Cambering device for profiled sail

Abstract

Disclosed is a cambering device (1) for a profiled sail (V) comprising: - an elastically deformable semi-rigid structure (2), comprising: -- two length sections, extending one in front of the other, respectively forming a first length section (20) secured to a first surface of the profiled sail and a second length section (21) secured to a second surface of the profiled sail (V), -- a U-shaped connecting section (22), connecting the two length sections together, ending at the trailing edge of the sail with two free ends (23,24), - a spacing system (3) configured to work in compression and tension, in order to maintain a gap between the two length sections (20, 21), - actuating means (4) connecting the two free ends (23, 24) of the semi-rigid structure together.

Description

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a cambering device for a profiled sail, as well as to an assembly (in particular a rigging) comprising a profiled sail and a plurality of cambering devices according to the present disclosure. Domaine technique

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of rigging, and more particularly profiled sails, also called “ voiles ailes » Or " voiles épaisses » by the person skilled in the art, and more particularly the mechanisms, internal to the sail allowing the profile of the sail to be changed Technique antérieure

[0003] Document EP2718179B1 discloses a frame device for a profiled sail, arranged internally to the thick sail and allowing its profile to be modified for navigation.

[0004] Significantly, this device comprises several frame elements adjustable relative to each other, and at least one frame element of which has a first contour assigned to a first surface of the profiled sail and a second contour assigned to a second surface of the profiled sail. The frame device is adjustable, according to at least two operating positions allowing the profile of the sail to be changed for navigation. The different positions of the frame elements are obtained by means of ropes, visible at the figure 4 of document EP2718179B1, each of which allows the device to be moved into one or other of the two operating positions.

[0005] According to the inventor's findings, however, such a rigging has the following disadvantages: significant fragility: the rigid frame elements are internal “hard” elements of the profiled sail which are in themselves fragile, but still likely to damage the sail, particularly during maneuvers; inaccuracy in the control: the control ropes allow remote actuation of the position of the frame elements according to the two operating positions, but undergo a variation in the length of their path during the deformation of the assembly under the pressure of the wind, causing inaccuracy in the control; a risk of entanglement: these control ropes, which extend over the height of the rigging, following the direction of the mast, present a significant risk of entanglement, between themselves, or even with other elements of the rigging, for example when the sail is lowered.

[0006] However, document WO2017 / 202858 A1 (or US2020 / 0189707) discloses a cambering device comprising a semi-rigid, elastically deformable structure including two length sections, extending one in front of the other, respectively forming a first length section integral with a first surface of the profiled sail, and a second length section integral with a second surface of the profiled sail, a U-shaped connecting section, connecting together by extending them the first length section and the second length section at the leading edge of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge of the sail by two free ends, a spacer system, comprising at least one spacer connecting together the first length section and the second length section, configured to work in compression and in tension, to maintain a gap between the two length sections.

[0007] Document WO 2017 / 202858 A1 further discloses actuation means which comprise a control link connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends of the semi-rigid structure, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section, configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, and generating an offset between the two free ends.

[0008] In particular the visible part of the control link, marked 210 on the figure 1 of document WO 2017 / 202858 A1 extends from the U-shaped connecting section at the leading edge of the sail, outside the semi-rigid structure to an external angle transmission of a first force transmission element marked 248, at the free end of the second length section, then to a second force transmission element marked 252 forming an angle transmission, integral with an intermediate portion of the second length section, before extending inside the semi-rigid structure, and connecting a first force transmission element 246 integral with the free end of the first length section.

[0009] According to the inventor's findings, the control link marked 210 is a completely passive component which needs to be tensioned to bend the semi-rigid structure and which therefore extends in its non-visible part downwards to the foot of the mast to an actuator allowing it to be tensioned.

[0010] According to the inventor's findings, such a rigging according to WO 2017 / 202858, although less fragile than that disclosed by document EP2718179B1, still has the following drawbacks: an inaccuracy in the control: the control ropes (in particular the control link) allow remote actuation of the camber of the semi-rigid structure, but undergo a variation in the length of their path during the deformation of the assembly under the pressure of the wind, causing an inaccuracy in the control; a risk of entanglement: these control ropes, which extend over the height of the rigging, following the direction of the mast, present a significant risk of entanglement, between themselves, or even with other elements of the rigging, for example when the sail is lowered. Résumé

[0011] This disclosure improves the situation, in whole or in part.

[0012] A cambering device for profiled sails is proposed, comprising: a semi-rigid, elastically deformable structure, including: -- two length sections, extending one in front of the other, respectively forming a first length section secured to a first surface of the profiled sail, and a second length section secured to a second surface of the profiled sail, -- a U-shaped connecting section, connecting together by extending them the first length section and the second length section at the leading edge of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge of the sail by two free ends, possibly, a spacer system, comprising at least one spacer connecting together the first length section and the second length section, configured to work in compression and in tension, to maintain a gap between the two length sections.

[0013] The cambering device further comprises actuating means connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends of the semi-rigid structure, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section, configured to camber the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, and generating an offset between the two free ends, or alternatively, actuating means connecting together, on the one hand, at least one of the two free ends, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section, configured to camber the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning one of the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, and generating an offset between the two free ends.

[0014] Notably, the actuating means comprise at least one actuator (composant actif) having two longitudinal ends, said actuator being retractable when activated, said at least one actuator extending along one of the two length sections of the semi-rigid structure, first length section or second length section, said actuator being internal to the semi-rigid structure, contained in a plane of the semi-rigid structure.

[0015] Notably and preferably, said flexible actuator is an artificial muscle, contracting when supplied with pressure by a fluid, and releasing when the pressure of the fluid decreases, said artificial muscle having an envelope internally receiving a balloon supplied or discharged from the fluid, the flexible envelope, in particular in the form of a braid, retracting in length when its section increases under the increase of the balloon supplied or fluid, and deploying in length when its section decreases when the balloon is discharged from the fluid.

[0016] Also notably, one of the longitudinal ends of said at least one actuator is connected to one of the two free ends by an internal tendon while the other of the two longitudinal ends of said at least one actuator is connected: either at the anchor point of the U-shaped connecting section, or at the other of the two free ends via an angle transmission secured to the U-shaped connecting section by an external tendon, the flexible external tendon passing outside the semi-rigid structure, and the profiled sail between the angle transmission and respectively said other of the two free ends.

[0017] The actuator(s) active component of the actuation means is (are) advantageously internal to the profiled sail, integrated into the semi-rigid structure, and internal to the semi-rigid structure. The length of the control links (i.e. inner tendon and / or outer tendon) is advantageously reduced compared to the state of the art constituted by document WO 2017 / 202858 A1, resulting in increased precision camber control.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the semi-rigid structure has a profile having a plane of symmetry, in a rest position of the semi-rigid structure, elastic in which the first length section and the second length section each have a convex profile, and in which, in at least one arched position of the semi-rigid structure under the action of the actuating means, said first length section has a concave profile when said second length section has a convex profile, or said second length section has a concave profile when said first length section has a convex profile.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the actuating means are configured to bend the semi-rigid structure, selectively: in a first arched position in which said first length section is of concave profile when said second length section is of convex profile. in a second arched position in which said second length section is of concave profile when said first length section is of convex profile.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the actuating means comprise at least said actuator, extending along one of the two length sections of the structure, first length section (or second length section), connected to the free end of the length section by a flexible tendon, external to the semi-rigid structure, via the angle transmission secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and by the internal tendon which runs along the length section to a guide before connecting the free end of the other length section, second length section (or first length section).

[0021] Said actuator is configured to retract in an active state and pull on the two free ends connected by the outer tendon and the inner tendon, on the one hand, and on the angle transmission of the connecting section, on the other hand, until the offset is created, the free end connected by the inner tendon advancing towards the leading edge relative to the free end connected by the outer tendon, causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the stressed outer tendon moving away from the length section, first length section (or second length section), immediately adjacent to the outer tendon, which then takes a concave profile, and while the other length section, second length section or first length section, takes a convex profile.

[0022] According to one embodiment, said at least one actuator of the actuating means comprises: a first actuator configured to arch the structure into said first arched position, extending along the first length section connected to the free end of the length section by the flexible outer tendon to the semi-rigid structure, via a first angle transmission secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and by the inner tendon which runs along the first length section to a guide secured to said first length section before connecting the free end of said second length section, the first actuator being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the two free ends connected by the outer tendon and the inner tendon, on the one hand, and on the first angle transmission, on the other hand, until the offset is created,the free end connected by the inner tendon advancing towards the leading edge relative to the free end connected by the outer tendon causing the semi-rigid structure to arch, the stressed outer tendon moving away from the first length section which takes a concave profile, the second length section taking a convex profile in said first arched position, a second actuator configured to arch the structure in said second arched position, extending along the second length section connected to the free end of the length section by a tendon, external, flexible to the semi-rigid structure, via a second angle transmission secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and by the inner tendon which runs along the second length section to a guide secured to said second length section before connecting the free end of said first length section,the second actuator being configured to retract and pull on the two free ends connected by the outer tendon and the inner tendon, on the one hand, and on the second angle transmission, on the other hand, until the offset is created, the free end connected by the inner tendon advancing towards the leading edge relative to the free end connected by the outer tendon, causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the stressed outer tendon moving away from the second length section which takes a concave profile, while said first length section takes a convex profile in said second bended position.

[0023] According to this embodiment, the outer tendon extends from said angle transmission (first angle transmission or second angle transmission) outside the semi-rigid structure to said free end.

[0024] Alternatively, the outer tendon extends between the angle gear, first angle gear or second angle gear and in the direction of said free end connected by the outer tendon, outside the semi-rigid structure to a second guide carrying rollers, the second guide secured to the length section of the structure, the outer tendon being located inside the semi-rigid structure between the second guide and said free end.

[0025] Alternatively, according to another embodiment, said at least one actuator of the actuating means comprises: a first actuator for arching the semi-rigid structure into said first arched position, internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the first length section, one of the two longitudinal ends of which is connected to the free end of the second length section by the inner tendon which runs from one of the two longitudinal ends of the first actuator to a guide secured to the first length section, before connecting the free end of the second length section, while the other longitudinal end of the actuator is fixed to a first anchoring point of the U-shaped connecting section, and wherein the first actuator is configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end connected by the inner tendon, on the one hand, and on the first anchoring point on the other hand, until the creation of the offset,the end connected by the inner tendon advancing towards the leading edge relative to the other free end causing the semi-rigid structure to arch, the first length section taking a concave profile, the second length section taking a convex profile in said first arched position, a second actuator for arching the semi-rigid structure in said first arched position, internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the second length section, one of the two longitudinal ends of which is connected to the free end of the first length section by the inner tendon which runs from one of the two longitudinal ends of the second actuator to a guide secured to the second length section, before connecting the free end of the first length section, while the other longitudinal end of the actuator is fixed to a second anchoring point of the U-shaped section,and wherein the second actuator is configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end connected by the inner tendon, on the one hand, and on the second anchor point on the other hand, until the offset is created, the end connected by the inner tendon advancing towards the leading edge relative to the other free end causing the semi-rigid structure to arch, the second length section taking a concave profile, the first length section taking a convex profile in said second arched position.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the cambering device comprises a control means configured to selectively: activating the first actuator while maintaining the second actuator inactive to cause said first cambered position, activating the second actuator while maintaining the first actuator inactive to cause said second cambered position.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the cambering device comprises a flexible connecting system, joining together the first length section and the second length section, in an intermediate position between the two free ends and said spacer system; said flexible connecting system working in tension to maintain a spacing between the two length sections.This flexible link system may comprise two flexible links, including a first flexible link secured by its two ends to the first length section, and a second flexible link secured by its two ends to the second length section, the two flexible links, first flexible link and second flexible link being interlaced at a contact zone between the two flexible links, the contact zone between the two flexible links being configured to slide along the flexible links during the bending and shifting of the free ends; under the effect of the actuating means.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the spacer system may comprise a first spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, as well as a second spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, in a manner parallel to said first spacer.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the or each spacer of the spacer system is pivotally articulated at its ends, respectively to the first length section along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure and to the second length section along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure, the or each spacer being configured to pivot relative to the two length sections, first length section and second length section during the bending and offsetting of the free ends; under the effect of the actuating means.

[0030] For this purpose, the cambering device may comprise articulated connections, comprising a first part secured to the first length section (or to the second length section), and a second part receiving one end of the spacer, the second part being articulated to the first part along a pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure to pivot relative to the two length sections during cambering and shifting of the free ends; under the effect of the actuating means.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the spacer system comprises a telescopic spacer connecting the first length section and the second length section, configured to extend and retract within a limited stroke, work in compression in a retracted position of lesser spread, and work in tension in a spread deployed position.

[0032] The semi-rigid structure comprising the connecting section and the two length sections, including the first length section and the second length section, may be constituted by a single-piece semi-rigid element, held curved for example by the spacer system; and where appropriate, said connecting system, flexible, or even alternatively by one or more flexible elements. The single-piece element may be a rod, or a blade, curved to form the first connecting section, the second connecting section and the U-shaped connecting section.

[0033] According to one embodiment, said cambering device may comprise means for fixing two edges of the profiled sail, at the trailing edge, including for each free end, a first support secured to the free end, having a bearing surface, and a second removably mounted support, and having a counter-bearing surface, as well as clamping means between the first support and the second support configured to pinch a sail edge between the bearing surface and the counter-bearing surface of the first support and second support.

[0034] According to another aspect, there is provided an assembly, for example rigging, comprising a profiled sail and a plurality of cambering devices according to the present disclosure and in which the semi-rigid structure of each cambering device comprises the first length section integral with a first surface of the profiled sail, and the second length section integral with a second surface of the profiled sail, as well as the U-shaped connecting section, connecting together by extending them the first length section and the second length section at the leading edge of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge of the sail by two free ends.

[0035] According to this assembly, the actuating means comprise said at least one actuator, having the two longitudinal ends, said actuator being retractable when activated, said at least one actuator extending along one of the two length sections of the semi-rigid structure, first length section or second length section, said actuator being internal to the semi-rigid structure, contained in a plane of the semi-rigid structure.

[0036] Said flexible actuator may advantageously be said artificial muscle, contracting when supplied with pressure by a fluid, and releasing when the pressure of the fluid decreases, said artificial muscle having an envelope internally receiving a balloon supplied or discharged from the fluid, the flexible envelope, retracting in length when its section increases under the increase of the supplied balloon or fluid, and deploying in length when its section decreases when the balloon is discharged from the fluid.

[0037] According to one embodiment, said profiled sail is carried by a mast extending internally to the semi-rigid structures of the cambering devices, in the interspace between said first length section and said second length section. When the spacer system comprises the first spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, as well as the second spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, in a manner parallel to said first spacer, said mast can extend internally to each semi-rigid structure at the level of the interspace defined between the first spacer and the second spacer of the spacer system.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment of the assembly, the cambering devices comprise: said first actuator extending along the first length section, between the two spacers, first spacer and second spacer, said second actuator extending along the second length section, between the two spacers, first spacer and second spacer.

[0039] Advantageously, the first actuator and the second actuator, flexible components, are configured to dampen and protect the length sections - first length section and second length section, from shocks resulting from changes in support during changes of tack, tacking or jibing, the internal mast configured to change support from the first length section against the second length section or vice versa from the second length section against the first length section during changes in orientation and profile of the sail.

[0040] Alternatively, the spacer system may comprise a single spacer connecting the first length section and the second length section together, and in particular positioned in front of or behind the mast.

[0041] The said assembly may in particular include a halyard (rope) allowing the profiled sail and the cambering devices to be hoisted along the mast, and the sail to be lowered with its cambering devices when the halyard is released.

[0042] In particular the profiled sail can be configured to be: hoisted along the mast, in the high position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices in positions apart from each other, lowered along the mast in the low position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices in positions close to each other.

[0043] Advantageously, the artificial muscles of the actuators of the plurality of cambering devices are supplied with fluid by one or more flexible elastic pipes, shaped in the form of a serpentine, extending in the direction of the height of the mast, the flexible elastic pipe(s) being configured to deploy by spreading the turns of the serpentine in the high position of the profiled sail, and to retract by bringing the turns of the serpentine closer together, in the low position of the profiled sail.

[0044] Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to hoist the profiled sail or, on the contrary, to lower it, without the risk of tangling the flexible pipes thanks to the coil(s). The supply pipes can, for example, extend into the hollow of the U-shaped connecting section, at the leading edge of the profiled sail.

[0045] According to one embodiment of said assembly, the artificial muscles of the actuators are supplied with pressurized fluid by the elastic pipe(s) from a reserve of pressurized fluid, for example compressed air, located at the foot of the mast, preferably housed inside the mast, a tubular component.

[0046] The present disclosure also relates to a sailing vehicle comprising an assembly, in particular a rigging according to the present disclosure.

[0047] The present disclosure also relates to a wind turbine comprising an assembly, in particular a rigging according to the present disclosure. Brève description des dessins

[0048] Other features, details and advantages will become apparent upon reading the detailed description below, and upon analyzing the attached drawings, including: Fig. 1 [ Fig. 1 ] shows in transparency a schematic view of a rigging comprising a profiled sail, as well as a plurality of cambering devices in their rest position, the cambering devices being configured to camber the profiled sail, selectively in a first direction and a second direction, the profiled sail being carried by a mast, extending internally to the semi-rigid structures of the cambering devices. Fig. 1a [ Fig. 1a ] is a schematic view of the section of the profiled sail, in solid lines, in the rest position of the cambering device, and in dotted lines in two distinct cambered positions, in one direction and the other relative to the rest position. Fig. 2 [ Fig. 2 ] shows an embodiment of the cambering device (flexible tendon and pneumatic muscles of the actuating means not shown) including the semi-rigid structure, in its rest position, formed of a curved rod forming the connecting section, the first length section and the second length section, as well as a first angle transmission and a second angle transmission, both each comprising a pulley, the spacer system including the first spacer and the second spacer, the flexible connection system, including the first flexible link and the second flexible link interlaced with each other, and fixing means for the edge of each profiled sail, at each free end of the semi-rigid structure, as well as two guides secured to the first and second length sections near the free ends, ensuring guidance of the flexible tendons. Fig. 3 [ Fig. 3 ] is a view of the cambering device in a cambered position of the elastic semi-rigid structure under the action of actuating means (not shown). Fig. 4 [ Fig. 4 ] is a view of the cambering device of the figure 3 , the fully illustrated actuating means, including the first actuator in the form of a pneumatic muscle running along the first length section in an extended (unactivated) state, connected to the free end of the first section by an outer tensioner via a first angle gear, and connected to the free end of the second section by an inner tensioner, the actuating means further comprising a second actuator formed by a pneumatic muscle, in a retracted (activated) state connected to the free end of the second length section by an outer tendon via a second angle gear, and connected to the free end of the first length section by an inner tendon, the second actuator deforming the semi-rigid structure into a cambered position by tensioning between the free ends, on the one hand, and the second angle gear integral with the U-shaped connecting section, on the other hand. Fig. 5 [ Fig. 5 ] is a detail view of the bracing system of the semi-rigid structure, including the first brace and the second brace. Fig. 6 [ Fig. 6 ] is a detail view of the articulated joint connecting each of the crosspieces to the first (or second) length section. Fig. 7 [ Fig. 7 ] is a view of the flexible connection system, including the first flexible connection secured by its two ends to the first length section, and the second flexible connection secured by its two ends to the second length section, the first flexible connection and the second flexible connection being intertwined, working in tension to maintain a gap between the first length section and the second length section. Fig. 8 [ Fig. 8 ] is a detail view of the guide, integral with the first length section (or the second length section) and ensuring guidance of the internal tendon near the free end. Fig. 9 [ Fig. 9 ] is a detailed view of the fixing means secured to the free end of the first length section (or the second length section) comprising the first support secured to the first length section (or the second length section) having a bearing surface, a second support comprising a counter-bearing surface, the means being configured to pinch the edge of the profiled sail between the bearing surface and the counter-bearing surface, under the effect of tightening means of the fixing means. Fig. 10 [ Fig. 10 ] are two detail views of a spacer system comprising a telescopic spacer, respectively in a deployed position of the telescopic spacer then configured to work in traction (left view) and in a retracted position then configured to work in compression (right view) Fig. 11 [ Fig. 11 ].is a view of a cambering device according to a second embodiment in the second cambered position of the semi-rigid structure, with, on the one hand, the presence of a first actuator configured to camber the semi-rigid structure in the first cambered position, said actuator in the form of an artificial muscle, running along the first length section of the semi-rigid structure, one of the longitudinal ends of which is connected to a first anchoring point secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and the other of the longitudinal ends is connected to the free end of the second length section by an internal tendon which runs along the first length section to a guide secured to the first length section, before connecting the free end of the second length section, and on the other hand, the presence of a second actuator configured to camber the semi-rigid structure in the second cambered position,said actuator in the form of an artificial muscle, running along the second length section of the semi-rigid structure, one of the longitudinal ends of which is connected to a second anchoring point secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and the other of the longitudinal ends is connected to the free end of the first length section by an internal tendon which runs along the second length section to a guide secured to the second length section, before connecting the free end of the first length section. Fig. 12 [ Fig. 12 ] is a detail view of the figure 11 , illustrating the artificial muscle of the second actuator in the activated state, with an increase in the muscle cross-section under the pressure of a fluid supplying a balloon of the muscle, and while the first actuator is in the deactivated state unloaded from the pressurized fluid. Fig. 13 [ Fig. 13 ]. is a view of a cambering device according to a third embodiment in the second cambered position of the semi-rigid structure, comprising: a first actuator configured to camber the semi-rigid structure in the first cambered position, said first actuator running along the first length section of the semi-rigid structure, in the form of an artificial muscle, one of the longitudinal ends of which is connected to the free end of the second length section by an internal tendon which runs along the first length section to a first guide secured to the first length section, before connecting the free end of the second length section, and the other of the free ends of which is connected to the free end of the first length section via a first angle transmission by an external tendon,which extends outside the semi-rigid structure and the first surface of the sail between the first angle gear and a second guide carrying rollers secured to the first length section, the outer tendon extending inside the semi-rigid structure between the second guide and the free end of the first length section, a second actuator configured to arch the semi-rigid structure into the second arched position, said second actuator running along the second length section of the semi-rigid structure, in the form of an artificial muscle, one of the longitudinal ends of which is connected to the free end of the first length section by an inner tendon which runs along the second length section to a second guide secured to the second length section, before connecting the free end of the first length section,and the other of the free ends of which is connected to the free end of the second length section via a second angle transmission by an external tendon, which extends outside the semi-rigid structure and the second surface of the sail between the second angle transmission and a second guide carrying rollers secured to the second length section, the external tendon extending inside the semi-rigid structure between the second guide and the free end of the first length section, , Fig. 14 [ Fig. 14 ]. is a detailed view of the second guides, carrying rollers ensuring the guidance of the outer tendon from the outside to the inside of the semi-rigid structure and the profiled sail. Fig. 15 [ Fig. 15 ]. is a view of the assembly comprising the profiled sail hoisted in a high position along the mast and the cambering devices in positions spaced apart from each other, notably illustrating flexible elastic hoses for supplying pressurized fluid to the artificial muscles of the cambering devices, the elastic hoses shaped into a serpentine, the hoses deployed with the coils of the serpentine separated FIG. 16 artificial bending devices, elastic pipes shaped into a serpentine, pipes deployed with spacing of the coil turns FIG. 16 [ Fig. 16 ]. is a view of the whole figure 15 , once the profiled sail is lowered into the low position on the mast, the cambering devices in close positions compared to the view of the figure 15 , the pipes retracted with the coil turns coming together under the elasticity of the coil. FIG. 17a [ Fig. 17a ]. is a schematic view of an artificial muscle in its unactivated position, i.e. unloaded from pressurized fluid. FIG. 17b [ Fig. 17b ]. is a schematic view of the artificial muscle of the figure 17a in its activated position, namely supplied with pressurized fluid, which causes an increase in its section and the retraction in length of the actuator with the bringing together of its longitudinal ends. FIG. 17c [ Fig. 17c ]. is a sectional view of the figure 17b , illustrating in section the envelope in the form of a braid, and the (watertight) balloon received inside the envelope supplied with pressurized fluid. FIG. 18a [ Fig. 18a ]. is a view of a cambering device according to a third embodiment, differing from that of the figure 4 by a simplified structure, the spacer system and the flexible connection system visible at the figure 4 being replaced by two flexible links, and in the rest position. FIG. 18b [ Fig. 18b ]. is a view of the cambering device according to the figure 18a in the second camber position (3% camber). FIG. 18c [ Fig. 18c ]. is a view of the cambering device according to the figure 18a in the second camber position (9% camber). FIG. 18d [ Fig. 18d ]. is a view of the cambering device according to the figure 18a in the second camber position (15% camber). Description des modes de réalisation

[0049] The drawings and description below contain, for the most part, elements of a certain character. They may therefore not only serve to better understand this disclosure, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0050] Also, the present disclosure relates to a cambering device 1 for a V-shaped sail comprising: a semi-rigid structure 2, elastically deformable, including: -- two length sections, extending one in front of the other, respectively forming a first length section 20 secured to a first surface S1 of the profiled sail V, and a second length section 21 secured to a second surface S2 of the profiled sail V, -- a U-shaped connecting section 22, connecting together by extending them the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 at the leading edge BA of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge BF of the sail by two free ends 23, 24, a spacer system 3, comprising at least one spacer connecting together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21, configured to work in compression and in tension, to maintain a gap between the two length sections 20, 21.

[0051] The cambering device 1 also comprises, according to a first possibility (illustrated in particular in the figure 4 , or even to the figures 13 And 14 ): actuating means 4 connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends 23, 24 of the semi-rigid structure, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section 22, configured 23, 24 with the U-shaped connecting section 22 of the semi-rigid structure 2, and generating an offset d between the two free ends 23, 24.

[0052] According to a second possibility (illustrated in particular in figure 11 Or 12) the cambering device 1 comprises actuating means 4 connecting together, on the one hand, at least one of the two free ends 23, 24, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section 22, configured to camber the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning one of the two free ends 23, 24 with the U-shaped connecting section 22 of the semi-rigid structure 2 and generating an offset (d) between the two free ends 23, 24.

[0053] As illustrated for information purposes in the figure 1 , a profiled sail may be provided with several cambering devices in accordance with the present disclosure, internal to the profiled sail. The cambering devices are distributed over the height of the profiled sail. The semi-rigid structure 2 of each cambering device 1, comprises the first length section 20 secured to a first surface S1 of the profiled sail V, and the second length section 21 secured to a second surface S2 of the profiled sail V, as well as the U-shaped connecting section 22, connecting together by extending them the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 at the leading edge BA of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge BF of the sail by two free ends 23, 24.

[0054] The flexible profiled sail extends from one of the free ends 23, 24 to the other, passing in front of the connecting section 22; a U forming the leading edge BA. The profiled sail can be fixed by two sail edges to the free ends 23, 24 via fixing means, in particular by pinching the sail edges. Along the length of the two length sections, first length section 20 and second length section 21, removable fixings, such as loop / hook strips, can be provided to secure the sail along the length sections 20 and 21.

[0055] Control means are configured to jointly control in the same direction the different actuating means 4 of the cambering devices to camber the first surface S1 of the profiled sail and the second surface S2 of the profiled sail. For example, the cambering devices can take a (particularly first) cambered position for which the first length section 20 takes a concave profile when the second length section takes a convex profile and / or a (particularly second) cambered position in which said second length section 21 has a concave profile when said first length section 20 has a convex profile.

[0056] The present disclosure also relates to an assembly such as a rigging comprising a V-shaped sail and a plurality of cambering devices 1 according to the present disclosure. The semi-rigid structure 2 of each cambering device 1 comprises the first length section 20 secured to a first surface S1 of the V-shaped sail, and the second length section 21 secured to a second surface S2 of the V-shaped sail, as well as the U-shaped connecting section 22, connecting together by extending them the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 at the leading edge BA of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge BF of the sail by two free ends 23, 24.

[0057] The assembly, in particular the rigging, may comprise a mast M, said profiled sail V being carried by the mast M extending internally to the semi-rigid structures 2 of the cambering devices 1, in the interspace between said first section of length 20 and said second section of length 21.

[0058] It will also be noted that an assembly, in particular a rigging according to the present disclosure, advantageously allows the sail to be lowered, along the mast M, the cambering devices (with the possible exception of that forming the boom); integral with the profiled sail, descending with the profiled sail along the mast, in particular when the halyard is released (in the opposite direction to that of hoisting the profiled sail)

[0059] The present disclosure also relates to a vehicle comprising such rigging: and in particular a ship or sailing boat, or even a land yacht.

[0060] The camber position can be adjusted during maneuvers, for example by switching from the first camber position Pc1 to the second camber position Pc2 of the camber devices (of reverse concavity) during tack change maneuvers, whether tacking maneuvers or gybing maneuvers.

[0061] The actuators used for the actuator means can be progressive (and not all or nothing) and take several positions allowing the first and second sail surfaces to be cambered more or less strongly, in one direction or the other. It is possible to adjust the concavity of the sail surface in contact with the wind in order to maximize the effort required to move the vehicle forward depending on the wind conditions.

[0062] The lower cambering device can simultaneously constitute a boom, articulated to the mast, allowing the profiled sail to be oriented. The boom is oriented according to the wind conditions of the ship's forward direction.

[0063] The semi-rigid structure 2 comprising the connecting section 22 and the two length sections, can be constituted by a single-piece semi-rigid element, kept curved by the spacer system 3; and where appropriate said flexible connecting system 5, which is described below.

[0064] For example, said single-piece element is a rod, in particular rectilinear at rest and curved to form the semi-rigid structure 2, or a blade in particular flat at rest and curved to form the semi-rigid structure. The rod or the blade is curved to form the first section of length 20, the second section of length 21 and the U-shaped connecting section 22. For example, the semi-rigid structure may consist of a curved blade for the boom of the rigging and curved rods for the semi-rigid structures of the other cambering devices (located above the boom).

[0065] Alternatively, the different sections of the semi-rigid structure 2, including the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 and the connecting section 22, can be constituted by several structural elements assembled to each other.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the spacer system 3 comprises a first spacer 30, connecting together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21, as well as a second spacer 31, connecting together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21, for example in a manner parallel to said first spacer 30. It is noted that the mast M of the rigging can extend into an interspace between the first spacer 30 and the second spacer 31.

[0067] The or each spacer 30, 31 of the spacer system 3 can be pivotally articulated at its ends, respectively to the first length section 20 along a (first) axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure and to the second length section 21 along a (second) axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure. The or each spacer 30, 31 is then advantageously configured to pivot relative to the two length sections, first length section 20 and second length section 21 during the bending and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means 4.

[0068] For this purpose, articulated connections 32, comprising a first part 33 secured to the first section of length 20 (or to the second section of length 21), and a second part 34 receiving one end of the spacer 30; 31 can be used. As seen in figures 5 et 6 according to one example, the second part 34 is articulated to the first part 33 along a pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2 to pivot relative to the two length sections during the bending and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means 4.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the spacer system comprises a telescopic spacer 35, connecting in particular the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21, configured to deploy and retract according to a limited stroke. This telescopic spacer 35 works in compression in a retracted position P1 of lesser spacing, and works in traction in a deployed position P2 spread apart.

[0070] Such a telescopic spacer is illustrated in the views of the figure 10 , by way of non-limiting example, respectively in its deployed position P2 (on the left) and in its retracted position P1 (on the right). This telescopic spacer may comprise two telescopic sections, namely a first telescopic section 350 and a second telescopic section 351, configured to slide one into the other to pass from the retracted position P1 to the deployed position P2 of the telescopic spacer 35.

[0071] The end of travel in the retracted position P1 (working in compression) can be obtained by placing the sections 350 and 351 in abutment, for example with the connector 32. The end of travel in the deployed position P2 (working in extension) can be obtained by a flexible link 36, connecting the two telescopic sections 350, 351 of the spacer, configured in the tensioned state in the deployed position P2, and in the released state in the retracted position P1 of the telescopic spacer 35. For example, the flexible link 36 connects the second parts 34 of two connectors 32, respectively receiving one end of the first telescopic section 350, and one end of a second telescopic section.

[0072] Such a telescopic spacer can be used at the head of the sail (i.e. near the leading edge) and in particular when the reduction in profile chord implies a thickness less than the maximum diameter of the mast.

[0073] The cambering device 1 may have a flexible connecting system 5, joining together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21. This flexible connecting system is arranged in an intermediate position of the structure between the two free ends 23, 34 and said spacer system 3; said flexible connecting system 5, working in tension to maintain a spacing between the two length sections.

[0074] It will also be noted that the spacer system 3 and the flexible connection system 5 both extend internally to the semi-rigid structure 2, in the interspace between the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21, and preferably entirely in the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2.

[0075] The flexible connection system 5; comprises two flexible links, including a first flexible link 50 secured by its two ends to the first length section 20, and a second flexible link 51 secured by its two ends to the second length section 21. The two flexible links, first flexible link 50 and second flexible link 51 are interlaced at a contact zone Zc between the two flexible links 50, 51. The contact zone Zc between the two flexible links is configured to slide along the flexible links 50, 51 during the bending and the offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means 4.

[0076] Thus, whether it is the spacer system, when the or each spacer is articulated at its ends to the two length sections (first length section 20 or second length section 21), or the flexible connection system with the possibility of sliding of the contact zone between the two flexible links, these two systems promote the offset between free ends 23 24, when the actuating means 4 are activated.

[0077] The semi-rigid structure 2 may have a profile having a plane of symmetry, in a rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2 in which the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21 have a convex profile. As seen in the figure 2 , the plane of symmetry AS of the semi-rigid structure 2 in its rest position extends in the direction between the leading edge BA and the trailing edge BF, perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2 containing the first section of length 20, the second section of length 21 and the connecting section 22, in U.

[0078] In the rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure, it is noted that the first spacer 30 and the second spacer 31 extend respectively substantially perpendicular to the plane of symmetry AS.

[0079] In at least one arched position Pc1 and / or Pc2 of the semi-rigid structure 2 under the action of the actuating means 4, said first length section 20 has a concave profile when said second length section 21 has a convex profile, or said second length section 21 has a concave profile when said first length section 20 has a convex profile.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the actuation means 4 are configured to bend the semi-rigid structure selectively: in a first arched position Pc1 in which said first section of length 20 has a concave profile when said second section of length 21 has a convex profile, in a second arched position Pc2 in which said second section of length 21 has a concave profile when said first section of length 20 has a convex profile.

[0081] According to one embodiment (notably illustrated in the figure 4 Or 13 And 14) the actuating means 4 may comprise at least one actuator 40, 41, extending along one of the two length sections of the structure, first length section 20 (or second length section 21), connected to the free end 23 or 24 of the length section by an external, flexible tendon 42, external to the semi-rigid structure 2, via at least one angle transmission 43 secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and connected to the free end 24, 23 of the other length section by an internal tendon 44 which runs along the length section to a guide 45, before connecting said free end 24 or 23 of the other length section, second length section 21 or first length section 20.

[0082] Said at least one angle return 43 is located on the side of the plane of symmetry (and not on the latter) of the semi-rigid structure 2 whose profile of the length section (first length section or second length section) is to be changed from the convex profile to the concave profile.

[0083] When the actuating means make it possible to obtain the two cambered positions Pc1 and Pc2, two angle transmissions arranged on either side of the plane of symmetry make it possible to camber the semi-rigid structure into these two cambered positions respectively: a first angle gear 431, integral with the connecting section 22, arranged on the side of the first section of length 20 (relative to the plane of symmetry) is urged to allow the change of profile of the first section of length 20 (and therefore the first surface S1 of the profiled sail) from the convex profile in the rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2 to said first cambered position Pc1 where the first section of length 20 takes the concave profile; a second angle gear 432, integral with the connecting section; arranged on the side of the second section of length 21 (relative to the plane of symmetry), is requested to allow the change of profile of the second section of length 10 (and therefore the second surface S2 of the profiled sail) from the convex profile in the rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2 to said second cambered position Pc2 where the second section of length 21 takes the concave profile.

[0084] Said actuator 40; 41 is configured to retract in an active state and pull on the two free ends 23, 24 connected respectively by the outer tendon 42 and the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the angle transmission 43 of the connecting section 22, on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d, the free end connected by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end connected by the outer tendon 42 causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the stressed outer tendon 42 moving away from the length section, first length section (or second length section, immediately adjacent to the outer tendon 42), which then takes a concave profile, and while the other length section, second length section or first length section, takes a convex profile.

[0085] The offset of the free ends 23, 24 makes it possible to initiate the change in profile of the length section - first length section 20 or second length section - from the convex profile in the rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2, and up to the concave profile in said cambered position, in particular first cambered position Pc1 or second cambered position Pc2.

[0086] The change in profile of the first section of length 20, in particular from the convex profile in the rest position Pr to a concave profile in the first cambered position Pc1, is initiated by the offset of the free end 24 of the second connecting section 21 towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 23 of the first connecting section 20.

[0087] Therefore, the concavity of the first section of length 20 can be accentuated by the actuating means 4, by the traction of the external tendon 42 connecting the first angle transmission 431 and the free end 23 (like the string of a bow).

[0088] The change in profile of the second section of length 21, in particular from the convex profile in the rest position Pr to a concave profile in the first cambered position Pc2, is initiated by the offset of the free end 23 of the first section of length 20 towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 24 of the second section of length 21.

[0089] Therefore, the concavity of the second section of length 21 can be accentuated by the actuating means 4, by the traction of the external tendon 42 connecting the second angle transmission 432 and the free end 24 (like the string of a bow).

[0090] External tendon 42 means that the flexible tendon passes outside the semi-rigid structure 2 and the sail between the angle gear 43 - first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432 - and respectively the free end, respectively the free end of the first section of length 20 and the end 24 of the second section of length 21, and even if the flexible tendon is partially internal to the structure between the angle gear and the actuator (first actuator 40 or second actuator 41).

[0091] According to one embodiment (illustrated in the figure 4 ) the outer tendon 42 between the angle gear (first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432) and the free end (free end 23 or 24) is still outside the profiled sail, in particular outside the first sail surface S1 between the first angle gear 431 and the free end 23 and outside the second sail surface S2 between the second angle gear 432 and the free end 24. For this purpose, the first sail surface S1 (respectively the second sail surface S2) has a passage opening for the outer tendon 42 at the first angle gear 431 (respectively the second angle gear 432).

[0092] According to another embodiment (illustrated in figures 13 And 14) the outer tendon 42 between the angle gear (first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432) and the free end (free end 23 or 24) is still outside the profiled sail, in particular outside the first sail surface S1 between the first angle gear 431 and a second guide 231, and outside the second sail surface S2 between the second angle gear 432 and a second guide 241. For this purpose, the first sail surface S1 (respectively the second sail surface S2) has a first passage opening for the outer tendon 42 at the first angle gear 431 (respectively the second angle gear 432) and a second passage opening for the outer tendon 42 at the second guide 231 (respectively second guide 241).

[0093] According to this embodiment (of the figures 13 And 14 ), the outer tendon 42 extends inside the structure, namely: along the first length section between the second guide 231 secured to the first length section 20 and the free end 23 of the first length section 20 along the second length section 21 between the second guide 241 secured to the second length section 21 and the free end 24 of the second length section 21.

[0094] As can be seen, the second guide 231 (or 241) may comprise two rollers, with parallel axes of rotation, juxtaposed. The outer tendon 44 is guided by the two rollers by passing between the two rollers

[0095] When the first sail surface S1 takes on a concave surface under the action of the first section of length 20, the outer tendon 42 also moves away from this first profiled sail surface S1.

[0096] When the second sail surface S2 takes on a concave surface under the action of the second section of length 21, the outer tendon 42 also moves away from this first profiled sail surface S2.

[0097] According to one embodiment (illustrated in the figure 4 Or 13 And 14 ), the actuating means include: a first actuator 40 configured to arch the semi-rigid structure into said first arched position Pc1, extending along the first length section 20 connected to the free end 23 of the first length section by a flexible outer tendon 42, to the semi-rigid structure 2, via a first angle transmission 431 secured to the U-shaped connecting section 22, and by an inner tendon 44 which runs along the first length section 20 to a guide 45 of said first length section 20 before connecting the free end 24 of said second length section 21, the first actuator 40 being configured to retract and pull on the two free ends 23, 24 connected by the outer tendon 42 and the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the first angle transmission 431, on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d,the connected end 24 by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 23 connected by the outer tendon 42 causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the stressed outer tendon 42 moving away from the first length section 20 which takes a concave profile, the second length section 21 taking a convex profile in said first bended position Pc1, a second actuator 41 configured to bend the semi-rigid structure in said second bended position Pc2, extending along the second length section 21 connected to the free end 24 of the second length section by a tendon 42, external, flexible to the semi-rigid structure 2, via a second angle transmission 432 secured to the U-shaped connecting section 22,and by an inner tendon 44 which runs along the second section of length 21 to a guide 45 of said second section of length 21 before connecting the free end 23 of said first section of length 20, the second actuator 41 being configured to retract and pull on the two free ends 23, 24 connected by the outer tendon 42 and the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the second angle transmission 432, on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d, the free end 23 connected by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 24 connected by the outer tendon 42 causing the semi-rigid structure 2 to bend, the stressed outer tendon 42 moving away from the second section of length 21 which takes a concave profile, while said first section of length 20 takes a convex profile in said second arched position Pc2. ,

[0098] According to another embodiment (illustrated in figures 11 And 12 ) the actuating means 4 comprise: a first actuator 40 for arching the semi-rigid structure into said first arched position Pc1, internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the first length section 20, one 40a of the two longitudinal ends 40a, 40b of which is connected to the free end 24 of the second length section 21 by the inner tendon 44 which runs from one 40a of the two longitudinal ends of the first actuator 40 to a guide 45 secured to the first length section 40, before connecting the free end 2 of the second length section 41, while the other longitudinal end 40b of the actuator 40 is fixed to a first anchoring point 221 of the U-shaped connecting section, the first actuator 40 being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end 24 connected by the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the first anchor point 221 on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d,the connected end 24 by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the other free end 23 causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the first length section 20 taking a concave profile, the second length section 21 taking a convex profile in said first bended position Pc1, a second actuator 41 for bending the semi-rigid structure in said first bended position Pc2, internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the second length section 21, one 41a of the two longitudinal ends 41a, 41b of which is connected to the free end 23 of the first length section 21 by the inner tendon 44 which runs from one 41a of the two longitudinal ends of the second actuator 41 to a guide 45 secured to the second length section 40, before connecting the free end 23 of the first section of length 40,while the other longitudinal end 41b of the actuator 40 is fixed to a second anchoring point 222 of the U-shaped connecting section 22, the second actuator 40 being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end 23 connected by the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the second anchoring point 222 on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d, the free end 23 connected by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the other free end 24 causing the semi-rigid structure to curve, the second length section 21 taking a concave profile, the first length section 20 taking a convex profile in said second cambered position Pc2.

[0099] The first anchoring point 221 of the first actuator 40 is located, with respect to the symmetry plane AS of the semi-rigid structure then in the rest position Pr on the side of the first actuator 40. The second anchoring point 222 of the first actuator 41 is located, with respect to the symmetry plane AS of the semi-rigid structure then in the rest position Pr on the side of the second actuator 41.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the cambering device comprising a control means configured to selectively: activating the first actuator 40 while maintaining the second actuator 41 not activated to cause said first cambered position Pc1, activating the second actuator 41 while maintaining the first actuator 40 not activated to cause said second cambered position Pc2.

[0101] These control means can be external to the semi-rigid structure of the cambering device.

[0102] The control means can also make it possible to adjust the concavity depth setting when the actuator, first actuator 40 and / or second actuator 41 is a progressive actuator.

[0103] Said at least one actuator, where appropriate first actuator 40 and second actuator 41 may be an actuator which retracts when supplied with fluid such as an artificial muscle, in particular a pneumatic muscle.

[0104] Such an actuator has a casing internally receiving a balloon supplied or discharged with fluid. The flexible casing retracts in length when its section increases under the increase of the supplied balloon or fluid (contraction of the muscle), and deploys in length when its section decreases when the balloon is discharged from the fluid (decrease in the fluid pressure). The retraction of the actuator can be progressive by controlling the quantity of fluid supplied into the balloon.

[0105] Such pneumatic actuation systems are commonly called "artificial muscles" consisting of inflatable tubes inserted into protective braids forming an envelope, such that the artificial muscle contracts or expands depending on whether its internal fluid pressure increases or decreases. Such artificial muscles are, for example, described by B. Tondu and P. Lopez in "Compte Rendu de l'Académie des Sciences", t. 320, PP 105-114, 1995.

[0106] Such an artificial muscle is schematically illustrated in its deployed position at figure 17a and in its retracted position at the figure 17b , as well as according to a sectional view at the figure 17c .

[0107] When the balloon B is supplied with pressurized fluid (for example air) the section of the balloon increases which causes an increase in the section of the envelope Ev in the form of a braid at the figure 17a .

[0108] Under the effect of the increase in the section of the envelope, the braiding of the envelope generates a force ensuring the retraction of the artificial muscle, by bringing together the longitudinal ends 40a, 40b or 41a, 41b.

[0109] Such an actuator has the following advantages: not to require electrification of the profiled sail, to be a flexible component; unlikely to be aggressive to the surfaces of the profiled sail, avoiding the risk of tearing.

[0110] This flexible actuator can extend: with regard to the first actuator 40 along the first section of length 20, between the two spacers, first spacer 30 and second spacer 31, with regard to the second actuator 41 along the second section of length 21, between the two spacers, first spacer 30 and second spacer 31.

[0111] In particular, when the two spacers receive the mast M between them, such a position of the flexible actuators is advantageous in that these flexible actuators provide, in addition to their primary actuator function, a protective sausage function for the semi-rigid structure. For example, and during changes of tack, tacking or gybing, the internal mast can change support from the first length section 20 against the second length section 21 (or vice versa), during changes of orientation and profile of the sail. The flexible actuators then advantageously make it possible to dampen and protect the length sections from shocks resulting from changes in support.

[0112] An example of a 45 guide is shown in figure 8 ; the actuator - first actuator 40 or second actuator 41 - is secured, on the one hand, at one of its longitudinal ends to the external tendon 42, which extends between the actuator and the angle gear 43, - first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432 - along the length section 20 or 21, before passing to the outside; and on the other hand, at the other of its longitudinal ends, to the internal tendon, which runs to the guide 45 fixed on the same side of the plane of symmetry as the angle gear - first angle gear or second angle gear - cooperating with the actuator, before connecting the free end of the length section, of the length section located opposite the actuator, namely second length section or first length section.

[0113] To the figure 8 , the guide 45 is made up of a simple loop formed by a loop.

[0114] Finally, the figure 9 illustrates an example of means 6 for fixing two edges of the V-shaped sail, at the level of the trailing edge BF.

[0115] These fixing means 6 may comprise, for each free end 23, 34, a first support 60 secured to the free end 23 or 24, having a bearing surface, and a second support 61 mounted removably, having a counter-bearing surface, as well as clamping means between the first support 60 and the second support 61 configured to clamp a sail edge between the bearing surface and the counter-bearing surface of the first support and second support. The clamping means may be screw systems.

[0116] According to one embodiment, the profiled sail is configured to be: hoisted along the mast M, in the high position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices 1 in positions spaced from each other, and as illustrated by way of example in figure 15 , lowered along the mast M in the low position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices 1 in positions close to each other, and as illustrated by way of example in figure 16 .

[0117] The artificial muscles of the actuators 40, 41 of the plurality of cambering devices 1 can be supplied with fluid by one or more flexible elastic pipes AL1, AL2, AL3, shaped in the form of a serpentine, extending in the direction of the height of the mast M.

[0118] Advantageously, the flexible elastic pipe(s) are configured to deploy by spreading the coil turns apart in the high position of the profiled sail, and to retract by bringing the coil turns together, under the elasticity of the coil in the low position of the profiled sail.

[0119] The artificial muscles of the actuators 40, 41 are supplied with pressurized fluid by the elastic pipe(s) AL1, AL2, AL3 by a reserve of pressurized fluid, preferably housed inside the mast M at the foot of the mast. Application industrielle et avantages

[0120] These technical solutions can be applied in particular in the maritime field of sailing boats, as an improved rigging solution.

[0121] Since the cambering devices are made up of a semi-rigid, elastically deformable structure, or even flexible actuator(s) in the form of artificial muscles, they are particularly suitable for a marine environment, where the rigging elements may be subject to shocks, under the action of the wind or unforeseen manoeuvres.

[0122] The actuators - in particular the first actuator or second actuator - being integrated within the semi-rigid structure itself, and in particular in the plane of the semi-rigid structure, the length of the flexible connections - internal and external tendon - ensuring the cambering of the structure is limited. The precision of the control is improved in that the use of remote actuators at a distance from the cambering systems is avoided, which requires control links of substantial length which impair the precision of the control, and due to their elongation under stress, and which also represent a significant risk of entanglement with the other parts of the rigging.

[0123] Another advantage of providing the actuator(s) within the structure itself according to the present disclosure, contained in the plane of the semi-rigid structure, is that the forces generated by the actuation means remain at the same contents in this plane, and contrary to the teaching of document WO 2017 / 202858 A1 for which the control link extends in its visible part in the plane of the camber structure, then substantially in its non-visible part perpendicularly along the mast to an actuator, positioned at the foot of the mast: according to such a prior art, the actuation means generate forces not exclusively contained in the plane of the semi-rigid structure, and in particular in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane.

[0124] The fact that the forces of the actuating means are contained in the plane of the semi-rigid structure, according to the present disclosure, makes it possible, if necessary, to simplify the structure of the cambering device, by limiting the use of semi-rigid component(s) to what is strictly necessary, and as illustrated in the third embodiment 18a to 18d.

[0125] Advantageously, and generally, the spacer system 3 with its spacer(s) 30; 31 can be replaced by a simple flexible connection 7, joining by its two ends the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21, working only in tension to limit the spacing between the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21.

[0126] As visible at figures 18a à 18d , the mast M is arranged internally to the structure in the interspace defined between the flexible connection marked 7 and the connection section U 22.

[0127] The flexible connection system 5 with its first and second flexible links 50, 51 can be retained, or even replaced by a simple flexible connection 8, joining by its two ends, the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21.

[0128] Simplifying the structure of the camber device, by removing the spacer system, which is damaging in the event of repeated impacts against the mast M, not only reduces its cost, but also improves the reliability of the rigging when subjected to the vagaries of the wind which can cause such repeated impacts between the spacers 30, 31 and the mast M.

[0129] Notably, the present disclosure also finds application in wind power. The present disclosure also relates to a wind turbine comprising a profiled sail provided with one or more cambering devices (1) according to the present disclosure. Liste des signes de référence

[0130] 1: Cambering device, 2 Semi-rigid structure 20,21: First length section and second length section, 22. U-shaped connecting section 23,34: Free ends, 231, 241. Second guides (for the inner tendon) 3. Spacer system, 30, 31. First spacer and second spacer, 32. Connector, 33, 34. First part and second part (connector), 35. Telescopic spacer 350,351. First telescopic section and second telescopic section, 36. Flexible link (with limit switch function in extension) 4 Actuating means, 40,41. Actuators, first and second; 42 External tendon(s) 43. Angle transmissions, in particular first angle transmission 431, and second angle transmission 432 44. Tendon, internal, flexible, 45. Guides (If applicable, first for the internal tendon) 5. Flexible connection system 50. First flexible connection, 51. Second flexible connection, 6. Means of attachment (sail) AS. Plane of symmetry of the semi-rigid structure ( figure 2) B. Balloon (artificial muscle), Envelope (particularly braid) BA. Leading edge BF Trailing edge V. Profiled sail d: offset between the two free ends ZC. Contact zone between the two flexible links Pr. Rest position, Pc1. First camber position, Pc2. Second camber position, P1,P2. Retracted and deployed position (telescopic strut).

Claims

1. Cambering device (1) for a profiled sail (V) comprising: - an elastically deformable semi-rigid structure (2), including: -- two length sections, extending in front of one another, respectively forming a first length section (20) secured to a first surface (S1) of the profiled sail (V), and a second length section (21) secured to a second surface (S2) of the profiled sail (V), -- a U-shaped connecting section (22), interconnecting, by extending them, the first length section (20) and the second length section (21) at the leading edge (BA) of the profiled sail, the two length sections terminating at the trailing edge (BF) of the sail in two free ends (23, 24), - actuating means (4) interconnecting, on the one hand, the two free ends (23, 24) of the semi-rigid structure, or at least one of the two free ends (23, 24) and, on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section (22), configured to camber the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends (23, 34) with the U-shaped connecting section (22) of the semi-rigid structure (2), or at least by tensioning one of the two free ends (23, 24) with the U-shaped connecting section (22) of the semi-rigid structure (2), and generating an offset (d) between the two free ends (23, 24), characterised in that the actuating means comprise at least one actuator (40, 41), having two longitudinal ends (40a; 41a, 40b; 41b, said actuator (40, 41), which is activatable, being retractable when activated with the bringing together of its two longitudinal ends, said at least one actuator (40, 41) extending along one of the two length sections of the semi-rigid structure, first length section (20) or second length section (21), said actuator (40, 41) being internal to the semi-rigid structure (2), contained in a plane of the semi-rigid structure (2), and in that one of the longitudinal ends (40a, 41a) of said at least one actuator (40, 41) is connected to one of the two free ends (23, 24) by an internal tendon (44) while the other one (41a, 41b) of the two longitudinal ends of said at least one actuator (40, 41) is connected either to an anchoring point (221, 222) secured to the U-shaped connecting section (22), or to the other one of the two free ends (23, 24) via an angle transmission (43) secured to the U-shaped connecting section (22) by an external tendon (42), the flexible external tendon (42) passing outside the semi-rigid structure (2), and the profiled sail between the angle transmission (43) and respectively said other one of the two free ends (23, 24).

2. Cambering device according to claim 1, wherein said flexible actuator (40, 41) is an artificial muscle, contractiing when supplied with pressure by a fluid, and relaxing when the pressure of the fluid decreases, said artificial muscle having an envelope (Ev) receiving inside a balloon (B) supplied with or discharged of the fluid, the flexible envelope (Ev), in particular in the form of a braid, being configured to retract lengthwise when the cross-section thereof increases under the increase of the balloon supplied or fluid, and deploying lengthwise when the cross-section thereof decreases when the balloon is discharged of fluid.

3. Cambering device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises a spacer system (3), comprising at least one spacer interconnecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), said spacer being configured to work in compression and in tension, to keep a spacing between the two length sections 20, 21.

4. Cambering device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the semi-rigid structure (2) has a profile having a plane of symmetry in a rest position (Pr) of the semi-rigid structure (2) wherein the first length section (20) and the second length section (21) have a convex profile, and wherein, in at least one cambered position (Pc1; Pc2) of the semi-rigid structure (2) under the action of the actuating means (4), said first length section (20) has a concave profile when said second length section (21) has a convex profile, or said second length section (21) has a concave profile when said first length section (20) has a convex profile.

5. Cambering device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the actuating means (4) are configured to camber the semi-rigid structure selectively: - in a first cambered position (Pc1) in which said first length section (20) has a concave profile when said second length section (21) has a convex profile, - in a second cambered position (Pc2) in which said second length section (21) has a concave profile when said first length section (20) has a convex profile.

6. Cambering device (1) according to claim 5, wherein said at least one actuator of the actuating means comprises: - a first actuator (40) configured to camber the semi-rigid structure in said first cambered position (Pc1), extending along the first length section (20), internal to the semi-rigid structure, secured at one (40b) of the longitudinal ends thereof to the external tendon (42), connected, on the one hand, to the free end (23) of the first length section (20) by said flexible external tendon (42), which is external to the semi-rigid structure (2), via a first angle transmission (431) secured to the U-shaped connecting section (22) the flexible external tendon (42) passing outside the semi-rigid structure (2) and the profiled sail between the first angle transmission (431) and respectively the free end (23) of the first length section (20), the flexible external tendon (42) being internal to the semi-rigid structure between the first angle transmission (431) and said first actuator (40), the first actuator (40) being secured at the other one of the longitudinal ends thereof to the internal tendon (44), said first actuator (40) connected on the other hand to the free end (24) of said second length section (21) by said internal tendon (44), which runs along the first length section (20) to a guide (45) secured to said first length section (20) before connecting said free end (24) of said second length section (21), the first actuator (40) being configured, in an active state, to be retracted and pull on the two free ends (23, 24) connected by the external tendon (42) and the internal tendon (44), on the one hand, and on the first angle transmission (431), on the other hand, until the offset (d) is created, the end (24) connected by the internal tendon (44) advancing towards the leading edge (BA) relative to the free end (23) connected by the external tendon (42) while causing cambering of the semi-rigid structure, the stressed external tendon (42) moving away from the first length section (20), which adopts a concave profile, the second length section (21) adopting a convex profile in said first cambered position (Pc1), - a second actuator (41) configured to camber the semi-rigid structure in said second cambered position (Pc2), extending along the second length section (21) internal to the semi-rigid structure, secured at one of the longitudinal ends thereof to an external tendon (42), connected, on the one hand, to the free end (24) of the second length section (21) by the flexible external tendon (42), which is external to the semi-rigid structure (2), via a second angle transmission (432) secured to the U-shaped connecting section, the flexible external tendon (42) passing outside the semi-rigid structure (2) and the profiled sail between the second angle transmission (432) and respectively the free end (24) of the second length section (21), the flexible external tendon (42) being internal to the semi-rigid structure between the second angle transmission (432) and said second actuator (41), the second actuator (41) being secured at the other one of the longitudinal ends thereof to the internal tendon (44), said second actuator (41) connected, on the other hand, to the free end (23) of said first length section (21) by said internal tendon (44) which runs along the second length section (21) to a guide (45) secured to said second length section (21) before connecting the free end (23) of said first length section (20), the second actuator (41) being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the two free ends (23, 24) connected by the external tendon (42) and the internal tendon (44), on the one hand, and on the second angle transmission (432), on the other hand, until the offset (d) is created, the free end (23) connected by the internal tendon (44) advancing towards the leading edge (BA) relative to the free end (24) connected by the external tendon (42) while causing cambering of the semi-rigid structure (2), the stressed external tendon (42) moving away from the second length section (21), which adopts a concave profile, while said first length section (20) adopts a convex profile in said second cambered position (Pc2).

7. Device according to claim 5, wherein said at least one actuator (40, 41) of the actuating means (4) comprises: - a first actuator (40) for cambering the semi-rigid structure in said first cambered position (Pc1), internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the first length section (20), one (40a) of the two longitudinal ends (40a, 40b) of which is connected to the free end (24) of the second length section (21) by the inner tendon (44) that runs from one (40a) of the two longitudinal ends of the first actuator (40) to a guide (45) secured to the first length section (40), before connecting the free end (24) of the second length section (41), while the other longitudinal end (40b) of the actuator (40) is attached to a first anchoring point (221) of the U-shaped section (22), the first actuator (40) being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end (24) connected by the inner tendon (44), on the one hand, and on the first anchoring point (221) on the other hand, until the offset (d) is created, the end (24) connected by the inner tendon (44) advancing towards the leading edge (BA) relative to the other free end (23) causing the semi-rigid structure to camber, the first length section (20) adopting a concave profile, the second length section (21) adopting a convex profile in said first cambered position (Pc1), - a second actuator (41) for cambering the semi-rigid structure in said first cambered position (Pc2), internal to the semi-rigid structure, extending along the second length section (21), one (41a) of the two longitudinal ends (41a, 41b) of which is connected to the free end (23) of the first length section (21) by the inner tendon (44) that runs from one (41a) of the two longitudinal ends of the second actuator (41) to a guide (45) integral with the second length section (40), before connecting the free end (23) of the first length section (40), while the other longitudinal end (41b) of the actuator (40) is attached to a second anchor point (222) of the U-shaped section (22) the second actuator (40) being configured, in an active state, to retract and pull on the free end (23) connected by the inner tendon (44) on the one hand,, and on the second anchor point (222) on the other hand, until the offset (d) is created, the end connected (23) by the inner tendon (44) advancing towards the leading edge (BA) with respect to the other free end (24) causing the semi-rigid structure to camber, the second length section (21) adopting a concave profile, the first length section (20) adopting a convex profile in said second cambered position (Pc2).

8. Cambering device (1) according to claim 6 or 7, comprising control means configured to selectively: - activate the first actuator (40) by keeping the second actuator (41) not activated to cause said first cambered position (Pc1), - activate the second actuator (41) by keeping the first actuator (40) not activated to cause said second cambered position (Pc2),9. Cambering device (1) according to claim 6, alone or taken in combination with claim 8, wherein the outer tendon (44) extends from said angle transmission (43), first angle transmission (431) or second angle transmission (432) outside the semi-rigid structure (2), up to said free end (23.34).

10. Cambering device (1) according to claim 9, wherein the outer tendon (42) extends between the angle transmission (43), first angle transmission (431) or second angle transmission (432) and in the direction of said free end (23, 24) connected by the outer tendon (42), outside the semi-rigid structure (2) to a second guide (231, 232) carrying rollers secured to the length section (20, 21) of the structure (23, 24), the outer tendon (42) being located inside the semi-rigid structure between the second guide (231, 241) and said free end (23, 24).

11. Cambering device (1) according to claim 3, taken alone or in combination with one of claims 2 to 10, having a flexible connection system (5), joining the first length section (20) and the second length section (21) together, in an intermediate position between the two free ends (23, 34) and said spacer system (3); said flexible connection system (5) working under tension to maintain a spacing between the two length sections.

12. Cambering device (1) according to claim 11, wherein the connection system (5) is flexible; includes two flexible links, including a first flexible link (50) secured by its two ends to the first length section (20), and a second flexible link (51) secured by its two ends to the second length section (21), the two flexible links, first flexible link (50) and second flexible link (51), being interleaved at a contact area (ZC) between the two flexible links, the contact area (ZC) between the two flexible links being configured to slide along the flexible links (50, 51) during cambering and offsetting of the free ends (23, 24); under the effect of the actuating means (4).

13. Cambering device according to claim 3 taken alone or in combination with one of claims 2 to 12, the spacer system (3 comprises a first spacer (30), interconnecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), as well as a second spacer (31) interconnecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), parallel to said first spacer (30).

14. Cambering device according to claim 2 or 13, wherein the or each spacer (30, 31) of the spacer system (3) is pivoted at its ends, respectively at the first length section (20) on an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure and at the second length section (21) on an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure, the or each spacer (30, 31) being configured to pivot relative to the two length sections, first length section (20) and second length section (21), during cambering and offsetting of the free ends (23, 24); under the effect of the actuating means (4).

15. Cambering device according to claim 14, comprising hinged connectors (32), comprising a first portion (33) secured to the first length section (20) or to the second length section (21), and a second portion (34) receiving one end of the spacer (30; 31), the second portion (34) being hinged to the first portion (33) on to a pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure (2) to pivot relative to the two length sections during cambering and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means (4).

16. Cambering device according to any one of claims 3, 13, 14 or 15, wherein the spacer system comprises a telescopic spacer (35), connecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), configured to deploy and retract on a limited travel and work in compression in a retracted position (P1) of lesser spacing, and work in traction in a spaced-apart deployed position (P2).

17. Cambering device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the semi-rigid structure (12) comprising the connecting section (22) and the two length sections, including the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), consists of a one-piece semi-rigid element, held curved by the spacer system (3); and, where applicable, said flexible connection system (5) according to a first possibility, or alternatively, by one or more flexible connections (7, 8), joining the first length section (20) and the second length section (21).

18. Cambering device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising means (6) for fastening two edges of the profiled sail (V), at the trailing edge (BF), including for each free end (23, 24), a first support (60) secured to the free end (23 or 24), having a bearing surface, and a second support (61) mounted service to be removable, and has a counter-bearing surface, as well as clamping means between the first support (60) and the second support (61) configured to clamp a sail edge between the bearing surface and the counter-bearing surface of the first support and second support.

19. Assembly, for example ringing, comprising a profiled sale (B) and a plurality of cambering devices (1) according to anyone of claims 1 to 18, and wherein the semi-rigid structure (2) of each cambering device (1) comprises the first length section (20) secured to a first surface (S1) of the profiled sail (V), and the second length section (21) secured to a second surface (S2) of the profiled sail (V), as well as the U-shaped connecting section (22), connecting together, while extending them, the first length section (20) and the second length section (21) at the leading edge (BA) of the profiled sail, the two length sections terminating at the trailing edge (BF) of the sail by two free ends (23, 24). and wherein the actuation means comprising said at least one actuator (40, 41), having the two longitudinal ends (40a; 41a, 40b; 41b), said actuator (40, 41) being retractable when activated, said at least one actuator (40, 41) extending along one of the two length sections of the semi-rigid structure, first length section (20) or second length section (21), said actuator (40, 41) being internal to the semi-rigid structure (2), contained in a plane of the semi-rigid structure.

20. Assembly according to claim 19, wherein said flexible actuator (40, 41) is said artificial muscle, contracting when supplied with pressure by a fluid, and relaxing when the pressure of the fluid decreases, said artificial muscle having an envelope receiving internally a balloon supplied with or discharged of the fluid, the flexible envelope retracting lengthwise when the cross-section thereof increases under the increase of the balloon supplied with fluid, and deploying lengthwise when the cross-section thereof decreases when the balloon is discharged of the fluid.

21. Assembly according to claim 19 or 20, said profiled sail (V) is supported by a mast (M) extending internal to the semi-rigid structures (2) of the cambering devices (1), in the interspace between said first length section (20) and said second length section (21).

22. Assembly according to claim 21 wherein the cambering devices (1) are in accordance with claim 13, the spacer system (30) comprising the first spacer (30), interconnecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), as well as a second spacer (31) interconnecting the first length section (20) and the second length section (21), parallel to said first spacer (30) and wherein said mast (M) extends internal to each semi-rigid structure (2) at the interspace defined between the first spacer (30) and the second spacer (31) of the spacer system (3)23. Assembly according to claims 20 and 22, wherein the cambering devices (1) are in accordance with claim 6 or 7, comprising: - said first actuator (40), which extends along the first length section (20), between the two spacers, first spacer (30) and second spacer (31), - said second actuator (41), which extends along the second length section (21), between the two spacers, first spacer (30) and second spacer (31) and wherein the first flexible actuators (40) and the second flexible actuator (41) are configured to dampen and protect the length sections (40, 41) from shocks resulting from changes in bearing during going about, tacking or jibing, the inner mast (M) configured to change bearing from the first length section (20) against the second length section (21) or vice versa from the second length section (21) against the first length section (20) during changes in orientation and profile of the sale.

24. Assembly according to claim 20, wherein the profiled sail is configured to be: - hoisted up the mast (M), into the high position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices (1) in positions separated from one another, - collapsed down the mast (M) into the low position of the profiled sail, the cambering devices (1) in positions close to one another, and wherein the artificial muscles of the actuators (40, 41) of the plurality of cambering devices (1) are supplied with fluid by one or more flexible, elastic hoses (AL1, AL2, AL3) shaped in the form of a coil, extending in the direction of the height of the mast (M), the flexible elastic hose(s) being configured to deploy by separation of the turns of the coil in the high position of the profiled sail, and to retract by bringing the turns of the coil close to one another under the elasticity of the coil, in the low position of the profiled sail.

25. Assembly according to claim 24, wherein the artificial muscles of the actuators (40, 41) are supplied with pressurised fluid via the elastic pipe(s) (AL1, AL2, AL3) by a pressurised fluid reservoir, housed inside the mast (M) at the base of the mast26. Vehicle with sail comprising an assembly according to one of claims 19 to 25

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