System for a carbon dioxide transport path and carbon dioxide infrastructure

Abstract

A system for a carbon dioxide transport system comprising multiple transport sections (10, 20) is described. The system includes a first carbon dioxide sensor (31) at a starting point of the carbon dioxide transport system, a second carbon dioxide sensor (32) between two adjacent transport sections (10, 20) of the carbon dioxide transport system, a third carbon dioxide sensor (33) at an end point of the carbon dioxide transport system, and a processing device (40) configured to acquire data from the carbon dioxide sensors (31, 32, 33). A carbon dioxide infrastructure is also described.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide infrastructure comprising a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide transport route. BACKGROUND

[0002] The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere has raised significant concerns about its role in global climate change and its associated environmental impacts. The combustion of fossil fuels for energy production, industrial processes, and the transportation sector contributes significantly to increased carbon dioxide emissions. The urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change has led to the exploration of various carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies.

[0003] One of the fundamental challenges associated with CCUS technologies is the efficient transport of captured carbon dioxide from emission sources, such as power plants, industrial facilities, and carbon capture devices, to suitable storage or utilization sites. Transporting carbon dioxide over long distances, often across diverse geographical and environmental conditions, requires a reliable, safe, and economical transportation system that minimizes leakage, operational risks, and environmental impacts.

[0004] Conventional methods for transporting carbon dioxide involve the use of tank trucks, rail cars, or ships to transport liquefied or compressed carbon dioxide. While these methods can be effective for short distances, they have limitations regarding scalability, energy efficiency, and potential safety risks. Furthermore, these methods can lead to increased emissions due to energy requirements and potential leaks during the transportation process.

[0005] To address these challenges, pipeline-based carbon dioxide transportation systems are increasingly being used. Pipelines offer advantages, including increased capacity, reduced emissions, increased safety through a closed transportation system, and the ability to utilize existing pipeline infrastructure where available. However, transporting carbon dioxide through pipelines presents its own technical challenges, such as ensuring pipeline integrity, preventing corrosion, and managing the unique properties of carbon dioxide as a transportation medium.

[0006] The known transport methods for carbon dioxide described above have the disadvantage that the transport of carbon dioxide from the beginning to the end of the carbon dioxide transport route can only be monitored with relatively great effort. OUTLINE OF REVELATION

[0007] The present disclosure is based on the object of providing a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide infrastructure with a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide transport route, with the aid of which a transport of carbon dioxide can be easily monitored from the beginning to the end of a carbon dioxide transport route.

[0008] To achieve this object, a system for a carbon dioxide transport route comprising a plurality of transport sections is proposed, the system comprising: a first carbon dioxide sensor at a starting point of the carbon dioxide transport route, a second carbon dioxide sensor between two adjacent transport sections of the carbon dioxide transport route, a third carbon dioxide sensor at an end point of the carbon dioxide transport route, and a processing device configured to acquire data from the carbon dioxide sensors.

[0009] The carbon dioxide can be liquefied or compressed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).

[0010] The carbon dioxide transport route with the plurality of transport sections can include a pipeline, tanker transport, truck transport, and / or rail transport. The transport route consists of several interconnected sections, each of which fulfills a specific function to ensure the smooth and reliable transport of carbon dioxide.

[0011] The transport sections can include capture sections, connecting sections, main transport sections, distribution sections, storage sections, and / or utilization areas. Capture sections are located near carbon dioxide emission sources, such as coal-fired power plants or industrial facilities. They are responsible for capturing the carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gases of these sources. Various technologies, such as absorbents or adsorption, can be used to remove the carbon dioxide from the exhaust streams. Connecting sections transport the captured carbon dioxide from capture facilities to main transport lines. They can function as feeder lines or manifolds and ensure that the carbon dioxide from various sources is fed into the main stream.Main transport sections, for example, may include central pipelines that transport carbon dioxide over long distances from capture sources to storage or use sites. These sections may be equipped with safety devices and monitoring systems to detect and prevent leaks or other undesirable events. Once at storage or use facilities, the carbon dioxide can be transferred from the main transport pipelines to distribution sections. These sections distribute the carbon dioxide to different consumers or storage sites as needed. Storage sections are responsible for safely storing the transported carbon dioxide in suitable geological formations or other storage sites. This can be in former oil and gas fields, salt domes, or other underground formations where the carbon dioxide can be safely and permanently trapped.In some cases, transport routes may also include use areas where the transported carbon dioxide is used directly for industrial processes or for the carbon dioxide-based production of products. In such sections, the carbon dioxide is not stored but rather incorporated into chemical or industrial reactions.

[0012] The carbon dioxide sensors can be configured to determine the amount of carbon dioxide transported through the carbon dioxide transport line. The amount of carbon dioxide can be specified in kilograms (kg) or metric tons (t). These units indicate the weight or mass of the CO2 emitted or released. In some cases, particularly when it comes to industrial processes or energy production, the amount of carbon dioxide can also be specified in other units such as cubic meters (m3), especially when measuring gas volumes. If a quantity of carbon dioxide flows through a pipeline, the amount can be specified in volumetric flow units, for example, cubic meters per hour (m3 / h) or cubic meters per second (m3 / s), depending on how fast the gas flows through the pipeline.

[0013] The following sensor types can be used for carbon dioxide measurement: Infrared (IR) carbon dioxide sensors use the absorption of infrared light by carbon dioxide molecules to determine carbon dioxide levels. They can be installed in pipelines to continuously monitor carbon dioxide concentrations. NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) carbon dioxide sensors use a light source, a detector, and a measuring chamber to measure light absorption by carbon dioxide. Ultrasonic flow meters can be combined with a carbon dioxide detection function to measure not only flow but also carbon dioxide concentrations. Fiber optic carbon dioxide sensors use optical fibers to measure changes in light refraction or absorption by carbon dioxide.These sensors can be integrated into pipelines and enable monitoring over longer distances. Gas chromatographs can be used to accurately determine carbon dioxide concentrations in gas mixtures. They can also be used in industrial environments. Continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) can also be used.

[0014] The carbon dioxide sensors can also be configured to determine the quality of the carbon dioxide transported through the carbon dioxide transport line. The quality of the carbon dioxide can be specified in percent (%) or parts per million (ppm).

[0015] The measurement of carbon dioxide quality can be done using special sensors that are able to precisely measure the carbon dioxide concentration.

[0016] The following sensor types can be used for carbon dioxide quality determination: IR carbon dioxide sensors, capacitive carbon dioxide sensors (use a change in electrical capacitance due to the interaction of carbon dioxide with a dielectric), chemical carbon dioxide sensors, NDIR carbon dioxide sensors, fiber optic carbon dioxide sensors and ultrasonic flow meters with carbon dioxide detection.

[0017] Carbon dioxide sensors can also be used to measure both the quantity and quality of carbon dioxide.

[0018] The processing device can further be configured to receive the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors along with time information (time stamps). Additional data, such as location data, can be received along with the acquired data. The location data can be generated, for example, by a Global Positioning System (GPS) module.

[0019] To ensure that a carbon dioxide receiver receives a desired amount of carbon dioxide, the processing device can be configured to determine, based on the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors, a required quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide at the starting point of the carbon dioxide transport route in order to receive a specific quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route. For example, if a customer purchases a specific amount of carbon dioxide, they will want to receive exactly the purchased amount of carbon dioxide. However, this cannot be the case if the supplier only feeds the amount of carbon dioxide underlying the purchase into the carbon dioxide transport route at the starting point.

[0020] To avoid this problem, the system may comprise a first control device configured to control, depending on the processing device, a feed of carbon dioxide at the starting point of the carbon dioxide transport path. The first control device may, for example, comprise a valve that controls a feed of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source at the starting point into the carbon dioxide transport path.

[0021] If the processing device knows, for example based on the data recorded by the carbon dioxide sensors, that there are losses in quantity during the transport of the carbon dioxide, for example that with a quantity of 100% of the carbon dioxide fed into the carbon dioxide transport route at the starting point, only a quantity of 98% arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route, the processing device can specify to the first control device that correspondingly more carbon dioxide should be fed into the carbon dioxide transport route at the starting point so that the desired quantity of carbon dioxide, i.e. 100%, arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route (for example at a customer).

[0022] A similar approach can be applied to the quality of the carbon dioxide. If, for example, the processing device knows, based on the data recorded by the carbon dioxide sensors, that quality losses are occurring during the transport of the carbon dioxide, for example, that carbon dioxide fed into the carbon dioxide transport route with a purity of 100% at the starting point only arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route with a purity of 95%, the processing device can instruct the first control device to feed in correspondingly more or higher-quality carbon dioxide at the starting point of the carbon dioxide transport route so that carbon dioxide with the desired purity or concentration arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route (for example, at a customer's site).

[0023] To detect irregularities at an early stage, the processing device can further be configured to determine, based on the acquired data, at which location and / or in which area of ​​the carbon dioxide transport route the quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide is reduced the most. Based on this data, the affected location or area can be monitored or, if possible, temporarily bypassed.

[0024] The system may further comprise a second control device configured to control the carbon dioxide transport along the carbon dioxide transport route depending on the specific location and / or area. If, for example, the processing device knows, based on the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors, that a train carrying carbon dioxide has been at a station for several days and that the quantity and / or quality of the carbon dioxide is significantly reduced during this stop, the second control device can specify or suggest that the train leave the station earlier and continue its journey. In this case, the second control device may be a railway control system.

[0025] To detect and / or resolve problems at an early stage, the processing device can further be configured to detect an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route based on current and historically recorded data. In particular, historical measurement data from the carbon dioxide sensors can be stored in a database, and the processing device can compare this data with current data.

[0026] Furthermore, an artificial intelligence (AI) module can be included in the processing device for the early detection and / or remediation of problems in the carbon dioxide transport route and can be used as follows: Anomaly detection: AI models in the AI ​​module can be trained to recognize patterns and trends in the historical and current measurement data from carbon dioxide sensors. By analyzing this data, they can identify irregularities or anomalies that indicate potential problems in the carbon dioxide transport route. If deviations from the expected patterns are detected, the AI ​​module can generate an alarm to indicate potential problems.

[0027] Predicting maintenance needs: An AI module can be used to predict the condition of the carbon dioxide transport line. By analyzing data and using machine learning algorithms, the AI ​​module can predict when maintenance work is required to prevent problems. This enables proactive maintenance before a failure occurs.

[0028] Data integration: An AI module can integrate data from various sources, including historical measurement data, current sensor data, and optionally weather and / or traffic data. By linking and analyzing these data sources, the AI ​​module can provide a more comprehensive view of the carbon dioxide transport route and respond to potential problems early on.

[0029] Automated decision support: The AI ​​module can provide recommendations for correcting problems in the carbon dioxide transport route. Based on the detected irregularities and historical data, the AI ​​module can generate suggested solutions or recommended actions that can be considered by those responsible at the plant.

[0030] Continuous learning: AI models in the AI ​​module can continuously evolve by gathering new data and experience. This enables continuous improvement in recognition capabilities and prediction accuracy over time.

[0031] Overall, the AI ​​module can help increase the efficiency, reliability, and safety of carbon dioxide transport routes by responding to problems early and optimizing maintenance measures.

[0032] Furthermore, the data received from the carbon dioxide sensors may include location data, and the processing device may be configured to determine a location and / or an area of ​​an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route based on the location data.

[0033] To minimize environmental impacts, each carbon dioxide sensor can also be configured to output certified measurement data to the processing device. Carbon dioxide certification refers to the recording, monitoring, and confirmation of the quantity or quality of carbon dioxide determined by the carbon dioxide sensor. Certifications serve to measure and make the carbon dioxide quantity or quality transparent. Independent certification bodies can ensure that the carbon dioxide sensors record and output accurate measurement values.

[0034] For simple and centralized processing of the data collected by the carbon dioxide sensors, the processing device can be provided in a cloud server or an edge computer. In this case, each carbon dioxide sensor can comprise a communication device (e.g., a cellular module) configured to communicate with the cloud server or the edge computer. The collected data can also be stored in a blockchain. For this purpose, the carbon dioxide sensors and the cloud server or the edge computer can be configured to write data to and read data from the blockchain.

[0035] In order to be able to react immediately to changes and problems in the carbon dioxide transport route, the processing device can further be configured to collect and process the data in real time.

[0036] The task posed at the beginning is also solved by a carbon dioxide infrastructure that includes a system described above and a carbon dioxide transport route.

[0037] The carbon dioxide transport route can include a transition from a pipeline, a tanker transport, a truck transport and / or a rail transport to another pipeline, a tanker transport, a truck transport and / or a rail transport. At such transitions, there may be significant reductions in the quantity and / or quality of the transported carbon dioxide, so that measurement by one or more carbon dioxide sensors can increase transport efficiency. For example, at a transition, carbon dioxide is pumped from a ship's tank into a pipeline. A transition can also be a railway station where a train loaded with a carbon dioxide tank waits for a day until a new locomotive hauls the train onwards.

[0038] The aspects and variants described above can be combined without this being explicitly described. Each of the described embodiment variants is therefore to be considered optional to each embodiment variant or combinations thereof. The present disclosure is therefore not limited to the individual embodiments and variants in the described order or to a specific combination of the aspects and embodiment variants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further advantages, details and features of the devices, systems and infrastructure described here emerge from the following description of embodiments and the figure. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a carbon dioxide infrastructure with a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide transport route. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a carbon dioxide infrastructure with a system for a carbon dioxide transport route and a carbon dioxide transport route.

[0041] The carbon dioxide transport route comprises a starting point at an inlet 91, a first transport section 10 designed as a railway transport route, a transition 92, a second transport section 20 designed as a pipeline, and an outlet 93.

[0042] At the starting point at the inlet 91 there is a carbon dioxide separator 60 which extracts carbon dioxide, and at an end point at the outlet 93 there is an industrial plant 70 which processes carbon dioxide.

[0043] A first carbon dioxide sensor 31, a first communication device 41, and a valve 51 with a first control device 50 are arranged in the inlet 91. A second carbon dioxide sensor 32 and a second communication device 42 are arranged in the transition 92, which is located between the railway transport line 10 and the pipeline 20. A third carbon dioxide sensor 33 and a third communication device 43 are arranged in the outlet 93.

[0044] The Fig. 1 The system shown further comprises a processing device 40 arranged in a cloud server, a second control device 55 and a blockchain 80. Alternatively, the processing device 40 can also be arranged in an edge computer (in Fig. 1 not shown). The processing device 40 may further comprise an Artificial Intelligence (AI) module (in Fig. 1 not shown), which is designed for early detection and resolution of problems in the carbon dioxide transport route.

[0045] The carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33 are configured to measure the quantity and quality of the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide transport path at the inlet 91, the transition 92, and the outlet 93, respectively. The carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33 can be, for example, infrared carbon dioxide sensors. The measurement data is sent to the processing device 40 via the first, second, and third communication devices 41, 42, and 43. For this purpose, the first, second, and third communication devices 41, 42, and 43 can be configured, for example, as 5G communication modules. The cloud server with the processing device 40 comprises corresponding communication means for receiving the data from the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33.The processing device 40 may further be configured to receive the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33 along with time information (time stamps). Additional data, such as location data, may be sent to the processing device 40 along with the acquired data from the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33.

[0046] If a customer orders a specific quantity of a specific quality of carbon dioxide for their production facility 70, they expect to receive exactly the ordered quantity of the ordered quality of carbon dioxide. Since losses in the quantity and quality of the transported carbon dioxide occur during transport via transport routes 10 and 20 and during transfer 92 from transport route 10 to transport route 20, it is difficult for the carbon dioxide producer 60 to predict how much carbon dioxide of which quality must be fed into the inlet 91 via the valve 51 so that the ordered quantity of the ordered quality of carbon dioxide reaches the customer at the outlet 93.

[0047] To avoid this problem, the first control device 50 is provided, which is configured to control the feed of carbon dioxide at the starting point at the feed 91 of the carbon dioxide transport path depending on the measurement data of the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33 acquired and processed by the processing device 40. For this purpose, the first control device 50 controls the valve 51, which enables or stops the feed of carbon dioxide at the starting point at the feed 91 into the carbon dioxide transport path.

[0048] If the processing device 40 knows, for example based on the data recorded by the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32 and 33, which quantity losses occur during the transport of the carbon dioxide, the processing device 40 can instruct the first control device 50 to feed correspondingly more carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide transport route at the starting point at the feed-in 91 so that the quantity of carbon dioxide ordered by the customer arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route at the feed-out 93.

[0049] A similar arrangement can be made for the quality of the carbon dioxide. If the processing device 40 knows, for example based on the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33, that quality losses are occurring during the transport of the carbon dioxide, the processing device 40 can instruct the first control device 50 to feed correspondingly more or higher-quality carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide transport line at the starting point at the feed 91, so that carbon dioxide with the purity or concentration ordered by the customer arrives at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport line at the outlet 93.

[0050] In order to detect irregularities at an early stage, the processing device 40 can further be configured to determine, depending on the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors 31, 32, and 33, at which location and / or in which area of ​​the carbon dioxide transport route the quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide is reduced the most. Based on this data, the affected location or area can be monitored or, if possible, temporarily bypassed. For example, if the processing device 40 determines that the quantity of transported carbon dioxide is significantly reduced at the transition 92 between the rail transport route 10 and the pipeline 20, this can be an indication that the transition 92 of the carbon dioxide between the rail transport route 10 and the pipeline 20 needs to be optimized or, if possible, temporarily replaced by another transition.

[0051] Additional carbon dioxide sensors may be provided in the railway transport route 10 and / or the pipeline 20 to enable determination of a location and / or area of ​​an irregularity within a transport section.

[0052] According to a further embodiment, the system further comprises a second control device 55, which is configured to control the carbon dioxide transport in the carbon dioxide transport route depending on the location and / or area determined by the processing device 40. In this exemplary embodiment, the second control device is a railway controller. If, for example, the processing device 40 knows, based on the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32, that a train carrying carbon dioxide must stop at a station at crossing 92 for two days and that the quantity and quality of the carbon dioxide is significantly reduced during this stop, the second control device 55 can specify or suggest that the train leave the station earlier than planned.

[0053] In order to detect and resolve problems at an early stage, the processing device 40 can be configured, according to a further embodiment, to detect an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route based on current and historical data from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32. For this purpose, historical measurement data from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32 can be stored in a database, for example, in the blockchain 80. The processing device 40 can compare the historical measurement data with current measurement data from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32.

[0054] For this purpose, the data received by the processing device 40 from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32 may include location data. In this case, the processing device 40 may be configured to determine a location and / or an area of ​​an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route based on the location data.

[0055] In order to minimize environmental impacts, each carbon dioxide sensor 30, 31 and 32 can further be configured to output certified measurement data to the processing device 40. For this purpose, each carbon dioxide sensor 30, 31 and 32 can have a certification module (in Fig. 1 not shown). The data communication between the certification modules and the processing device 40 or the blockchain 80 can, in particular, be encrypted and authenticated.

[0056] For simple and centralized processing of the data acquired by the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32, the processing device 40 is provided in a cloud server. The data from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32 and the processing data from the processing device 40 are stored in the blockchain 80. For this purpose, the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31, and 32 and the processing device 40 are configured to write data to and read data from the blockchain 80.

[0057] In order to be able to react immediately to changes and problems in the carbon dioxide transport route, the processing device 40 is further configured to record and process the data from the carbon dioxide sensors 30, 31 and 32 in real time.

[0058] The present invention is not limited to a carbon dioxide transport route comprising a rail transport route and a pipeline. Rather, the carbon dioxide transport route may comprise one or more pipelines, tanker transport, truck transport, and rail transport. Accordingly, the carbon dioxide transport route may comprise transitions between the respective carbon dioxide transport route sections.

[0059] In the examples presented, various features and functions of the present disclosure have been described separately and in specific combinations. However, it is understood that many of these features and functions can be freely combined with one another, unless explicitly excluded.

Claims

1. A system for a carbon dioxide transport route comprising a plurality of transport sections (10, 20), the system comprising: a first carbon dioxide sensor (31) at a starting point of the carbon dioxide transport route, a second carbon dioxide sensor (32) between two adjacent transport sections (10, 20) of the carbon dioxide transport route, a third carbon dioxide sensor (33) at an end point of the carbon dioxide transport route, and a processing device (40) configured to acquire data from the carbon dioxide sensors (31, 32, 33).

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide sensors (31, 32, 33) are arranged to determine an amount of carbon dioxide transported through the carbon dioxide transport path.

3. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon dioxide sensors (31, 32, 33) are arranged to determine a quality of the carbon dioxide transported through the carbon dioxide transport path.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to determine, depending on the acquired data, a necessary quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide at the starting point of the carbon dioxide transport route in order to obtain a specific quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide at the end point of the carbon dioxide transport route.

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a first control device (50) which is arranged to control, in dependence on the processing device, a feed of carbon dioxide at the starting point of the transport route.

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to determine, depending on the acquired data, at which location and / or in which region of the carbon dioxide transport route a quantity and / or quality of carbon dioxide is reduced the most.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the processing device (40) comprises an artificial intelligence module configured to detect and / or correct problems in the carbon dioxide transport route.

8. System according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a second control device (55) which is arranged to control the carbon dioxide transport in the carbon dioxide transport path depending on the specific location and / or area.

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to detect an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route as a function of current and past data.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the received data comprises location data, and the processing device (40) is configured to determine a location and / or an area of an irregularity in the carbon dioxide transport route based on the location data.

11. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each carbon dioxide sensor (31, 32, 33) is arranged to output certified measurement data to the processing device (40).

12. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is provided in a cloud server or an edge computer and the acquired data is stored in a blockchain (80).

13. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is arranged to acquire and process the data in real time.

14. A carbon dioxide infrastructure comprising a system according to any one of the preceding claims and a carbon dioxide transport route, wherein the carbon dioxide transport route comprises a pipeline, a tanker transport, a truck transport and / or a railway transport.

15. The carbon dioxide infrastructure of claim 14, wherein the carbon dioxide transport route comprises a transition (92) from one of a pipeline, a tanker transport, a truck transport, and a rail transport to another of a pipeline, a tanker transport, a truck transport, and / or a rail transport.

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