Insect repellent for use on horses

Abstract

The present invention relates to a repellent for horses, having a formulation comprising at least the following: at least one emulsion base having a proportion by weight of between 1.0% by weight and 5.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation, at least one stabilizer based on acrylic acid having a proportion by weight of between 0.15% by weight and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation, at least one emulsifier having a proportion by weight of between 0.1% by weight and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation, at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient having a proportion by weight of between 10.0% by weight and 30.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation, and water.

Description

[0001] INSECT REPELLENT FOR USE ON HORSES

[0002] The present invention relates to a repellent for horses.

[0003] In principle, various insect repellents for horses are known to keep biting flies, horseflies, and similar insects away from horses, thus sparing them the stress caused by the insects and reducing the risk of potential disease. In addition to physical repellents, such as blankets or nets, chemical repellents, such as powdered substances, are also known that can be rubbed onto the horses. However, since the rubbing process itself is time-consuming and laborious, sprayable substances are advantageous for the user.

[0004] For example, DE 10 2006 060 159 A1 describes a sprayable repellent for horses based on garlic oil that has an insect-repelling effect. However, the repellent's effectiveness and shelf life are limited, as garlic is not an active ingredient but merely a masker of its own odor. This can lead to a certain amount of the repellent losing its sprayability if improperly stored for a longer period, for example, if the repellent is not relocated during the winter. This can render the respective amount of the repellent unusable.

[0005] There is therefore a need to provide a horse repellent that is more effective than conventional insect repellents. Preferably, the repellent should also have an extended shelf life.

[0006] The objective technical problem to be solved can be seen as providing a repellent for horses by means of which the disadvantages of the state of the art can be eliminated or at least reduced.

[0007] The problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments and aspects are specified in the dependent claims and the following description, each of which, individually or in (sub)combination, may represent aspects of the disclosure. All optional features may also be actual features of the invention, provided the respective (sub)combination represents an advantageous development.

[0008] According to a first aspect, a repellent for horses is provided. The repellent has a formulation comprising at least the following:

[0009] - at least one emulsion base with a weight proportion of between 1.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, preferably with a weight proportion of between 1.5 wt.% and 4.0 wt.%, more preferably with a weight proportion of between 2.0 wt.% and 3.0 wt.%, particularly preferably with a weight proportion of 2.34 ± 0.10 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0010] - at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight fraction of between 0.05 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, preferably with a weight fraction of between 0.10 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, more preferably with a weight fraction of between 0.15 wt.% and 0.50 wt.%, particularly preferably with a weight fraction of 0.18 ± 0.05 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0011] - at least one emulsifier with a weight fraction of between 0.01 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, preferably with a weight fraction of between 0.05 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, more preferably with a weight fraction of between 0.10 wt.% and 0.50 wt.%, particularly preferably with a weight fraction of 0.13 ± 0.05 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0012] - at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight proportion of between 5.0 wt.% and 30.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, preferably with a weight proportion of between 8.0 wt.% and 27.0 wt.%, more preferably with a weight proportion of between 10.0 wt.% and 25.0 wt.%, particularly preferably with a weight proportion of 12.5 ± 1.0 wt.% or 20.0 ± 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the formulation, and water.

[0013] The piperidine-containing active ingredient demonstrates good repellent activity against insects, particularly against horseflies, horse flies, biting and stinging mosquitoes, black flies, and ticks. Previously known repellents use garlic oil, for example. However, garlic oil is merely a fragrance. This means that garlic oil can, to a certain extent, mask the horse's inherent odor, which is essentially due to the specific carbon dioxide and protein emissions of horses (so-called self-odor masker). In contrast, the piperidine-containing active ingredient is an active ingredient with proven repellent activity. The repellent therefore demonstrates improved efficacy and a longer duration of action of up to 8 hours compared to known insect repellents.

[0014] Optionally, the weight fraction of the piperidine-containing active ingredient based on a unit amount of the formulation can also be between 12.5 wt.% and 30.0 wt.%, preferably also between 12.5 wt.% and 20.0 wt.%.

[0015] The unit quantity is understood to mean a particular, specified quantity of the formulation to which the relative weight proportions of the individual components of the formulation given here refer; for example, the unit quantity may be 1000 g.

[0016] The acrylic acid-based stabilizer may be a substance sold under the trade name "Carbopol," for example, Carbopol 981, Carbopol 971, Carbopol 71G, Carbopol 974P, Carbopol 984, Carbopol 5984, or Carbopol 980. Particular preference is given to using the substance sold under the trade name Carbopol 980 NF as the stabilizer. In particular, the stabilizer may comprise a homopolymeric polyacrylic acid. The stabilizer is particularly designed to ensure thorough mixing of the formulation.

[0017] The piperidine-containing active ingredient may be a substance sold under the trade names "Saltidin" or "Icaridin." In particular, the piperidine-containing active ingredient may include 1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine.

[0018] Optionally, the formulation can comprise a liquid agent, preferably an emulsion. In a special embodiment, the formulation can additionally comprise a fragrance mixture with garlic oil and at least one other fragrance oil. This allows the scent of the formulation to be tailored to individual needs. Furthermore, garlic oil can mask the horses' natural odor and thus indirectly contributes to insect repellency. Insect repellency can therefore be further enhanced, even though garlic oil is not an active ingredient.

[0019] The weight fraction of garlic oil, based on a unit amount of the formulation, can preferably be between 0.05 wt.% and 5.0 wt.%, more preferably between 0.08 wt.% and 3.0 wt.%, more preferably between 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, more preferably between 0.15 ± 0.05 wt.% and 0.30 ± 0.05 wt.%, each based on a unit amount of the formulation. Garlic odor is perceived as unpleasant by some people. The partial amounts selected here advantageously keep the odor intensity emanating from the garlic oil within limits.

[0020] Alternatively or cumulatively, the fragrance mixture may additionally comprise at least one of lemon oil, clove oil, lavender oil, tea tree oil, cedar oil, eucalyptus oil, rapeseed oil, or a combination thereof. These additives allow the odor of the formulation to be adjusted to meet individual needs, so that the odor emanating from the formulation is perceived as pleasant.

[0021] The emulsifier preferably comprises at least polypropylene glycol-16 (PPG-16), capric acid, and triglycerides or capric triglycerides. Thus, the emulsifier can particularly preferably comprise medium-chain fatty acids. In particular, the emulsifier can be a substance sold under the trade name "ABIL Gare," for example, "ABIL Gare 85."

[0022] The oil globules of the formulation, in particular of the emulsion, particularly preferably have a (mean) diameter of less than 3.0 pm, further preferably less than 2.0 pm, particularly preferably less than 1.6 pm. This ensures the sprayability of the formulation. With larger diameters, the openings of the spray head can become blocked, at least over time. This problem is solved here by the oil globules having correspondingly small diameters. For example, oil droplets can be broken up during preparation of the formulation in order to avoid larger oil droplets in the formulation. The small (mean) diameter of the oil globules also contributes to the long effectiveness (duration of action) of the formulation. The oil globules wet themselves with water molecules and the substance components of the formulation dissolved in the water components.The water molecules protect the oil globules from bursting, as they only burst when the wetting effect of the water molecules has evaporated. After the repellent is sprayed onto the animal, an initial phase of action begins in which the water molecules evaporate, releasing the components of the formulation that are attached to the water molecules or dissolved by the water. The evaporation of the sprayed water components leads to a drying out of the oil globules with regard to their wetting, so that the initial phase of action transitions into a second phase in which the oil globules burst. The oil globules then release the components of the formulation dissolved in them. The transition from the initial phase of action to the second phase of action can be viewed as a gradual process.

[0023] When the water molecules evaporate during the first phase of action, the piperidine-containing active ingredient is released. The formulation therefore exhibits effective insect repellent activity immediately after spraying. During the second phase of action, the oil components, which act as fragrances, are additionally used to mask the insects' natural odor. The gradual transition between the active phases further enhances the insect repellent effect. Therefore, a long-lasting, effective repellent effect can be guaranteed for up to 8 hours. Re-spraying the repellent is not necessary to achieve the desired repellent effect.

[0024] In a particular embodiment, the emulsifier comprises polypropylene glycol-16, based on a unit amount of the emulsifier, between 40.0 wt.% and 70.0 wt.%, more preferably between 45.0 wt.% and 60.0 wt.%, more preferably between 48.0 wt.% and 55.0 wt.%, particularly preferably 50.0 ± 3.0 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsifier.

[0025] Advantageously, the weight fraction of a mixture of capric acid and triglycerides, based on a unit amount of emulsifier, is between 5.0 wt.% and 30.0 wt.%, preferably between 8.0 wt.% and 27.0 wt.%, more preferably between 10.0 wt.% and 25.0 wt.%, each based on a unit amount of emulsifier. The emulsifier thus formed is particularly well suited for the present formulation.

[0026] Optionally, the formulation can additionally comprise sodium acetate in a weight proportion, based on a unit amount of the formulation, of between 0.001 wt.% and 1.00 wt.%, preferably between 0.01 wt.% and 0.50 wt.%, more preferably between 0.02 wt.% and 0.20 wt.%, more preferably between 0.03 wt.% and 0.10 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.04 ± 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the formulation. The sodium acetate can advantageously prevent the aqueous components and the fatty components of the formulation from separating from one another. This advantageously extends the storage life of the formulation (emulsion). This results in a storage life of up to 24 months. Despite such long periods, the sprayability of the repellent is essentially retained.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the emulsion base comprises the following:

[0028] - paraffin oil with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of between 75.0 wt% and 90.0 wt%, preferably between 77.0 wt% and 85.0 wt%, more preferably substantially 79.0 ± 2.0 wt%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0029] - potassium oleate with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 8.0 wt.% and 13.0 wt.%, preferably between 10.0 wt.% and 11.0 wt.%, more preferably substantially 10.4 ± 0.2 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0030] - n-pentanol with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 2.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.%, preferably between 3.0 wt.% and 4.0 wt.%, more preferably substantially 3.5 ± 0.2 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0031] - ethanol with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 1.0 wt% and 4.0 wt%, preferably between 2.0 wt% and 3.0 wt%, more preferably substantially 2.5 ± 0.2 wt%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0032] - ammonium oleate with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 0.2 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, preferably between 0.5 wt.% and 0.8 wt.%, more preferably substantially 0.7 ± 0.1 wt.%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0033] - anise oil with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 0.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%, preferably between 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%, more preferably substantially 1.3 ± 0.1 wt%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base,

[0034] - peppermint oil with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 0.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%, preferably between 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%, more preferably substantially 1.3 ± 0.1 wt%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base, and

[0035] - Rice oil with a weight proportion based on a unit amount of the emulsion base of 0.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%, preferably between 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%, more preferably substantially 1.3 ± 0.1 wt%, in each case based on a unit amount of the emulsion base.

[0036] The total of the respective substance components always amounts to 100% by weight of the emulsion base. The emulsion base acts as a thickener. It increases the viscosity of the formulation. It can also enhance or enhance the effect of the stabilizer (Carobopol).

[0037] The emulsion base can, in principle, have a different composition than the one mentioned above. The key factor is that it ensures an increase in viscosity.

[0038] The paraffin oil of the emulsion base can have a density between 0.827 and 0.890 g / cm3 and a viscosity between 110 - 230 mPa s.

[0039] The resulting emulsion base has proven particularly suitable for combining long-lasting durability with high repellent effectiveness. The formulation is advantageously prepared by mixing the individual components together for a period of between 2 and 5 hours, preferably between 2 and 3 hours. A temperature of between 25°C and 35°C is maintained, at least for a portion of the mixing process, between 1 and 2 hours, preferably between 1 and 3 hours.

[0040] Preferably, the oil droplets are broken down into oil globules during production such that the oil globules have a (mean) diameter of less than 3.0 pm, preferably less than 2.0 pm, more preferably less than 1.6 pm. This ensures good sprayability of the formulation.

[0041] The invention further relates to the use of the repellent for insect repelling in dogs, in particular with regard to ticks, horseflies, horseflies, biting and stinging mosquitoes and black flies.

[0042] Each of the above-mentioned aspects can be (sub-)combined with any other aspect, provided that the person skilled in the art has access to corresponding conceivable developments.

[0043] The above aspects and further advantages of the claimed subject matter will be more easily understood by reference to the following detailed embodiments.

[0044] The following detailed description of the embodiments is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to be the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is merely exemplary and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The examples contained herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed. Various modifications of the described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the described embodiments.Therefore, the described embodiments are not limited to the embodiments shown, but are to have the widest possible scope of application consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0045] All features disclosed below with respect to the embodiments may be combined alone or in any sub-combination with features of the aspects of the present disclosure, including features of preferred embodiments thereof, provided that the resulting combination of features is meaningful to a person skilled in the art.

[0046] For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means, for example, (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C), including all other possible combinations when more than three elements are listed. In other words, the phrase "at least one of A and B" generally means "A and / or B," namely "A" alone, "B" alone, or "A and B."

[0047] The following table shows four different versions of the repellent, A, B, C and D.

[0048]

[0049] Table 1: Different versions A, B, C and D of the repellent with relative weights.

[0050] In Table 1, (E) means emulsion base, (F) means formulation, (D) means fragrance, (V) means binding agent, (H) means excipient, (S) means stabilizer, (EM) means emulsifier, and (W) means active ingredient. For the respective weight fractions, (F) means that the respective weight fraction refers to a unit amount of the formulation, whereas (E) means that the respective weight fraction refers to a unit amount of the emulsion base. This means that the relative fractions (E) of the emulsion base each add up to 100%. The relative fractions (F) of the formulation also add up to 100%.

[0051] All weight fractions in Table 1 are to be assessed with an error margin of 0.1 wt.% if the respective weight fraction is 2.0 wt.% or less, with an error margin of 0.2 wt.% if the respective weight fraction is greater than 2.0 wt.% and less than 10 wt.%, and otherwise with an error margin of 1.5 wt.%. A correspondingly different water content may result for adjustment purposes. Of course, a weight fraction cannot be below zero due to the error.

[0052] As can be seen from Table 1, versions A, B, and C differ in the proportion of garlic oil. While version A contains no garlic oil and is therefore well tolerated by users who find the smell of garlic unpleasant, version B has a higher proportion of garlic oil. Version C has a proportion of garlic oil that lies between those of versions A and B. The garlic oil can further increase the repellent effect against insects. Nevertheless, all three versions contain the piperidine-containing active ingredient "Saltidin," so that effectiveness is guaranteed in every case, regardless of the garlic oil. Version D represents a special version without any fragrances, but with a higher proportion of active ingredients.Version D is therefore particularly suitable when there is a heavy insect infestation, for example due to special climatic conditions or when users want an odorless repellent.

[0053] Embodiment A of the repellent may in particular essentially comprise at least the following:

[0054] - at least one paraffin oil-containing emulsion base with a weight proportion of between 1.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0055] - at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight proportion of between 0.05% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0056] - at least one emulsifier with a weight proportion of between 0.01% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0057] - at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight proportion of between 10.0% and 15.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation, and

[0058] - Water.

[0059] Embodiment B of the repellent may in particular essentially comprise at least the following:

[0060] - at least one paraffin oil-containing emulsion base with a weight proportion of between 1.0% and 5.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0061] - at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight proportion of between 0.05% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0062] - at least one emulsifier with a weight proportion of between 0.01% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0063] - at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight proportion of between 10.0 wt.% and 15.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, garlic oil with a weight proportion of between 0.20 wt.% and

[0064] 0.40 wt%, and

[0065] Water.

[0066] Embodiment C of the repellent may in particular essentially comprise at least the following:

[0067] - at least one paraffin oil-containing emulsion base with a weight proportion of between 1.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0068] - at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight proportion of between 0.05% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0069] - at least one emulsifier with a weight proportion of between 0.01% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0070] - at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight proportion of between 10.0% and 15.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0071] - garlic oil with a weight content between 0.10% and 0.20%, and

[0072] - Water.

[0073] Optionally, embodiments A, B and C may comprise further additives, for example fragrances.

[0074] Embodiment D of the repellent may in particular essentially comprise at least the following:

[0075] - at least one paraffin oil-containing emulsion base with a weight proportion of between 1.0% and 5.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0076] - at least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight proportion of between 0.05% and 2.0% by weight based on a unit amount of the formulation,

[0077] - at least one emulsifier with a weight proportion of between 0.01 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, - at least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight proportion of between 15.0 wt.% and 25.0 wt.% based on a unit amount of the formulation, and

[0078] - Water.

[0079] In a particular embodiment, embodiment D may also comprise further additives, optionally also further fragrances mentioned here.

[0080] All versions of the repellent demonstrated a strong repellent effect against insects of the aforementioned species. The insect infestation was determined for horses sprayed with the repellent and for a control group that was left without the repellent. The control groups were otherwise exposed to the same conditions. After spraying, the insect infestation was measured and determined by counting for subsequent periods, particularly for the following 8 hours. The sprayed horses showed a significantly reduced insect infestation compared to the control group. The efficacy study was repeated several times. Different horse breeds and seasons (climatic conditions) were considered in the efficacy study. As expected, the repellent according to version D demonstrated even better efficacy compared to the repellent of versions A, B, and C.

[0081] In this application, reference may be made to quantities and numbers. Unless expressly stated, such quantities and numbers are not to be considered limiting, but rather as examples of the possible quantities or numbers in the context of this application. In this context, the term "plurality" may also be used in this application to refer to a quantity or number. In this context, the term "plurality" means any number greater than one, e.g., two, three, four, five, etc. The terms "about," "approximately," "near," etc., mean plus or minus 5% of the stated value.

[0082] Although the disclosure has been illustrated and described with respect to one or more embodiments, others skilled in the art will recognize equivalent changes and modifications upon reading and understanding this description. Although a particular feature of the disclosure has been disclosed with respect to only one of several embodiments, that feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for a given or particular application.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Repellent for horses containing a formulation that includes at least the following: A) At least one emulsion base with a weight fraction between 1.0 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% based on a unit quantity of the formulation, B) At least one acrylic acid-based stabilizer with a weight fraction between 0.05 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% based on a unit quantity of the formulation, C) At least one emulsifier with a weight fraction between 0.01 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% based on a unit quantity of the formulation, D) At least one piperidine-containing active ingredient with a weight fraction between 5.0 wt% and 30.0 wt% based on a unit quantity of the formulation, and E) Water.

2. Repellent for horses according to claim 1 characterized in that the formulation additionally comprises a fragrance mixture, wherein the fragrance mixture comprises garlic oil and at least one further fragrance oil.

3. Repellent for horses according to claim 2 characterized in that the weight fraction of garlic oil measured per unit quantity of the formulation is between 0.05 wt.% and 5.0 wt.%.

4. Repellent for horses according to claim 3 characterized in that the weight fraction of garlic oil measured per unit quantity of the formulation is between 0.15 wt.% and 0.3 wt.%.

5. Repellent for horses according to one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that the fragrance mixture additionally comprises at least one of lemon oil, clove oil, lavender oil, tea tree oil, cedar oil, eucalyptus oil, rapeseed oil or a combination thereof.

6. Repellent for horses according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight fraction of the piperidine-containing active ingredient measured on a unit quantity of the formulation between 12.5 wt.% and 22.5 wt.%. Repellent for horses according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifier comprises at least polypropylene glycol-16, capric acid, and triglycerides. Repellent for horses according to claim 7, characterized in that a weight fraction of polypropylene glycol-16, measured per unit amount of the emulsifier, is between 50.0 wt.% and 80.0 wt.%, and that a weight fraction of a mixture of capric acid and triglycerides, measured per unit amount of the emulsifier, is between 10.0 wt.% and 20.0 wt.%. Repellent for horses according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formulation additionally comprises sodium acetate with a weight fraction, measured per unit amount of the formulation, between 0.02 wt.% and 1.00 wt.%. Repellent for horses according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsion base comprises the following: A1) Paraffin oil with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base between 75.0 wt% and 80.0 wt%, A2) Potassium oleate with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 10.0 wt.% and 11.0 wt.%, A3) n-Pentanol with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 3.0 wt.% and 4.0 wt.%, A4) Ethanol with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 2.0 wt.% and 3.0 wt.%, A5) Ammonium oleate with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 0.2 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%. A6) Anise oil with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 1.0 wt.% and 2.0 wt.%, A7) Peppermint oil with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 1.0 wt.% and 2.0 wt.%, and A8) Rice oil with a weight fraction measured on a unit quantity of the emulsion base of 1.0 wt.% and 2.0 wt.%.

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