Building section and method for thermal decoupling of concreted sections of buildings

Abstract

In the case of a load-bearing, vertical building element made of concrete, in particular a column, with an upper bearing surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building element to be constructed above it, in particular a floor slab, in which the vertical building element has reinforcement with one or more reinforcing bars extending substantially vertically beyond the upper bearing surface, the invention provides that an upper area of ​​the vertical building element adjacent to the upper bearing surface is designed as a thermal insulation element for thermal decoupling between the vertical building element and the horizontal building element to be constructed above it, and that the upper area forming the thermal insulation element consists at least partially of a compressive force-transmitting and thermally insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete.and that the reinforcing bars extending beyond the upper bearing surface are made of a fiber composite material and extend essentially vertically through the upper area of ​​the vertical building section, which forms the thermal insulation element, into a lower area of ​​the vertical building section below, in which it is constructed of reinforced concrete.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a load-bearing, vertical building component made of concrete, in particular a column, having a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building component to be constructed of concrete above or below it, in particular a floor slab or a floor slab, as well as a method for constructing such a building component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal insulation element for thermal decoupling between load-bearing building components to be constructed of concrete, preferably between a vertical building component, in particular a column, and a horizontal building component located above or below it, in particular a floor slab or a floor slab.

[0002] In building construction, load-bearing building components are often constructed from reinforced concrete structures. For energy-saving reasons, such building components are generally provided with externally applied thermal insulation. In particular, the floor slab between the basement level, such as a basement or underground garage, and the ground floor is often equipped with ceiling-mounted thermal insulation on the basement level side. This presents the difficulty that the load-bearing building components on which the building rests, such as columns and exterior walls, must be connected in a load-bearing manner to the building components above, particularly the floor slab. This is usually achieved by connecting the floor slab monolithically to the load-bearing columns and exterior walls with continuous reinforcement.However, this creates thermal bridges that are difficult to eliminate with retrofitted external thermal insulation. In underground garages, for example, the upper section of the load-bearing concrete columns facing the floor ceiling is often also encased in thermal insulation. This is not only complex and visually unappealing, but also leads to unsatisfactory structural results and reduces the available parking space in the underground garage.

[0003] DE 101 06 222 describes a brick-shaped wall element for thermal decoupling between wall sections and floor or ceiling sections. The thermal insulation element has a pressure-resistant supporting structure with insulating elements arranged in the gaps. The supporting structure can be made of lightweight concrete, for example. Such a thermal insulation element is used to thermally insulate masonry exterior walls, for example, by being used like a conventional brick as the first layer of the load-bearing exterior wall above the basement ceiling.

[0004] EP 2 405 065 discloses a compressive force-transmitting and insulating connecting element used for the vertical, load-bearing connection of building elements to be constructed from concrete. It consists of an insulating body with one or more embedded compression elements. Shear reinforcement elements extend through the compression elements and extend essentially vertically beyond the top and bottom of the insulating body for connection to the building elements to be constructed from concrete. The insulating body can be made of foam glass or expanded polystyrene foam, for example, and the compression elements can be made of concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, or fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0005] The approach advocated here for vertical thermal decoupling of concrete building elements thus involves reducing the contact area between the building elements to reduce heat transfer. However, if the force applied to slab structures, such as a floor slab, is concentrated over a reduced area, the risk of the slab structure breaking at the point of force application, known as punching, increases.

[0006] In a concrete floor slab, the load resting on it can also cause slight settlement and / or elastic deformation. This leads to a redistribution of forces at the support points where the floor slab is supported by the vertical building elements below. Such support rotation can lead to overloading of the compression element. If multiple compression elements are used in a single column and one of them fails and breaks, the load is distributed among the neighboring compression elements, which would then also be overloaded. This can lead to a chain reaction with fatal consequences for the structural stability of the building.

[0007] One object of the invention is therefore to provide a load-bearing vertical building part made of concrete, in particular a column, with a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part to be made of concrete above or below, in particular a floor slab, as well as a corresponding method for constructing such a building part, which on the one hand reduces the heat transfer between the building parts and on the other hand reduces the risk of local overloading at the support points.

[0008] The problem is solved with regard to the building part by the features of claim 1 and with regard to the method by the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

[0009] In a load-bearing, vertical building part made of concrete, in particular a column, with a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part to be made of concrete above or below, in particular a floor slab, in which the vertical building part has reinforcement with one or more rod-shaped reinforcement means, in particular reinforcing bars, extending substantially vertically beyond the first support surface, the object is achieved according to the invention in that an area of ​​the vertical building part adjacent to the first support surface is designed as a thermal insulation element for thermal decoupling between the vertical building part and the horizontal building part to be constructed above or below, in that the area forming the thermal insulation element is made of lightweight concrete, which is compressive force-transmitting and thermally insulating,and that the reinforcing bars extending beyond the upper support surface consist of a fiber composite material and extend essentially vertically through the first region of the vertical building part forming the thermal insulation element into an adjoining second region of the vertical building part, in which the latter is constructed of reinforced normal concrete.

[0010] The thermal insulation element is thus made of lightweight concrete, which transmits compressive force and provides thermal insulation. Lightweight concrete can be used to produce highly compressive-resistant preformed elements with low specific thermal conductivity. Depending on the structural requirements, such a lightweight concrete component can additionally include hollow chambers or enclosed insulating bodies. The height of the thermal insulation element preferably corresponds approximately to the thickness of a typical thermal insulation layer, i.e., approximately 5 to 20 cm, preferably 10 to 15 cm.

[0011] According to current regulations, lightweight concrete is defined as concrete with a maximum dry bulk density of 2000 kg / m³. The low density compared to standard concrete is achieved through appropriate manufacturing processes and different lightweight concrete aggregates, preferably grains with porosity such as expanded clay. Depending on its composition, lightweight concrete has a thermal conductivity between 0.2 and 1.6 W / (m³ K).

[0012] By using a solid or hollow-block thermal insulation element made of lightweight concrete, a significantly larger support surface is available with the same or lower heat loss than would be the case with high-compression-resistant compression elements. Unlike conventional compression elements, the larger-area load transfer eliminates the risk of settlement or elastic deformation in the building section above, or minor weak points in the connection to the building section below, for example, due to shrinkage cavities or sedimentation, leading to local overloading and thus failure of the thermal insulation element.

[0013] The improved and more secure connection of the concrete building elements is achieved primarily by the fact that, for the same strength class, the elastic modulus of lightweight concrete is only approximately 30 to 70% of that of standard concrete. Therefore, the elastic deformations under the same stress (stress) are on average 1.5 to 3 times greater. For this reason, the thermal insulation element made of lightweight concrete simultaneously acts as a stress-damping element, capable of compensating for minor settlements and elastic deformations of the building element above, and ensuring a more even distribution and force introduction of off-center bearing forces on or into the building element below.

[0014] The significantly lower modulus of elasticity of the lightweight concrete used is particularly beneficial in cases of load eccentricity and support rotation, which result in increased edge pressures. Due to its elastic properties, the thermal insulation element acts as a "centering element." In contrast, compression under centric loading is of secondary importance.

[0015] The typical elastic modulus of normal concrete, as used for a column, is approximately E cm ≈30,000 to 40,000 N / mm 2 . In contrast, the elastic modulus of the lightweight concrete preferred within the scope of the invention is between approximately 9,000 and 22,000 N / mm 2 , preferably between 12,000 and 16,000 N / mm 2 , most preferably approximately 14,000 N / mm 2 .

[0016] While in conventional vertically arranged reinforced concrete components with a reinforcement content of 3-4% the steel reinforcement contributes about half to the total thermal conductivity of the building component, the inventive combination of lightweight concrete with reinforcement made of a fiber composite material in the area of ​​the thermal insulation element reduces the heat transfer by about 90%.

[0017] The aforementioned upper area of ​​the vertical building section therefore not only acts as a thermal insulation element from a building physics perspective and as a load-bearing component from a static perspective, but also as a stress-damping element to compensate for mechanical deformations. It makes no difference whether the thermal insulation element is delivered to the construction site as a precast lightweight concrete component, installed there in the formwork for the vertical building section, and the latter is concreted from below against the lower contact surface of the thermal insulation element, or whether the thermal insulation element is constructed on site from special, lightweight in-situ concrete in the formwork of the vertical building section.

[0018] The invention further relates to a method for constructing a vertical building component from concrete, in particular a column, with a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building component to be constructed from concrete above or below, in particular a floor slab. A first region of the vertical building component is constructed from reinforced standard concrete. A second region of the vertical building component, located between the first support surface and the first region of the vertical building component, is formed from lightweight concrete, which transmits compressive force and is thermally insulating, in order to serve as a thermal insulation element for thermal decoupling between the vertical building component and the horizontal building component to be constructed above or below.In addition, rod-shaped reinforcement means, in particular reinforcing bars, made of a fiber composite material are installed in the second region of the vertical building part forming the thermal insulation element, which extend essentially vertically through the second region of the vertical building part into the adjacent first region and beyond the first support surface.

[0019] According to the invention, the thermal insulation element can be constructed on-site from cast-in-place concrete. For this purpose, reinforcement and formwork arranged around the reinforcement are first constructed for the first, lower section of the vertical building section. Fiber composite reinforcing bars are inserted into an upper section of the formwork, which corresponds to the second section of the vertical building section. Fresh standard concrete is poured into the formwork up to the height of the first section of the vertical building section. The second section of the vertical building section is then created by pouring fresh lightweight concrete into the upper section of the formwork.

[0020] The reinforcing bars in the upper section can be inserted into the lower section of the formwork before the in-situ concrete is poured into the lower section and connected to the reinforcement in the lower section. Alternatively, the reinforcing bars can be pressed into the freshly cast in-situ concrete after the in-situ concrete has been poured and compacted into the lower section of the formwork. The fresh lightweight concrete can be waited until the in-situ concrete in the lower section of the formwork has set before pouring it. With proper surface treatment, the lightweight concrete can be installed even after the in-situ concrete has fully hardened.

[0021] For the purposes of the present invention, a horizontal building component, such as a floor slab, should also be understood to include one in which an offset is provided adjacent to the vertical building component, such as a column. For example, a column can be constructed to just below the floor slab above. The formwork for the floor slab can then be connected to the formwork still attached to the column, and this formwork can be constructed from in-situ concrete, so that any remaining small free space above the column within its formwork is also filled with in-situ concrete from the floor slab, forming an offset.

[0022] Further features, advantages, and characteristics of the present invention are explained below with reference to the figures and exemplary embodiments. Herein: Fig. 1 shows a section through a column made of concrete and the building parts above and below it, Fig. 2 shows an isometric view of a thermal insulation element according to the invention made of a compressive force-transmitting material, in particular lightweight concrete, Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the thermal insulation element made of Fig. 2 , Fig. 4 a vertical section through the thermal insulation element along the section line CC Fig. 3 , Fig. 5a further development of the thermal insulation element from Fig. 2 in a side view, Fig. 6 a cross section through the support from Figure 1 , Fig. 7the reinforcement of the column from Figure 1 with the thermal insulation element before filling the formwork of the column with in-situ concrete, Fig. 8the column provided with formwork after filling with concrete, Fig. 9an enlarged section of Figure 8 and Fig. 10 an alternative embodiment with a thermal insulation element arranged in the base area of ​​a support.

[0023] In a first, in Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, a column 1 is provided which is monolithically connected to a floor slab 2 and a floor slab 3. The upper region 4 of the column is made of lightweight concrete, while the lower region 1' is made of normal in-situ concrete (standard concrete). The column 1 can, for example, have a clear height of 220 cm. The upper region accounts for 10 cm of this. A thermal insulation layer 5 made of a highly insulating material is applied below the floor slab, the thickness of which essentially corresponds at least to the height of the upper region 4 of the column 1. Mineral insulation boards or wood wool multi-layer boards, for example, can be installed as the thermal insulation layer 6.

[0024] To Figure 1To construct the building parts shown, the floor slab 2 is first concreted with a reinforcement 2' in a manner known per se. To connect the column 1 to the floor slab, reinforcing bars 2" project vertically upwards from the horizontal reinforcement 2' of the floor slab 2. A reinforcement 6 made of structural steel arranged inside the column 1 is then connected to these. The reinforcement 6 comprises four vertical reinforcing bars 6' and a plurality of reinforcement stirrups 6" arranged at a distance in the vertical direction and having an approximately square footprint. In the upper area 4, instead of reinforcement bars 6' made of structural steel, four reinforcement bars 7 made of a fiber composite material, such as the fiber composite material marketed by the applicant under the name Com-BAR(R), are used. In the upper area 4, the reinforcement bars 7 are surrounded by reinforcement arranged at right angles to them, for example a reinforcement stirrup 7' made of stainless steel.The reinforcement bars 7 extend beyond the upper section 4 of the column to enable a monolithic connection to the floor slab 3 to be constructed later above it. Furthermore, the reinforcement bars 7 also extend from the upper section 4 of the column, which serves as a thermal insulation element, into the lower section 1' made of normal concrete.

[0025] A formwork closed on all sides is then placed around the reinforcement 6 (see Fig. 8) for the column 1. In-situ concrete is then poured into this up to the height of the lower section 1', i.e. in the example embodiment approximately 210 cm high. The in-situ concrete, a typical ready-to-use normal concrete, is then compacted with an internal vibrator. Once the in-situ concrete has set, fresh lightweight concrete is poured into the existing formwork in the upper section 4 above it and also compacted. As soon as this has set, the construction of the floor slab 3 can continue in a manner known per se, with its reinforcement 3' being cast in the in-situ concrete of the floor slab using the reinforcing bars 7 made of fiber composite material that project beyond the upper contact surface of the column 1.

[0026] As an alternative to constructing the upper section 4 of column 1, which serves as a thermal insulation element, from a special, lightweight in-situ concrete, a prefabricated prefabricated component can also be installed into the formwork of the column as a thermal insulation element. In this case, the formwork of the column is either filled with in-situ concrete through an opening in the prefabricated component, or the formwork is first filled with in-situ concrete up to the height of the lower section 1' and the prefabricated component is then inserted into the formwork from above and pressed against the still fresh in-situ concrete of column 1. In this case, it is advisable to insert an internal vibrator through a central opening in the prefabricated component in order to further compact the in-situ concrete in the connection area to the prefabricated component.

[0027] In the Figures 2 to 41 shows a corresponding thermal insulation element 10 comprising such a molded part. It is used for the monolithic connection and load-bearing connection of a concrete column 1, for example in the basement of a building, to the basement ceiling 3 above. The thermal insulation element 10 has a cuboid-shaped base element 11 with an upper side 12 and a lower side 13, which each serve as a support surface for the basement ceiling and the end of the column 1 supporting it. In the center of the cuboid-shaped thermal insulation element 10 there is a central through-opening 14, which extends from the upper side 12 to the underside 13 of the thermal insulation element 11. Four reinforcing bars 15 made of a fiber composite material protrude through the base body 11. The underside 13 of the base body 11 has a three-dimensional profile in the form of a recess 16 extending in a funnel shape in the direction of the through-opening 14.Also embedded inside the base body 11 is a reinforcement stirrup 17 which is located around the reinforcement bars 15 and gives the thermal insulation element 10 additional stability.

[0028] The base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 consists of a lightweight concrete, which, on the one hand, exhibits high compressive stability and, on the other hand, good thermal insulation properties. Compared to concrete with a thermal conductivity of approximately 1.6 W / (m·K), the thermal conductivity when using a suitable lightweight concrete material is in the range of approximately 0.5 W / (m·K), which corresponds to an improvement of approximately 70%. The lightweight concrete used essentially consists of expanded clay, fine sand, preferably lightweight sand, superplasticizers, and stabilizers, which prevent segregation due to floating of the grain and improve workability.

[0029] The compressive strength of the thermal insulation element is sufficiently high to allow the structurally planned utilization of the underlying in-situ concrete column, for example, corresponding to compressive strength class C25 / 30. However, the compressive strength of the thermal insulation element should preferably be at least 1.5 times the structurally required value. This ensures that safety reserves are available even in the event of any surface defects at the connection surface between the thermal insulation element and the column, ensuring that the thermal insulation element remains structurally stable even under higher localized loads.

[0030] The reinforcement bars 15, which extend vertically through the base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10, serve primarily as tension bars to transmit any tensile forces that may occur. The reinforcement bars 15 can be concreted into the lightweight concrete material of the cuboid base body 11 during the manufacture of the thermal insulation element 10. Alternatively, to simplify the manufacture of the thermal insulation element, it is possible to install sleeves as a type of lost circuit during production, through which the reinforcement bars 15 are inserted after the lightweight concrete element 11 has hardened.

[0031] In the exemplary embodiment, the reinforcing bars 15 themselves are made of a fiber composite material consisting of glass fibers aligned in the direction of force and a synthetic resin matrix. Such a glass fiber reinforcing bar has extremely low thermal conductivity, up to 100 times lower than that of reinforcing steel, and is thus ideally suited for use in the thermal insulation element. Alternatively, however, the use of reinforcing bars made of stainless steel is also possible and encompassed within the scope of the present invention, particularly in the aforementioned use of sleeves as permanent formwork.

[0032] The dimensions of the reinforcement bars 15 in the exemplary embodiment are 16 mm in diameter and 930 mm long, without limiting the invention to this. The arrangement of the reinforcement bars 15 relative to the base area of ​​the base body 11 is chosen slightly outside the main diagonal. This is because the reinforcement bars 6' of the support 1, into which the reinforcement bars 15 of the thermal insulation element 10 are installed, are already located in the corners of the support 1.

[0033] The reinforcement bar 17 is made of stainless steel, bent into a ring and welded at the joint. The reinforcement bar 17 has a diameter of approximately 200 mm and a material thickness of 8 to 10 mm.

[0034] In the illustrated example, the base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 has an edge length of 250 x 250 mm. The height is 100 mm and thus corresponds to the usual thickness of a subsequently applied thermal insulation layer. The through opening runs, as is particularly evident in Fig. 4 As can be seen, the through-opening 14 is slightly conical, tapering from an upper dimension of 70 mm to a lower dimension of 65 mm. The through-opening can be closed by means of a corresponding, also slightly conical plug (not shown).

[0035] Fig. 5shows the thermal insulation element in a side view, with additional circumferential seals 18 attached to the base body 11. The seals 18 can be designed, for example, as rubber lips or conventional sealing strips. They serve to seal the base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 tightly against a formwork for the column to be constructed underneath, in order to prevent concrete from rising or air from penetrating.

[0036] Fig. 6shows the installation situation of the thermal insulation element in relation to a column 1. The cross-section shown runs below the base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10. The column 1, made of in-situ concrete, has a reinforcement with four vertical reinforcement bars 6' arranged in the corners of the column 1 and a plurality of approximately square reinforcement stirrups 6" running horizontally around the reinforcement bars 6'. The reinforcement bars 15 of the thermal insulation element 10 are each slightly offset next to one of the reinforcement bars 6' of the column 1. Fig. 6 The section line BB shown corresponds to the section line of the Fig. 7 shown longitudinal section through the column reinforcement.

[0037] In Fig. 7 The reinforcement of column 1 together with the thermal insulation element 10 is shown in a longitudinal section. The section corresponds to the section line BB from Fig. 6The reinforcement of column 1 consists of four vertical reinforcement bars 6' arranged in the corners of the column, which can be made of structural steel with a bar diameter of 28 mm and a length of 2000 mm, for example, as well as a plurality of reinforcement stirrups 6" with an approximately square base that run horizontally around the reinforcement bars 6'. Above the column reinforcement is the thermal insulation element 10, the reinforcement bars 15 of which project downwards into the column reinforcement.

[0038] The reinforcement content of column 1 is approximately 3-4%. With a typical thermal conductivity of structural steel of approximately 50 W / (m·K) compared to concrete at 1.6 W / (m·K), it contributes approximately half of the column's total thermal conductivity. By using a combination of lightweight concrete and glass fiber reinforcement in the area of ​​thermal insulation element 10, heat transfer between column 1 and floor slab 3 can be reduced by approximately 90% compared to a direct monolithic connection.

[0039] To create support 1, as shown in Figure 8shown in the upper half, a formwork 19 is constructed around the column reinforcement 6', 6" and the lower area 1' is filled with in-situ concrete. This is compacted in the conventional manner using an internal vibrator. The thermal insulation element 10 is then inserted into the formwork 19 from above and its reinforcing bars 15 are pressed into the still liquid in-situ concrete. The base body 11 is pressed against the fresh in-situ concrete until the liquid concrete rises slightly in the through-opening 14, ensuring that there is no longer an air gap between the concrete of the column 1 and the base body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10. The vibrator of a concrete vibrator is then passed through the through-opening 14 into the fresh in-situ concrete below in order to further compact it. When the vibrator is inserted, the thermal insulation element 10 can be slightly raised by the volume of concrete displaced by the vibrator.When withdrawing the vibrator, care is taken to ensure that the thermal insulation element 10 sinks back down by this volume by pressing it down accordingly when the vibrator is withdrawn. The circumferential seal 18 prevents air from penetrating between the formwork and the thermal insulation element or the thermal insulation element 10 from tipping over in the formwork. Figure 9 the section designated as Detail D is shown enlarged again around one of the seals 18.

[0040] The subsequent compaction of the still-liquid fresh concrete through the through-hole 14 of the thermal insulation element 10 results in a close bond between the thermal insulation element 10 and the in-situ concrete below. In particular, hollow spots due to shrinkage cavities or sedimentation in the fresh concrete between the thermal insulation element 10 and the column 1 are prevented. This is primarily due to the conical profile on the underside of the base body 11, which causes rising air bubbles or cement water separated on the surface to collect primarily in the central area of ​​the through-hole 14.

[0041] After the column has been concreted and compacted through the through-opening 14, any remaining concrete residue is removed. The through-opening 14 is then sealed using a conical plug (not shown). The sealing plug can be made of an insulating material such as polystyrene or similar and serves to prevent in-situ concrete from penetrating the through-opening 14 when the floor slab 3 is subsequently constructed. This prevents any thermal bridges caused by a concrete filling in the through-opening 14. The floor slab 3 above is then constructed above the thermal insulation element 10 in the usual manner.

[0042] In addition to compacting or recompacting, the through-opening 14 can also be used as a filling opening for filling the formwork for column 1 with in-situ concrete. In this case, the thermal insulation element is inserted into the still empty formwork of column 1 and, if necessary, the reinforcing bars 15 are connected to the column reinforcement. Fresh concrete is then poured into the formwork through the through-opening 14 of the thermal insulation element and then compacted by inserting a vibrator cylinder of an internal vibrator through the through-opening 14. Here, too, the fresh concrete is compacted against the underside of the thermal insulation element from above through the through-opening 14. Alternatively, column 1 can also be constructed from self-compacting concrete, or the column 1 can be compacted using an external vibrator. In the latter two cases, the through-opening 14 therefore serves merely as a filling opening.

[0043] In addition to installation in the upper area of ​​a column, installation in the base area of ​​a column is also conceivable. Such an arrangement is shown in an alternative embodiment in Figure 10 shown. The column 1 is arranged here between the floor slab 2 and the upper floor slab 3. A thermal insulation element 10 according to the invention is installed in the base area of ​​the column 1, the reinforcing bars 15 of which extend from the floor slab 2 into the upper area of ​​the column 1 and are connected there to the reinforcement 6 of the column 1. A thermal insulation layer 5 made of insulation panels of a known type is applied to the upper side of the floor slab 2 in this case.

[0044] Production can be achieved by connecting the thermal insulation element 10 to the reinforcement 2' of the base slab 2 before concreting it. The base slab 2 is then cast from in-situ concrete so that the concrete rises from below against the thermal insulation element 10. To achieve a good and gap-free connection, the in-situ concrete can be compacted with a vibrating tool through the central opening. After curing, the reinforcement 6 of the column is created and connected to the reinforcing bars 15 of the thermal insulation element. The formwork for the column 1 is then constructed around the thermal insulation element 10, and the column 1 is then cast and compacted from in-situ concrete in the conventional manner.

[0045] The thermal insulation element according to the invention itself can be adapted in its dimensions to the component located below and / or above it. In particular, thermal insulation elements can be adapted to the typical cross-sections of columns with a round, square, or rectangular footprint. Typical dimensions for round columns are 24 and 30 cm in diameter, and for columns with a rectangular footprint, 25 x 25 cm and 30 x 30 cm. Thermal insulation elements with this geometry can also be combined as desired to create larger columns or retaining walls.

[0046] The thermal insulation elements described here are particularly suitable for use with cantilever columns and wall columns with low clamping moments. They can also be used in load-bearing exterior walls by installing the thermal insulation elements at a suitable distance from each other and filling any remaining gaps between the individual thermal insulation elements with non-load-bearing insulation material.

[0047] In addition to the conical shape shown here, the geometric design of the profiled underside of the thermal insulation element can also be realized in a variety of other ways, for example in a stepped shape, a radial toothing, an annular bead and much more.

[0048] In addition to optimizing the geometry of the underside of the thermal insulation element, smaller openings can also be provided, or alternatively, for the subsequent grouting of any remaining cavities between the thermal insulation element and the concrete surface below. Such openings can be closed using blind plugs and opened as needed to subsequently fill any remaining cavity with a grouting compound such as a grouting mortar or a synthetic resin compound, thus creating a secure static connection, even if, in individual cases, faulty workmanship during the construction of the support or the installation of the thermal insulation element led to a defective connection. In addition, indicators can be provided on the thermal insulation element that can be pushed upwards like a float, indicating that the thermal insulation element is in contact with the in-situ concrete below on its underside.

[0049] When installing the thermal insulation element into the already compacted, fresh concrete of the column below, during subsequent recompaction and when pulling the compaction tool out of the through opening of the thermal insulation element, it may be advantageous if a defined pressure force is exerted on the thermal insulation element.

[0050] In addition to reinforcing bars, other rod-shaped reinforcement means can also be used within the scope of the present invention to connect the thermal insulation element to the building parts above and below it, for example threaded rods, dowels or the like, since, as explained above, the connection between a column and a floor slab above it can be regarded statically as a hinged connection and the reinforcement at this point must therefore preferably fulfil a constructive function.

Claims

1. Load-bearing, vertical building part, made of concrete, with a first support surface (12, 13) for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part, to be made of concrete, there above or there below, in particular a floor ceiling or a floor slab (2, 3), wherein the vertical building part has a reinforcement (6, 7) with one or more rod-shaped reinforcement means, in particular reinforcing bars (7, 15), extending substantially vertically beyond the first support surface (12, 13), characterized in that a first region (1') of the vertical building part (1) is made of reinforced normal concrete, that a second region (4) of the vertical building part, located between the first support surface (12, 13) and the first region (1'), is made of lightweight concrete for thermal decoupling between the vertical building part and the horizontal building part to be constructed above or below it, and that the reinforcement means (7', 15) extending beyond the first support surface (12, 13) extend through the heat-insulating second region (4) of the vertical building part essentially vertically into the first region (1').

2. The building part according to claim 1, which is a support (1).

3. The building part according to claim 1, which is a load-bearing wall, in particular an external wall.

4. The building part according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the rod-shaped reinforcement means consist of a fiber composite material.

5. The building part according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the rod-shaped reinforcement means consist of stainless steel.

6. The building part according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reinforcement in the first region (1') of the vertical building part (1) consists of structural steel.

7. The building part according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first region is obtained by filling a formwork with fresh normal concrete and the second region is obtained by subsequently filling the formwork with fresh lightweight concrete.

8. Method for constructing a vertical building part made of concrete, with a first support surface (12, 13) for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part to be constructed above or below made of concrete, in particular a floor slab (3), in which: - a first region (1') of the vertical building part (1) is constructed from reinforced normal concrete, - a second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) located between the first support surface (12) and the first region (1') is formed from lightweight concrete for thermal decoupling between the vertical building part (1) and the horizontal building part (3) to be constructed above or below it, and - in the heat-insulating second region (4) of the vertical building part, rod-shaped reinforcement means are installed, which extend through the second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) essentially vertically into the adjacent first region (1') and beyond the first support surface (12).

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein - for the first region (1') of the vertical part of the building, a reinforcement (6) and a formwork arranged around the reinforcement (6) are created, - fresh normal concrete is poured into the formwork up to the height of the first region (1') of the vertical building part (1), - in a first region of the formwork, which corresponds to the second region (4) of the vertical building part (1), reinforcing bars (7) made of fiber composite material are used, and - subsequently, the second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) is created by pouring fresh lightweight concrete into the first region of the formwork.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the filling of the lightweight concrete into the formwork is delayed until the in-situ concrete in the lower formwork region has hardened.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the filling of the lightweight concrete into the formwork is delayed until the in-situ concrete in the lower formwork region has completely hardened.

Images