avoided that a lack of control of the door drive according to the invention due to a loss of power supply leads to a failure of the emergency closing properties of the door drive according to the invention.

[0047] In the door drive according to the invention, it can also be further provided that the actuating unit comprises control and / or regulating electronics for receiving trigger signals and, based thereon, for controlling and / or regulating the electrical actuating unit. In other words, in this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, the control and / or regulating electronics are integrated into the door drive. The triggering and / or regulated execution of the function of the actuating unit can thus take place directly by the door drive according to the invention. External control devices spatially separated from the door drive can thus be avoided, whereby interruptions in communication connections, which can in particular be wired and / or wireless, between the door drive according to the invention and external control devices, which cannot be ruled out as a source of error, for example in the event of a fire, can be avoided.

[0048] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be designed such that the actuating unit comprises an electrical energy storage device for at least once releasing the piston element for movement counter to the deflection direction into the starting position upon the occurrence of the triggering situation. Particularly when the door drive according to the invention is used on a fire door, it is necessary to sufficiently ensure that the door is closed or kept closed in the event of a fire. This safety for the closing process or keeping the door closed can be significantly increased by an electrical energy storage device in which sufficient electrical energy is stored for at least once releasing the piston element for movement counter to the deflection direction into the starting position.Even in the event of an immediate failure of an external electrical power supply of the door drive according to the invention, closing or keeping the door closed can thus be ensured, in particular in embodiments of the door drive that require an active release of the closing movement, for example by using a type of ballpoint pen mechanism.

[0049] Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed such that the electrical energy storage device stores sufficient electrical energy to enable, in addition to releasing the piston element at least once, the piston element to be moved into its locking position at least once against the force of the closing spring. This configuration, for example, when using a door drive according to the invention on a fire door, makes it possible to reopen the fire door at least once even after it has been triggered in the event of a fire, which leads to the fire door being closed, in order to provide an escape route for young, old, and / or physically disabled persons, for example.

[0050] Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the electrical actuating unit is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, in series with the piston element and / or the closing spring in the deflection direction of the piston element. In other words, an arrangement of the various elements of the door drive according to the invention in series along the deflection direction means that these corresponding elements of the door drive, in particular the entire electrical actuating unit or at least the pulling mechanism, as well as the piston element and / or the closing spring, are arranged next to one another along the deflection direction, wherein the individual elements can also overlap one another. The property of the actuating unit to be able to pull the piston element of the door drive according to the invention in the deflection direction against the force of the closing spring and also to hold it can be realized in a particularly simple and compact manner in this way.

[0051] In one embodiment, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the closing spring is designed as a helical spring, and at least parts of the tension mechanism are arranged inside the closing spring. Coil springs represent particularly preferred embodiments of closing springs because they have a hollow space within them. By arranging at least parts of the tension mechanism in this hollow space, a particularly compact design of the entire door drive according to the invention can be achieved.

[0052] The invention is described below with reference to the figures. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

[0053] They show schematically: Fig. 1 shows a door drive according to the invention with a cover in an external view, Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the door drive according to the invention in a sectional view, Fig. 3 shows the actuating unit of the Fig. 2 shown door drive, Fig. 4Detail views of the holding device of the Fig. 3 shown actuating unit during manual pretensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 5Detail views of the holding device of the Fig. 3 shown actuating unit during a motorized pre-tensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 6 an actuating unit of a further embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, Fig. 7 detailed views of the holding device of the in Fig. 6 shown actuating unit during manual pretensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 8Detail views of the holding device of the Fig. 6shown actuating unit during a motorized pre-tensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 9 an actuating unit of a further embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, Fig. 10 detailed views of the nut element and the drive section of the in Fig. 9 shown actuator, Fig. 11Detail views of the holding device of the Fig. 9 shown actuating unit during manual pretensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 12Detail views of the holding device of the Fig. 9 shown actuating unit during a motorized pre-tensioning of the closing spring, Fig. 13 elements of a further embodiment of a door drive not according to the invention, and Fig. 14 detailed views of the Fig. 13 shown mechanism in the manner of a ballpoint pen mechanism during pre-tensioning of the closing spring.

[0054] Fig. 1shows an external view of a door drive 200 according to the invention. The housing 110 of the door drive 200 is enclosed by a cover. On one side, as shown, for example, on the top side, of the door drive 200, a recess is provided in the cover, and also in the housing 110 (not visible), to accommodate a closer shaft 112, which is connected inside the housing 110 to a drive mechanism 130 (see, for example, Fig. 2 ). The closer shaft 112, in turn, is at least temporarily connected to a closer lever 114 in a drive-effective manner, in order to enable the overall coupling of the drive mechanism 130 to a door. The door drive 200 according to the invention can be mounted on a door leaf or a door lintel, as well as on the hinge side or opposite the hinge side, as required.

[0055] A freewheel 116 is formed between the closer shaft 112 and the closer lever 114 in the door drive 200 according to the invention. As shown, the freewheel 116 can, for example, comprise a freewheel stop 118 formed as a freewheel cam 120, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the closer shaft 112, and a freewheel pin 122 arranged on the closer lever 114. If necessary, a reverse arrangement is also conceivable, i.e. the freewheel pin 122 on the closer shaft 112 and the freewheel stop 118 on the closer lever 114. Overall, the freewheel 116 can enable, after an internal pretensioning process of the drive mechanism 130, a movement of the door independent of a movement of the closer shaft 112 and thus without being acted upon by a closer spring 134 of the drive mechanism 130 (cf. again for example Fig. 2 ) can be done.

[0056] In Fig. 2a possible embodiment of a door drive 200 according to the invention is shown in a sectional view in the plane spanned by a deflection direction 136 of a piston element 132 and the closer shaft 112. The sectional view also shows, in particular, the drive mechanism 130. The closer shaft 112 passes through the piston element 132 and is connected to it in a driving manner, so that a rotation of the closer shaft 112 leads to an axial displacement of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136. Furthermore, the closer spring 134 is arranged on the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136, which is compressed upon an axial displacement of the piston element 132, whereby mechanical energy can be stored. This stored mechanical energy is used to push the piston element 132 back into its initial position and thereby via the closer shaft 112 and the, for example, in Fig. 1The closing lever 114 shown closes the door coupled to the door drive 200 according to the invention.

[0057] The door drive 200 according to the invention, in particular the drive mechanism 130, has, in addition to the above-described usual components of purely mechanical door closers, an actuating unit 10 with a pulling mechanism 20, which is also shown in the sectional view of the Fig. 2 are visible. In particular, the illustrated actuating unit 10 has an electric motor unit 12 for driving the pulling mechanism 20. In an alternative embodiment not shown, the actuating unit 10 can also have an electromagnet unit for driving or applying force to the pulling mechanism 20.

[0058] The motor unit 12 has, in particular, control and / or regulating electronics 14, which are designed and provided, in particular, to receive trigger signals upon the occurrence of a triggering situation and, based thereon, to control and / or operate the electrical actuating unit 10 in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the control and / or regulating electronics 14 can also preferably operate the actuating unit 10 in a controlled manner during the remaining operation of the door drive 200 according to the invention, for example, to open the door by pulling the piston element 132 into its locking position. Preferably, as shown, the closing spring 134 of the door drive 200 can be designed as a helical spring, whereby at least parts of the pulling mechanism 20, which, like the motor unit 12 of the actuating unit 10, is arranged in series with the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136, can be arranged inside the closing spring 134.A particularly compact design of the door drive 200 according to the invention is thereby possible.

[0059] By means of the pulling mechanism 20, which is arranged between the motor unit 12 and the piston element 132, a rotary movement of the electric motor unit 12 in a pre-tensioning direction of rotation can be converted into a pulled movement of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136. For this purpose, the pulling mechanism 20 can be switched between a state coupling the electric motor unit 12 and the piston element 132 and a state decoupling the electric motor unit 12 and the piston element 132. In particular, in the coupling state of the pulling mechanism 20, the piston element 132 can be moved by the actuating unit 10 from an initial position, as shown in Fig. 2shown, into a locking position and then locked in this locking position. In other words, the closing spring 134 can be pre-tensioned by a motor. After the pre-tensioning process, the Fig. 1 The freewheel 116 shown in FIG. 1 enables a door coupled to the door drive 200 to be operated without being subjected to the force of the closing spring 134. As an alternative to motorized pretensioning, the closing spring 134 can also be compressed via a manually triggered opening movement when a user passes through the door, which also leads to a displacement of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136. In this case, the actuating unit 10, in particular via a lifting actuator 90 as described below, also ensures that the piston element 132 is locked in its locked position.

[0060] As described above, when the piston element 132 is locked in its locked position, the closing spring 134 is pretensioned and mechanical energy is stored in the closing spring 134. This can be used when a triggering situation occurs, for example, a fire or a power failure, to close the door or hold it in a closed position. For this purpose, for example, the control and / or regulating electronics 14 of the actuating unit 10 can receive trigger signals and, based thereon, control the pulling mechanism 20 in order to switch the pulling mechanism 20 to the uncoupling state, for example, as described below by deactivating the preferably magnetic lifting actuator 90, and thus release the locking of the piston element 132. This releases the piston element 132 for movement counter to the deflection direction 136 into the starting position.In particular, in this way the door is closed or held in a closed position by means of the force of the closing spring 134.

[0061] As shown, an electrical energy storage device 16, for example a battery, an accumulator or a capacitor, can also be provided as part of the control and / or regulating electronics 14 or in addition to the latter, in order to ensure that the locking of the piston element 132 is released at least once. This is particularly necessary in embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention in which simply switching off a component does not automatically lead to the release of the piston element 132, see Fig. 13 , 14 and the associated description. Overall, these features and properties enable the use of a door drive 200 according to the invention in safety-relevant areas, for example, on a fire door.

[0062] The above-described elements of the door drive 200 according to the invention are essentially present in all embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention. The above description is therefore to be understood as a general description of the door drive 200 according to the invention. The individual embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention differ in particular in the embodiment of the respective actuating unit 10 used, in particular its pulling mechanism 20. Fig. 2 The pulling mechanism 20 shown is described below with particular reference to Fig. 3 to 5 described in detail.

[0063] The Fig. 2 to 5The tension mechanism 20 of the actuating unit 10 shown comprises, in addition to the electric motor unit 12 and its control and / or regulating electronics 14, a drive shaft 30 which can be driven rotationally by the motor unit 12, in particular in or against a pretensioning direction of rotation. A nut element 50 is mounted on a drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner, with the drive shaft 30 passing through a central opening 60 of the nut element 50. In particular, the drive section 32 has an axially constant and non-circular cross-section 34, with the central opening 60 of the nut element 50 being adapted to the cross-section 34 of the drive shaft 30. This leads to the rotationally fixed and simultaneously axially displaceable mounting of the nut element 50 on the drive section 32, as already mentioned above.

[0064] A coupling element 40 which is attached to the piston element 132 (cf. Fig. 2) and is preferably formed integrally or even as a single piece therewith, represents a further element of the pulling mechanism 20. Here, the nut element 50 is equipped with an external thread 24, and the coupling element 40 is equipped with a corresponding internal thread 22. The threaded connection thus formed enables a conversion of the rotational movement of the drive shaft 30 into an axial movement of the coupling element 40 and thus of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136.

[0065] In particular, the Fig. 2 to 5The illustrated pulling mechanism 20 has a holding device 70 for radially fixing the nut element 50 on both sides and axially fixing it on one side, counter to the deflection direction 136, on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30. The holding device 70 has two holding elements 72, 74, which in the illustrated embodiment are designed as switchably deployable locking pawls 80. The two holding elements 72, 74 are axially spaced apart and arranged on the drive section 32 without any circumferential offset from one another. The locking pawls 80 can be switched between an engaged position and a released position, wherein in their respective engaged position they are designed to engage in an engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. For switching the locking pawls 80, the pulling mechanism 20 comprises a lifting actuator 90, which is designed, for example, as an electromagnet and is arranged near the motor unit 12, encompassing the drive shaft 30.The lifting actuator 90 drives a lifting rod 92, the position of which in turn switches the pawls 80 between their engaged position and their released position. Inside the lifting actuator 90, and therefore in . Fig. 3 not visible, is an adjusting spring 94 (cf. Fig. 2 or Fig. 6 ) is arranged, which preloads the lifting rod 92 such that it urges the locking pawls 80 into the respective release position without being acted upon by the lifting actuator 90. Furthermore, the locking pawls 80 are spring-loaded on one side in the direction of their engaged position, so that they can be pressed from the engaged position into the release position and, provided that the lifting rod 92 is acted upon by the lifting actuator 90, return to the engaged position once the pressing force is removed.

[0066] The function of the pulling mechanism 20 or its holding device 70, in particular a pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134, is described below in particular with reference to the Fig. 4 , 5 described, where Fig. 4 a pre-tensioning process during a manual opening of the door and Fig. 5 show a pre-tensioning process driven by the motor unit 12. Such a motor-driven pre-tensioning process can be accompanied by a simultaneous opening movement of the door. Fig. 4 , 5 each show detailed views of the pull mechanism 20 in the interior of the housing 110 of the door drive 200 according to the invention (cf. Fig. 2) in different switching states. The coupling element 40 is arranged inside the closing spring 134, which is designed as a spiral spring. The nut element 50 engages with its external thread 24 into the corresponding internal thread 22 of the coupling element 40. The drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 is also arranged inside the closing spring 134. In particular, the nut element 50 is mounted axially displaceably on the drive section 32. Clearly visible is the lifting rod 92, which is arranged displaceably in the drive shaft 30, in particular in the drive section 32. Also mounted on the drive shaft 30, in particular on the drive section 32, are the first holding element 72 and the second holding element 74, which is axially spaced therefrom and - as already mentioned - are both designed as pawls 80 that can be switched by the lifting rod 92.

[0067] To move the lifting rod 92, in particular a lifting actuator 90 and an adjusting spring 94 can be provided (see for example Fig. 2 , 3 and 6). It should be noted that the adjusting spring 94 acts on the lifting rod 92 in such a way that it is only in a position that allows the pawls 80 to be moved into their engaged position when the lifting actuator 90 is simultaneously activated (see Figures A, B, C of the Fig. 4 and figures A, B, E of the Fig. 5 ), wherein the locking pawls 80 are preferably spring-loaded in the direction of their respective engagement position. Upon deactivation of the lifting actuator 90 (see Figures D, E of Fig. 4 and figures C, D of the Fig. 5), the adjusting spring 94 drives the lifting rod 92 into a position in which the locking pawls 80 are inevitably pressed into their respective release positions, thereby removing the fixation of the nut element 50. This enables or ensures a closing movement of the door driven by the closing spring 134, especially in the event of a power failure.

[0068] Figure A of the Fig. 4shows the pulling mechanism 20 in a basic state. The coupling element 40 and thus also the piston element 132 (not shown) are in the starting position, in which the closing spring 134 is maximally relaxed. Both pawls 80 are in their engaged position, whereby the pawl 80 acting as the first holding element 72 engages in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and thus fixes the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52, at least when the coupling element 40 begins to be pulled by the pulling mechanism 20. At rest, the first holding element 70 can also engage in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 in such a way that a small distance remains between these components.As a result, the nut element 50 is fixed to the drive section 32 in a rotationally fixed manner and axially counter to the deflection direction 136, at least after the start of rotation of the drive shaft 30, whereby a rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction would be transmitted to the nut element 50. It should be noted that the actual fixing of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 only begins when the movement begins.

[0069] In Fig. 4 However, a pre-tensioning process is shown during a manual opening of the door. This is already described in Figure B the Fig. 4visible. During a manual opening process, the piston element 132 and thus the coupling element 40 are displaced in the deflection direction 136 by the opening movement of the door. The nut element 50, coupled to the coupling element 40 via the threaded connection, lifts off the first retaining element 72. Due to the spring-loaded mounting of the retaining elements 72, 74 described above, the nut element 50 can press the second retaining element 74 into its release position and thus move beyond the axial position of the second retaining element 74 when the door is overrun.

[0070] Figure C of the Fig. 4shows the state of the door drive 200 after completion of the manual pretensioning process. The piston element 132 has reached its locking position. The nut element 50 has moved completely beyond the position of the second holding element 74, allowing it to return to its engaged position. Now, the pawl 80, which forms the second holding element 74, engages the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and thus fixes the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54. The piston element 132 is thereby locked in its locking position. Thus, the closer spring 134 is held in the pretensioned state, and mechanical energy is stored for a door closing process. As already described above, this holding in the pretensioned state also requires an active pulling of the lifting rod 92 by the lifting actuator 90 against the force of the adjusting spring 94.

[0071] In the following figure D of the Fig. 4 A triggering situation has occurred. It is clearly visible that the lifting rod 92 is displaced compared to Figures A to C, for example due to an intentional deactivation of the lifting actuator 90, but also, for example, in the event of a power failure. As a result, the two holding elements 72, 74 are jointly switched from their respective engaged position to their respective release position, and consequently the fixation of the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54 is released. As a result, the piston element 132 is released for a movement driven by the closing spring 134, counter to the deflection direction 136.

[0072] Figure E of the Fig. 4shows the pulling mechanism 20 at the end of the movement of the piston element 132 back to its starting position. As a result, the nut element 50 has returned to its first holding position 52. Due to the still existing deflection of the lifting rod 92, the two holding elements 72, 74 remain in their release position, so that the first holding element 72 still does not engage in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. A further displacement of the lifting rod 92, in particular for example by activating the lifting actuator 90, enables this and transfers the lifting rod 92 and thus the entire pulling mechanism back to the position shown in Figure A of the Fig. 4 shown ground state.

[0073] In contrast to the Fig. 4 are in Fig. 5 different stages of a motor-driven pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134 are shown. Figure A of the Fig. 5 shows again a ground state of the tension mechanism 20, which corresponds to the one in Figure A of the Fig. 4shown ground state. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the corresponding description above.

[0074] By motorizing the drive shaft 30, the coupling element 40 and thereby the piston element 132 are pulled into its locking position by fixing the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 and the threaded connection between the nut element 50 and the coupling element 40. This is shown in Figure B the Fig. 5 shown. The piston element 132 has reached its locking position. The pawl 80, which forms the first holding element 72, continues to engage the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and thus continues to fix the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52. Analogous to a manually driven pretensioning process, the closing spring 134 is thereby held in the pretensioned state, and mechanical energy is stored for a closing process of the door.

[0075] Figure C of the Fig. 5 shows the state of the pulling mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation has occurred. Here, too, it is clearly visible that the lifting rod 92 is in the opposite direction to the figures A and B of the Fig. 5 is displaced. As a result, the two pawls 80 are jointly switched from their respective engaged position to their respective release position, thereby releasing the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52. A movement of the piston element 132 driven by the closing spring 134 against the deflection direction 136 is thereby not only enabled, but preferably occurs in particular inevitably.

[0076] At the end of the movement of the piston element 132 into its initial position, the nut element 50 has moved beyond the first holding element 72 in the opposite direction to the deflection direction 136. In order to enable resetting of the pulling mechanism 20 and thus of the entire actuating unit 10, the drive section 32 extends correspondingly far in the opposite direction to the deflection direction 136 in the direction of the piston element 132, so that the nut element 50 is continuously supported by the drive section 32. This is shown in Figure D of the Fig. 5 shown. A rotation of the drive shaft 30 opposite to the preload direction of rotation is thereby transmitted to the nut element 50, which, due to the threaded connection, moves along the deflection direction 136 in the coupling element 40 back to its first holding position 52.

[0077] Figure E of the Fig. 5now shows the nut element 50 shortly before completion of the resetting or resetting with the lifting rod 92 moved back. The nut element 50 is shown just as it is passing over the position of the first holding element 72. The spring-loaded mounting of the first holding element 72 enables the nut element 50 to easily pass over the first holding element 72, whereby the first holding element 72 is pressed into its release position by the nut element 50. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the locking pawl 80, which forms the first holding element 72, returns to its engaged position due to the spring load, whereby the pulling mechanism 20 again assumes the position shown in Figure A of the Fig. 5 shown basic state. It should also be noted in this embodiment that in order to assume the basic state, the lifting rod 92 must be actively pulled by the lifting actuator 90 against the force of the adjusting spring 94.

[0078] In the following Fig. 6 to 8 A further embodiment of the actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200 according to the invention is shown. Fig. 2 to 5 The embodiment shown differs from that of the Fig. 6 to 8 in particular in that the retaining elements 72, 74 installed in the respective holding device 70 are not designed as pawls 80, but as ball locking pins 82 or at least in the manner of a ball locking pin 82. The other elements of the Fig. 6 to 8 The actuating unit 10 shown, in particular the coupling element 40, the nut element 50, the drive shaft 30, the lifting actuator 90 and the motor unit 12, are similar or even identical to the corresponding elements of the Fig. 2 to 5 shown actuating unit 10.

[0079] In the following, the differences between the two embodiments will be discussed in more detail, and otherwise the preceding corresponding description of the Fig. 2 to 5 referred to.

[0080] As opposed to Fig. 3 is in Fig. 6 the lifting actuator 90 (cf. Fig. 3 ) is not shown. Also in the Fig. 6 to 8 However, in the embodiment shown, this is present and is also arranged on the motor unit 12, encompassing the drive shaft 30. The missing representation of the lifting actuator 90 enables, in particular, a representation of the adjusting spring 94 arranged inside the lifting actuator 90. Also in the embodiment shown in the Fig. 6 to 8 In the illustrated embodiment of the actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200 according to the invention, this actuating spring 94 acts on the lifting rod 92 in such a way that, without active action by the lifting actuator 90, the holding elements 72, 74 are subjected to a force in the direction of their respective release position.

[0081] As already mentioned above, the two holding elements 72, 74 of the holding device 70 are designed as ball locking pins 82. The lifting rod 92 has, in particular, correspondingly shaped receptacles with bevels for switching the ball locking pins 82 from their release position, in which they are arranged essentially inside the drive shaft 30, and their engagement position, in which they protrude beyond the cross-section 34 of the drive shaft 30 and can thus engage the engagement receptacle 62 at the central opening 60 of the nut element 50.

[0082] As the illustrations of the Fig. 4 also shows the Fig. 7various detailed views of the tension mechanism 20 during a manually driven pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134. Figure A again shows a basic state in which the coupling element 40 and the piston element 132 arranged thereon, not shown, are arranged in an initial position. Unlike the holding elements 72, 74 designed as pawls 80 in Figure A of the Fig. 4 , are in Fig. 7 the holding elements 72, 74 designed as ball locking pins 82 are shown in their release position, so that the nut element 50 is arranged in its first holding position 52, but is not fixed in this.

[0083] Figures B and C of the Fig. 7 show a manual pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134 (see also figures B, C of the Fig. 4 and the associated description). The piston element 132 and thus the coupling element 40 is displaced in the deflection direction by a manual opening movement of the door ( Figure B the Fig. 7 ). After the locking position has been reached by the piston element 132, the nut element 50 is fixed in its second holding position 54 on the drive section 32 by actively switching the second holding element 74, designed as a ball locking pin 82, into its engaged position, brought about by a deflection, in particular active deflection brought about by a lifting actuator 90, of the lifting rod 92, in particular by a positive engagement of the ball locking pin 82 in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. As a result, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position and the closing spring 134 is pretensioned.

[0084] The following figure D of the Fig. 7shows the state of the pull mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs. The lifting rod 92 is displaced compared to Figure C, whereby the two holding elements 72, 74 are switched together from their respective engaged position to their respective release position, thereby releasing the fixation of the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54. In this embodiment, too, this leads to a movement of the piston element 132, driven by the closing spring 134, counter to the deflection direction 136. As a result, the door equipped with the door drive 200 according to the invention is closed or held in a closed state.

[0085] As already Fig. 5 also shows Fig. 8 different stages of a pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134, driven by the motor unit 12. After the process shown in Figure A of the Fig. 7 identical ground state (Figure A of the Fig. 8 ), is in Figure B the Fig. 8 By activating the lifting rod 92, the first holding element 72, designed as a ball lock pin 82, is moved into its engaged position, in which it fixes the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 axially and rotationally fixed to the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30.

[0086] By subsequent rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preload direction of rotation, the coupling element 40 and thus also the piston element 132 are pulled in the deflection direction 136 by the also rotating nut element 50 via the threaded connection. Figure C already shows the end point of this movement, in which the piston element 132 has reached its locking position, in which it is then locked by a continued engagement of the first holding element 72 in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50, whereby the closing spring 134 remains preloaded.

[0087] A state of the traction mechanism 20 directly after the occurrence of a triggering situation is shown in Figure D of the Fig. 8 Analogous to a triggering situation after a manual pre-tensioning process, the lifting rod 92 is in comparison to Figure C of the Fig. 8 displaced, whereby the ball locking pins 82 are switched to their respective release positions. As a result, the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 is thus released. The piston element 132 is thereby released for a movement driven by the closing spring 134, counter to the deflection direction 136.

[0088] In this embodiment, too, after the movement of the piston element 132 into its initial position, the nut element 50 must be reset from an end position located between the first holding element 72 and the piston element 132 into its first holding position 52. To make this possible, the drive section 32 again extends correspondingly far against the deflection direction 136 in the direction of the piston element 132, so that the nut element 50 is continuously mounted by the drive section 32, as can be seen from Figure E of the Fig. 8 A rotation of the drive shaft 30 opposite to the pre-tensioning direction of rotation thereby moves the nut element 50, utilizing the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, along the deflection direction 136 into its first holding position 52. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the pulling mechanism 20 again assumes the position shown in Figure A of the Fig. 8 shown ground state.

[0089] In the Fig. 9 to 12 Another possible embodiment of a pulling mechanism 20 of an actuating unit 10 of a door drive 200 according to the invention is shown, which is described below. In this embodiment, the holding elements 72, 74 are designed as holding projections 84, which, together with a stop section 64, which, as part of the engagement receptacle 62, delimits a section of the central opening 60 of the nut element 50, interact according to a so-called keyhole principle. For this purpose, the holding projections 84 are each designed with a radial stop surface 86 and an axial stop surface 88 and protrude radially from the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30, wherein they are arranged in particular axially and circumferentially offset from one another on the drive section 32.

[0090] Furthermore, the retaining projections 84 can be switched from the release position to the engaged position by rotating the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction of rotation, and vice versa by rotating the drive shaft 30 against the preloading direction of rotation from their respective engaged position to the release position. A lifting actuator is therefore not necessary in this embodiment. The stop section 64 of the nut element 50 further has, in particular, a radial stop region 66 and an axial stop region 68, which are provided for positive contact with the respective radial stop surface 86 or the axial stop surface 88 of the retaining projections 84 (see, in particular, Fig. 10). The radial abutment, in particular of the radial abutment surface 88 of the holding projection 84 corresponding to the first holding element 72, causes the nut element 50 to be carried along in its first holding position 52 upon rotation of the drive shaft 30, in particular in the preloading direction of rotation. The axial abutment, in turn, leads to an axial fixing of the nut element 50 on the drive section 32, acting counter to the deflection direction 136, for the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 by the holding projection 84, which forms the first holding element 72, and for the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54 by the holding projection 84, which forms the second holding element 74. In particular, this axial fixing enables the piston element 132 to be locked in its locked position, again regardless of whether this locked position is reached by a manual opening movement of the door or by motor drive via the motor unit 12 (cf.in particular the following description of the . Fig. 11 , 12 ).

[0091] In the Fig. 9 to 12 In the embodiment of the door drive 200 according to the invention shown, the respective axial stop surfaces 88 of the retaining projections 84 and the axial stop region 68 of the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 are aligned obliquely to the deflection direction 136, in particular at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85°, see in particular Fig. 9This requires, in particular, that the drive shaft 30 is actively held by the motor unit 12 in order to prevent the drive shaft 30 from rotating counter to the preload direction due to the force stored in the closing spring 134, which would result in the retaining projection 84 currently engaging in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 switching from its engaged position to its released position. In other words, without actively holding the respective retaining projection 84 in its engaged position, the locking of the piston element 132 in its locked position is released, and the piston element 132 is released for a movement driven by the closing spring 134 counter to the deflection direction 136 into its initial position.Since the loss of active holding of the drive shaft 30 by the motor unit 12 occurs or can occur in particular in the event of a power failure, a secure closing or keeping closed of the door on which the door drive 200 according to the invention is arranged can thus be ensured even in the event of a power failure or other malfunction of the system.

[0092] In a further, not shown, alternative embodiment, however, the respective axial stop surfaces 88 of the retaining projections 84 and the axial stop region 68 of the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 are aligned perpendicular to the deflection direction 136. This enables, in particular, energy-saving locking of the piston element 132 in its locking position, since the vertical alignment of the positively abutting elements means that no force component of the force stored in the closing spring 134 acts in the direction of rotation on the drive shaft 30. On the other hand, however, when a triggering situation occurs, an active rotation of the drive shaft 30 by the motor unit 12 is necessary to release the movement of the piston element 132 counter to the deflection direction 136.

[0093] As already mentioned for the embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention with pawls ( Fig. 4 , 5 ) and ball lock pins ( Fig. 7 , 8 ), the following also show Fig. 11 , 12 Detailed views of several sections of a pre-tensioning process during a manual opening of the door ( Fig. 11 ) or in the case of a pre-tensioning process driven by the motor unit 12 ( Fig. 12 ). In the following, these two Fig. 11 , 12 with reference to the relevant provisions already contained in the Fig. 4 , 5 or the Fig. 7 , 8 already described features, whereby the special features of the illustrated embodiment are discussed accordingly.

[0094] Figure A of the Fig. 11again shows a basic state in which the coupling element 40 and the piston element 132 arranged thereon (not shown) are arranged in an initial position. The drive shaft 30, and thus the drive section 32, are positioned such that the stop surfaces 86, 88 of the retaining projection 84, which forms the first retaining element 72, abut positively against the corresponding stop regions 66, 68 of the nut element 50 or at least limit a radial or axial movement of the nut element 50 on one side.In other words, the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84 is arranged in its engaged position and the nut element 50 is fixed in its first holding position 52 on one side radially with respect to a movement counter to the pretensioning direction of rotation and on one side axially with respect to a movement counter to the deflection direction 136 on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30, at least when the drive shaft 30 begins to rotate. In contrast, at the same time the holding projection 84, which forms the second holding element 74, is arranged in its release position.

[0095] Due to the alignment of the retaining projections 84 described above, it is possible during a manual opening movement of the door that the nut element 50, as shown in Figure B the Fig. 11shown, follows the sliding movement of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136 without being hindered by the holding projection 84 forming the second holding element 74 and lifts off from the first holding element 72.

[0096] In Figure C of the Fig. 11 The drive shaft 30 is rotated in the preloading direction of rotation such that the retaining projection 84, which forms the second retaining element 74, is now in its engaged position and, by positively engaging the stop portion 64 of the nut element 50, fixes the latter in its second holding position 54. As a result, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position. The closing spring 134 is preloaded and remains in this preloaded state as long as the motor unit 12 is activated.

[0097] The following figure D of the Fig. 11shows the state of the tension mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs. The drive shaft 30 rotates against the pre-tensioning direction, for example Figure B the Fig. 11 shown position, whereby the second holding element 74 or the corresponding holding projection 84 has been moved from its engaged position into its release position. In the illustrated embodiment of the door drive 200 according to the invention, this rotation of the drive shaft 30 takes place automatically upon completion of the Fig. 11described active holding of the drive shaft 30 in a fixed rotational position by the motor unit 12. By aligning both the axial stop surface 88 and the axial stop region 68 obliquely to the deflection direction 136, the mechanical energy stored in the compressed closing spring 134 generates the force or torque required for the rotation. In the embodiment not shown, with stop surfaces 88 or stop regions 68 perpendicular to the deflection direction 136, however, the rotation is actively driven by the motor unit 12. This removes the fixation of the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54. In this embodiment, too, this leads to a movement of the piston element 132 counter to the deflection direction 136, driven by the closing spring 134.As a result, the door equipped with the door drive 200 according to the invention is closed or held in a closed state. After the piston element 132 reaches its initial position, the pull mechanism 20 returns to the position shown in Figure A of the drawing. Fig. 11 shown initial state.

[0098] As opposed to Fig. 11 are in Fig. 12 different stages of a motor-driven pre-tensioning process of the closing spring 134 by the motor unit 12 are shown. After the Fig. 11 identical ground state (Figure A of the Fig. 12 ) is in Figure B the Fig. 12by an incipient rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction of rotation via the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 by the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84, the nut element 50 is also set in rotation. Via the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, this rotation of the nut element 50 is converted into an axial movement of the coupling element 40, as a result of which the piston element 132 is pulled in the deflection direction 136 into its locking position. Once there, the moving rotary drive by the motor unit 12 ends, whereby, however, due to the still present and applied motor torque of the motor unit 12, the holding projection 84 remains in positive engagement in the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 in order to ensure the locking of the piston element 132 in its locking position and the maintenance of the preload of the closing spring 134.

[0099] Figure C of the Fig. 12 shows a state of the pulling mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation has occurred. Analogous to a triggering situation following a manual pretensioning operation, the drive shaft 30 is rotated back against the pretensioning direction of rotation, whereby the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84 is moved from its engaged position to its release position. This releases the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 54. The piston element 132 is thus released for movement driven by the closing spring 134, counter to the deflection direction 136.

[0100] Analogous to the above with regard to the Fig. 5and 8 described releases after motor preloading processes, in this embodiment too, after the movement of the piston element 132 into its initial position, the nut element 50 must be reset from an end position located between the first holding element 72 and the piston element 132 into its first holding position 52. To make this possible, the holding projection 84 forming the first holding element 72 extends counter to the deflection direction 136 in the direction of the piston element 132 so far that the nut element 50 is continuously mounted by the drive section 32, as can be seen from Figure D of the Fig. 12 A rotation of the drive shaft 30 against the preload direction of rotation thereby moves the nut element 50, utilizing the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, along the deflection direction 136 into its first holding position 52, as shown in Figure E of the Fig. 12shown. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the drive shaft 30 can rotate in the preload direction of rotation until the nut element 50 has returned to its first holding position 52 by a corresponding positive engagement of the holding projection 84, which forms the first holding element 72, in the stop section 64 of the nut element 50. It is also conceivable to arrange the holding projection 84 close to the stop section 64 without actually striking it. Overall, the pulling mechanism 20 again assumes the position shown in Figure A of the Fig. 12 shown ground state.

[0101] An alternative further embodiment of an actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200, not according to the invention, is shown in the Fig. 13 , 14 In particular, this actuating unit 10 is equipped with a type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100. Fig. 13shows the basic structure of the actuating unit 10 in this embodiment, Fig. 14 Detailed views of the mechanism in the style of a ballpoint pen mechanism 100 during operation.

[0102] As in Fig. 13As shown, a threaded connection is also provided in this embodiment for converting the rotary movement of the drive shaft 30 driven by the motor unit 12 into a pulled axial movement of the piston element 132. For example, the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 can be designed as a threaded spindle with an external thread 24 that engages a corresponding internal thread 22 of a nut element 50. The nut element 50 is mounted in the coupling element 40 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. An axial limitation of the movement of the nut element 50 in the coupling element 40 is created by a limiting element 42, which is arranged at an end of the coupling element 40 facing away from the piston element 132. Rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction of rotation thus leads to an axial pulling movement of the piston element 132 and thus, as a result, to a preload of the closing spring 134 (not shown).

[0103] Alternatively, as shown in Figure A, the Fig. 13 As shown, the nut element 50 can also be mounted on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 in a rotationally fixed and simultaneously axially displaceable manner. In this case, the nut element 50 has an external thread 24 that engages with a corresponding internal thread 22 in the coupling element 40 (not shown in each case). To axially limit the movement of the nut element 50, a limiting element 42 is arranged at the end of the drive section 32 facing the piston element 132.

[0104] The type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 has a rotatably mounted contour sleeve 102 secured against axial movement along the deflection direction 136, with a guide contour 104 and a guide pin 106 that is firmly connected to the piston element 132 or the coupling element 40 and engages in the guide contour 104. The guide pin 106 is in Fig. 13covered by the coupling element 40, its position at the end of the coupling element 40 facing away from the piston element 132 is indicated by an arrow. The function of the type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 is explained below with reference to the Fig. 14 explained in more detail, in which five detailed views of different relative positioning of the guide pin 106 in the guide contour 104 are shown.

[0105] In particular, due to the rotatable mounting of the contour sleeve 102 on the drive shaft 30, the guide contour 104 can follow the guide pin 106 during a movement of the coupling element 40, and thus of the guide pin 106, in the deflection direction 136 (see Figures A, B of the Fig. 14). Here, the guide contour 104 is shaped in such a way that after the movement of the piston element 132 and thus also of the coupling element 40 into the locking position has been completed, a movement of the piston element 122 driven by the closing spring 134 (not shown) against the deflection direction 136 is prevented (see Figure C of the Fig. 14 ). In other words, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position. Only after renewed movement of the coupling element 40 or the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136, by which the guide pin 106 is moved further in the guide contour 104 (see Figure D of the Fig. 14 ), a complete return of the guide pin 106 or the coupling element 40 and thus of the piston element 132 to its initial position, according to a "push-to-close principle", is possible, see figures E in Fig. 14 .

[0106] A type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 thus makes it possible, in particular, for the piston element 132 to remain locked in its locking position without additional energy consumption, and for the closing spring 134 to remain pretensioned accordingly. However, to release the movement of the piston element 132 counter to the deflection direction 136, a brief active actuation, in particular pulling, of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136 is then necessary. In order to ensure this with a high degree of reliability, an energy storage device 16 (cf. Fig. 2 ) which supplies the motor unit 12 with the necessary electrical energy for the above-described short active actuation. Reference symbol

[0107] 10Actuator 12Motor unit 14Control and / or regulation electronics 16Energy storage 20Pull mechanism 22Internal thread 24External thread 30Drive shaft 32Drive section 34Cross section 40Coupling element 42Limiting element 50Nut element 52First holding position 54Second holding position 60Central opening 62Eye-holding receptacle 64Stop section 66Radial stop area 68Axial stop area 70Holding device 72First holding element 74Second holding element 80Pawl 82Ball locking pin 84Retaining projection 86Radial stop surface 88Axial stop surface 90Lifting actuator 92Lifting rod 94Adjusting spring 100Ballpoint pen mechanism 102Contour sleeve 104Guide contour 106Guide pin 110 Housing 112 Closer shaft 114 Closer lever 116 Freewheel 118 Freewheel stop 120 Freewheel cam 122 Freewheel pin 130Drive mechanism 132Piston element 134Closing spring 136Deflection direction 200 door drive

Claims

1. Door drive (200) with a freewheel function, having a drive mechanism (130) which is couplable to a door and has a piston element (132), which is movable axially between a starting position and a locking position, a closer spring (134) for acting upon the piston element (132) in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel (116) for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element (132) in the mounted state of the door drive (200), wherein at least reaching of the locking position by the piston element (132) activates the freewheel, wherein, for the pretensioning of the closer spring (134), the drive mechanism (130) comprises an electric actuating unit (10) with a pulling mechanism (20), wherein, when the electric actuating unit (10) is actuated, the pulling mechanism (20) pulls the piston element (132) counter to the force of the closer spring (134) out of the starting position into the locking position, in which the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132), and therefore, in the mounted state of the door drive (200), the activated freewheel (116) enables the door to be freely movable manually without being acted upon by the closer spring (134), wherein, at the onset of a release situation, the actuating unit (10) releases the piston element (132) for a movement into the starting position counter to the deflection direction (136) in order to close the door by means of the force of the closer spring (134) or to keep the door in a closed position, characterized in that the actuating unit (10) has an electric motor unit (12), wherein the pulling mechanism (20) is driveable by the electric motor unit (12) for converting a rotational movement of the electric motor unit (12) in a pretensioning direction of rotation into a translational movement in the deflection direction (136), wherein, when the electric motor unit (12) is actuated in the pretensioning direction of rotation, the pulling mechanism (20) pulls the piston element (132) counter to the force of the closer spring (134) out of the starting position into the locking position, wherein the pulling mechanism (20) has a drive shaft (30) which is driveable rotatably by the electric motor unit (12), a tubular coupling element (40) connected to the piston element (132), and a nut element (50) which is arranged between the drive shaft (30) and the coupling element (40) and is displaceable axially on a drive portion (32) of the drive shaft (30), wherein, in order to form a threaded connection, the coupling element (40) has an internal thread (22) and the nut element (50) has a corresponding external thread (24), or the nut element (50) has an internal thread (22) and the drive portion (32) has a corresponding external thread (24), and wherein the pulling mechanism (20) has a holding device (70) for fixing the nut element (50) to the drive portion (32) radially at least counter to the pretensioning direction of rotation and axially at least counter to the deflection direction (136) in a first holding position (52) and a second holding position (54), wherein, when the piston element (132) takes up its starting position, the nut element (50) is fixable in the first holding position (52) by means of the holding device (70), wherein, when the nut element (50) is fixed in the first holding position (52), the actuation of the electric motor unit (12) in the pretensioning direction of rotation pulls the piston element (132) into the locking position and then the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position, and wherein, when the motor unit (12) is unactuated and after a movement of the piston element (132) into the locking position has taken place by means of a manual opening movement, the nut element (50) is fixable in the second holding position (54) by means of the holding device (70), wherein, when the nut element (50) is fixed in the second holding position (54), the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position.

2. Door drive (200) according to Claim 1, characterized in that even after a movement of the piston element (132) into the locking position has taken place by means of a manual opening movement of the door, the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position.

3. Door drive (200) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulling mechanism (20) is switchable between a state coupling the actuating unit (10) and the piston element (132) and a state decoupling the actuating unit (10) and the piston element (132), wherein, during the pulling and locking of the piston element (132), the pulling mechanism (20) takes up, preferably automatically takes up, the coupling state and, when the piston element (132) is released, takes up, preferably automatically takes up, the decoupling state.

4. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holding device (70) has a first holding element (72) and a second holding element (74), wherein the two holding elements (72, 74) are arranged or mounted on the drive portion (32) in a manner spaced apart from each other along the deflection direction (136) and are each switchable between an engagement position, in which the nut element (50) is fixable on the drive portion (32) in the first holding position (52) or the second holding position (54), and a release position, in which the fixing of the nut element (50) is released from the drive portion (32).

5. Door drive (200) according to Claim 4, characterized in that, when the first holding element (72) takes up its engagement position, the nut element (50) is fixable in the first holding position (52) by form-fitting engagement of the first holding element (72) in an engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50), wherein, when the second holding element (74) takes up its engagement position, the nut element (50) is fixable in the second holding position (54) by form-fitting engagement of the second holding element (74) in the engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50).

6. Door drive (200) according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two holding elements (72, 74) are designed as in particular switchably erectable blocking pawls (80) or as in particular switchably extendable spherical blocking bolts (82).

7. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the first holding element (72) and the second holding element (74) are arranged on the drive portion (32) without an extensive offset with respect to each other.

8. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the holding device (70) has a lifting actuator (90), preferably an electromagnetic lifting actuator (90), and a lifting rod (92) which is mounted by means of the drive shaft (30), in particular the drive portion (32), and is displaceable along the deflection direction (136) by means of the lifting actuator (90), wherein the two holding elements (72, 74) are preferably jointly switchable between their engagement position and their release position by means of the lifting rod (92).

9. Door drive (200) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the lifting actuator (90) has an actuating spring (94) acting on the lifting rod (92) along the deflection direction (136), wherein the actuating spring (94) exerts a force via the lifting rod (92) on the two holding elements (72, 74) in the direction of their respective release position.

10. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the two holding elements (72, 74) are pretensioned on one side in a spring-loaded manner in the direction of their engagement position, as a result of which the holding elements (72, 74), in particular when the motor unit (12) is unactuated and after a movement of the piston element (132) into the locking position has taken place by means of a manual opening movement, are reversibly movable from the respective engagement position in the direction of their release position by means of the nut (50).

11. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 4 to 10, characterized in that, in order to reset the actuating unit (10), the drive portion (32) is extended far beyond the first holding element (72) counter to the deflection direction (136) in such a manner that, after release of the nut element (50) from the first holding position (52) and the movement of the piston element (132) which has subsequently taken place into the starting position counter to the deflection direction (136), the nut element (50) is furthermore mounted on the drive portion (32) for rotation therewith and in an axially displaceable manner.

12. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the drive portion (32) has an axially constant, non-circular, cross section (34), wherein a central opening (60) in the nut element (50) is adapted to the cross section (34) of the drive shaft (30) and, as a result, the nut element (50) is mounted on the drive shaft (30) for rotation therewith and in an axially displaceable manner.

13. Door drive (200) according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two holding elements (72, 74) are designed as holding protrusions (84), in particular having in each case a radial stop surface (86) and an axial stop surface (88), which are provided in a radially protruding manner on the drive portion (32) and are arranged on the drive portion (32) in a manner offset from one another axially and along a circumference of the drive portion (32).

14. Door drive (200) according to Claim 13, characterized in that the holding protrusions (84) are switchable between the release position and the engagement position by rotation of the drive shaft (30).

15. Door drive (200) according to Claim 14, characterized in that the holding protrusions (84) are adjustable from the release position into the engagement position when the drive shaft (30) rotates in the pretensioning direction of rotation and are adjustable from the engagement position into the release position when the drive shaft (30) rotates counter to the pretensioning direction of rotation.

16. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50) has a stop portion (64) for the holding protrusions (84), in particular having a radial stop region (66) and an axial stop region (68), wherein the stop region (64) is contactable in a radially and axially form-fitting manner by means of the holding protrusion (84), which forms the first holding element (72), in its engagement position and, as a result, the nut element (50) is fixable in its first holding position (52), and wherein the stop portion (64) is contactable in a radially and axially form-fitting manner by means of the holding protrusion (84), which forms the second holding element (74), in its engagement position and, as a result, the nut element (50) is fixable in its second holding position (54).

17. Door drive (200) according to Claim 16, characterized in that the holding protrusions (84) are arranged on the drive portion (32) in a manner offset extensively from one another in such a manner that, in a rotational position of the drive shaft (30), in which the holding protrusion (84) forming the first holding element (72) is arranged in its engagement position in contact in a form-fitting manner on the stop portion (64), and the holding protrusion (84) forming the second holding element (74) is in its release position, and vice versa.

18. Door drive (200) according to Claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the axial stop region (68) of the stop portion (64) and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding protrusion (84) which forms the first holding element (72), and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding protrusion (84) which forms the second holding element (74) are oriented perpendicularly to the deflection direction (136).

19. Door drive (200) according to Claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the axial stop region (68) of the stop portion (64) and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding protrusion (84) which forms the first holding element (72), and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding protrusion (84) which forms the second holding element (74) are oriented obliquely, in particular at an angle of between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85°, to the deflection direction (136).

20. Door drive (200) according to one of Claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, in order to reset the actuating unit (10), the holding protrusion (84) forming the first holding element (72) is extended to a large extent axially counter to the deflection direction (136) in such a manner that, after release of the nut element (50) from the first holding position (52) and the movement of the piston element (132) which has subsequently taken place into the starting position counter to the deflection direction (136), the nut element (50) is mounted on the drive portion (32) for rotation therewith and in an axially displaceable manner at least when the drive shaft (30) rotates in the pretensioning direction of rotation.

21. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the freewheel (116) has a freewheel stop (118) arranged on a closer shaft (112), in particular on a freewheel cam (120), and a freewheel pin (122) which is arranged on a closer lever (114) and lies laterally on the freewheel stop (118) in the closed position of the door and when the motor unit (12) is unactuated, wherein the freewheel stop (118) is entrained by the freewheel pin (122) during a manual opening movement and lifts off from the freewheel pin (122) when the piston element (132) is pulled into its locking position by the actuating unit (10), or vice versa.

22. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the mounted state of the door drive (200), the locking position of the piston element (132) corresponds to an opening angle of the door of between 0° and 180°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably of 90°.

23. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release situation occurs in the event of a power failure and / or when release signals are present, in particular in an emergency situation, in particular in the event of a fire.