FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLER AND DEFLECTOR

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] This invention relates to fire suppression sprinklers and deflectors used with fire suppression sprinklers.Background

[0002] Early suppression fast response (ESFR) fire suppression sprinklers face challenges when used to protect commodities in warehouses having a large clearance between the warehouse ceiling and the commodity. Warehouses having a ceiling height of 12.192 m (40 feet) and greater may have commodities shelved at a height of 6.096 m (20 feet) and less from the floor, leaving a clearance of 6.096 m (twenty feet) or greater between the ceiling (near where the sprinklers are positioned) and the commodity. The challenges to ESFR sprinklers operating at such clearances include maintaining a core flow of fire suppressing liquid which has sufficient density and velocity to suppress a fire below the sprinkler itself while also maintaining an outer surrounding "umbrella" spray pattern to provide the required disbursement protecting the desired area, as well as sufficient flow in an intermediate range between the outer umbrella pattern and the core flow to prevent a fire in that intermediate zone from growing and overwhelming the outer umbrella. However, for some prior art ESFR sprinkler designs the large clearance distance between the sprinkler and the commodity allows the spray pattern to become disbursed over too large an area, thereby reducing the spray pattern density, especially in the intermediate zone, and hence the sprinkler's fire suppression effectiveness. Such conditions may also allow updrafts created by a fire plume in the intermediate zone to disrupt and lift the outer umbrella spray pattern, which in some cases causes wetting and cooling of adjacent sprinklers, thereby preventing or delaying their operation. This phenomenon is known as "skipping" because the fire's heat plume "skips" the nearby cooled sprinklers which are otherwise best placed to suppress the fire. Furthermore, skipping also tends to trigger sprinklers that are more remote from the fire, and thus less effective at fire suppression. The result is an increase in both fire and water damage as well as additional risk to firefighters called to fight the blaze.

[0003] There is clearly an opportunity to improve fire suppression sprinklers, particularly ESFR type sprinklers, to handle the challenges of high clearance warehouse fire protection.

[0004] Sprinkler assemblies according to the prior art can for example be found in US 6,276,460 B1, US 2015 / 0246253 A1, US 2010 / 236795 A1 or US 6,026,907. Another sprinkler deflector is shown in US 2007 / 246232 A1.Summary

[0005] The invention concerns a deflector for a fire suppression sprinkler according to claim 1.

[0006] The invention encompasses a deflector for a fire suppression sprinkler. According to the invention, the deflector comprises a circular plate having a periphery surrounding a center. First and second slots in the plate extend from diametrically opposed points on the periphery along a common diameter toward the center. A first plurality of slots are positioned around the plate between the first and second slots. Each of the slots of the first plurality extends from the periphery along a respective chord of the circular plate which chord does not pass through the center.

[0007] A second plurality of slots are positioned around the plate. Each slot of the second plurality of slots is positioned between the first and second slots and extends from the periphery along a respective radius of the circular plate toward the center.

[0008] Further the first and second slots have respective ends at a first distance from the center. A first half of the first plurality of slots have respective ends at a second distance from the center. A second half of the first plurality of slots have respective ends at a third distance from the center. The second plurality of slots have respective ends at a fourth distance from the center. The first distance is less than the second distance, the second distance is less than the third distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the first and second slots define respective first and second areas. The first and the second areas each are greater than any area defined by any slot of the first and second plurality of slots in an example embodiment. In an other preferred embodiment, first and second regions of the periphery respectively flanking the first and second slots each have a radius less than a radius of a remainder of the periphery.

[0010] Preferably, each one of the slots of the first plurality of slots is asymmetrical with respect to the respective chord of the circular plate along which each one of the slots of the first plurality extends. Preferably, each one of the slots of the second plurality of slots is symmetrical with respect to the respective radius of the circular plate along which each one of the slots of the second plurality extends.

[0011] In another preferred embodiment, each one of the first and second slots has a first width over a first region proximate to the periphery and a second width over a second region positioned between the first region and the center. The first width is less than the second width in this another preferred embodiment.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 is a side view of an example fire suppression sprinkler; Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the fire suppression sprinkler shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end view of the fire suppression sprinkler shown in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a plan view of an example deflector according to the invention for a fire suppression sprinkler. Detailed Description

[0013] Figures 1 and 2 show an example fire suppression sprinkler 10. Sprinkler 10 may be, for example, an early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler having a "k factor EN 12259-1 " from about 201.6 to about 489.6 and specifically 241.92 ("k factor US " from about 14 to about 34, and specifically 16.8). The k factor relates the water discharge rate "Q" from the sprinkler to the water pressure "p" within the sprinkler by the formula Q=k(p) 1 / 2< .

[0014] Sprinkler 10 comprises a body 12 which surrounds a bore 14. Bore 14 defines a flow axis 16 arranged coaxially with the bore. Body 10 may have a threaded nipple 18 for connection of the sprinkler 10 to a piping network of a fire suppression system (not shown) and a plurality of flat surfaces 20 which receive a wrench for applying torque to the sprinkler during installation. First and second arms 22 and 24 extend along flow axis 16 from opposite sides of body 12 and support a nose 26 mounted on the ends of the arms. Nose 26 is positioned coaxially with the flow axis 16 and supports a heat sensitive trigger 28. Nose 26 has a portion 27, advantageously cylindrical, which extends beyond the ends of arms 22 and 24 a distance 29, thereby permitting a deflector to be mounted on nose 26 in spaced relation to the ends of arms 22 and 24.

[0015] In this example the heat sensitive trigger 28 comprises a frangible glass bulb 30 containing a heat sensitive liquid 32. Bulb 30 extends between nose 26 and a sealing member 34, in this example a plug 36 which overlies and seals the bore 14 through engagement with body 12. Nose 26 also comprises a set screw 38, threaded within a bore 40 in nose 26 aligned with the bulb 30. The set screw 38 permits assembly of the bulb 30 into the sprinkler 10 and adjustment of the compression force on the bulb. Bulb 30 supports the plug 36 to maintain the sprinkler 10 in its closed configuration (shown). Bulb 30 breaks when the ambient temperature reaches a predetermined value, for example, indicative of a fire. When the bulb breaks it no longer support plug 36 which is released from engagement with the body 12 to open sprinkler 10 and allow water or other fire suppressing fluid to be discharged. Other heat sensitive triggers are also feasible, such as those having components held together by a solder which melts at a predetermined temperature to allow the sprinkler to open.

[0016] A deflector 42 is mounted on the nose 26. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the example deflector 42 comprises a substantially circular plate 44 oriented transversely to the flow axis 16, and having a thickness 43. The deflector 42 is positioned in spaced relation to the ends of arms 22 and 24 at the distance 29. In an example embodiment, the distance 29 is greater than twice the thickness 43 of deflector 42. In a preferred embodiment, the distance 29 is approximately three times the thickness 43 of deflector 42.

[0017] A plurality of slots 46 in plate 44 define a plurality of tines 48. Slots 46 and tines 48 are designed in conjunction with nose 26, arms 22 and 24 and bore 14 to meet standards governing discharge rate, coverage area size and shape, and other performance standards in order to be permitted to be installed under the codes and standards established by authorities such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), including NFPA 13 "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems". The required testing that compliant sprinklers must pass is set forth in standards promulgated by nationally recognized testing laboratories such as FM Global and UL, such standards including UL 1767 and FM 2008. These standards set forth various tests that compliant sprinklers must pass, including water flow and distribution tests, Actual Delivered Density (ADD) tests, and live fire tests, with UL 1767 including a fire test specifically focused on the high clearance applications.

[0018] The example sprinkler 10 is designed to meet the UL 1767 criteria for an ESFR sprinkler that may be used in warehouses with ceilings 12.192 m (40 feet) high and greater and wherein the stored commodity to be protected is shelved 6.096 m (20 feet) from the floor of the warehouse and lower, yielding 6.096 m (20 feet) of clearance or greater between the ceiling and commodity. To this end, deflector 42 comprises first and second slots 50 and 52 in plate 44. Slots 50 and 52 are radially oriented with respect to the flow axis 16 and, as apparent from Figure 3, are aligned, respectively, with the first and second arms 22 and 24. Slots 50 and 52 extend from the periphery 54 of the plate 44 to respective points 56 and 58 which underlie the nose 26. The remainder 46a of the plurality of slots 46 extend from periphery 54 to respective points in spaced relation away from nose 26 as described in detail below.

[0019] In the example deflector 42 slots 50 and 52 have first width 60 proximate to periphery 54 and a second width 62 distal to the periphery. The second width 62 is greater than the first width 60. As further shown in Figures 1 and 3, the arms 22 and 24 have a first thickness 64 proximate to nose 26 and a second thickness 66 proximate to the body 12. As shown in Figure 3 for sprinkler 10, the first widths 60 of first and second slots 50 and 52 is greater than the first thicknesses 64 of arms 22 and 24, and the second widths 62 of the slots 50 and 52 is greater than the second thicknesses 66 of arms 22 and 24. Additionally, the first and second slots 50 and 52 define respective first and second areas 68 and 70. Each area 68 and 70 is greater than any area defined by any slot of the remainder of slots 46a.

[0020] As further shown in Figure 3, tines 72 and 74 which are positioned on opposite sides of the first and second slots 50 and 52 each have ends at a first distance 76 measured from the flow axis 16. Tines 48 positioned on opposite sides of the remainder of slots 46a each have ends at a second distance 78 that is greater than the first distance 76. In a practical example of a deflector 42 the first distance 76 ranges from about 1.85 cm (0.729 inches) to about 1.98 cm (0.779 inches), with a first distance of about 1.92 cm (0.754) expected to be advantageous. The second distance 78 ranges from about 1.92 cm (0.754 inches) to about 2.04 cm (0.804 inches), with a second distance of about 1.98 cm (0.779 inches) expected to be advantageous when the first distance is about 1.92 cm (0.754 inches) as noted above.

[0021] The remainder of slots 46a (i.e., slots other than first and second slots 50 and 52) are organized as pairs of slots. A first pair of slots 80 flank (i.e. are positioned on opposite sides) of the first slot 50 and a second pair of slots 82 flank the second slot 52. Slots 80 and 82 extend along respective lines 84 and 86 which do not pass through the flow axis 16. The slots 80 and 82 are furthermore asymmetric with respect to respective lines 84 and 86 as evidenced by the curved perimeter region 88 present only on one side of slots 80 and 82. A third pair of slots 90 also flank the first slot 50, and a fourth pair of slots 92 also flank the second slot 52. In the example embodiment of Figure 3 the first pair of slots 80 is positioned between the first slot 50 and the third pair of slots 90, and the second pair of slots 82 are positioned between the second slot 52 and the fourth pair of slots 92. Slots 90 and 92 extend along respective lines 94, 96 which do not pass through the flow axis 16. The slots 90 and 92 are furthermore asymmetric with respect to respective lines 94 and 96 as evidenced by the curved perimeter region 98 present only on one side of slots 90 and 92.

[0022] The remainder of slots 46a further comprises intermediate slots 100. Each intermediate slot 100 is positioned between two slots of the plurality of slots 46 (the plurality of slots including all slots in plate 44). Intermediate slots 100 extend along and are symmetric with respect to respective lines 102 which pass through the flow axis 16. Unlike the first and second slots 50 and 52, the slots 80, 82, 90, 92 and 100 which comprise the remainder of slots 46a each extend from the periphery 54 of the plate 44 to respective points which are in spaced relation to the nose 26. Slots 80 and 82 comprising the first and second pairs of slots extend to first points 104; slots 90 and 92 comprising the second pairs of slots extend to second points 106 and intermediate slots 100 extend to third points 108. Third points 108 are farther from the flow axis 16 than the second points 106, which are farther from the flow axis 16 than the first points 104.

[0023] Figure 4 illustrates an example deflector 110 in isolation from a sprinkler body. In this example deflector 110 comprises a circular plate 112 having a periphery 114 surrounding a center 116. First and second slots 118, 120 in plate 112 extend from diametrically opposed points on the periphery along a common diameter 122 toward the center 116. A first plurality of slots 124 are positioned around plate 112. Each slot 124 of the first plurality of slots extends from the plate periphery 114 along a respective chord 126 of the circular plate 112. A second plurality of slots 128 are positioned around plate 112. Each slot 128 of the second plurality is positioned between the first and second slots 118 and 120 and extends from the periphery 114 along a respective radius 130 of the circular plate 112 toward the center 116.

[0024] As further shown in Figure 4, the first and second slots 118 and 120 have respective ends 132, 134 at a first distance 136 from the center 116. A first half 124a of the first plurality of slots 124 have respective ends 138 at a second distance 140 from the center 116, and a second half 124b of the first plurality of slots 124 have respective ends 142 at a third distance 144 from center 116. The second plurality of slots 128 have respective ends 146 at a fourth distance 148 from the center 116. According to the invention, the first distance 136 is less than the second distance 140, the second distance is less than the third distance 144, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance 148.

[0025] First and second slots 118 and 120 define first and second areas 150, 152. Each first and second area is greater than any area defined by any slot of the first or second plurality of slots 124, 128. Plate 112 further comprises first and second peripheral regions 154 and 156 which respectively flank the first and second slots 118 and 120. Each peripheral region 154, 156 has a radius 158 less than a radius 160 of a remainder 162 of periphery 114.

[0026] As further depicted in Figure 4, each slot 124 of the first plurality of slots is asymmetrical with respect to the respective chord 126 along which it extends. The asymmetry is manifest by the curved perimeter regions 164 on one side of the slots 124. Slots 128 of the second plurality of slots are symmetric with respect to respective radii along which they extend. Additionally, each one of the first and second slots has a first width 168 over a first region 170 proximate to periphery 114 and a second width 172 over a second region 174 positioned between the first region 170 and the center 116. In this example embodiment the first width 168 is less than the second width 172.

[0027] Fire suppression sprinklers according to the invention are expected to meet or exceed the standards for ESFR sprinklers, including those set forth in UL 1767, and be suitable for use in warehouses having a large clearance between the ceiling and the commodity being protected.

Claims

1. A deflector (110) for a fire suppression sprinkler, said deflector (110) comprising: a circular plate (112) having a periphery (114) surrounding a center (116); first and second slots (118, 120) in said plate (112) extending from diametrically opposed points on said periphery (114) along a common diameter (122) toward said center (116); a first plurality of slots (124) positioned around said plate (112) between said first and second slots (118, 120), each of said slots (124) of said first plurality extending from said periphery (114) along a respective chord (126) of said circular plate (112) which chord (126) does not pass through said center (116); and a second plurality of slots (128) positioned around said plate (112), each slot (128) of said second plurality of slots (128) being positioned between said first and second slots (118, 120) and extending from said periphery (114) along a respective radius (130) of said circular plate (112) toward said center, wherein said first and second slots (118, 120) have respective ends (132, 134) at a first distance (136) from said center (116); a first half (124a) of said first plurality of slots (120) have respective ends (138) at a second distance (140) from said center (116); a second half (124b) of said first plurality of slots (124) have respective ends (142) at a third distance (144) from said center (116); said second plurality of slots (128) have respective ends (146) at a fourth distance (148) from said center (116); wherein said first distance (136) is less than said second distance (140), said second distance (140) is less than said third distance (144), and said third distance (144) is less than said fourth distance (148).

2. The deflector (110) according to claim 1, wherein said first and second slots (118, 120) define respective first and second areas (150, 152), said first and said second areas (150, 152) each being greater than any area defined by any slot of said first and second plurality of slots (124, 128).

3. The deflector (110) according to claim 1, wherein first and second regions (154, 156) of said periphery respectively flanking said first and second slots (118, 120) each has a radius (158) less than a radius (160) of a remainder (162) of said periphery (114).

4. The deflector (110) according to claim 1, wherein each one of said slots (124) of said first plurality of slots (124) is asymmetrical with respect to said respective chord (126) of said circular plate (112) along which each one of said slots (124) of said first plurality extends.

5. The deflector (110) according to claim 1, wherein said each one of said slots (128) of said second plurality of slots (128) is symmetrical with respect to said respective radius (130) of said circular plate (112) along which each one of said slots (128) of said second plurality extends.

6. The deflector (110) according to claim 1, wherein each one of said first and second slots (118, 120) has a first width (168) over a first region (170) proximate to said periphery (114) and a second width (172) over a second region (174) positioned between said first region (170) and said center (116), said first width (168) being less than said second width (172).