Self-repairing photovoltaic multi-solar cell and self-repair method for such a cell

Description

technical field

[0001] This disclosure falls within the field of photovoltaic renewable energy and concerns a new architecture for a multi-junction solar power generation unit. In the case of thin-film multi-junction photovoltaic cells, particularly those based on perovskite materials, these layers can exhibit reversible degradation, thus enabling self-repair of the layers and, consequently, of the cells. Previous technique

[0002] Silicon photovoltaic cells degrade slowly but irreversibly, and their average lifespan in production is around 40 years (assuming a degradation rate of 0.5% per year and end of life at 80% of nominal power). New perovskite cell technologies, which will be used in perovskite / silicon multijunction modules to limit thermal loss and thus increase efficiency, are subject, according to ongoing studies, to a greater degradation rate that varies depending on the technology studied (for example, on the order of 0.05% to 0.5% per day). However, some of this degradation, linked in part to the electronic and ionic nature of the charges in perovskite materials, is reversible, making it possible to envision self-repair of the perovskite layers in multijunction cells.

[0003] The reversible degradation of perovskite layers is primarily linked to the movement of ions within their structure. Unlike the reference case of silicon, transient phenomena are observed under real-world conditions, for example, during day-night cycles, and these phenomena can be exploited to reduce degradation and restore optimal cell performance. Currently, self-repair in the case of reversible degradation is limited to recovery during nighttime periods, this recovery being akin to a period of cell rest.

[0004] US patent 2018 / 175112 A1 describes a multi-junction photovoltaic cell comprising a front-facing perovskite absorber subcell, a rear-facing perovskite absorber subcell, and a central subcell made of an absorber material with a band gap smaller than that of the perovskite materials of the front- and rear-facing subcells. The multi-junction photovoltaic cell further has two connecting electrodes located on the front and rear faces of the cell, respectively. Technical problem

[0005] Currently, self-repair, which is limited to the duration of nighttime periods and is not controlled by an algorithm, may not fully account for the self-repair needs created by cell usage. Furthermore, self-repair is not optimized and does not allow for the identification and delivery of an optimal level of regeneration necessary to return the cells to their initial performance state at each cycle / day. Description of the invention

[0006] In light of this situation, the objective of this disclosure is, firstly, to propose cells that optimize their self-repair and to create photovoltaic modules equipped with such cells, and secondly, to provide methods and algorithms for controlling such photovoltaic modules to manage and maximize the self-repair of said cells. To this end, the present invention is based on photovoltaic assemblies configured to allow the use of a first photovoltaic stack as an electrical generator while a second photovoltaic stack undergoes a self-repair process during the day.

[0007] More specifically, this disclosure proposes a photovoltaic cell equipped with a photovoltaic assembly comprising, from one face of the assembly to a second face of the assembly: a first connecting electrode of a first transparent electrical contact layer on at least one first selective charge extraction layer of a first photovoltaic stack, the first photovoltaic stack, a second connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least one second selective charge extraction layer of said first photovoltaic stack, a first transparent insulating layer, a third connecting electrode of a first transparent electrical contact layer on at least one second selective charge extraction layer of a second photovoltaic stack, the second photovoltaic stack, a fourth connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least one first selective charge extraction layer of said second photovoltaic stack, a second transparent insulating layer,a fifth connecting electrode of a first transparent electrical contact layer on at least one first selective charge extraction layer of a third photovoltaic stack, the third photovoltaic stack, a sixth connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least one second selective charge extraction layer of said third photovoltaic stack, , for which: the first photovoltaic stack and the third photovoltaic stack are perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, in particular of a silicon absorber material, another perovskite, thin film absorber or other material, said connecting electrodes of said transparent layers of electrical contact are independent of each other.

[0008] Such an assembly makes it possible to produce panel cells in which the perovskite photovoltaic stacks can be isolated from the rest of the assembly to be regenerated.

[0009] In the assembly, the first and third photovoltaic stacks can each include: one or more first layers of protection and passivation of said perovskite absorber between said first layers of selective electrical charge extraction and said perovskite absorber, said perovskite absorber, one or more second layers of protection and passivation of said absorbers between said one or more second layers of selective electrical charge extraction and said perovskite absorber.

[0010] This disclosure also proposes a photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic panel provided with photovoltaic assemblies as described above and further comprising an electrical connection device adapted to connect the first and fifth electrodes to the third electrode of said assemblies on the one hand and adapted to connect the second and sixth electrodes to the fourth electrode of said assemblies and to create a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device being adapted to selectively disconnect the electrodes of the first stack of said assemblies or the electrodes of the third stack from the electrodes of the second stack of said assemblies.

[0011] With one face of the panel oriented towards sunlight and the other face of the panel oriented towards shade, the electrical connection device is advantageously configured to connect the first and second photovoltaic stacks to form a first current / voltage generator, and to disconnect the third photovoltaic stacks from the first and second photovoltaic stacks to put said third photovoltaic stacks into a self-repair mode, and for which, the second face of the panel being oriented towards sunlight and the first face of said panel towards shade,The electrical connection device is configured to connect the third photovoltaic stacks and the second photovoltaic stacks to form a second current / voltage generator and to disconnect the first photovoltaic stacks from the second and third photovoltaic stacks to put the first photovoltaic stacks into a self-repair mode.

[0012] This disclosure also proposes a photovoltaic system comprising at least: a photovoltaic device as described above, a frame equipped with means for reversing the panel, an MPPT-regulated converter module and a module for regenerating said perovskite absorbers, for which the converter module includes means for monitoring irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers and means for controlling said reversing means configured to reverse said panel in the event of degradation exceeding a defined threshold of those of said first or third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks positioned on the sunlit side to position them on the shaded side and to position the other of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the sunlit side, the connection device being configured to disconnect those of said first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shaded side of the converter module and to connect it with the regeneration module.

[0013] The regeneration module may include at least one of the following: a device for short-circuiting the electrodes of a perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, a device for opening the electrodes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, a device for generating voltage pulses to the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, and include means for measuring current / voltage under darkness of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks which are connected to it.

[0014] This disclosure further proposes a method for controlling solar panels comprising photovoltaic assemblies in a system as described above: one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at at least one panel, and measurements of meteorological data; day / night detection; if night is detected: one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks, and implementation of regeneration processes for said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel; if day is detected: one or more sequences including the regeneration of the shaded perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the expected performance of the sunlight-facing perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks.the measurement of the degradation of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side relative to said expected performance and the estimation of the regeneration rate of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shaded side of said panel relative to said expected performance in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of photovoltaic stacks with absorbers on the shaded side than a performance of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side after degradation and a detection such that, if the regeneration of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shaded side corresponds to a higher performance than a performance of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side after degradation,a reversal of said panel by control of said reversal means; if the regeneration of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber on the shaded side remains lower than a performance of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber on the degraded sunlight side, the maintenance of the panel in its position.

[0015] This disclosure also relates to a panel control method in which the estimation of the regeneration rate of the shaded side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel includes current / voltage measurements in the shade.

[0016] The regeneration steps may include at least one of the following operations: one or more applications of voltage pulses across the terminals of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, one or more short-circuitings of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, and one or more open-circuitings of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks

[0017] This sequence can be repeated during the operation of said panels.

[0018] This disclosure further proposes a photovoltaic system comprising a processor associated with a program memory containing a program with instructions to implement said process.

[0019] This disclosure provides for a non-transient, computer-readable recording medium on which said program is recorded. Brief description of the drawings

[0020] Other features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments and analyzing the accompanying drawings, in which: [ Fig. 1 ] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic assembly; Fig. 2A], [Fig. 2B ] show schematic views of the assembly implementation of the figure 1 ; Fig. 3 ] shows an example of a flowchart for a photovoltaic panel control process; ] Fig. 4 ] shows a schematic view of the implementation of a panel of this nighttime disclosure. Description of implementation methods

[0021] The drawings and description below contain elements that can not only help to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0022] Reference is now being made to the figure 1which represents a first embodiment of a photovoltaic assembly of the present disclosure which comprises from a first face 1 of the assembly to a second face 2 of the assembly: a first electrode c1 which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 32a, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least one first transparent charge-extraction layer 33a of a first photovoltaic stack 3, the first photovoltaic stack 3, a second electrode c2 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 32b, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least one second transparent charge-extraction layer 33b of said first photovoltaic stack 3, a first transparent insulating layer 61, a third electrode c3 connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 52a in order to connect at least one first transparent charge-extraction layer 53a of a second photovoltaic stack, the second photovoltaic stack 5,a fourth electrode c4 connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 52b in order to connect at least a second transparent charge-extraction layer 53b of said second photovoltaic stack 5, a second transparent insulating layer 62, a fifth electrode c5 which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 42a in order to connect at least a first transparent charge-extraction layer 43a of a third photovoltaic stack 4, the third photovoltaic stack 4, a sixth electrode c6 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 42b in order to connect at least a second transparent charge-extraction layer 43b of said third photovoltaic stack, , for which: the first photovoltaic stack 3 and the third photovoltaic stack 4 are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 31, 41, the second photovoltaic stack 5 is a photovoltaic stack with silicon absorber 51 another perovskite, thin film absorber or an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, said electrodes c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6 of connection of said extraction layers 33a, 33b, 43a, 43b, 53a, 53b through said conductive layers 32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b are independent of each other.

[0023] This embodiment produces a photovoltaic cell, which can be bifacial depending on the contact connections chosen, and whose stacks have separate output electrodes allowing the photovoltaic stack 4 on the shaded side 11 to be isolated from the stacks 3 on the light side 10 and central 5, as in figure 2A , or to isolate the photovoltaic stack 3 on the shaded side 11 from the stacks 4 on the light side 10 and central 5, as in figure 2B , when the panel containing the cells of this disclosure is returned.

[0024] Back to the figure 1 , the first and third photovoltaic stack each comprise one or more first layers of protection and passivation 34a, 44a, 33b, 44b of said absorbers between said selective extraction layers 33a, 43a, 33b, 43b of electrical charges on each side of said perovskite absorber 31, 41.

[0025] Selective charge extraction layers can include layers known by the abbreviations ETL or HTL (according to the English name "electron transport layer" or "hole transport layer").

[0026] Electrically insulating and optically transparent layers 61, 62 are for example layers known in the field by the acronym EVA.

[0027] The assemblies shown are schematically represented constituent elements of photovoltaic panels P for the first embodiment at the figure 2A in first position and at the figure 2Bin an inverted position relative to the first position as seen above. According to the figures, two panel assemblies are shown to simplify the drawing, but the panel can have a large number of configurations according to an x, y matrix. The assemblies are chosen based on the desired output voltage and current of the device, depending on the downstream electrical system. In this disclosure, the electrodes of the first stacks 3, 3', ... are connected in parallel, the electrodes of the second stacks 5, 5', ... are connected in parallel, and the electrodes of the third stacks 4, 4', ... are connected in parallel.

[0028] For this configuration, the perovskite absorber stacks located on the light side 10 and the silicon absorber stacks receive light and can operate as generators, while the perovskite absorber stacks located under the panel, which receive virtually no light, can be put into regeneration mode even during the day.

[0029] To achieve this, a connection device 7 is configured to allow the electrodes of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks under the panel to be disconnected from the electrodes of the other stacks that are connected in parallel. This allows the electrodes of the perovskite absorber stacks under the panel to be connected to a regeneration module 9, while the electrodes of the light-facing perovskite absorber stacks 10 and the silicon absorber stacks are connected to an MPPT converter module 8, MPPT being the acronym for "Maximum Power Point Tracking".

[0030] In the case of the figure 2AThese are the electrodes of the photovoltaic stacks 4, 4' located under the panel in the shaded area 11 when face 1a of the panel is facing the light and face 2a is facing the shaded area. These stacks with perovskite absorbers are then connected via the electrical connection device 7 to the regeneration module. In this case, the perovskite absorber stacks 3, 3' on the light-facing side 11 and the silicon absorber stacks 5, 5' are connected together and linked to the MPPT converter module 8 via the electrical connection device 7.

[0031] In the case of the figure 2BThe panel has been inverted, and the electrodes of the photovoltaic stacks 3, 3' are located under the panel in the shaded area 11 when face 2a of the panel is facing the light and face 1a is facing the shaded area. These stacks are then connected to the regeneration module via the electrical connection device 7. In this case, the perovskite absorber stacks 4, 4' on the light-facing side 11 and the silicon stacks 5, 5' are connected together and linked to the MPPT converter module 8 via the electrical connection device 7.

[0032] To do this, the electrical connection device may include two contact-carrying plates adapted to rotate relative to each other as in a rotary connector or may be an electronic device with electronic switches for example based on IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or MOSFET (metal-oxide gate field-effect transistor) type transistors configured to distribute the electrodes between the MPPT converter module 8 and the regeneration module 9 and controlled by the position of the panel.

[0033] This system therefore allows for self-repair or regeneration sequences of the perovskite absorber stacks located under the panel during the day while the panel supplies electricity by means of the multi-junction cells formed by the perovskite absorber stacks on the light side on the upper face and the central stacks, for example, with silicon absorbers of the panels.

[0034] To enable the operation of the panels P, P' as explained above, the latter are integrated into a photovoltaic system comprising the said panels mounted in frames equipped with means 12 for turning the panels, the electrical connection devices 7 associated with the panels, preferably one per panel or one per group of assemblies according to a distribution by row or by column of assemblies on the panel, one or more converter modules 8 with MPPT regulation and one or more modules 9 for regeneration of the said perovskite absorbers.

[0035] The converter module(s) are selectively connected to the panel outputs to connect only the active stacks. These converter modules preferably include means for monitoring the irradiance received by the panel and means for monitoring weather data.

[0036] According to this disclosure, the converter modules or associated monitoring modules are equipped with means for monitoring the degradation of perovskite absorbers 31, 41.

[0037] They include control means for said reversing means 12 configured to reverse the panels associated with them in the event of degradation exceeding a defined threshold of those of said photovoltaic stacks 3, 4 with perovskite absorber of the panel positioned on the sunlit side 10 to position them on the shaded side and to position on the sunlit side the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 4, 3 of the panel previously on the shaded side.

[0038] In parallel, during the flips, the connection device 7 of the panels is configured to disconnect those of the said first and third photovoltaic stack positioned on the shaded side of the converter module 8 and to connect them with the regeneration modules 9 associated with the flipped panels.

[0039] For the regeneration of perovskite absorbers related to ion movement and distribution, the regeneration modules include at least one of the following: a device 91 for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber connected to it, a device 92 for opening the electrodes of said photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber connected to it, a device 93 for generating voltage pulses to the photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber connected to it.

[0040] To measure the degradation and regeneration of the stacks, the regeneration module 9 includes means 94 for measuring current / voltage of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks under darkness.

[0041] These devices are used according to the degradation of said stacks to achieve a repositioning of the ions according to determined sequences including for example regeneration modes including short-circuiting the stacks, opening the stacks, generating voltage pulses across the stacks, the system being configured to autonomously assess whether the treatment is effective or switch to another mode.

[0042] It should be noted that during the day the stacks located under the panels are regenerated, while at night the stacks with perovskite absorbers on both sides of the panel are regenerated. To do this, the connector device can, as shown in figure 4 , include two additional switch groups 71, 72 controlled by the converter module and the day / night detection means for example from the weather monitoring means, these additional switch groups 71, 72 allowing the entire stack of perovskite absorbers to be connected to the regeneration device 9 and to be disconnected from the converter module 8.

[0043] A method for controlling a photovoltaic system as described in figure 3 may include, in particular, a sequence of: one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at the level of said at least one panel, and measurements of meteorological data; a day / night situation detection; if night is detected: one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes for said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel; if day is detected: one or more sequences including the regeneration of the shaded side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the expected performance of the sunlight-facing perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacksthe measurement of the degradation of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side relative to said expected performance and the estimation of the regeneration rate of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shaded side of said panel relative to said expected performance in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of photovoltaic stacks with absorbers on the shaded side than a performance of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side after degradation 130 and a detection 140 such that, if the regeneration of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shaded side corresponds to a higher performance than a performance of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side after degradation,a 150° rotation of said panel by control of said rotation means 12; if the regeneration of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shaded side remains lower than the performance of the degraded perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the sunlight side, the panel will be maintained in its position.

[0044] Estimating the regeneration rate of photovoltaic stacks with a perovskite absorber on the shaded side of said panel involves current / voltage measurements in the shade.

[0045] The regeneration steps include at least one of the following operations: one or more applications of voltage pulses across the terminals of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, one or more short circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks and, one or more open circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks.

[0046] This sequence is repeated in particular during the operation of said panels and the life of the system.

[0047] The invention is not limited to the examples described above, which are given only by way of illustration, but encompasses all the variations that a person skilled in the art could envision within the scope of the protection sought. In particular, the converter module, connector device, and regeneration module can be separate elements or grouped together in a controller device, either partially or entirely, and the method can be integrated into a method for managing a photovoltaic panel array or groups of panels.

Claims

1. - Multi-junction photovoltaic cell comprising a photovoltaic assembly comprising, from a first face (1) of the assembly to a second face (2) of the assembly: - a first electrode (c1) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (32a) to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (33a) of a first photovoltaic stack (3), - the first photovoltaic stack (3), - a second electrode (c2) for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer (32b) to at least a second selective charge extraction layer (33b) of said first photovoltaic stack, - a first transparent insulating layer (61), - a third electrode (c3) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (52a) to at least a second selective charge extraction layer (53a) of a second photovoltaic stack (5), - the second photovoltaic stack (5), - a fourth electrode (c4) for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer (52b) to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (53b) of said second photovoltaic stack, - a second transparent insulating layer (62), - a fifth electrode (c5) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (42a) to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (43a) of a third photovoltaic stack (4), - the third photovoltaic stack (4), - a sixth electrode (c6) for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer (42b) to at least a second selective charge extraction layer (43b) of said third photovoltaic stack, wherein: - the first photovoltaic stack (3) and the third photovoltaic stack (4) are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber (31, 41), - the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack in which the absorber (51) material has a lower band gap than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, in particular an absorber material that is silicon, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber, or some other material, - said electrodes (c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6) connecting said transparent electrical contact layers (32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b) are independent of each other.

2. - Photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and third photovoltaic stack each comprises: - one or more first protection and passivation layers (34a, 44a) for said absorbers, between said first selective charge extraction layers (33a, 43a) and said perovskite absorber, - said perovskite absorber (31, 41), - one or more second protection and passivation layers (34b, 44b) for said absorbers, between said one or more second selective charge extraction layers (43a, 43b) and said perovskite absorber.

3. - Photovoltaic device comprising a solar panel (P) provided with cells according to claim 1 or 2 and further comprising an electrical connection device (7) adapted to connect the first electrode (c1) and the fifth electrode (c5) to the third electrode (c3) of said assemblies on the one hand and adapted to connect the second electrode (c2) and the sixth electrode (c6) to the fourth electrode (c4) of said assemblies and create a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device (7) being adapted to selectively disconnect the electrodes (c1, c2) of the first stack of said assemblies or the electrodes (c5, c6) of the third stack from the electrodes (c3, c4) of the second stack of said assemblies.

4. - Photovoltaic device according to claim 3, wherein, when a first face (1a) of the panel (P) is arranged on the sunlight side and a second face (2a) of the panel (P) is arranged on the shadow side, the electrical connection device (7) is configured to connect the first photovoltaic stacks (3) and the second photovoltaic stacks (5) in order to form a first current / voltage generator, and to disconnect the third photovoltaic stacks (4) from the first and second photovoltaic stacks in order to place said third photovoltaic stacks in a self-repair mode; and wherein, when the second face (2a) of the panel (P) is arranged on the sunlight side (10) and the first face (1a) of said panel (P) on the shadow side (11), the electrical connection device (7) is configured to connect the third photovoltaic stacks (4) and the second photovoltaic stacks (5) in order to form a second current / voltage generator, and to disconnect the first photovoltaic stacks (3) from the second and third photovoltaic stacks in order to place the first photovoltaic stacks in a self-repair mode.

5. - Photovoltaic system comprising at least: - a photovoltaic device according to claim 3 or 4, - a frame provided with turning means (12) for turning the panel (P), - a converter module (8) with MPPT regulation, and - a regeneration module (9) for regenerating said perovskite absorbers, wherein the converter module (8) comprises means for monitoring the irradiance detected by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers (31, 41) and means for controlling said turning means (12) which are configured to turn said panel over in the event of a degradation exceeding a defined threshold in those among said first or third photovoltaic stacks (3, 4) with perovskite absorber that are positioned on the sunlight side (10) in order to position them on the shadow side and to position the others among said first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber (4, 3) on the sunlight side, the connection device (7) being configured to disconnect those among said first and third photovoltaic stacks that are positioned on the shadow side of the converter module (8) and to connect it to the regeneration module (9).

6. - Photovoltaic system according to claim 5, wherein the regeneration module (9) comprises at least one of: - a device (91) for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with perovskite absorber that is connected to it, - a device (92) for open-circuiting the electrodes of said photovoltaic stack with perovskite absorber that is connected to it, - a device (93) for generating voltage pulses towards the photovoltaic stack with perovskite absorber that is connected to it, and comprises means (94) for measuring the current / voltage, in darkness, of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber that are connected to it.

7. - Method for controlling a photovoltaic system according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a sequence of: - one or more measurements of the detected irradiance and the temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data; - a detection (110) of whether it is a day or night situation; a. if night is detected: i. one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks, and implementation of regeneration processes for said first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber of said panel (160); b. if day is detected: i. one or more sequences comprising: regeneration (120) of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber; estimation of the expected performances of the sunlight-side absorber photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber; measurement of the degradation of the sunlight-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber relative to said expected performances; and estimation of the regeneration rate of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber of said panel relative to said expected performances in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with absorber than the performance of the sunlight-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber after degradation (130); and a detection (140) such that: ii. if the regeneration of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber corresponds to a higher performance than the performance of the sunlight-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber after degradation, said panel is turned over (150) by controlling said turning means (12); iii. if the regeneration of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber remains lower than the performance of the degraded sunlight-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, the panel is maintained in its position.

8. - Method for controlling panels according to claim 7, wherein the estimation of the regeneration rate of the shadow-side photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber of said panel comprises current / voltage measurements in shadow / in darkness.

9. - Method for controlling panels according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the regeneration steps comprise at least one of the following operations: - one or more applications of voltage pulses across the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, - short-circuiting said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, one or more times, and - open-circuiting said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, one or more times.

10. - Method for controlling panels according to claim 7, 8, or 9, wherein said sequence is repeated throughout the operation of said panels.

11. - Photovoltaic system according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a processor associated with a program memory containing a program provided with instructions for implementing the method of any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. - Computer-readable non-transitory storage medium on which the program of claim 11 is stored.