Flat semi-finished product with a plastic matrix and a thermoplastic film

Abstract

The invention relates to a flat semi-finished product having - a matrix with at least one latently reactive plastic composition, wherein the plastic composition can be cured to form an elastomer, more particularly a thermoplastic elastomer, - continuous fibres embedded in the matrix, wherein the fibres are aligned preferably unidirectionally. The flat semi-finished product further has a thermoplastic film. The invention also relates to a method for producing a flat semi-finished product of this kind and to the use of a flat semi-finished product of this kind.

Description

[0001] Flat semi-finished product with a plastic matrix and a thermoplastic film

[0002] The invention relates to a flat semi-finished product, a method for producing flat semi-finished products and the use of a flat semi-finished product according to the preambles of the independent claims.

[0003] Fiber-reinforced plastics are becoming increasingly important for the production of structural components. Such components are particularly suitable for use in motorsports, aerospace, rail vehicle, and aircraft construction. For example, these components are lighter than conventional components made of steel, aluminum, or wood while offering the same level of performance, leading to savings in energy and fuel consumption.

[0004] Fiber-reinforced plastics can be achieved, for example, by embedding fibers in a plastic matrix and subsequent curing. Thermosetting resin systems predominate as the plastic matrix. Alternatively, the fibers and resin can be combined with suitable hardeners and stored in an uncured state. Crosslinking to form a fiber-reinforced plastic then takes place at a later time. Epoxy resins are typically used as the resins. However, due to the presence of hardeners and accelerators in the resin matrix, these are only stable for a limited time. To avoid premature crosslinking, such reactive systems are stored at low temperatures (approx. -20 °C) and must be thawed before further processing.

[0005] EP3330311 Al describes prepregs consisting of a fibrous

[0006] Material impregnated with latently reactive IK polyurethane without resin components for the production of composite components. WO 2020 / 059476 A1 describes a fabric impregnated with cyanate esters, which can be used, among other things, for the production of laminates laminated with metal foils.

[0007] WO 2019 / 088009 A1 describes a two-layer tape consisting of a layer of reactive adhesive and a reinforcement layer with aligned fibers. The fiber reinforcement matrix does not act as an adhesive.

[0008] WO 99 / 29755 A1 and EP3730528 A1 describe latently reactive polyurethane systems based on encapsulated isocyanates and carbodiimides. They do not contain long fibers as fillers.

[0009] Fiber-reinforced self-adhesive tapes (duct tape, armored tape) are widely known, including versions with oriented (parallel) fibers, so-called filament tape. These self-adhesive tapes have in common that they are applied only by pressure and without heat, and that the fiber reinforcement, if it is in a separate layer at all, is not coated with a latently reactive adhesive.

[0010] Long-fiber-reinforced composites, which feature a thermoplastic or thermosetting (and already cross-linked) matrix, are also known. Such (continuous) fibers are aligned through the extrusion or pultrusion process.

[0011] WO 2018 / 234423 A1, for example, describes a flat semi-finished product made of a plastic matrix with embedded, unidirectionally aligned, continuous fibers.

[0012] A major weakness of unidirectional tapes is their low stability in the transverse direction to the fibers. The non-crosslinked matrix has very low viscosity and thus offers little resistance to shear forces during the bonding or pre-coating process. The bondable substrates are very limited in combination and variety.

[0013] It is therefore at least one object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a flat semi-finished product that has particularly high stability and allows for a wide variety of substrates. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for producing such a flat semi-finished product and a use of such a product.

[0014] These objects are achieved by the device, method, and use defined in the independent patent claims. Further embodiments emerge from the dependent patent claims.

[0015] The invention relates to a flat semi-finished product comprising:

[0016] - a matrix with at least one latently reactive plastic composition, wherein the plastic composition is curable to form an elastomer, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer,

[0017] - continuous fibers embedded in the matrix, whereby the fibers are preferably oriented unidirectionally.

[0018] The flat semi-finished product also has a thermoplastic film.

[0019] "Embedding" refers to a macroscopic view, i.e., an external view. "Embedding" refers, in particular, to impregnation. The fibers are encased in the matrix. Encapsulation can be achieved, for example, by spraying them with the matrix or by pulling the fibers through a matrix solution.

[0020] For the purposes of this application, continuous fibers are all fibers having a length > 50 mm.

[0021] The elastomer, especially thermoplastic elastomer, can have soft and hard segments.

[0022] The thermoplastic film is preferably essentially inseparably bonded to the matrix, i.e., the film cannot be removed and reused. Rather, there is a permanent bond between the film and the matrix.

[0023] The semi-finished product according to the invention is characterized by improved stability, particularly in a direction transverse to the fiber. It was shown that, although the thermoplastic layer, i.e., the film, itself has no fiber reinforcement, the tensile strength of the overall composites could be significantly increased. The positive mechanical properties of the fiber layer are thus transferred to the entire flat semi-finished product.

[0024] The plastic consistency of the molten thermoplastic adhesive film can absorb the shear forces.

[0025] In addition, the semi-finished product according to the invention has the advantage that a wider variety of substrates can be bonded. Surprisingly, good adhesion was found between the two adhesive layers—plastic matrix and thermoplastic film. Sufficient initial adhesion is achieved both after the latently reactive matrix has dried and, above all, after the two substrates have been bonded. By cleverly sequencing these layers, the substrate variety can be almost unlimited. For example, the semi-finished product according to the invention can be bonded to metal or unreinforced plastic to form composites.

[0026] Latently reactive plastic compositions have the advantage that the two processes of pre-coating and bonding can be easily separated from each other.

[0027] The thermoplastic film can be a multilayer film. The multilayer film can have different surface properties, especially on its outer surfaces. This allows the semi-finished products to be adapted to the desired application.

[0028] The thermoplastic film can be constructed from at least one non-polar layer comprising at least one apolar polymer and at least one polar layer comprising at least one polar polymer.

[0029] For the purposes of this application, apolar means a material and / or surface with a surface tension of less than 35 mN / m. Polar means a material and / or surface with a surface tension of more than 37 mN / m. Surface tension can be determined using commercially available test inks.

[0030] Various test series are defined according to DIN 53364. Another way to determine surface tension is to measure the so-called contact or wetting angle. This involves measuring the angle between the surface and a drop of water. The better the wettability of the surface, the smaller the angle. The angle is measured, for example, using a goniometer. Preferably, the at least one polar layer faces the continuous fibers embedded in the matrix. A polar layer is particularly compatible with the matrix and thus forms a particularly stable bond.

[0031] Preferably, the at least one apolar polymer is selected from the group: polypropylene, modified polypropylene, polyethylene, modified polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, styrene block copolymers, ionomers, olefins, rubbers or plastomers and copolymers thereof.

[0032] Preferably, the at least one polar polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polyurethanes, polyether block amides, acrylates, or polycarbonates. Particularly preferably, the polar layer comprises or consists of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and its blend with polycarbonate (ABS / PC), polyamide (PA), or polyurethane (TPU).

[0033] The plastic composition can comprise polyurethane and a latently reactive, particularly encapsulated, surface-deactivated, or blocked isocyanate. A radiation-crosslinkable isocyanate is also conceivable. The proportions between polyurethane and isocyanate can vary. For example, the following compositions are conceivable for surface-deactivated isocyanates: For 100 parts by weight (pbw) of polyurethane, 5 to 10 pbw of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate dimer (TDI dimer) can be added. It is also possible to add 15 pbw of isophorone diisocyanate trimer (IPDI trimer) to 100 pbw of polyurethane to prevent yellowing of the material. It is also possible to use a blocked isocyanate. For example, at 100 pbw polyurethane, 2 to 15 pbw (dimethylpyrazole)-blocked hexamethylene-4,6-diisocyanate (HDI) trimer can be added.

[0034] Due to the latently reactive isocyanate, no reaction occurs between the isocyanate and the free OH groups of the polyurethane at room temperature. The flat semi-finished product can be stored at room temperature for long periods without any effort. The reaction process, i.e. the reaction with a surface-deactivated isocyanate, can be carried out by briefly initiating the reactions at low temperatures (<120°C). However, blocked isocyanates can be used, which can only be activated at higher temperatures, for example temperatures above 120°. The shaping process (e.g. pressing, vacuum bag process or in an autoclave) can still be kept short. Short cycle times can be used, which has a positive influence on the usable fibers. This also makes the use of low-melting fibers, for example polyamide, polyethylene or polyester, possible.

[0035] The plastic composition may comprise polyurethane and a latently reactive carbodiimide. Such plastic compositions are described in WO 99 / 29755 A1 and EP3730528 A1.

[0036] The plastic composition is preferably a dispersion, particularly preferably an aqueous dispersion. The plastic composition can also be in the form of a powder or melt. The dispersion can be applied, for example, by spraying, doctoring, impregnation, infusion and / or vacuum infusion. The fibers can also be drawn through the dispersion solution and spread out in the process. The dispersion promotes fiber spreading. This can increase the degree of wetting, which leads to optimal fiber integration and a high fiber content in the matrix. The fibers can be based on protein, cellulose, synthetic polymers or inorganic substances.

[0037] Protein-based fibers can be selected from the group: wool, silk, angora, cashmere, casein, collagen, ardein and zein.

[0038] Cellulose fibers can be cotton and bast fibers such as cotton, linen, hemp, or jute. Cellulose fibers can also be wood-based, such as viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, and acetate.

[0039] Fibers made of synthetic polymers can be selected from the group: polyethylene, polyester; polyamide; aramid; polypropylene; polyurethane (elastane); acrylic; polytetrafluoroethylene; polyphenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole; liquid crystal polymers (LCP), in particular poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid-co-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid).

[0040] The group of fibers made of inorganic substances includes carbon, ceramic, glass, quartz, metal.

[0041] The fibers can be embedded in the matrix as individual fibers or they can be spun into a thread and then embedded as a thread. Likewise, the fibers can be processed into threads and then into a fabric, with the fabric being embedded. Filaments can also be embedded. Filaments are understood to be artificial fibers of any length. It is also conceivable that a combination of different fibers could be embedded.

[0042] The possibility of using different types of fiber has

[0043] The advantage is that it opens up a broad field of applications. The product's properties can be optimally adapted to the intended use.

[0044] The fibers are preferably arranged substantially in a longitudinal extension relative to a main surface of the semi-finished product. The fibers are preferably oriented unidirectionally. "Unidirectional" here means that the longitudinal axes of the individual fibers run substantially parallel. "Substantially parallel" means that the longitudinal axes of the fibers do not enclose angles of more than ±25° with one another. The angles between the longitudinal axes of the fibers are preferably less than ±10°.

[0045] Unidirectional semi-finished products have the advantage that they can be layered precisely along the force distribution. When several flat semi-finished products, each with unidirectionally aligned fibers, are layered in a twisted manner, they achieve particularly high resistance to mechanical influences from different directions.

[0046] The fibers of the flat semi-finished product are preferably spread. Spread fibers can be wetted better, increasing fiber integration and thus the fiber content. A higher fiber content enhances the performance of the fiber composite component. Fiber spreading also enables the use of different fiber types in a semi-finished product. The use of different plastic compositions in a semi-finished product is also conceivable. This allows different properties to be combined in the material.

[0047] The thermoplastic film may contain further additives selected from the group consisting of fillers, processing aids, stabilizers, dyes, or combinations thereof. Suitable fillers include, in particular, glass fibers, chalk, or talc.

[0048] The matrix may also contain further additives selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers, fillers, processing aids, stabilizers, dyes, or combinations thereof. Thermoplastic polymers may include, for example, polyolefins, ethylacrylic acid (EAA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), (co)polyesters, (co)polyamides, styrene copolymers, acrylates, polyvinyl alcohols, or combinations thereof.

[0049] A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a flat semi-finished product, in particular as described above. The method comprises the steps: a) embedding fibers in a matrix comprising at least one latently reactive plastic composition that can be cured to form an elastomer, b) applying the embedded fibers to a thermoplastic film.

[0050] The thermoplastic film may be a multilayer film, in particular as described above.

[0051] The thermoplastic film can consist of at least one non-polar layer comprising at least one apolar polymer and at least one polar layer comprising at least one polar polymer. The apolar polymers can be selected from the group as described above. The polar polymers can be selected from the group as described above. The embedded fibers are preferably applied to the at least one polar layer of the multilayer film.

[0052] Advantageously, the fibers are spread for embedding in step a). This spreading process increases the degree of wetting of the fibers. Fiber integration is optimized. It is also possible to coat individual fibers with different plastic compositions. This allows additional properties to be combined in the semi-finished product.

[0053] The spreading and impregnation of the fibers is described in WO 2018 / 234423 A1, the content of which is hereby incorporated into this application. The impregnated fibers can be deposited on the thermoplastic adhesive film before it has dried. For this purpose, the film is fed in from below, the wet, aligned fibers are deposited on it and the film / fiber combination is passed through an oven so that the matrix forms a film (dries). The fibers then form an adhesion of 0.1 - 1.0 N / mm according to the T-Peel test based on DIN EN ISO 11339. This adhesion is sufficient to ensure further processing as a latently reactive fiber-reinforced adhesive film without the fibers detaching from the film before the actual bonding.

[0054] The adhesion can be achieved by crosslinking the matrix during the actual bonding step. Adhesion then increases to values ​​sometimes exceeding 1.0 N / mm, especially if the chemistry of the matrix and that of the top film layer are compatible.

[0055] This manufacturing method results in even higher adhesion than if the film and the unidirectional fiber-reinforced adhesive film were manufactured separately and simply placed on top of each other during bonding. The adhesion values ​​are approximately 50% higher.

[0056] Without being bound by theory, the improved adhesion could be due to the crosslinking process of the matrix. In a sandwich structure (layered on top of each other), the matrix must wet the film surface, for which a low viscosity is advantageous. At the same time, crosslinking begins with the bonding, which leads to an increase in viscosity. Thus, optimal wetting is hindered by the simultaneous wetting.

[0057] If, however, the matrix (and with it the fibers) is applied as a dispersion, the film is optimally wetted and retains this optimal wetting after the matrix dries. Wetting and crosslinking are separated in time, resulting in higher adhesion values ​​with an otherwise identical chemical composition.

[0058] After step b), drying can be carried out at a maximum of 50 ° C, preferably at a maximum of 35 ° C.

[0059] Furthermore, it can be advantageous to pretreat the film before step b). Pretreatment can be performed using corona, plasma, or flame treatment. Pretreatment optimizes the wetting of the film. Pretreatment can be particularly useful for films containing apolar polymers to ensure optimal wetting and bonding.

[0060] A further aspect of the invention relates to a flat semi-finished product, in particular as described above, producible by a method as described above. A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a flat semi-finished product as described above for the production of clothing, vehicle components, tires, sports and leisure items, tools, suitcases, machine components, building membranes, jewelry, drive and conveyor belts, packaging, building materials, and repair materials.

[0061] A further aspect of the invention relates to a composite material comprising a flat semi-finished product as described above and a metal layer and / or a layer of a preferably non-fiber-reinforced plastic. The plastics can also be fiber-reinforced.

[0062] The metal layer can be made of, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, iron, iron alloys, especially steel, galvanized steel and stainless steel, copper, copper alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, magnesium, magnesium alloys, tin, tin alloys, lead, lead alloys, bronze, or brass. The metals can be painted, especially cathodic dip-painted, passivated, anodized, anodized, galvanized, chrome-plated, or otherwise surface-treated.

[0063] The non-fiber-reinforced plastic can be, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyesters, polyoxymethylene, polystyrene, polyphthalamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyimide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polymethyl acrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, thermoplastic elastomers, rubber, and mixtures thereof. The plastics can be reinforced with minerals, in particular calcium carbonate and talc, silica, kaolin, carbon black, glass beads, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, elastomers, and thermosets. The composite material can be produced using the process described above, with the flat semi-finished product additionally being bonded to a metal layer and / or a layer of the preferably non-fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0064] The flat semi-finished product according to the invention enables a variety of bondings with other materials, so that different composite materials can be produced for different applications.

[0065] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. These are not to be construed as limiting.

[0066] Examples

[0067] Dispersion 1 was an aqueous, anionic dispersion of aliphatic polyurethane consisting of Dispercoll® U 56 (available from Covestro, Leverkusen, Germany) and surface-deactivated Desmodur® Z 2589 (available from Covestro, Leverkusen, Germany). The solids content was approximately 60%.

[0068] Dispersion 2 was an aqueous, anionic dispersion of aromatic polyurethane consisting of Dispercoll® U 56 (available from Covestro, Leverkusen, Germany) and surface-deactivated Dispercoll® BL XP 2514 (available from Covestro, Leverkusen, Germany). The solids content was approximately 60%.

[0069] The monofilm used was a flat extruded film made of Hytrel® 4056 (available from DuPont, Willmington, USA) with a basis weight of 30 g / m 2 used. The multilayer film used was nolax® A22 . 5016 , a PP / TPU film with a basis weight of 60g / m 2 (available from nolax, Sempach-Station, Switzerland). The coatings and bonding were applied to the TPU side.

[0070] To impregnate the fibers, Twaron® filament yarn (available from Twaron Teijin, Arnhem, Netherlands) was spread over several deflection rollers on a fiber spreading system. The spread fibers were then impregnated with an aqueous dispersion, formulation 1 or 2, using two coating rollers and deposited onto the incoming monofilm or multilayer film. They were then dried at a maximum of 35 °C.

[0071] The bonds were bonded on a Meyer stamp press at a temperature of 50 °C (pre-coating without crosslinking) or 140 °C (bonding with crosslinking) with a pressing time of 2 minutes and a pressure of 5 bar. A non-elastic cotton textile with a suitable adhesion promoter was applied to the side of the thermoplastic adhesive film. This served to fix the adhesive film in the T-peel test.

[0072] For comparison, samples were also bonded using pre-prepared, latently reactive unidirectional tapes. These were applied separately to a BOPP carrier and, after drying, applied to the adhesive film during the bonding process. They are therefore not pre-fixed.

[0073] The following samples were produced:

[0074] Pattern Fibers Matrix Fiber Reinforcement Thermoplastic Prefilter Film tic ication

[0075] film

[0076] A - - Twaron with monofilm No Pattern Fibers Matrix Fiber reinforcement Thermoplastic Pre-filter Film tic fixation

[0077] film

[0078] Dispersion 1

[0079] B Twaron Dispersion 1 - Monofilm No

[0080] C - - Twaron with monofoil No

[0081] Dispersion 2

[0082] D Twaron Dispersion 2 - Monofilm No

[0083] E - - Twaron with monofoil Yes

[0084] Dispersion 1

[0085] F Twaron Water - Monofilm No

[0086] G - - Twaron with more- No

[0087] Dispersion 1 layer-

[0088] film

[0089] H Twaron Dispersion 1 - Multi-layer film

[0090] T-Peel tests

[0091] The T-peel tests were carried out on a Zwick Type 1120 . 25 tensile testing machine in accordance with DIN 53357 on 25 mm wide and 250 mm long test specimens with a peel speed of 100 mm / min at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity.

[0092] The following separation strengths were determined:

[0093] Sample separation strength

[0094] (N / cm)

[0095] A 10 . 5 + / - 2 . 1 Sample Separation Strength

[0096] (N / cm)

[0097] B 16.2 + / - 2.6

[0098] C3.0 + / - 0.8

[0099] D 24.6 + / - 5.0

[0100] E 10.9 + / - 1.0

[0101] F 2.3 + / - 0.3

[0102] G 2.8 + / - 0.3

[0103] H 3.8 + / - 0.3

[0104] The comparisons of sample A with sample B, sample C with sample D, as well as sample G and sample H show the positive influence of spreading the fibers directly on the hot melt adhesive film compared to laminating a pre-formed unidirectional fiber-reinforced adhesive film to the same hot melt adhesive film.

[0105] The comparison of sample A with sample E shows that the same release strengths can be achieved by careful pre-coating with a latently reactive unidirectional fiber-reinforced adhesive film and simultaneous pressing.

[0106] However, a comparison with Sample B shows that the wetting effect of pre-coating is not as good as when the fibers are applied directly to the film and the dispersion is dried on the film. Thus, even with Sample E, despite pre-coating, some of the optimal wetting is lost due to the crosslinking that begins during the bonding process.

[0107] A comparison of sample B with sample F shows that simply fixing the fibers in the thermoplastic film produces significantly lower separation strengths than with a matrix. The viscosity of the thermoplastic adhesive film is too high to allow for good wetting of the fibers. Tensile and elongation tests

[0108] The following samples were produced:

[0109] Pattern Fibers Matrix Fiber Reinforcement Thermoplastic Prefilter Film

[0110] film

[0111] I - - Twaron with No

[0112] Dispersion 1

[0113] J Twaron Dispersion 1 - Monofilm No

[0114] Sample I is the unidirectional fiber-reinforced adhesive film used in Samples A, E, and G. Sample J is Sample B without crosslinking.

[0115] The following tensile strengths and elongations at break were measured transverse to the

[0116] Fiber direction found:

[0117] Sample Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation at break across the grain (%)

[0118] J23. 43 + / - 2 . 56 1218 + / - 41

[0119] Pattern I breaks immediately at the start of the test.

[0120] Sample I clearly demonstrates that a unidirectional fiber-reinforced adhesive film without an adhesive foil reacts very sensitively to loads perpendicular to the fiber direction, which makes the application technique challenging and the tape susceptible to damage. Sample J, on the other hand, shows tensile strength and elongation at break typical for a thermoplastic adhesive film. Handling is therefore no different from processing a film without fiber reinforcement.

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Flat semi-finished product comprising - a matrix with at least one latently reactive plastic composition, wherein the plastic composition is curable to form an elastomer, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer, - continuous fibers embedded in the matrix, wherein the fibers are preferably oriented unidirectionally, characterized in that the flat semi-finished product further comprises a thermoplastic film.

2. A flat semi-finished product according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic film is a multilayer film.

3. Flat semi-finished product according to claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic film consists of at least one non-polar layer comprising at least one apolar polymer and at least one polar layer comprising at least one polar polymer.

4. A flat semi-finished product according to claim 3, wherein the at least one polar layer faces the continuous fibers embedded in the matrix.

5. Flat semi-finished product according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the at least one apolar polymer is selected from the group: polypropylene, modified polypropylene, polyethylene, modified polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, styrene block copolymers, ionomers, olefins, rubbers or plastomers and copolymers thereof. Flat semi-finished product according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the at least one polar polymer is selected from the group: polyamides, copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polyurethanes, polyether block amides, acrylates or polycarbonates. Flat semi-finished product according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plastic composition comprises polyurethane and a latently reactive, in particular encapsulated, surface-deactivated or blocked isocyanate. Flat semi-finished product according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plastic composition comprises polyurethane and a latently reactive carbodiimide. Method for producing a flat semi-finished product, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps: a) embedding fibers in a matrix comprising at least one latently reactive plastic composition which can be cured to form an elastomer, b) applying the embedded fibers to a thermoplastic film.The method according to claim 9, wherein the thermoplastic film is a multilayer film. The method according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic film consists of at least one non-polar layer comprising at least one apolar polymer and at least one polar layer comprising at least one polar polymer.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the embedded fibers are applied to the at least one polar layer of the multilayer film.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the fibers are spread for embedding in step a).

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the film is pretreated before step b).

15. Use of a flat semi-finished product according to one of claims 1 to 8 for the manufacture of clothing, vehicle components, tires, sports and leisure articles, tools, suitcases, machine components, building membranes, jewelry, drive and conveyor belts, packaging, building materials, repair materials.

16. Composite material comprising a flat semi-finished product according to one of claims 1 to 8 and a metal layer and / or a layer of a, preferably non-fiber-reinforced, plastic.

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