Method and control device for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20) in an energy supply system (10). The energy supply system (10) comprises: - a grid connection point (14) for connecting the energy supply system (10) to an external energy supply grid (12), - the electrical energy store (20), and - an internal circuit (22), which is connected to the electrical energy store (20), for connecting electrical loads, energy-generating units (32, 36, 52) and / or further electrical energy stores. The method comprises: - providing a virtual energy store having a capacitance corresponding to the energy store (20), - subdividing the virtual energy store into at least two separate virtual partial stores (42), - providing at least two virtual energy meters (44) which are each assigned to a virtual partial store (42), - receiving at least two target values for a virtual power exchange value for each virtual partial store (42), - adjusting the actual power exchange value of the energy store (20) on the basis of the sum of the at least two target values, - measuring the virtual power exchange values of the virtual partial stores (42) via the virtual energy meters (44) assigned in each case. The invention also relates to a control device (40) for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20), and to an energy supply system (10).

Description

[0001] METHOD AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR VIRTUALLY DIVISING AN ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The application relates to a method and a control device for operating an electrical energy storage device in an energy supply system and to an energy supply system with an energy storage device.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] An electrical energy storage device is a storage device that can absorb, store, and release electrical energy. Storage can be in chemical form, such as a battery. A storage device that can absorb and release electrical energy, such as a battery, is referred to below as an electrical energy storage device.

[0006] Electrical energy supply systems for properties are known to include a storage unit for storing electrical energy and, if applicable, an energy generation unit. The storage unit is generally considered a single unit and operated according to known operating strategies, for example, to provide the property with the most economical supply, to increase the property's own consumption of the energy supply system, or to feed electrical power into an energy supply grid. If the property includes multiple residential units, this allows for optimization for all the users in the property.

[0007] In principle, various options are known for using the storage facility by other external users, particularly those not belonging to the property. For example, a portion of the storage capacity can be reserved for a direct marketer. With direct marketing, the power exchanged between a property's energy supply system and an energy supply grid is remunerated under certain conditions. In particular, electrical energy fed into an energy supply grid can be sold via a direct marketer, for example, on an electricity exchange, where the electrical energy generated by the property's energy supply system is traded alongside electrical energy generated conventionally, e.g., in power plants of a commercial energy producer. The electricity exchange proceeds are paid out by the direct marketer to the operator of the property's energy supply system.Additionally or alternatively, control power can be offered via direct marketing, whereby the power exchanged between the energy supply system and the energy supply network can be influenced as needed and this possibility of influencing and, if applicable, the deviation from the unaffected power is remunerated.

[0008] For billing purposes for direct marketing, it is essential to record the quantity of relevant exchanged electrical energy. This recording can take place, for example, at the grid connection point of the energy supply system. However, this can give rise to several problems, particularly if other electrical consumers and / or generators are connected to the same grid connection point as the storage system, and / or if the energy stored in the storage system is accessed simultaneously by multiple control systems. For example, direct control of the storage system, i.e., direct influencing of the power exchanged with the storage system by the direct marketer, does not necessarily lead to a detectable effect at the grid connection point if, at the same time, an internal energy manager is accessing the storage system in the opposite way.This can be the case, for example, if the direct marketer requests a battery discharge and the internal energy manager, which aims to achieve the highest possible self-consumption, uses the increased discharge power to charge an electric car.

[0009] JP2007295650 discloses dividing an energy storage system assigned to an apartment building into virtual energy storage systems assigned to individual apartments. The energy consumption of individual apartments is recorded using a dedicated energy meter and stored in a database.

[0010] TASK

[0011] The application is based on the task of further improving the operation of electrical energy storage systems in a property's energy supply system.

[0012] SOLUTION

[0013] The object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 or by a control device having the features of independent patent claim 10, as well as by a power supply system according to claim 16. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent patent claims.

[0014] DESCRIPTION

[0015] In a method for the virtual division of an electrical energy storage device in a

[0016] The energy supply system includes the energy supply system:

[0017] - a grid connection point for connecting the energy supply system to an external energy supply network,

[0018] - the electrical energy storage,

[0019] - an internal circuit connected to the electrical energy storage device for connecting electrical loads, energy generation units and / or other electrical energy storage devices.

[0020] The procedure includes:

[0021] - Provision of a virtual energy storage device with a capacity corresponding to the energy storage device,

[0022] - Dividing the virtual energy storage into at least two separate virtual partial storage units,

[0023] - Provision of at least two virtual energy measuring devices, each of which is assigned to a virtual partial memory,

[0024] - Receiving at least two setpoints for one virtual exchange power each for one virtual partial storage,

[0025] - Setting the real exchange power of the energy storage device based on the sum of at least two target values,

[0026] - Recording the virtual exchange power of the virtual partial storages by the respective assigned virtual energy measuring devices.

[0027] This makes it possible to integrate and operate the electrical energy storage device into an energy supply system in such a way that the exchange of electrical power with the energy storage device can be precisely managed for different parties (subscribers) on an individual basis, without the simultaneous use of the energy storage device by different parties leading to conflicts. Through the exchange of electrical power, electrical energy is withdrawn from or supplied to the energy storage device. The method therefore makes it possible to operate the electrical energy storage device in such a way that different parties can withdraw energy from it and / or feed it into the energy storage device, and that the withdrawal and / or feed-in can be precisely managed and recorded on an individual basis. Due to the virtual energy measuring devices provided, the actual physical measurement of the energy exchanged between the energy storage device and the energy storage device can be relied upon.The respective virtual partial storage and the individual parties can be waived for the services or energies exchanged between them. This can mean, in particular, that the respective billing of the energy fed in and / or withdrawn by the parties is carried out precisely using the virtual energy meters and / or that the energy withdrawal or feed-in can be individually optimized for each party using the target values. This can, for example, enable the sale of energy and / or control power on an electricity exchange via a direct marketer, and that this direct marketing can be precisely adjusted and billed based on the virtual partial storage and the virtual exchange services.This can also mean that in a property, individual participation in the real energy storage system can also be managed individually using the virtual partial storage systems, especially if the energy storage system is charged with locally generated energy not only by energy extraction but also by an energy generation system located centrally in the property and / or individually by the parties.

[0028] The virtual energy measuring devices are each assigned to a virtual partial storage device and are designed to virtually record and register the power exchange with the respective assigned virtual partial storage device. The virtual partial storage devices and thus the virtual energy measuring devices can thus be assigned to parties that exchange electrical energy with the energy storage device. A party can generate the setpoint assigned to the virtual partial storage device and / or the setpoint can be generated for the party. A party can be, for example, an electrical load on the internal circuit or, for example, an energy manager on the internal circuit or, for example, an external direct provider. The virtual energy measuring devices can record the respective power exchange of the party with the assigned virtual partial storage device using the respective setpoints.

[0029] In one embodiment of the method, at least one setpoint is received from within the energy supply system and / or from outside the energy supply system. The setpoints specify the power requested by the party during the energy exchange with the energy storage device. The setpoint can be received internally and / or externally, depending on whether the requesting party is located within the energy supply system or outside the energy supply system. In this context, "received from within" means that the sender or generator of the setpoint is located within the energy supply system, i.e., on the system side of the grid connection point, for example, an internal circuit of the property, such as an apartment.In this context, receiving from outside means that the sender or generator of the setpoint is located outside the energy supply system, i.e. on the grid side of the grid connection point, for example a direct marketer.

[0030] In one embodiment, the setpoints comprise external setpoints for an external exchange of power between the energy storage device and the energy supply grid and / or internal setpoints for an internal exchange of power between the energy storage device and the internal circuit. In this context, an internal setpoint means that the power exchange with the energy storage device specified by the internal setpoint remains within the energy supply system and does not pass the grid connection point of the energy supply system. In this context, an external setpoint means that the power exchange with the energy storage device specified by the external setpoint takes place outside the energy supply system and passes the grid connection point of the energy supply system. External setpoints are preferably received from outside the energy supply system and internal setpoints are preferably received from within the energy supply system.

[0031] In one embodiment, one of the virtual partial storage units is assigned to an internal energy manager of the power supply system, and the setpoint for the exchange power for the virtual partial storage unit assigned to the internal energy manager is generated by the internal energy manager. The setpoint generated by the internal energy manager is an internal setpoint.

[0032] The internal energy manager controls the power flow in the internal circuit and serves as the control center for intelligent energy management. The energy supply system can, in particular, additionally include a power generation unit, such as a photovoltaic system, whose energy generation can be advantageously taken into account in energy management. The internal energy manager can thus monitor the energy flows in the internal circuit with loads, energy storage, and power generation unit, automatically identify savings potential, and enable simple and efficient energy use, e.g., of the energy generated by the power generation unit, thus improving operation.

[0033] In one embodiment, one of the virtual storage units is assigned to an external direct marketer, and the target value for the exchange power for the virtual storage unit assigned to the external direct marketer is generated by the external direct marketer. The target value generated by the external direct marketer is an external target value.

[0034] In one embodiment, the virtual partial storage units are assigned to different electrical loads of the internal circuit, wherein the different electrical loads are preferably assigned to different structural units of a property. The structural units can be, for example, self-contained apartments of the property and / or other units such as separate commercial spaces, etc. In this embodiment, such an electrical load can in particular also be the entirety of electrical installations assigned to the structural unit. The load, which is designed as the entirety of electrical installations of a structural unit, can in particular include communal facilities such as stairwell or outdoor lighting, an elevator or central heating or their control systems, and preferably has a real energy meter in order to be able to record the energy consumed by the electrical load.

[0035] In one embodiment, the virtual storage units have virtual storage capacities, with the sum of the virtual storage capacities corresponding to the capacity of the energy storage unit. Thus, the total capacity of the virtual energy storage unit is divided among the virtual storage units.

[0036] In further embodiments, the actual exchange power of the various electrical loads with the internal circuit is determined using respective real energy measuring devices, wherein the virtual exchange power of the virtual partial storage devices depends on the respective measured real exchange power of the respective electrical load. The virtual energy measuring devices assigned to the respective virtual partial storage devices record the virtual exchange power as a function of the respective target value and the measured real exchange power with the internal circuit. This allows for better detection of the case in which the respective target value deviates from the actual exchange power with the energy storage device.

[0037] In one embodiment, the power supply system comprises a power generation unit, and the internal setpoint depends on the power generated by the power generation unit. This is particularly advantageous when an internal energy manager controls the power exchange in the internal circuit.

[0038] In a control unit for the virtual division of an electrical energy storage device in a power supply system, the power supply system comprises:

[0039] - a grid connection point for connecting the energy supply system to an external energy supply network,

[0040] - an electrical energy storage device,

[0041] - an internal circuit connected to the electrical energy storage device for connecting electrical loads, energy generation units and / or other electrical energy storage devices,

[0042] The control unit is designed and configured:

[0043] - to provide a virtual energy storage device with a capacity corresponding to the energy storage device,

[0044] - to divide the virtual energy storage into at least two separate virtual sub-storage units,

[0045] - provide at least two virtual energy meters, each assigned to a virtual partial storage,

[0046] - to receive at least two setpoints for one virtual exchange power each for one virtual partial storage,

[0047] - to set the actual exchange power of the energy storage system based on the sum of at least two target values,

[0048] - to record the virtual exchange power of the virtual partial storage units using the respectively assigned virtual energy measuring devices. The virtual energy measuring devices are each assigned to a virtual partial storage unit and are designed to virtually record and register the power exchange with the respective assigned virtual partial storage unit. The virtual energy measuring devices themselves and / or the control unit can also be configured to balance the power exchanged with the virtual partial storage units and determine a virtual state of charge of the virtual partial storage units. The virtual partial storage units and thus the virtual energy measuring devices can thus be assigned to parties that exchange electrical energy with the energy storage unit and generate the associated setpoints. This can be, for example, an electrical load on the internal circuit or, for example, an energy manager on the internal circuit or, for example, an external direct provider.

[0049] In one embodiment of the control unit, the setpoint values ​​comprise at least one external setpoint value for an external exchange power between the energy storage device and the energy supply network and / or at least one internal setpoint value for an internal exchange power between the energy storage device and the internal circuit, wherein the at least one external setpoint value is preferably receivable from outside the energy supply system and the at least one internal setpoint value is preferably receivable from within the energy supply system.

[0050] In one embodiment, the control unit is designed and configured to receive the at least one internal setpoint from an energy manager of the energy supply system. The energy manager can, for example, be arranged in the control unit or connected to the internal circuit as a device or part of a device.

[0051] In one embodiment, the control device is designed and configured to record the measurement data of an energy measuring device at the grid connection point, wherein the energy measuring device at the grid connection point is designed and configured to measure the energy exchanged between the energy supply system and the energy supply network.

[0052] In one embodiment, the control unit is designed and configured to acquire measurement data from a power measuring device of the energy storage device, wherein the power measuring device of the energy storage device is designed and configured to measure the exchange power of the energy storage device. This actual exchange power of the actual energy storage device can correspond to the sum of the target values ​​of the exchange powers and can include internally and externally requested components. Using additional energy measuring devices, e.g., at the loads and / or at the grid connection point, actual exchange powers can be accurately acquired and related to the virtual exchange powers.A power supply system connected to an external power grid via a grid connection point may include an electrical energy storage device and an internal circuit connected to the electrical energy storage device for connecting electrical loads, power generation units, and / or other electrical energy storage devices. The operation of the energy storage device can be managed using the previously described control unit.

[0053] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

[0054] In the following, the application is further explained and described using exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

[0055] Fig. 1 shows schematically a method for the virtual division of an electrical energy storage device,

[0056] Figs. 2-4 show schematic embodiments of the power supply system.

[0057] In the figures, identical or similar elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0058] FIGURE DESCRIPTION

[0059] Fig. 1 shows a method for the virtual division of an electrical energy storage device 20 in an energy supply system 10. The method comprises: a) providing a virtual energy storage device with a capacity corresponding to a real electrical energy storage device 20, b) dividing the virtual energy storage device into at least two separate, virtual partial storage devices 42, c) providing at least two virtual energy measuring devices 44, each of which is assigned to a virtual partial storage device 42, d) receiving at least two target values ​​for a virtual exchange power for a virtual partial storage device 42, e) setting the real exchange power of the energy storage device 20 based on the sum of the at least two target values, f) detecting the virtual exchange powers of the virtual partial storage devices 42 by the respectively assigned virtual energy measuring devices 44.

[0060] The recording of the exchange power of the virtual partial storage units 42 by the respectively assigned virtual energy measuring devices 44 according to f) is carried out by mathematical determination and optional display depending on the respective target values. From the recorded exchange powers, the virtual charge states of the virtual partial storage units can also be determined by balancing and, if necessary, made available to the parties or the energy managers assigned to the parties, in particular for further planning the use of the respective virtual partial storage units.

[0061] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the energy supply system 10. The energy supply system 10 has a grid connection point 14 for connecting the energy supply system 10 to an external energy supply network 12 operated by an energy supplier 18, the internal circuit 22, and a control unit 40. A generator 36, for example a combined heat and power generation unit or a combined heat and power plant, an electric car 34, a PV system 32 with inverter 28, a load 24, the electrical energy storage unit 20 with inverter 26, and an energy manager 30 are connected to the internal circuit 22. The units 36, 34, 32, 20, 28, 24 connected to the internal circuit 22 are connected to one another and to the energy supply network 12 via lines 38 for exchanging electrical power. In the example shown, the generator 36 and the PV system 32 are energy generation units. In Fig.2, the dashed line shows a communication connection of the energy manager 30 to the units 36, 34, 32 managed by it as well as to the virtual partial storage 42 and virtual energy measuring device 44 of the control unit 40 assigned to it. A communication connection between the energy manager 30 and the energy storage 20 is not necessary.

[0062] The internal circuit 22 thus comprises the entire physical installation involved in the exchange of electrical power within a property. The electrical load 24 is depicted as a single consumer in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 2, but can also be implemented as a separate subcircuit of a structural unit and comprise multiple connected electrical consumers and / or generators.

[0063] An energy measuring device 16 is arranged at the grid connection point 14, which is designed as a calibrated meter and serves the energy supplier 18, which is symbolically represented here as a data center, for billing the entire energy exchange between the energy supply system 10 and the energy supply network 12.

[0064] The control unit 40 is designed and configured to carry out the method described with reference to Fig. 1. The control unit 40 has a computing unit 46 that processes real exchange powers, in particular at the grid connection point 14 and at the energy storage device 20, as well as internal and / or external target values, and represents the energy storage device 20 as several separate virtual partial storage devices 42. The processing and control of the real exchange powers is represented in Fig. 2 by the dotted line between the computing unit 46, the energy storage device 20, and the grid connection point 14. Exchange powers are virtually recorded by virtual energy measuring devices 44. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the representation of the virtual partial storage devices 42 and, if applicable, the entire energy storage device 20 is carried out to the internal (local) energy manager 30 and to a direct marketer 50.The representation may include a transmission of the charge state of the respective virtual partial memory 42.

[0065] In the energy supply system 10 for a property shown in Fig. 2, the energy storage device 20 is used in parallel by the operator of the energy supply system 10 for internal purposes, e.g., energy management, self-consumption and / or tenant electricity, etc., and by another external user for commercial purposes. External use is illustrated using the example of the direct marketer 50, who is symbolically represented here as a person, but usually comprises a more or less automated device (e.g., a server connected to an electricity exchange and / or an energy supplier 18 for requesting and providing control power). The direct marketing of control power involves the provision of control power, which serves in particular as a reserve to compensate for fluctuations in the supply grid 12.When providing control power, power can be fed into the energy supply grid 12 as well as withdrawn from the energy supply grid 12. In the example shown, the corresponding energy is withdrawn from the energy storage device 20 or charged into it. The control unit 40 can, in particular, avoid and / or resolve conflicts between the use of the energy storage device 20 by the operator of the energy supply system 10 and by the external user 50.

[0066] The external user, e.g., the direct marketer 50, can access the virtual partial storage 42 assigned to it, in particular via a standardized communication interface, and specify requirements for use, e.g., direct control of the power, reliability of availability, and / or verification of the exchanged energy / exchanged power. The power output and / or power consumption are controlled using an external setpoint. The control unit 40 enables reliable direct control of the virtual partial storage 42 by the direct marketer 50, as well as simple verification of the power exchange requested via the setpoint via the virtual energy meter 44.

[0067] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the energy supply system 10. The energy supply system 10 has a grid connection point 14 for connecting the energy supply system 10 to an external energy supply network 12 operated by an energy supplier 18, the internal circuit 22, and a control unit 40. Connected to the internal circuit 22 are a PV system 32 with an inverter 28 and energy meter 58, two loads 24, each with an energy meter 26, the electrical energy storage device 20 with an inverter 28 and energy meter 56, and the energy manager 30. The units 32, 28, 58, 24, 26, 56 connected to the internal circuit 22 are connected to one another and to the energy supply network 12 via lines 38 for the exchange of electrical power.3, the dashed line shows the connection of the energy manager 30 to the energy generation unit 32 managed by it as well as to the virtual partial storage units 42 and virtual energy measuring devices 44 of the control unit 40 influenced by it.

[0068] The respective loads 24 are each connected to the internal circuit 22 via an energy measuring device 26. These energy measuring devices 26 serve purposes within the internal circuit, i.e. between units of the internal circuit that are connected via lines 38. This can mean, for example, the relative billing of the consumption of individual residential units represented by the loads 24 by a property management company, a current display of power flows and / or recommendations for residents for economically advantageous operation within the residential units represented as loads 24. For this purpose, further communication connections (not shown here) can be set up, in particular between the energy measuring devices 26 and display or control devices (not shown), in particular in the residential units represented as loads 24.

[0069] The energy meter 58 connects the energy generation unit 32, configured as a PV system, to the internal circuit 22 via the inverter 28. If necessary, another storage unit can be connected to the inverter 28 of the energy generation unit 32 in parallel with the PV system shown. The energy meter 56 connects the energy storage unit 20 to the internal circuit 22 via the inverter 28. The energy meters 56, 58 are measuring devices for internal control purposes, which may be certified, e.g., according to the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), if this is necessary for regulatory billing.

[0070] The control unit 40 is designed and configured to carry out the method described with reference to Fig. 1. The control unit 40 has a computing unit 46 which processes real exchange power, in particular at the grid connection point 14 and at the energy storage device 20, as well as internal setpoints, and represents the energy storage device 20 as a plurality of separate virtual partial storage devices 42. The internal setpoints can be provided by the energy manager 30 and, if applicable, by further energy managers assigned to the individual loads 24 and not shown here. In particular, individual virtual partial storage devices 42 can each be assigned to the individual loads 24. The processing of the real exchange power and its control based on the internal setpoints is represented in Fig. 3 by the dotted line between the computing unit 46 and the energy storage device 20. Exchange power is recorded virtually by virtual energy measuring devices 44.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the energy storage unit 20 and the virtual partial storage units 42 are represented relative to the local energy management system and relative to the loads 24, which may be configured, for example, as residential units.

[0071] With the energy supply system 10 shown, a property with several residential units, represented in Fig. 3 as loads 24, can be supplied with electrical energy. The residential units can be supplied with so-called tenant electricity, i.e. the supply, in particular full supply, of the residential units can be provided by the operator of the energy supply system 10 of the property without there being a contractual relationship between the residents and an external electricity provider. This can be done in particular by means of internal billing using the control unit 40. The energy exchange between the energy supply system 10 of the property and the energy supply grid 12 can be billed centrally via the operator of the energy supply system 10 of the property, at least for the tenant electricity participants without their own contract with an external electricity provider.In addition, a virtual partial storage unit 42 can be assigned to each tenant electricity participant for use in the context of energy management of the individual loads 24.

[0072] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the energy supply system 10. This exemplary embodiment represents, for example, the energy supply system 10 of a property with several units represented as loads 24, e.g., residential units. For this exemplary embodiment, the supply of the units 24, e.g., residential units, can also be provided with so-called tenant electricity, in which the supply, in particular the full supply of the residential units, can be provided by the operator of the energy supply system 10 of the property. This means, in particular, that the supply can be provided with "internal" billing by the operator of the energy supply system 10 and without a contractual relationship between the users of the residential units 24 and an external electricity provider.The energy exchange between the property's energy supply system 10 and the energy supply network 12 can be billed "internally" via the operator of the property's energy supply system 10, at least for the tenant electricity participants (parties) without their own contract with an external electricity provider.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiment, however, unit 62 does not participate in the described tenant electricity model. Unit 62 is connected to grid connection point 14 via energy meter 64 and maintains contractual and billing relationships directly with an external electricity provider. The loads 24, configured as units, are connected to lines 38 of internal circuit 22 via respective energy meters 26. The property's energy supply system 10 includes stationary storage 20, which is connected to the lines of internal circuit 22 via inverter 28 and energy meter 56. Energy storage 20 is managed by control unit 40 and used to support the energy supply to loads 24, e.g., the residential units.The energy generation system 10 also includes a PV system 32 and a combined heat and power generation unit 52, which are connected to the lines 38 of the internal circuit 22 via respective energy measuring devices 58. The energy generation units 32, 52, such as the PV systems 32 or the combined heat and power generation unit 52, are also managed by the control unit 40 and / or the energy manager 30. The energy manager 30 can be arranged in the control unit 40.

[0074] An energy meter 68 connects the internal circuit 22 to the grid connection point 14. Optionally, the grid connection point 14 can have an energy meter 16. The energy exchanged through the internal circuit 22 with the supply grid 12 can be measured via the energy meter 68. The energy exchanged through the loads 24, the storage device 20, and the PV system 32 with the supply grid 12 is recorded via an energy meter 60. It is understood that the control unit 40 can be connected to the measuring devices 60, 68, 26, 16 as needed to receive corresponding measured values; the necessary communication connections are not shown in Fig. 4 for the sake of clarity.

[0075] The control unit 40 divides the storage 20 into virtual partial storages 42: one virtual partial storage 42 for each residential unit 24 participating in the tenant electricity supply; one virtual partial storage 42 for common consumption of the property, e.g., corridor lighting, operating current, etc.; one virtual partial storage 42 for further activities, e.g., direct marketing, as described, for example, in relation to Fig. 2.

[0076] A virtual energy meter 44 is assigned to each of the virtual partial storage units 42 (see Figs. 2 and 3). The virtual partial storage units 42 are used according to an operating strategy, e.g., by an energy manager 30, for sensible energy and / or cost-effective operation. Each unit is assigned a (virtual) share of the (physical) storage unit 20 and, if applicable, of the generation by the PV system and / or combined heat and power plant 52. This allows tenants / owners / users of a residential unit to benefit from self-consumption regulation for temporarily stored and, if applicable, self-generated electricity. Within the framework of the operating strategy, the supply to the residential units 24 is billed according to the types of supply, i.e., the share of consumption in the respective residential unit 24 from grid supply, temporarily stored energy drawn from the energy storage unit 20, and, if applicable, from direct supply from an energy generation unit 32, 52.For this purpose, the control unit 40 receives setpoints for each of the virtual partial storage units 42 and records the power exchange for each unit 24 with the associated virtual partial storage unit 42 by means of the virtual energy measuring device 44. For this purpose, information from one or more additional energy measuring devices 26, 60, 56, 58, 68 can also be taken into account.

[0077] The energy manager 30 can perform its own optimization locally for the individual loads 24 and, in particular, generate internal target values ​​for the power exchange between the respective load 24 and the energy storage device 20. In this embodiment, the respective virtual partial storage device 42 is then managed like a separate physical storage device and optimized for the energy consumption of the respective load 24. In particular, the energy manager 30 can thus implement separate, independent management of the virtual partial storage devices 42.

[0078] The energy manager 30 can, alternatively or in addition to local energy management, implement central energy management, which then manages the storage unit 20 and the energy consumption of the internal circuit 22 as a whole. This can optionally include a generation and / or load forecast, in particular for air conditioning the property with a heat pump or similar.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, individual or all residential units 24 may have individual energy managers, which in particular enable the optimization of the use of the virtual partial storage 42 assigned to the respective residential unit 24. It is understood that the individual energy managers may be communicatively connected to the control unit 40 for this purpose, in particular to transmit internal setpoints to the control unit 40 and, if necessary, to receive information from the control unit 40, for example the charge state of the respective virtual partial storage 42. Such individual energy managers and their communication connections are not shown in Fig. 4 for the sake of clarity.

[0080] In further embodiments, the division of the energy storage unit 20 into virtual partial storage units 24 can be changed as needed. For example, a tenant of a residential unit 24 that participates in the tenant electricity supply of the property and to which a virtual partial storage unit 42 is assigned can decide to withdraw from the tenant electricity supply and be supplied directly by an energy supplier 18. As a result, the partial storage unit 42 formerly assigned to this residential unit 24 becomes free and can, in particular, be assigned to a storage pool that is used, for example, for direct marketing. This has the advantage, among other things, that no changes are made to the tenant electricity model for all other residential units 24, so that they retain, in particular, their share of the energy storage unit 20 in the form of the respective virtual partial storage unit 42.Conversely, it is possible that a residential unit previously supplied directly by an energy supplier 18, for example, load 62 according to Fig. 4, decides to participate in the tenant electricity model and accordingly claims a virtual partial storage unit 42. For this purpose, a suitable portion of the energy storage unit 20 can then be allocated to this residential unit from a storage pool used, for example, for direct marketing. In both cases, no change to the conditions for the other parties in the property is necessary.In one embodiment, the energy storage unit 20 is divided into a first virtual partial storage unit 42 for the communal consumption of the property, a second virtual partial storage unit 42 for direct marketing and further virtual partial storage units 42 for the residential units 24 participating in the tenant electricity model, wherein the virtual partial storage unit 24 intended for direct marketing can be used as a storage pool for any additional or discontinued participants in the tenant electricity model.

[0081] In a further embodiment, the energy supply system 10 or the internal circuit 22 can have charging stations for electric vehicles. These charging stations can be permanently or as needed assigned to the individual residential units 24, even without being physically connected to them, whereby the assignment to the residential units 24 can be achieved, for example, through dedicated parking spaces and / or via an identification mechanism, e.g., a charging card. The charging stations can be bidirectionally operated and can both feed electrical power into electric vehicle batteries and draw power from the electric vehicle batteries for use in the respective residential units 24. Billing for this power exchange via such charging stations can be analogous to billing for the energy consumption of the residential units 24.

[0082] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0083] Energy supply system

[0084] Energy supply network

[0085] Grid connection point

[0086] Energy meter at the grid connection point

[0087] Energy supplier

[0088] Energy storage internal circuit

[0089] load

[0090] Energy meter

[0091] Inverter

[0092] Energy manager

[0093] PV system

[0094] electric vehicle

[0095] generator

[0096] Line

[0097] Control unit virtual partial memory virtual energy meter

[0098] Computing unit

[0099] direct marketers

[0100] Combined heat and power plant

[0101] Energy storage energy meter

[0102] Energy meter

[0103] Energy meter

[0104] load

[0105] Energy meter

[0106] Energy meter

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS Method for virtually dividing an electrical energy storage device (20) in a power supply system (10), wherein the power supply system (10) comprises: - a network connection point (14) for connecting the energy supply system (10) to an external energy supply network (12), - the electrical energy storage (20), - an internal circuit (22) connected to the electrical energy storage device (20) for connecting electrical loads (24), power generation units (32, 36, 52) and / or further electrical energy storage devices, the method comprising: - Provision of a virtual energy storage device with a capacity corresponding to the energy storage device (20), - Dividing the virtual energy storage into at least two separate, virtual sub-storage units (42), - Provision of at least two virtual energy meters (44), each of which is assigned to a virtual submemory (42), - Receiving at least two setpoints for each virtual exchange power for each virtual submemory (42), - Setting the actual exchange power of the energy storage device (20) based on the sum of at least two setpoint values, - Acquisition of the virtual exchange rates of the virtual substorage units (42) by the respective assigned virtual energy meters (44). Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one setpoint is received from within the power supply system and / or from outside the power supply system. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the setpoints comprise external setpoints for an external exchange rate between the energy storage unit (20) and the power supply network (12) and / or internal setpoints for an internal exchange rate between the energy storage unit (20) and the internal circuit (22), wherein external setpoints are preferably received from outside the power supply system (10) and internal setpoints are preferably received from within the power supply system (10).Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the virtual substorage units (42) is assigned to an internal energy manager (30) of the energy supply system and the setpoint for the exchange power for the internal. The virtual substorage (42) assigned to the energy manager (30) is received by the internal energy manager (30). A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the virtual substorage units (42) is assigned to an external direct marketer (50) and the setpoint for the exchange power for the virtual substorage unit (42) assigned to the external direct marketer (50) is received by the external direct marketer (50). A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the virtual substorage units (42) are assigned to different electrical loads (24) of the internal circuit (22), wherein the different electrical loads (24) are preferably assigned to different building units of a property, wherein in particular each building unit of the property is assigned a respective virtual substorage unit (42) and / or further virtual substorage units (42) are assigned to the external direct marketer (50) and, if applicable, to other building units.are assigned to communal facilities of the property. Method according to claim 6, wherein the virtual sub-storage units have virtual storage capacities, the sum of the virtual storage capacities corresponding to the capacity of the energy storage unit (20). Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the actual exchange powers of the various electrical loads (24) with the internal circuit (22) are determined by means of respective energy measuring devices (26), wherein the virtual exchange powers of the virtual sub-storage units (42) depend on the respective measured actual exchange powers of the respective electrical load (24). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy supply system (10) comprises an energy generation unit (32, 36, 52) and the internal setpoint depends on the generated power of the energy generation unit (32, 36, 52).Control unit (40) for virtually dividing an electrical energy storage device (20) in a power supply system (10), wherein the power supply system (10) comprises:. - a network connection point (14) for connecting the energy supply system (10) to an external energy supply network (12), - an electrical energy storage device (20), - an internal circuit (22) connected to the electrical energy storage device (20) for connecting electrical loads, power generation units (32, 36, 52) and / or further electrical energy storage devices (20), wherein the control unit (40) is designed and configured, - to provide a virtual energy storage device with a capacity corresponding to the energy storage device (20), - to divide the virtual energy storage into at least two separate, virtual sub-storage units (42), - to provide at least two virtual energy meters (44), each of which is assigned to a virtual sub-memory (42), - to receive at least two setpoints for each virtual exchange rate for each virtual submemory (42), - to adjust the actual exchange power of the energy storage (20) based on the sum of at least two setpoint values, - to detect the virtual exchange rates of the virtual substorage units (42) by means of the respective associated virtual energy meters (44). Control unit according to claim 10, wherein the setpoints comprise at least one external setpoint for an external exchange rate between the energy storage unit (20) and the power supply network (12) and / or at least one internal setpoint for an internal exchange rate between the energy storage unit (20) and the internal circuit (22), wherein the at least one external setpoint is preferably receivable from outside the power supply system (10) and the at least one internal setpoint is preferably receivable from within the power supply system (10). Control unit according to claim 11, wherein the control unit (40) is designed and configured to receive the at least one internal setpoint from an energy manager (30) of the power supply system (10).Control unit according to claim 12, wherein the energy manager (30) is arranged in the control unit (40). Control unit according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the control unit (40) is configured and set up to acquire the measurement data of an energy meter (16, 68) at the grid connection point (14), wherein the energy meter (16, 68) at the grid connection point (14) is configured and set up to measure the energy exchanged between the power supply system (10) and the power supply network (12). Control unit according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the control unit (40) is configured and set up to acquire measurement data of a power meter (56) of the energy storage device (20), wherein the power meter (56) of the energy storage device (20) is configured and set up to measure the exchange power of the energy storage device (20). Energy supply system (10) which is connected to an external energy supply network (12) via a network connection point (14), comprising an electrical energy storage device (20), an internal circuit (22) connected to the electrical energy storage device (20) for connecting electrical loads, energy generation units (32, 36, 52) and / or further electrical energy storage devices, and a control unit (40) according to one of claims 10 to 15.

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