DEVICE FOR BREEDING AQUACULTURE ANIMALS ON THE SEA

Description

[0001] The invention generally relates to devices for farming shellfish at sea and more particularly oysters.

[0002] In most oyster-farming countries, oysters are eaten shucked. They are cooked before being consumed. In France, and in other countries, oysters are eaten live in their shells. These two different modes of consumption have contributed to two distinct types of farming methods. Indeed, eating raw in the shell requires impeccable quality of the shell shape, less importance being given to the quality of the flesh. For the consumption of shucked flesh, no importance is given to the shape of the oyster.

[0003] Thus, when eating shelled oysters, consumers demand a very fleshy fish, capable of retaining a certain volume and texture after cooking, as with mussels. In the vast majority of cases, oysters are then raised in open water, stuck to their original support until they reach a sufficient size and age. They are harvested at suitable times so that the quantity of flesh and the quality of fattening meet consumer expectations.

[0004] In the case of oysters eaten raw in their shells, animal husbandry has moved towards raising oysters one by one, in enclosures that can be shaken regularly to prevent them from sticking together.

[0005] To allow for these manipulations, the breeding areas are demarcated exclusively in the intertidal zone, allowing access at low tide to the personnel responsible for stirring the enclosures. These enclosures are generally plastic mesh bags, placed on tables made of steel bars anchored to the beach. Thus concentrated and manipulated, the oysters ensure their proper growth, but very rarely achieve a flesh quality equivalent to that sought by the informed consumer, accustomed to eating shucked oysters.

[0006] The uncovered zone, that is to say the intertidal zone, is characterized by the strength of the waves, itself a function of the exposure of the coastline concerned to the wind and the offshore swell. On rare sites, it is thus possible, due to particularly powerful and regular mixing by the waves, to obtain not only oysters sufficiently rolled in the breeding bags so that their shells are eroded, rounded and very hollow, but also an exceptional meat content. These oysters are called "super special". The phenomenon involved is simple: the oyster, when its feeding capacity is satisfied, always prioritizes, up to a certain age (3 years), the allocation of energy to shell growth to the detriment of fattening.On sites highly exposed to waves, the fact that the shells are rolled into the breeding enclosures very regularly during the falling tide, when the enclosures emerge in the waves, makes it possible to partially break the daily shell growth and to force the animal to favor a growth of the shell in thickness, which is slower, but guarantees a hollow and rounded shape. This operation would be impossible to carry out by hand due to the duration of intervention at low tide, given the time required by staff to carry it out on large breeding areas.

[0007] At the same time, the proportion of energy not allocated to shell growth is redirected towards fattening, thus promoting a very high meat content, characterized by the quality of “super special”.

[0008] This quality can be quantified as a 60% filling rate of the mantle cavity after opening and 10 minutes of draining. This combination of quality of shape and high flesh content constitutes the very top-of-the-range which, consumed raw, is highly appreciated by consumers in all countries of the world.

[0009] Unfortunately, sites where this shell rolling is carried out naturally in conventional enclosures such as oyster bags are rare. These sites must indeed have sufficient food richness and strong and constant, but never excessive, agitation in order to avoid total destruction of the farming site in the event of a storm.

[0010] In recent years, a number of oyster farmers have had the idea of ​​creating so-called suspended breeding enclosures, of the swing type, in which the oysters would be more easily moved than in oyster bags traditionally fixed to tables.

[0011] The enclosures are suspended from horizontally stretched cables, or under steel bars carried by oyster tables. They are very mobile, and are therefore likely to transfer to the oysters they contain the movement imparted by sea currents and by waves of lesser amplitude than those necessary to stir the oysters in the fixed enclosures.

[0012] There are several models of suspended speakers: most are tubular speakers, with or without a door at one end, and suspended from cables attached to their top.

[0013] These models have a number of serious handicaps, which greatly limit their use.

[0014] These enclosures are very fragile. They are effective for stirring oysters in moderately severe conditions (ocean current, swell, etc.) but cannot withstand the severe conditions accepted by fixed enclosures. They are therefore only usable in a protected, semi-lagoon environment, and can therefore only be used in a very small proportion of oyster farming sites for French-style oyster production.

[0015] Secondly, given the oscillating movement, all of these enclosures were spontaneously designed in a cylindrical shape which leaves little surface area available for a significant mass of oysters. Indeed, the oysters accumulate at the lowest point of the enclosure, they have a small surface area to spread out. As soon as growth is sufficient to fill half of the enclosure, the oysters pile up and the movements are no longer sufficient to roll the oysters. Farming naturally reorients itself towards a degradation of the quality of the shell and the flesh.

[0016] Thirdly, an incidental consequence of the cylindrical shape is the stacking of oysters, which can only roll in the enclosure if the agitation conditions are very strong. This is quite incompatible with the fragility of the material.

[0017] Fourth, these cylindrical enclosures are very bulky and therefore take up a huge storage volume. This limits the oyster transport capacity and makes it difficult to stack the enclosures stably on ships or handling trailers, compared to flat oyster bags, which are easily stacked and have a volume only slightly larger than that of the oysters being transported.

[0018] Fifth, these enclosures are very difficult to clean, because they have a multitude of faces and an interior volume inaccessible to the washing jet.

[0019] Sixthly, they cannot be turned over, and therefore become clogged with algae on the lit side and with sea squirts on the underside, which is sheltered from the sun. This quickly causes the mesh to become blocked, thus depriving the oysters inside of the water flow necessary for their proper feeding.

[0020] To overcome some of the above difficulties, FR 2 576 484 proposes adding a float to the outside of the enclosure. Thus, the enclosure turns over between high tide, during which it floats, and low tide, during which it hangs. It is clear that this turning allows for better mixing of the oysters, particularly at the time of emergence at low tide.

[0021] However, the breeder cannot easily adapt this system to the hydraulic conditions prevailing in the breeding area and to the seasonality of his breeding.

[0022] Document FR 2 908 213 describes a device for farming shellfish at sea in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

[0023] In this context, the invention aims to propose a sea farming device which provides good mixing and which is more easily adaptable.

[0024] To this end, the invention relates to a device for rearing aquaculture animals at sea which are shellfish according to claim 1.

[0025] The limiting device limits the vertical amplitude of the movement, which allows the farmer to adapt the system to the hydraulic conditions prevailing in the breeding area and to the seasonality of his breeding.

[0026] The greater the vertical amplitude of the movement of the breeding enclosures, the greater the duration of agitation and the more violent the agitation.

[0027] It should be noted that the limiter device also allows the amplitude and duration of agitation of the shellfish to be adjusted, in order to regulate the desired effect on the shellfish.

[0028] The device may further have one or more of the features of claims 2 to 9.

[0029] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description given below, for information purposes only and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which: there figure 1 is a simplified schematic representation of a breeding device according to a first embodiment of the invention; the figure 2 schematically illustrates the upward movement of one of the breeding enclosures of the device of the figure 1 , there figure 3 illustrates the downward movement of the same breeding enclosure; the figure 4 is a more precise illustration of several enclosures of the breeding device of the figure 1 , seen from above; the figures 5 et 6 are front and side views respectively of a half-enclosure used to constitute the enclosures of the figure 4 ; THE figures 7 et 8 are enlarged views of details of the half-enclosure of the figures 5 et 6 ; there figure 9 is a side view of a connecting member of the device of the figure 4 , before attachment to the breeding enclosure; the figures 10 à 12 are perspective views of the connecting member of the device of the figure 9 , respectively mounted on the breeding enclosure, in a stable open position, and closed around the chassis; the figure 13 is a top view of the connecting member of the figure 12 , after fixing to the breeding enclosure and the chassis; the figure 14 is a perspective view of one of the breeding enclosures of the figure 4 , showing the reinforced stop zones and the locking members; the figure 15 is a simplified schematic representation in perspective of the breeding device of the figure 1 , illustrating how it is possible to turn the breeding enclosures; figure 16 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, in a situation where the float is at mid-tide at sea surface level; figures 17 et 18 are schematic side representations of the breeding device of the figure 16 , at high tide and at low tide; the figure 19 illustrates how different breeding devices according to the figure 16 can be arranged along the foreshore; the figure 20 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the second embodiment, in which the system ensuring the suspension of the enclosures comprises a garland of floats arranged in the tidal zone and an internal float housed in each enclosure; the figure 21 illustrates another way of arranging the chassis on which the speakers are mounted.

[0030] The invention relates to a device for rearing aquaculture animals at sea. These animals are shellfish, and are more particularly oysters. Alternatively, the shellfish are any kind of bivalves such as clams, mussels or any other type of shellfish.

[0031] This device is intended for sea farming. This farming can be carried out off the coast or in straits, estuaries or rias, or in ponds communicating with the sea or in any other suitable location.

[0032] As illustrated on the figures 1 à 3 , the breeding device 1 comprises: a chassis 3; at least one breeding enclosure 5 internally delimiting a reception volume 7 for the aquaculture animals 9; a float device 10 linked to said at least one breeding enclosure 5; a connection 13 of said at least one breeding enclosure 5 to the chassis 3.

[0033] The chassis 3 is intended to be placed on the seabed. Typically it rests on the seabed 15. It is fixed relative to the seabed 15.

[0034] In the first embodiment, the frame 3 comprises a plurality of metal bars 17 parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other at least horizontally.

[0035] For example, the metal bars 17 are placed at the same distance from the bottom 15.

[0036] The chassis 3 comprises, for example, pigs 19 resting on the seabed 15, supporting rigid posts 21 to which the metal bars 17 are rigidly fixed. The metal bars 17 are regularly spaced from each other in a direction which is horizontal on the figure 1 .

[0037] In the first embodiment, the breeding device comprises a plurality of breeding enclosures 5, each arranged between two metal bars 17.

[0038] Each breeding enclosure 5 has a lower base 23, which is substantially flat.

[0039] It preferably has a substantially flat upper bottom 25, parallel and opposite to the lower bottom 23.

[0040] The lower and upper bottoms 23, 25 have a determined spacing between them. This spacing is taken in a direction substantially perpendicular to the two bottoms.

[0041] The lower and upper bottoms 23, 25 also each have a length and a width greater than three times said spacing. The length is taken along a direction contained in the plane in which the upper or lower bottom is inscribed. The width is taken along a direction contained in said plane and perpendicular to the length.

[0042] Preferably, the length and width are greater than five times the spacing, more preferably greater than ten times the spacing.

[0043] Thus, the breeding enclosure has a generally flat shape, and has a large surface area in relation to its thickness. It thus has the general shape of a bag typically used for breeding oysters.

[0044] For example, the breeding enclosure has a length of around 1 meter, a width of around 500 mm, and a height of around 50 mm.

[0045] As visible on the figures 4 à 6 , the breeding enclosure preferably comprises two half-enclosures 27, one defining the lower bottom 23 and the other the upper bottom 25.

[0046] The two half-enclosures together delimit volume 7 for receiving aquaculture animals.

[0047] They are removably attached to each other, by means which will be described later.

[0048] Advantageously, the two half-enclosures 27 are identical to each other.

[0049] They are preferably made of a plastic material, for example polypropylene.

[0050] They are typically obtained by injection molding the plastic material. The fact that the two half-speakers are identical to each other therefore allows both half-speakers to be manufactured with the same mold, and therefore allows for particularly economical manufacturing.

[0051] The half-enclosures 27 have a generally concave shape. The concavities of the two half-enclosures are turned towards each other when they are fixed to each other to constitute the breeding enclosure.

[0052] Each half-enclosure 27 comprises a substantially flat part 29 defining the upper bottom or the lower bottom depending on the case, an annular flat edge 31 surrounding the flat part 29, and a closed-contour wall 33 connecting the flat part 29 to the flat edge 31 ( figures 5 et 6 ). The closed-contour wall 33 connects an outer edge of the flat portion 29 to an inner edge of the flat edge 31. In other words, the flat edge 31 forms a collar, extending outwardly from the wall 33.

[0053] The flat edge 31 lies in a plane parallel to the flat part 29, defining the contact plane between the two half-enclosures when they are assembled to form the breeding enclosure.

[0054] The flat portion 29 and the side wall 33 are pierced by multiple unreferenced openings, small enough so that the aquaculture animals cannot escape from the breeding enclosure, but large enough to allow water to circulate between the inside and the outside of the breeding enclosure.

[0055] The flat part 31 and the side wall 33 are reinforced by ribs 34.

[0056] Advantageously, the two half-enclosures 27 can be nested inside each other. This makes it possible to stack a large number of half-enclosures and store them in a small volume.

[0057] To do this, the side wall 33 is flared, and diverges from the flat part 29 towards the flat edge 31.

[0058] In the example shown, the flat part 29 is rectangular, and the flat edge 31 is delimited by a rectangular external edge and by an equally rectangular internal edge.

[0059] Alternatively, the flat part 29 and the flat edge 31 have any suitable shape: square, circular, oval, etc.

[0060] Preferably, the two half-enclosures 27 are fixed to each other by locking members, typically pins 36 shown in the figure 14 . To do this, the flat edge 31 has slots 35 distributed at least on two opposite sides of the flat part 29. The slots 35 are provided to receive the locking members. To constitute the breeding enclosure 5, the two half-enclosures 27 are placed with their respective edge 31 against each other. The slots 35 of the two half-enclosures are then in coincidence and it is possible to engage the locking members there.

[0061] In order to reinforce the attachment of the two half-enclosures 27 to each other, each half-enclosure comprises hooks 37 ( figure 7 ) and holes 39 for receiving the hooks of the other half-enclosure ( figure 5 ).

[0062] The orifices 39 are cut out in the flat edge 31. They are distributed along at least two opposite sides of the flat part 29, for example the sides which do not carry the slots 35. The hooks 37 are carried by the flat edge 31 and project opposite the flat part 29 relative to the flat edge 31.

[0063] As visible on the figure 7 , they have a general L shape, with a section 39 oriented substantially perpendicular to the flat edge 31, extended by a terminal section 41 extending in a direction substantially parallel to the flat edge 31.

[0064] The terminal sections 41 of all the legs 37 point in the same direction.

[0065] The hooks 37 of each half-enclosure are designed to be engaged in the orifices 39 of the other half-enclosure in a movement substantially perpendicular to the flat parts 29 of the two half-enclosures. They are then engaged around the edges of said orifices 39 by a translational movement of one of the half-enclosures relative to the other half-enclosure in a longitudinal direction.

[0066] At the end of this movement, the flat edge 31 of each half-enclosure 27 is pinched between the end sections 41 and the flat edge 31 of the other half-enclosure 27. The hooks 37 can no longer be released from the orifices 39 by a movement perpendicular to the flat parts 29 of the half-enclosures.

[0067] At the end of this translational movement, the slots 35 of the two half-enclosures are in coincidence with each other. The locking members can be inserted into these slots and thus block any possibility of translation of the two half-enclosures, at least in the longitudinal direction, and typically in all directions, these being then firmly secured by the hooks.

[0068] In order to further strengthen the connection between the two half-enclosures, additional hooks 43 are provided on a segment 45 of the flat edge extending transversely ( figures 5 And 8). These additional hooks 43 have a general shape substantially identical to that of the hooks 37. The additional hooks 43 are carried by the external edge of the flat collar 31. Their end sections point longitudinally, in the same direction as the end sections 41 of the hooks 37. The transverse segment 47 of the flat edge 31, located opposite the transverse segment 45, has notches 49 on its external edge. When the two half-enclosures 27 are assembled together as described above, namely a first movement perpendicular to the flat parts 29 and a second longitudinal movement, the additional tabs 43 of each half-enclosure engage in the notches 49 of the other half-enclosure and fit around the transverse segment 47 of the other half-enclosure. The flat edge 31 of each half-enclosure 27 is thus pinched between the additional tabs 43 and the flat edge 31 of the other half-enclosure 27.

[0069] Thus, the two half-enclosures 27 are connected to each other by a particularly strong connection. The rigidity of the breeding enclosure is increased. This is due in particular to the existence of a large number of points for fixing the two half-enclosures 27 to each other, distributed around the upper and lower bottoms.

[0070] The connection 13 allows rotation of each breeding enclosure 5 around a first substantially horizontal axis of rotation R1, and rotation of the first axis of rotation R1 relative to the chassis 3 around a second axis of rotation R2 substantially parallel to the first axis of rotation R1 ( figures 1 à 3 ).

[0071] More precisely, the connection 13 advantageously comprises at least one connecting member 51 of the connecting rod type, pivotally mounted on the breeding enclosure 5 around the first axis of rotation R1 and pivotally mounted on the chassis 3 around the second axis of rotation R2.

[0072] As visible on the figure 4 , the connection 13 typically comprises two connecting rod-type connecting members 51 for each breeding enclosure, each connecting member 51 connecting the breeding enclosure 5 to the chassis. The first axes of rotation R1 of the two connecting members of the same breeding enclosure are aligned with each other. Similarly, the second axes of rotation R2 of the two connecting members 51 of the same enclosure 5 are aligned with each other.

[0073] The breeding enclosure 5 has a proximal edge 55 and a distal edge 57 opposite each other, facing the two metal bars framing the breeding enclosure 5.

[0074] In the example shown, the proximal edge and the distal edge are longitudinal.

[0075] These edges 55, 57 are formed by segments of the flat collars 31 of the two half-enclosures pressed against each other.

[0076] Link 13 links proximal edge 55 to chassis 3.

[0077] More precisely, each connecting member 51 connects the proximal edge 55 to the metal bar 17 adjoining said proximal edge.

[0078] As visible on the figures 4 , 12 And 13 , the connection 13 comprises, for each connection member 51, a sleeve 53 fixed to the metal bar 17 adjoining the proximal edge 55 of the breeding enclosure 5. The connection member 51 is pivotally mounted around the sleeve 53. The metal bar 17 thus constitutes the second axis of rotation R2.

[0079] This sleeve 53 completely surrounds the metal bar 17. For example, it consists of two half-shells of generally semi-cylindrical shape, placed on either side of the metal bar 17. The two half-shells are rigidly fixed to each other by any suitable means, for example by pins. The sleeve 53 is typically made of polyolefin. This reduces the wear of the connecting member 51, which is not in direct contact with the metal bar.

[0080] As visible on the figures 9 à 13 , each connecting member 51 advantageously comprises two half-clamps 59 independent of one another. The two half-clamps 59 together define two bearings 61, 63, substantially parallel to one another. The bearing 61 is intended to internally receive the sleeve 53. The bearing 63 is intended to internally receive a cylinder 65 formed on the proximal edge 55 of the breeding enclosure.

[0081] Each half-clamp 59 therefore has the general shape of a W, with three blocks 67, 69 and 71 delimiting between them two hollows 73 and 75. The hollows 73 and 75 have semi-cylindrical shapes. When the two half-clamps are assembled together, the hollows 73 of the two half-clamps constitute the bearing 61, and the hollows 75 of the half-clamps constitute the bearing 63.

[0082] The two half-clamps 59 are capable of being mounted on the breeding enclosure 5 in a stable open position, shown in the figure 11 , in which the half-clamps 59 are connected to each other by a pivot connection 77.

[0083] The axis of rotation of the pivot is substantially parallel to the first axis of rotation.

[0084] To allow the two half-clamps to be put in place, the proximal edge 55 of the rack has, along the cylinder 65, two orifices 78. These orifices are offset towards the inside of the enclosure relative to the cylinder 65.

[0085] The pivot connection 77 comprises two plates 79, parallel to each other, formed on the block 71 of one of the half-clamps ( figures 5 And 9 ). Each plate 79 carries pins 81 on its two opposite faces. The four pins 81 are aligned.

[0086] The block 71 of the other half-clamp forms two pairs of flanges 83, each pair of flanges being designed to receive between its two flanges one of the plates 79. Cradles for receiving the trunnions 81 (not shown) are hollowed out in the opposite faces of the two flanges of the same pair.

[0087] The half-clamps 59 are first mounted on the enclosure 5 as illustrated in the figure 10 .

[0088] It can be seen that the plates 79 are each engaged in one of the orifices 78. They are engaged between the flanges 83 of the other half-clamp 59. The half-clamps form an angle of approximately 90° with each other. The rotation of the two half-clamps relative to each other in the direction of opening the clamp is blocked by reliefs formed on the half-clamps 59. On the other hand, the two half-clamps 59 are free to pivot relative to each other around the pivot connection 77 in the direction of closing. It should be noted that the cradles formed in the flanges 83 are provided so that the engagement of the pins 81 is easy, but that the extraction of the pins 81 from the cradles requires a significant effort, so as to prevent the two half-clamps from separating from each other involuntarily.

[0089] From the position of the figure 10 , the half-clamps 59 can pivot around the pivot connection 77 to the stable open position, shown in the figure 11 . Each half-clamp 59 comprises an arm 84, carrying at its end a relief 84R. In the open position, the relief 84R of each half-clamp is reversibly wedged in a housing 84M of the other half-clamp. This makes it possible to maintain the half-clamps 59 in the open position, without preventing the rotational movement of the half-clamps towards each other from being prolonged.

[0090] So, from the stable open position ( figure 11 ), the two half-clamps can be closed around the frame 3 by pivoting around the pivot connection 77 ( figure 12 ). The arms 84 slide through the housings 84M.

[0091] The hollows 75 are then placed around the cylinder 65, and the hollows 73 around the sleeve 53. In this position, the intermediate blocks 69 of the two half-clamps 59 are in abutment against each other, and the blocks 67 of the two half-clamps 59 are also in abutment against each other. The two half-clamps 59 are locked in this position by pins G shown in the figure 13 , engaged in aligned orifices O of the two half-clamps 59. It is therefore understood that the assembly of the connecting member 51 is particularly simple. It allows easy installation of the breeding enclosures 5 on the chassis 3.

[0092] The breeding enclosure 5 preferably comprises at least one stop zone 85 ( figure 14 ), cooperating with the connecting member 51 so as to limit the rotational movement of the breeding enclosure 5 relative to the connecting member 51 around the first axis of rotation R1.

[0093] Typically, the breeding enclosure 5 comprises two stop zones 85, limiting the rotational movement of the breeding enclosure 5 relative to the connecting member 51 in the two opposite directions of rotation.

[0094] These zones 85 are reinforced by the fact that they comprise a greater number of ribs 34 than the other zones of the enclosure 5, so as to stiffen the structure of the breeding enclosure 5 at the level of said zones 85.

[0095] For example, these zones 85 are the zones of the peripheral wall 33 located opposite each connecting member. The zone 85 formed on the peripheral wall 33 of one of the half-racks limits rotation in one direction, and that formed on the wall 33 of the other half-rack limits rotation in the other direction. These stops thus provide a shock effect at the end of the stroke promoting the detachment and movement of the aquaculture animals on the tray.

[0096] According to the invention, the breeding device 1 comprises a limiting device 86, limiting the movement of the breeding enclosure 5 relative to the chassis 3 in the vertical direction ( figure 4 ).

[0097] The limiting device 86 comprises at least one flexible link 87 which connects the chassis 3 to the breeding enclosure 5.

[0098] The or each flexible link 87 is elastic. This makes it possible to cushion the movement of the breeding enclosure in the vertical direction.

[0099] Typically, each breeding enclosure 5 is connected by two flexible links 87 to the frame 3.

[0100] Preferably, each flexible link 87 connects the distal edge 57 of the breeding enclosure 5 to the frame 3. More precisely, the link 87 connects the distal edge 57 to the metal bar 17 located opposite the connecting members 51. Thus, the breeding enclosure is connected on one side by the connecting members 51 to one of the metal bars 17, and on the other side by the flexible links 87 to the other metal bar 17.

[0101] As visible in particular on the figures 4 And 5 , the distal edge 57 has orifices 89 allowing the passage of the flexible link 87.

[0102] Typically, the ends of the flexible link 87 are fixed to the sleeve 53 on which the neighboring breeding enclosure 5 is hinged. As illustrated in the figure 4 , the ends of the flexible link 87 are wound around the sleeve, in grooves 90 formed by the sleeve 53.

[0103] The sleeves 53 may also include notches 88, visible on the figure 12 , allowing the flexible link to be attached to the sleeve.

[0104] It should be noted that the orifices 89 are identical and positioned in the same way as the orifices 78.

[0105] More generally, it will be noted that each half-rack is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal median plane, perpendicular to the flat part 29.

[0106] This makes it possible to mount the breeding enclosures in any direction.

[0107] In the first embodiment, each breeding enclosure 5 is equipped with its own float 11, which thus constitutes the float device 10. The float 11 is linked to an area of ​​the breeding enclosure 5 located near the distal edge 57.

[0108] Advantageously, as illustrated in the figure 1 , the float 11 is housed inside the breeding enclosure 5. It is fixed to the breeding enclosure 5 by any suitable means, for example by forming reliefs on the internal surface of the breeding enclosure, which hold the float 11 in place once the two half-enclosures 27 are engaged with each other.

[0109] The float 11 is sized to float the enclosure containing the aquaculture animals until the end of breeding, that is to say when these animals have their maximum weight.

[0110] The float device 10 can also be adapted as the farming progresses, for example by adding buoyancy as the mass of the aquaculture animals in the enclosures increases.

[0111] The operation of the breeding system will now be detailed, more particularly with reference to the figures 1 à 3 .

[0112] The device is designed to transmit wave motions to the breeding enclosures, and cause the aquaculture animals to roll over a significant distance on the inner surface of the enclosure and against each other, particularly during the ebb and flow of the tide.

[0113] On the figure 1 , the device is shown when the water level is substantially at the level of the metal bars 17.

[0114] The inner bottom 23 is substantially horizontal.

[0115] The float device 10 is located at the level of the water surface.

[0116] The two axes of rotation R1, R2 are substantially in a horizontal plane.

[0117] The flexible ties 87 are not stretched.

[0118] When the breeding enclosure is located in a trough between two waves, as illustrated in the figure 3 , the vertical level of the float device 10 lowers.

[0119] The breeding enclosure 5 adopts an inclined position, the proximal edge 55 connected by the connection 13 to the frame 3 remaining higher and the distal edge 57 being lower. The connection 13 allows the breeding enclosure 5 to pivot around the two axes of rotation R1 and R2.

[0120] Due to the inclination, in particular due to the fact that the lower bottom 23 is inclined relative to the horizontal, the livestock 9 will roll on the inner bottom 23 and will roll against each other, accumulating towards the distal edge 57 of the livestock enclosure.

[0121] Because the link 13 has two degrees of rotational freedom, the downward pivoting movement of the breeding enclosure 5 (arrow F1 of the figure 3 ) is accompanied by a movement of general horizontal orientation of enclosure 5, materialized by arrow F2 of the figure 3 This general horizontal movement creates a shearing force at the contact between the aquaculture animals and the breeding enclosure, which amplifies the movement of the livestock and allows them to slide down and roll even with slight inclinations. This shearing force, when repeated, can eventually detach livestock that are stuck to the breeding enclosure.

[0122] Thus, the connection 13 makes it possible to transform the vertical movement of the water, due to the waves, into an agitation movement that is both vertical and horizontal which, associated with the inclination of the breeding enclosure 5, allows the aquaculture animals to slide down onto the flat mesh of the enclosure by rolling on this mesh against each other.

[0123] Furthermore, the connecting members 51 at the end of their travel come into contact with the stop zones 85 of the breeding enclosure, which further reinforces the shearing effect. This promotes the detachment of the breeding animals, in particular oysters which could have stuck together by pearling between two periods of agitation.

[0124] The limiting device 86 makes it possible to limit the vertical amplitude of the movement, which allows the breeder to adapt the system to the hydraulic conditions prevailing in the breeding area and to the seasonality of his breeding.

[0125] It should be noted that the breeding enclosure 5 is animated by movements opposite to those shown by the arrows F1 and F2 when the enclosure returns from its low position illustrated in the figure 3 to the intermediate position illustrated in the figure 1 .

[0126] As visible on the figure 2 , when the breeding enclosure 5 is located at the top of a wave, the breeding enclosure 5 adopts an inclination opposite to that illustrated in the figure 3 . The distal edge 57 is higher than the metal bar 17, so that the aquaculture animals 9 roll down the lower bottom 23 towards the proximal edge 55. The breeding enclosure undergoes a pivoting movement relative to the metal bar 17, materialized by the arrow F3 of the figure 2 . This pivoting is done upwards. Compared to the position of the figure 1 , the breeding enclosure 5 also undergoes a displacement in a general horizontal direction, materialized by the arrow F4 of the figure 2 . Again, a shear force is created between the aquaculture animals and the breeding enclosure, which promotes the movement and rolling of the breeding animals 9 within the breeding enclosure 5.

[0127] The connecting members 51 at the end of their travel come into contact with the stop zones 85 provided for this purpose on the breeding enclosure 5. The limiting device 86 limits the vertical travel upwards of the breeding enclosure 5 relative to the chassis 3.

[0128] The breeding enclosure 5 is animated by movements opposite to those represented by the arrows F3 and F4 when it returns from its extreme high position materialized on the figure 2 at the intermediate position shown on the figure 1 .

[0129] In the first embodiment, the breeding device 1 must be arranged on the foreshore, so that the breeding enclosures 5 are at the level of the water surface at least at one time during the tide.

[0130] Thus, the choice of the level of installation of the breeding device on the foreshore makes it possible to adapt the device to the tidal conditions. Indeed, the tidal range is characterized by two parameters: its amplitude, which varies from one day to the next (for example, in France, high tidal ranges alternate with low tidal ranges over a period of 15 days) and the speed of rise and fall of the water which, for example, follows the rule of twelfths, which means that at the beginning or end of the falling or rising tide, the speed of rise and fall is three times slower than at mid-tide.Consequently, depending on the altimetric location of the float in relation to the tidal range, it will be possible to obtain either daily agitation over a long period in the upper range of low amplitude tidal ranges, or in the lower range of high amplitude tidal ranges, infrequent to very infrequent agitation over a long period, or in the space between the tidal ranges, more or less frequent agitation of shorter duration can be obtained.

[0131] It should be noted that the limiting device 86 also makes it possible to adjust the amplitude and duration of agitation of the aquaculture animals, in order to regulate the desired effect on the animals being farmed. In fact, the breeding enclosures 5 are only agitated during a limited period of the tide. They are agitated between the moment when the wave crest reaches the lower position of the breeding enclosure (shown in the figure 3 ), and the moment when the wave trough exceeds the high position of the breeding enclosures (represented on the figure 2 ). The greater the vertical amplitude of the movement of the breeding enclosures, the greater the duration of agitation, and the more violent the agitation.

[0132] An advantageous aspect of the first embodiment of the invention is shown in the figure 15 . As described above, the frame 3 comprises a plurality of metal bars 17, parallel to each other and regularly spaced from each other. The metal bars 17 are for example fixed to metal crosspieces 90. Each breeding enclosure is arranged between two metal bars 17. Its proximal edge 55 is connected by the connection 13 to one of the metal bars 17, and its distal edge 57 is connected by one or more flexible links 87 to the other metal bar 17. The neighboring breeding enclosure 5 is mounted in the same way. More precisely, the distal edge 55 of the neighboring breeding enclosure 5 is connected by the connection 13 to the metal bar 17 to which the first breeding enclosure is connected by the flexible connection(s) 87. Thus, each metal bar 17 is connected on one side by a connection 13 to a breeding enclosure 5, and on the other side by flexible connections 87 to another breeding enclosure.

[0133] This forms a continuous line of breeding enclosures 5. The breeding enclosures 5 can be turned over very easily to combat fouling. Indeed, it is known that algae develop more easily on the sides of the breeding enclosures which are turned upwards, i.e. exposed to the sun. Furthermore, sea squirts develop on the side of the breeding enclosure which is in the shade, i.e. turned downwards.

[0134] To turn the breeding enclosures of the device of the invention, it is sufficient to untie the links 87 connecting each breeding enclosure to the corresponding metal bar 17. The breeding enclosure 5 can then be pivoted around the other metal bar, to which it is connected by the link 13. Then, the distal edge of the enclosure is connected to a new metal bar 17, by the elastic links which have remained in place.

[0135] A second embodiment of the invention will now be described, with reference to figures 16 à 19 . Only the points by which the second embodiment differs from the first will be detailed below.

[0136] In the second embodiment of the invention, all the breeding enclosures 5 of the breeding device 1 are linked to the same float device 10.

[0137] Advantageously, the frame 3 comprises several metal bars 17 parallel to each other, spaced from each other at least vertically.

[0138] For example, the frame 3 comprises a parallelepiped structure. This structure comprises four vertical posts 91, these posts preferably being secured to each other by an upper frame 93 and by a lower frame 94. The metal bars 17 are rigidly fixed by their opposite end to two of the posts 91, and are superimposed in the vertical direction. The metal bars 17 are thus arranged on a large face of the parallelepiped.

[0139] A breeding enclosure 5 is connected to each metal bar 17, the breeding enclosures 5 being superimposed on top of each other.

[0140] The metal bars 17 are regularly spaced from each other in the vertical direction.

[0141] The breeding enclosures 5 are placed inside the frame, and swing between the posts 91.

[0142] According to an exemplary embodiment, the float device 10 comprises a single float 11. The float device 10 is connected by a flexible connection 95 to the upper breeding enclosure 5, located highest in the stack of breeding enclosures.

[0143] The flexible connection 95 is of any suitable type. The flexible connection 95 comprises, for example, one or more cables, each connecting the float to the enclosure. Alternatively, it comprises ropes, cords, chains, or any other type of flexible connection.

[0144] Intermediate connections 97, typically cables or ropes, connect each breeding enclosure 5 to the breeding enclosure located immediately above and / or to the breeding enclosure located immediately below in the stack. Alternatively, these intermediate connections are rigid spacers, which pivot for example around the axes located on the distal edge of the breeding enclosures. Indeed, a rigid connection can be a factor of cohesion of the movement promoting equal agitation of all the breeding enclosures. In certain cases, a flexible connection could, in the event of high-frequency agitation (chopping), promote, following the inertia of all the breeding enclosures, the agitation of the upper breeding enclosures with the consequence of excessive agitation of the breeding animals in the upper enclosures versus insufficient agitation of the breeding animals in the lower enclosures.

[0145] Typically, the flexible connection 95 connects the float device 10 to the distal edge 57 of the upper breeding enclosure. The intermediate connection(s) 97 connect the distal edges of the different breeding enclosures to each other.

[0146] The breeding device according to the second embodiment of the invention is designed to be able to be used in deep water, that is to say in an area where the breeding enclosures 5 are not uncovered at low tide.

[0147] The chassis 3 rests on the bottom 15. It is for example mounted on a pile driven into the bottom 15.

[0148] The length of the flexible connection 95 is chosen such that the float device 10, when the flexible connection 95 is stretched, is in the tidal zone, that is to say at a level between the water level at low tide (MB on the figure 19 ) and the water level at high tide (MH on the figure 19 ).

[0149] In other words, the length of the flexible connection is chosen so that, at least at one point during the tidal cycle, the float device 10 floats on the surface of the water with the flexible connection 95 taut, such that water displacements due to waves are transmitted by the float device 10 and the flexible connection 95 to the upper rearing enclosure.

[0150] The intermediate links 97 are chosen to be of such lengths that, when the upper enclosure 5 pivots upwards, it drives the enclosure located immediately below it, which itself drives the enclosure immediately below it, etc.

[0151] Typically, the length of the intermediate links 97 is chosen to be equal to the vertical spacing between the metal bars 17.

[0152] In the example shown, the float 11 is connected to the upper breeding enclosure by two cables. Each breeding enclosure is connected to the enclosure immediately above and / or the enclosure immediately below by two intermediate links 97.

[0153] Furthermore, the limiting device 86 comprises at least one flexible link 99, connecting the upper breeding enclosure to the chassis and limiting the downward travel of said enclosure. In the example shown, the limiting device 86 comprises two flexible links 99, connecting the upper enclosure to the chassis.

[0154] Advantageously, the limiting device 86 comprises at least one flexible link 101, connecting the lower enclosure 5, located at the bottom of the stack of enclosures, to the chassis and limiting the upward travel of the lower enclosure. In the example shown, the limiting device 86 comprises two flexible links 101 connecting the lower enclosure to the chassis 3.

[0155] It should be noted that the flexible links 101 could not be mounted on the lower enclosure 101 but be mounted on any other enclosure in the stack.

[0156] The operation of the breeding device according to the second embodiment will now be described.

[0157] When the tide is high, as shown in the figure 17 , the float device 10 is completely submerged, and is located at a distance below the water level. The flexible connection 95 is taut. The breeding enclosures 5 occupy their uppermost positions. This position is defined by the limiting device 86.

[0158] In the embodiment described above, this position is defined by the length of the flexible link(s) 101, which are also taut.

[0159] The float device 10 forces the upper breeding enclosure 5 upwards, this force being transmitted by each breeding enclosure 5 to the immediately lower breeding enclosure through the intermediate links 97.

[0160] When the sea is at an intermediate level between high tide and low tide, depending on the length of the flexible connection 95, we encounter the situation illustrated in the figure figure 14 . The float device 10 floats on the surface of the water, the flexible connection 95 being taut. The vertical displacement of the water created by the waves causes a vertical displacement of the float device 10. When the float device 10 moves upwards, it drives the upper breeding enclosure 5 by means of the flexible connection 95, which itself drives the enclosures located lower upwards by means of the intermediate connections 97.

[0161] This vertical upward movement is limited, if necessary, by the limiting device 86. In the embodiment described above, the upward movement is limited by the flexible links 101.

[0162] When the water level drops, the float device 10 is driven downwards. This gives slack to the flexible connection 95, and the enclosures 5 are driven downwards under the effect of their own weight. The downward movement of the upper enclosure 5 is limited, if necessary, by the limiting device 86. In the embodiment described above, the downward movement is limited by the flexible connection(s) 99. The downward movement of each breeding enclosure 5 relative to the upper enclosure is limited by the length of the intermediate connections 97.

[0163] When the tide is low, the breeding system is in the situation illustrated by the figure 18 The breeding enclosures 5 are in their extreme low position, defined by the limiting device 86. In the embodiment described above, this position is defined by the length of the flexible link(s) 99 and by the length of the various intermediate links 97. The floating device 10 floats on the surface of the water. The flexible link 95 is not taut.

[0164] As indicated above, the second embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous because it allows the breeding device to be placed in deep water, in places never discovered at low tide. It therefore makes it possible to exploit areas which cannot be used with the device of the first embodiment of the invention.

[0165] The installation level of the float device 10 in relation to the height of the tidal range, i.e. the height of the water at high tide and the height of the water at low tide, makes it possible to choose the operating conditions of the system.

[0166] Thus, as described previously, the choice of the length of the flexible connection 95 makes it possible to adapt the device to the tidal conditions. Indeed, the tidal range is characterized by two parameters: its amplitude, which varies from one day to the next (for example, in France, high tidal ranges alternate with low tidal ranges over a period of 15 days) and the speed of rise and fall of the water which, for example, follows the rule of twelfths, which means that at the beginning or end of the falling or rising tide, the speed of rise and fall is three times slower than at mid-tide.Consequently, depending on the altimetric location of the floating device in relation to the tidal range, it will be possible to obtain either daily agitation over a long period in the upper range of low amplitude tidal ranges, or in the lower range of high amplitude tidal ranges, agitation that is infrequent or very infrequent over a long period, or in the space between the tidal ranges, agitation that is more or less frequent and of shorter duration can be obtained.

[0167] Furthermore, the amplitude of the movements, and the duration of the periods of agitation, can also be adjusted by the limiting device 86. In the embodiment described above, this adjustment is carried out by choosing the length of the flexible links 99 and 101.

[0168] The second embodiment of the invention can also be applied with breeding devices placed on the foreshore, when it is desired to set in motion a superposition of enclosures and / or work with the same tide level over the entire surface of the foreshore. This allows the breeder to make zootechnical choices: frequency of agitation, amplitude of movement, duration of agitation.

[0169] As illustrated in the figure 19 , several devices as described in the figure 16 can be arranged on the foreshore at different depth levels, the floating devices 10 of the different devices being adjusted to be placed at substantially the same level. Thus, the flexible links 95 of the different devices are of variable lengths, as illustrated in the figure 19 These lengths are chosen so that the respective flexible connections of the different devices are stretched for approximately the same water level.

[0170] A third embodiment, not shown, will now be described. Only the points in which the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment will be detailed below.

[0171] In the third embodiment, the float device 10 is not housed inside the breeding enclosure. On the contrary, the float device 10 is placed outside the breeding enclosure and is connected by a flexible connection 95 to the breeding enclosure 5.

[0172] As in the second embodiment, the length of the flexible connection 95 is chosen such that the float device 10, when the flexible connection 95 is stretched, is in the tidal zone

[0173] The breeding enclosures 5 can thus be placed outside the foreshore, in deep water.

[0174] It should be noted that, in the second and third embodiments of the invention, each breeding enclosure is alternatively equipped with its own float 103, in addition to the float device 10. Such a situation is illustrated in the figure 20 . The floats 103 are for example arranged in the enclosures 5. They are sized to at least partially compensate for the mass of aquaculture animals at the end of breeding. This makes it possible to limit the buoyancy of the float device 10 necessary for the movement, and therefore the forces transmitted by the float device 10 installed in the tidal range in the event of a storm for example. This aspect is very important because the cumulative effect of the floats according to their number, their arrangement and their volume, leaves the farmer the possibility of definitively determining the ideal assembly perfectly adapted to his site in deep water, knowing that the hydrodynamic conditions are invariable, while taking into account the storm risks, and therefore allowing him to obtain in a constant and regular manner the quality of product that he has chosen.

[0175] According to another alternative embodiment applicable to the second and third embodiments, the float device 10 comprises not a single float but a garland 105 of floats. Such an arrangement is illustrated in the figure 20 This garland 105 comprises a plurality of floats 107, mounted one behind the other along a flexible link 109, a lower end of which is secured to the flexible link 95.

[0176] Advantageously, the volume, and therefore the buoyancy, of the floats 107 increases from the upper end to the lower end of the flexible link 109.

[0177] Such an arrangement allows for a progressive, smoother and longer action within the chosen tidal range.

[0178] This variant can be combined with the previous one (float 103 specific to each enclosure in addition to the float device 10).

[0179] According to a variant not falling within the scope of the claimed invention, the connection 13 is not mounted on the proximal edge of each breeding enclosure 5. If we consider the median plane of the breeding enclosure 5, perpendicular to the lower bottom and parallel to the axes of rotation R1 and R2, the connection 13 can connect any point located on one side of this median plane to the chassis 3. The float 11 is preferably connected to any point located on the other side of the median plane.

[0180] Similarly, according to another variant not falling within the scope of the claimed invention, the flexible links can be linked to any point of the enclosure located on the side of the median plane opposite the link 13.

[0181] The invention has been described for a device in which the breeding enclosures 5 are connected to the frame by connecting rod-type connecting members, creating a shear force between the aquaculture animals and the enclosure under the effect of the vertical movement of the enclosures. However, the invention is also applicable to breeding enclosures connected to the frame by simple pivoting connections around a single axis of rotation, as described in FR2576484, or to systems of pivoting trays on which the breeding enclosures are placed, or to systems of cages containing numerous enclosures, said cages being able to pivot around an axis so as to ensure a movement of the enclosures similar to that described previously.

[0182] Another embodiment variant will now be described, with reference to the figure 21 . It is applicable to all the embodiments described previously.

[0183] In this embodiment, the chassis 3 does not rest directly on the seabed 15. The chassis 3 is located slightly above the seabed 15. It is mounted, for example, on a supporting structure 111, which rests fixedly on the seabed 15.

[0184] The 111 supporting structure is suitable for any type: table, gantry, etc.

[0185] It is rigidly fixed to the seabed, or on the contrary is only weighted so that it remains in place due to its own weight.

[0186] The supporting structure 111 carries one or more breeding devices 1. Each chassis 3 is mounted on the supporting structure 111 by any suitable means: rigid metal bars 113, direct welds, flexible metal cables, etc.

[0187] According to an alternative embodiment, the limiting device 86 comprises fixed stops in addition to the flexible links 87, 99, 101.

[0188] These fixed stops are rigidly fixed to the chassis 3. Some stops limit the upward travel of the or each breeding enclosure 5 relative to the chassis 3, and other stops limit the downward travel of the or each breeding enclosure 5 relative to the chassis 3.

[0189] In the second embodiment, the stops are advantageously metal bars rigidly fixed to the frame, above and below the stack of breeding enclosures.

[0190] Such an arrangement is particularly well suited when the breeding enclosures are placed on rotating platforms linked to the chassis.

[0191] It should be noted that the combination of four complementary technical aspects allows for particularly interesting results to be obtained. These four aspects contribute to very effectively transferring a shearing movement to aquaculture animals, which allows them to roll on a surface and against each other in such a way as to obtain growth limitation by sequential rupture of the lace, resulting in high fattening, cleanliness and an impeccable shell shape.

[0192] These four technical aspects are as follows. 1. The use of an enclosure with a large, flat surface for rearing aquaculture animals. 2. The use of a floating device linked directly or indirectly to the enclosure which follows the sea level when the tide is at the level of the floating device, transferring to the enclosure a variation in inclination from top to bottom and from bottom to top when the sea rises and falls, so that the aquaculture animals flow down onto the rearing surface; the enclosure, if applicable, also follows the undulating movement of the waves, thus multiplying the previous movement and, if applicable, when the enclosure itself emerges, creating, thanks to its lower surface thus arranged at the air / water interface undergoing the effect of the wave striking the underside of the enclosure, a washing effect by the water spraying under excess pressure through the mesh of the enclosure (wave blowing effect well known in rocky cavities by the sea).This effect is particularly strong when the enclosure has a wide and flat lower surface, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. 3. The use of a fixing which is fixed on two axes, one on the enclosure and the other on the support of the enclosure, thus forming a connecting rod which converts the upward / downward movement created by the float device into a shearing movement promoting, thanks to their inertia, the movement of the aquaculture animals on the flat surface of the enclosure; this promotes the detachment of the aquaculture animals stuck back on the enclosure by nacration during periods of tide without agitation of the enclosures. 4. The use of a limiting device making it possible to limit the vertical amplitude of the upward / downward movement due to the float device to limit the preceding effects according to zootechnical needs.

[0193] There is a synergy between these technical aspects, allowing particularly good results to be achieved.

[0194] However, it is not necessary to implement these four technical aspects jointly. In the present invention, aspects 2. and 4. are claimed jointly and allow excellent results to be achieved for adapting the system to the breeding conditions. Implementing aspects 1. and / or 3., in addition to aspects 2. and 4., further improves the results.

Claims

1. A device for rearing aquaculture animals at sea, the aquaculture animals being shellfish, the device (1) comprising: - a framework (3); - at least one rearing enclosure (5) internally delimiting a volume (7) for receiving the aquaculture animals (9); - a float device (10) connected to said at least one rearing enclosure (5); - a connection (13) connecting said at least one rearing enclosure (5) to the framework (3), permitting a rotation of said at least [one] rearing enclosure (5) with respect to the framework (3) about at least one substantially horizontal axis of rotation; - a limiting device (86) limiting the travel of said at least one rearing enclosure (5) relative to the framework (3) along the vertical direction; each rearing enclosure (5) having a substantially flat lower bottom (23); the float device (10) following the sea level when the tide is at the level of the float device (10) and transferring to the rearing enclosure (5) a variation of inclination from top to bottom and from bottom to top when the sea rises and falls, so that the shellfish slide over the lower bottom (23); the limiting device (86) being configured for limiting the vertical amplitude of the upward and downward movement due to the float device (10), and the rearing device being characterized in that the limiting device (86) comprises at least one flexible link (87, 99, 101) connecting the framework (3) to said at least one rearing enclosure (5), the at least one flexible link (87, 99, 101) being resilient, the at least one rearing enclosure (5) having a proximal edge (55) and a distal edge (57) that are opposite one another, the connection (13) connecting the proximal edge (55) to the framework (3), said at least one flexible link (87, 99, 101) connecting the distal edge (57) to the framework (3).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the float device (10) is connected to a zone of said at least one rearing enclosure (5) located near the distal edge (57).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the framework (3) comprises several metal bars (17) parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another at least horizontally, the rearing device (1) comprising several rearing enclosures (5) each positioned between two of the metal bars (17), the proximal edge (55) of said rearing enclosure (5) being connected by the connection (13) to one of the two metal bars (17), the distal edge (57) of said rearing enclosure (5) being connected by the flexible link (87) to the other of the two metal bars (17).

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the framework (3) comprises several metal bars (17) parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another at least vertically, the rearing device (1) comprising several rearing enclosures (5) located one above the other, each connected to one of the metal bars (17), all of the rearing enclosures (5) being connected to a same float device (10).

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein a first flexible link (99) connects the upper rearing enclosure (5) to the framework (3), limiting the downward travel of the rearing enclosures (5).

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a second flexible link (101) connects one of the rearing enclosures (5) to the framework (3), limiting the upward travel of the rearing enclosures (5).

7. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection (13) permits a rotation of said at least one rearing enclosure (5) about a first, substantially horizontal axis of rotation (R1), and a rotation of the first axis of rotation (R1) with respect to the framework (3) about a second axis of rotation (R2) substantially parallel to the first axis of rotation (R1).

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the connection (13) includes at least one connection member (51) of the connecting rod type, mounted pivoting on said at least one rearing enclosure (5) about the first axis of rotation (R1) and mounted pivoting on the framework (3) about the second axis of rotation (R2).

9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the substantially flat lower bottom (23) is parallel to the first and second axes of rotation (R1, R2).