Measurement data processing device for oil transformers and measuring system

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement data processing device (10) for processing oil measurement data of a plurality of oil transformers (70), and a measuring system comprising a measurement data processing device (10) and a plurality of oil transformer measuring modules (60). The measurement data processing device (10) comprises a first communications unit (21) which is designed to receive oil measurement data of the plurality of oil transformers (70), wherein the oil measurement data contains information relating to oil quality of the oil transformers (70), a second communications unit (22) which is designed to receive transformer load data of the plurality of oil transformers (70), a memory device (30) which is designed to store the received oil measurement data and transformer load data in the form of time series data, and a processing device (40) which is designed to process the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

Description

[0001] Measurement data processing device for oil transformers and measuring system

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a measurement data processing device for processing oil measurement data of a plurality of oil transformers and a measurement system comprising a measurement data processing device and a plurality of oil transformer measurement modules.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Oil-immersed electrical transformers are power transformers typically used in power distribution networks. Such oil-immersed transformers are known, for example, from DE202008017356U1. Oil-immersed transformers comprise an oil-filled transformer tank in which the transformer core with primary and secondary windings is located. For insulation, the primary and secondary windings can be wrapped with cellulose paper. The oil serves as an electrical insulation medium and as a cooling medium for dissipating heat loss generated during transformer operation. Depending on the operating oil temperature, the oil expands and contracts in volume. This is also referred to as the "breathing" of the oil-immersed transformer.

[0006] Oil-immersed transformers usually include an oil conservator located above the transformer tank and connected to the tank via a flow channel. The oil conservator can be used to compensate for changes in the oil's volume. The oil conservator serves to accommodate the oil volume that arises due to thermal expansion of the oil during temperature fluctuations in the transformer caused by load changes or changes in the ambient temperature. An air-filled, compressible diaphragm can be arranged inside the oil conservator. Depending on the expansion state of the oil in the transformer, the diaphragm is compressed, with the interior of the transformer tank, the oil conservator, and the flow channel forming a closed system. A magnetic oil level indicator (MOG) can be used to monitor the oil level in the oil conservator.

[0007] As the oil-immersed transformer ages, the oil becomes contaminated by moisture and fibrous materials in the winding insulation. Dissolved gases produced by chemical reactions in the oil can also contaminate the oil. To ensure safe operation and avoid interruptions or power outages, the oil must be checked regularly and replaced if necessary.

[0008] Oil monitoring is typically performed in one of the following ways: An oil sample is manually taken from the transformer and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The laboratory then tests the oil's insulation resistance and dielectric breakdown voltage. Furan analysis can also be performed in the laboratory. Alternatively, the oil can be analyzed at regular intervals using a measuring device. Gas chromatography can be used for this purpose, but this has the disadvantage of being time-consuming and costly and must be performed by a specialist. Photoacoustic spectroscopy can also be performed.

[0009] Known techniques for monitoring the oil in an oil-immersed transformer also have the following disadvantages: some techniques cannot be retrofitted and require relatively high personnel expenditures for the installation and configuration of the measuring devices. It is often also necessary for the transformer to be shut down and shut down during the installation of the measuring devices. Furthermore, known measuring techniques can be affected by electromagnetic pulses. For example, measuring sensors attached directly to the surface of the transformer's main tank can be affected by partial discharges. Such partial discharges can generate electromagnetic pulses in the ultra-high frequency range (300 MHz to 3 GHz), which can lead to measurement errors or inaccuracies in the measuring devices. The ambient and / or surface temperature of the transformer can also cause problems.Electronic measuring devices, for example, operating near the leg and yoke areas of the transformer, are exposed to high temperatures (oil temperature rise due to high-voltage loads). This increased temperature can cause the measuring devices to malfunction, leading to measurement errors or inaccuracies, or even measuring device failure. Measuring devices that collect oil samples from an outlet valve at the bottom of the oil-immersed transformer main tank may also be mixed with contaminated particles. Fibers and moisture from the insulation materials can combine with the oil and cause residues to settle at the bottom of the transformer. Oil samples taken in this area are often contaminated with residues, which can lead to inaccurate oil quality analysis.

[0010] A further disadvantage of known techniques for monitoring the oil quality in an oil transformer is that a large number of oil transformers are used in a power supply network, but the oil quality of each oil transformer of the large number of oil transformers is only considered individually.

[0011] BRIEF SUMMARY

[0012] The present disclosure is based on the object of providing an improved technique for processing oil measurement data from oil transformers.

[0013] To achieve this object, a measurement data processing device for processing oil measurement data of a plurality of oil transformers is disclosed, comprising: a first communication unit configured to receive oil measurement data of the plurality of oil transformers, wherein the oil measurement data includes information relating to an oil quality of the oil transformers, a second communication unit configured to receive transformer load data of the plurality of oil transformers, a storage device configured to store the received oil measurement data and transformer load data as time series data, and a processing device configured to process the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

[0014] The measurement data processing device may be a cloud computer. Accordingly, the first and second communication units may be communication means configured to communicate with a plurality of transmission modules via the internet and / or a wireless network (e.g., a mobile radio network). In particular, the first communication unit may be configured to communicate with a plurality of oil transformer measurement modules. The second communication unit may be configured to communicate with devices for measuring power flows in substations, digital logbooks, and / or intelligent devices (smart meters) connected to oil transformers via the internet and / or a wireless network (e.g., a mobile radio network).Alternatively or additionally, the second communication unit can also be configured to communicate with the plurality of oil-immersed transformer measuring modules. The first communication unit and the second communication unit can also be configured as a single communication unit.

[0015] The storage device may be a database in the cloud that is configured to store a plurality of measurement data as time series data. The processing device may also be implemented in the cloud and configured to control the first communication unit, the second communication unit, and the storage device. For example, the

[0016] Processing device to a cloud computing and control device.

[0017] The received oil measurement data is data from which the oil quality of oil transformers, in particular oil transformers with an oil conservator, can be derived. The oil transformer can be any type of oil transformer that has an oil conservator to compensate for volume changes in the transformer oil. The shape of the oil conservator is not restricted to any specific form. The oil conservator can, for example, be designed as a cylinder, cuboid, cube, or prism. The oil conservator can be an expansion radiator, an conservator with a nitrogen cushion, or with a rubber bag or rubber membrane. The oil conservator can, in particular, contain a compressible membrane that is compressed or decompressed depending on the oil level in the oil conservator. The transformer with core and coils is located in an oil bath in the transformer tank.When the transformer tank is connected to the first opening in the oil conservator via the flow channel, a Buchholz protection relay can be provided in the flow channel. Additional components, such as various cavities, can be provided in the flow channel. The transformer tank, the flow channel, and / or the oil conservator can be steel structures.

[0018] The oil quality can be quality characteristics defined in the IEC 60422 standard. In particular, the processing device can be configured to use the received data to obtain information regarding the color, water content, and / or acidity of the oil, based on which a statement can be made about the quality of the oil in the oil-immersed transformer. For example, the data is used to determine the refractive index and / or loss factor of the oil. The received transformer load data from the plurality of oil-immersed transformers can be the electrical power flowing through the respective oil-immersed transformer. Since the oil measurement data and the transformer load data are stored as time-series data, i.e., over time, it is possible to carry out history-based data processing.

[0019] The processing device can further be configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers into a first oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data and stored transformer load data. Thus, through the classification, each of the plurality of oil transformers can be classified into a group, making it possible to correlate the oil quality and capacity of each oil transformer. The classification can, in particular, be carried out in real time. This makes it possible to use the oil transformers specifically for grid load optimization, in particular for grid stabilization, in accordance with their classification. Thus, it is conceivable that only oil transformers classified into a specific group are used or connected in substations and / or transformer stations critical for grid stability.

[0020] The measurement data processing device may further comprise a first output device configured to send information relating to the first oil transformer classification to a first control device for controlling a load flow in a power grid comprising the plurality of oil transformers. The first output device may, for example, be a communication device configured to send control data to the first control device. The first control device may be load control technology (power electronics) in a substation and / or transformer station that controls electrical loads in the power grid depending on the received information.Because the measurement data processing device stores information from a large number of oil-immersed transformers, it is possible to optimize the overall control of energy flow in the power grid. For example, it is possible to individually control the power flows of individual oil-immersed transformers in a power grid to optimize grid stability. The control and optimization can be performed in the processing device.

[0021] The processing device can further be configured to perform a load flow calculation of high-voltage lines and transformer stations in a power grid comprising the plurality of oil-immersed transformers based on the first oil-immersed transformer classification. The load flow calculation can be used for planning and / or analyzing the power grid. The load flow calculation can be used to determine complex operating voltages at grid nodes, calculate complex power flows across grid branches based on these voltages, and implement appropriate power control measures. The load flow calculation can be used, in particular, to simulate failure situations.When checking the so-called NL criterion, for example, it can be verified whether, in the event of a failure of a piece of equipment in the power grid, in particular an oil-immersed transformer in the power grid, uninterrupted grid operation can be ensured by redistributing the power flow. This load flow calculation can be performed in real time and result in real-time load control.The second communication unit can be further configured to receive transformer performance measurement data from the plurality of oil-immersed transformers. The storage device can be further configured to store the received transformer performance measurement data as time series data. The processing device can be further configured to determine irregularities in the plurality of oil-immersed transformers based on the stored oil-immersed data, transformer load data, and / or transformer performance measurement data. The transformer performance measurement data is data relating to the performance of the transformer over time. In particular, the performance of the oil-immersed transformer is measured over time, taking into account a constant load (kV) of an oil-immersed transformer.

[0022] Transformer performance can be assessed, in particular, using a ratio test, which measures the induced voltages at the high- and low-voltage terminals of transformers and then calculates the actual transformer voltage. Ratio measurements are performed at all taps and calculated by dividing the induced voltage by the applied voltage. For ratio tests on three-phase transformers, the ratio is calculated for one phase at a time.

[0023] If irregularities are detected, for example, by comparing current oil measurement data, transformer load data, and / or transformer performance measurement data with previous oil measurement data, transformer load data, and / or transformer performance measurement data, or with specified threshold values, an oil-immersed transformer is reported as potentially faulty. Accordingly, this oil-immersed transformer can be serviced early, shut down immediately, especially remotely, and / or bypassed with regard to the power flow path.

[0024] The processing device can further be configured to determine types of irregularities in the plurality of oil transformers based on the determined irregularities in the plurality of oil transformers. For example, the types of irregularities can include transformer insulation irregularities and / or transformer arcing irregularities. Thus, data profiles (so-called "fingerprints") of past irregularities, i.e., types of irregularities, can be created and compared with current data. If there is a match, it can be identified which type of irregularity is currently occurring, i.e., in real time, in an oil transformer. Accordingly, this oil transformer can be serviced early, immediately shut down, in particular remotely shut down, and / or the power flow path can be bypassed.To determine the types of irregularities, the processing device may include an artificial intelligence (AI)-based learning module that optimizes the determination of the types of irregularities based on historical data.

[0025] According to a further development, the measurement data processing device may further comprise a third communication unit configured to receive environmental data and / or geographical data relating to the plurality of oil transformers, wherein the storage device is configured to store the received environmental data and / or geographical data, and the processing device is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers into a second oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data, environmental data, and / or geographical data. The second oil transformer classification may be provided to managers as recommendation data. The managers may then select the model and brand of the transformers based on the recommendation data.The third communication unit can be configured to communicate with devices for determining environmental data and / or geographical data via the Internet and / or a wireless network (e.g., a cellular network). The third communication unit can also be configured to communicate with the plurality of oil-immersed transformer measuring modules. The first, second, and / or third communication units can be configured as one communication unit. The environmental data can be, for example, weather, humidity, solar radiation, and / or temperature data. The geographical data can be, for example, longitude and latitude coordinates.For example, if two oil-immersed transformers of different types, A and B, are located in a low-temperature location, and both oil-immersed transformers A and B operate without problems under a constant load, but oil-immersed transformer A experiences oil condensation problems due to the low temperature, this problem can be stored in the storage device. The storage device can be a cloud storage device or the storage device can communicate with a cloud storage device. Using the recorded historical data (including problems), oil-immersed transformer A (i.e., type A) can then be excluded from the low-temperature location in the future.

[0026] According to a further embodiment, the processing device can be configured to calculate real-time predictions regarding the service life of components of the plurality of oil transformers based on the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data. In particular, the processing device can be configured to calculate the predictions based on deteriorations in oil quality in the oil measurement data. The deterioration in oil quality is proportional to the electrical load of the oil transformer. For example, it can be considered whether a deterioration in oil quality occurs exponentially and / or randomly in the short term, for example, in the range of seconds or minutes. For this purpose, a comparison can be made as to whether the oil measurement data exceeds predetermined threshold values.

[0027] Furthermore, the measurement data processing device may comprise a fourth communication unit configured to receive data relating to a tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers, wherein the storage device is configured to store the received data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers, and the processing device is configured to calculate the predictions based on the data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers.

[0028] The fourth communication unit can be configured to communicate via the Internet and / or a wireless network (e.g., a mobile network) with devices for determining data relating to a tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers. The fourth communication unit can also be configured to communicate with the plurality of oil transformer measuring modules. The first, second, third, and / or fourth communication units can further be configured as one communication unit. The data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers can be determined, for example, by corresponding sensors in the oil transformers.Accordingly, the service life of components, such as windings and insulation, in the numerous oil-immersed transformers can be predicted, and components that are about to fail unexpectedly can be replaced. For this purpose, it is also possible to check whether the received data exceeds specified thresholds.

[0029] According to a further embodiment, the measurement data processing device may comprise a fifth communication unit configured to receive information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages of the plurality of oil transformers, wherein the storage device is configured to store the received information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages, the processing device is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers into a third oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data, and / or the information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages, and the measurement data processing device comprises a second output device configured to transmit information relating to the third oil transformer classification to a second control device for controlling a load flow in a power grid,which comprises the plurality of oil-immersed transformers. The second output device may, for example, be a communication device configured to send control data to the second control device. The first control device and the second control device may be the same control device. Alternatively or additionally, the third oil-immersed transformer classification may be provided to grid managers as recommendation data. The grid managers can then select the model and brand of the transformers based on the recommendation data.

[0030] The fifth communication unit can be configured to communicate via the Internet and / or a wireless network (e.g., a cellular network) with devices for determining information regarding transformer failures and / or power outages of the plurality of oil-immersed transformers. The fifth communication unit can also be configured to communicate with the plurality of oil-immersed transformer measuring modules. The first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth communication units can further be configured as one communication unit. The first to fifth communication units can be configured as software, ie, program code, which executes predetermined commands to implement the communication.

[0031] The present disclosure further relates to a measuring system comprising a measurement data processing device, in particular one of the measurement data processing devices described above, and a plurality of oil transformer measuring modules, wherein each oil transformer measuring module comprises a device for obtaining oil measurement data and a module communication unit, wherein the oil measurement data comprises information relating to an oil quality of the oil transformers and the module communication unit is configured to send the oil measurement data to the first communication unit of the measurement data processing device.

[0032] The device for obtaining oil measurement data may comprise a cell for receiving oil, means for conveying oil from the oil expansion tank into the cell (for example, an electric pump with a hose), an antenna (for example, a Vivaldi antenna) for applying a measurement signal to the oil in the cell, and a sensor electrically connected to the antenna (for example, a sensor comprising an ultra-wideband baseband transmitter, an ultra-wideband baseband receiver, and a digital backend) for measuring the oil quality of the oil transformer. The sensor may, in particular, be configured to generate signals, in particular electromagnetic signals, with a frequency of 1 Hz to 3000 GHz and transmit them to the antenna, which transmits the signals into the oil. Signals with a frequency of 1 Hz to 3000 GHz are then received by the sensor via the antenna.The interaction of electromagnetic waves with frequencies from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz has the advantage of generally posing no health risks to humans while still providing good measurement results. Even better measurement results can be achieved if the sensor is configured to generate, transmit, and receive signals with frequencies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. In particular, the sensor can be configured to operate in the ultra-wideband (UWB) range.

[0033] The means for conveying oil from the oil expansion vessel into the cell can comprise a hose and / or a pipe arranged at least partially within the oil expansion vessel, having a first end extending into the oil in the oil expansion vessel and a second end connected to the cell, and a pump for pumping the oil from the oil expansion vessel into the cell. The pump is preferably arranged outside the oil expansion vessel. This embodiment allows for oil quality determination with minimal oil contact. If the oil is pumped through the cell, a further hose and / or pipe is provided, which pumps the oil back into the oil expansion vessel and / or a collecting vessel.

[0034] The module communication units of the plurality of oil transformer measurement modules can be configured to communicate with the first communication unit of the measurement data processing device via an edge or fog layer using a hypersecure gateway. Furthermore, it is conceivable for each of the first to fifth communication units to communicate with the oil transformer measurement modules via the hypersecure gateway.

[0035] The measuring system can further comprise a plurality of oil transformers, in particular each having an oil conservator, wherein one of the plurality of oil transformer measuring modules is detachably attached to or in each oil transformer for measuring the oil quality of an oil transformer. Each oil transformer measuring module can further be configured to measure the oil quality of the oil transformer using measurement signals with a frequency of 1 Hz to 3000 GHz, preferably with a frequency of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Thus, the oil transformer measuring module can comprise a non-contact near-field sensor for dielectric spectroscopy. The oil transformer measuring module can also be configured to perform broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS).

[0036] The oil transformer and / or the oil transformer measuring module may further comprise a temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor. The temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor may be arranged on or in the oil conservator or the oil transformer measuring module. In particular, the sensor may be configured to detect abnormalities in the gas generated by the oil transformer. The sensor may also comprise additional sensor and electronic components that monitor regular operation and the condition of the oil transformer. Accordingly, the module communication unit may be configured to send this measurement data to the first communication unit of the measurement data processing devices.

[0037] The aspects and variants described above can be combined without this being explicitly described. Each of the described embodiment variants is therefore to be considered optional to each embodiment variant or combinations thereof. The present disclosure is therefore not limited to the individual embodiments and variants in the described order or to a specific combination of the aspects and embodiment variants.

[0038] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further advantages, details and features of the systems and devices described here will become apparent from the following description of embodiments and the figures.

[0040] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a measuring system with a measurement data processing device and a plurality of oil transformer measuring modules;

[0041] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an oil transformer;

[0042] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an oil conservator with an oil transformer measuring module; and

[0043] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an oil transformer measuring module.

[0044] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a measurement system with a measurement data processing device 10 and a plurality of oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60. The measurement data processing device 10 is configured to communicate with a plurality of oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60, of which four modules 60 are shown as examples, via an edge or fog layer using a hypersecure gateway (85). The oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60 are attached to respective oil-immersed transformers 70. The oil-immersed transformers 70 are part of an electrical power grid (not shown in Figure 1).

[0046] The measurement data processing device 10 comprises a first communication unit 21 configured to receive oil measurement data from the plurality of oil transformers 70. The oil measurement data includes information regarding an oil quality of the oil transformers 70. The measurement data processing device 10 further comprises a second communication unit 22 configured to receive transformer load data from the plurality of oil transformers 70, a storage device 30 configured to store the received oil measurement data and transformer load data as time series data, and a processing device 40 configured to process the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data. The processing device 40 is further configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers 70 into a first oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

[0047] The measurement data processing device 10 further comprises a first output device 51 configured to send information relating to the first oil transformer classification to a control device 100 for controlling a load flow in the power grid comprising the plurality of oil transformers 70. The control device 100 is a load control technology in a transformer station (not shown in Fig. 1) that controls electrical loads in the power grid depending on the received control commands. The processing device 40 is further configured to perform a load flow calculation of high-voltage lines and transformer stations in the power grid comprising the plurality of oil transformers 70 based on the first oil transformer classification.

[0048] The second communication unit 22 may be configured to communicate via the Internet, a cellular network, and / or the gateway 85 with substation power flow measurement devices, digital logbooks, and / or intelligent devices connected to the oil transformers 70 (not shown in FIG. 1) to receive the transformer load data of the plurality of oil transformers 70. Alternatively or additionally, the second communication unit 22 may be configured to communicate via the gateway 85 with the plurality of oil transformer measurement modules 60 to receive the transformer load data of the plurality of oil transformers 70.

[0049] According to a further embodiment, the second communication unit 22 is configured to receive transformer performance measurement data of the plurality of oil transformers 70, the storage device 30 is configured to store the received transformer performance measurement data as time series data, and the processing device 40 is configured to determine irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers 70 based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data, and / or transformer performance measurement data. In particular, the processing device 40 is configured to determine types of irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers 70 based on the determined irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers 70. The types of irregularities can be, for example, transformer insulation irregularities and / or transformer arcing irregularities.

[0050] Optionally, the measurement data processing device 10 comprises a third communication unit 23 configured to receive environmental data and / or geographical data relating to the plurality of oil transformers 70. The storage device 30 is configured to store the received environmental data and / or geographical data, and the processing device 40 is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers 70 into a second oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data, environmental data, and / or geographical data. Thus, the processing device 40 can provide grid managers with recommendation data, based on which the grid managers can select the model and brand of the transformers based on the recommended data.

[0051] Optionally, the measurement data processing device 10 comprises a fourth communication unit 24 configured to receive data relating to a tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers 70. The storage device 30 is configured to store the received data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers 70, and the processing device 40 is configured to calculate the predictions based on the data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers 70. According to this embodiment, the processing device 40 is configured to calculate real-time predictions relating to a service life of components of the plurality of oil transformers 70 based on the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.In particular, the processing device 40 is configured to calculate the predictions based on deteriorations in oil quality in the oil measurement data.

[0052] Further optionally, the measurement data processing device 10 comprises a fifth communication unit 25 configured to receive information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages of the plurality of oil transformers, wherein the storage device 30 is configured to store the received information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages, and the processing device 40 is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers into a third oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data and / or the information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages.

[0053] Further optionally, the measurement data processing device 10 comprises a second output device 52 which is configured to send information relating to the third oil transformer classification to the control device 100 for controlling a load flow in a power supply network comprising the plurality of oil transformers 70.

[0054] The hypersecure gateway 85 is provided for secure communication between the measurement data processing device 10 and the plurality of oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60. Therefore, a multi-layer architecture is considered, including an IoT, an edge / fog, and a cloud layer, to describe a decentralized data processing structure located between the cloud and the devices that produce data. This flexible structure allows users to place resources, including applications and the data they generate, in logical locations to improve performance. To this end, the oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60 are located in an Internet of Things (IoT) layer, the hypersecure gateway 85 is located in an edge / fog layer, and the measurement data processing device 10 is located in a cloud layer.Thus, each of the first to fifth communication units 21 to 25 can be configured to communicate with the plurality of oil transformer measuring modules 60 via the hypersecure gateway 85.

[0055] The oil-immersed transformer measurement modules 60 act in the IoT layer as the IoT perception layer in a smart grid. The Edge / Fog layer enables secure communication between the IoT layer and the cloud layer. For this purpose, the Edge / Fog layer is configured to perform authorizations, double certificate authentication, and data preprocessing to detect anomalies. Furthermore, high availability and resilience of a grid / transformer monitoring process are ensured. Furthermore, it is possible to implement double virtualization, as the virtualization technology enables this layer to migrate from connected environments to another, preventing cascading of faulty data during system migration. This is achieved by migrating functions and data from compromised dedicated hardware to other hardware.The cloud layer is used to provide applications for monitoring, historical data analysis, artificial intelligence-based applications, and visualizations.

[0056] To establish secure network communication, either Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based protocols can be used for data transport from the physical layer to the edge layer, and any TCP and / or Internet Protocol (IP)-based communication protocol can be used from the edge layer to the cloud layer. Furthermore, these protocols can be deployed on ultra-low-latency networks, such as 5th Generation (5G) mobile technology or future-proof cellular IoT standards, such as LTE-M or Narrowband IoT.

[0057] The measurement data processing device 10 may further include an artificial intelligence (AI) module (not shown in Fig. 1), which can be used to optimize the data stored in the storage device 30. Furthermore, AI and machine learning functions can be provided for other communication units.

[0058] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an oil transformer 70. The oil transformer 70 comprises a transformer tank 71 and an oil conservator 72. A flow channel 73 connects the transformer tank 71 to an opening in the oil conservator 72. The opening is arranged at a lower end of the oil conservator 72. The transformer tank 71 comprises a corresponding opening. In the transformer tank 71, the transformer 74 is mounted on support blocks 75 in an oil bath 78. The oil conservator 72 is shown in Fig. 2 as an example above the transformer tank 71 in a cylindrical shape. Other shapes (e.g., cuboid, cube, or prism) and arrangements (at the same height as the transformer tank 71, further above, etc.) of the oil conservator 72 are conceivable.

[0059] Oil 78 is located in the flow channel 73 and the housing of the oil conservator 72. The oil conservator 72 serves to hold oil 78 due to thermal expansion of the oil 78 during temperature fluctuations in the transformer 74, caused by load changes or changes in the ambient temperature. As indicated by the surface 79 of the oil in the oil conservator 72, the oil level in the oil conservator 72 changes accordingly. The oil in the oil conservator 72 compresses a diaphragm 80 depending on the oil level in the oil conservator 72, which is decompressed again when the oil level 79 drops. A pressure relief valve 81 for discharging excess gas is provided in an opening at an upper end of the oil conservator 72.For the sake of clarity, other components of the oil transformer 70, such as the transformer core, the coils, and a Buchholz protection relay, are not shown in the schematic representation of Fig. 2. As an alternative to the embodiment of the oil conservator 72 with the membrane 80, an oil conservator of the Atmoseal type or another type may also be provided.

[0060] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an oil conservator 72 with an oil transformer measuring module. The oil conservator 72 is the oil conservator 72 shown in Figure 2, with the same reference numerals in Figures 2 and 3 referring to the same elements.

[0061] In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the oil transformer measuring module comprises a cell

[0062] 90 for receiving oil 78 from the oil expansion tank 72, means 91, 92 for conveying oil 78 from the oil expansion tank 72 into the cell 90, an antenna 93 for applying a measuring signal to the oil 78 in the cell 90, and a sensor 94 electrically connected to the antenna 93 for measuring an oil quality of the oil transformer 70.

[0063] The means 91, 92 for conveying oil 78 from the oil expansion vessel 72 into the cell 90 comprise a hose arranged at least partially in the oil expansion vessel 72

[0064] 91 with a first end extending into the oil 78 in the oil expansion tank 72 and a second end connected to the cell 90, and an electric pump 92 for pumping the oil 78 from the oil expansion tank 72 into the cell 90. The hose 91 extends through an opening 95, with the cell 90 being arranged outside the oil expansion tank 72 at the opening 95. In Fig. 3, a minimum oil level 79 in the oil expansion tank 72 is shown, with the hose 91 being designed such that the first end of the hose 91 always extends below the minimum oil level 79.

[0065] The pump 92 pumps oil 78 from the oil expansion tank 72 into the cell 90. It is further conceivable for the pump 92 to pump the oil 78 through the cell 90, i.e., the oil 78 is returned to the oil expansion tank 72. According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the cell 90 is arranged in the oil expansion tank 72, in particular above a maximum oil fill level of the oil expansion tank 72. The antenna 93 is attached, for example, to an outer wall of the cell 90 and electrically connected to the sensor 94 via a cable. In this exemplary embodiment, the antenna 93 is designed as a meander-shaped transceiver Vivaldi antenna.

[0066] The sensor 94 comprises a baseband transmitter 96, a baseband receiver 97, a digital backend 98, and a module communication unit 62. The baseband transmitter 96 generates pulsed excitation signals for the antenna 93, with reflected signals being forwarded to the baseband receiver 97. The digital backend 98 controls the transmission and reception of the signals by the baseband transmitter 96 and the baseband receiver 97. The sensor 94 is configured to transmit and receive pulsed signals with a frequency of 1 Hz to 3000 GHz via the antenna 93. The system preferably operates in the ultra-wideband range, so that the sensor 94 is configured to transmit and receive signals with a frequency of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz via the antenna 93. The sensor 94 sends and receives measurement signals via the antenna 93, with the aid of which the quality of the oil 78 in the oil expansion tank 72 can be determined.

[0067] The module communication unit 62 is configured to communicate with a measurement data processing device 10, in particular the measurement data processing device 10 shown in Fig. 1.

[0068] A temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor 99 is also arranged in the oil expansion tank 72. The temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor 99 is configured to send measurement data to the sensor 94. For this purpose, the temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor 99 can comprise a communication unit that enables communication with the sensor 94, in particular the module communication unit 62. The communication unit of the sensor 99 can be arranged at the opening 95 and, for example, provide a wired connection to the sensor 94. If the temperature, gas, and / or vibration sensor 99 is designed as a gas sensor, it can be configured to detect abnormalities in the gas generated by the oil transformer 70. The sensor 99 can also comprise additional sensor and electronic components that monitor regular operation and a condition of the oil transformer 70.

[0069] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an oil transformer measuring module 60. The oil transformer measuring module 60 can be one of the oil transformer measuring modules shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The oil transformer measuring module 60 comprises a device for obtaining oil measurement data 61 and a module communication unit 62. The device for obtaining oil measurement data 61 comprises a cell 90 for receiving oil from an oil conservator, means 91, 92 for conveying oil from the oil conservator into the cell 90, an antenna 93 for applying a measurement signal to the oil in the cell 90, and a sensor 94 electrically connected to the antenna 93 for measuring an oil quality of an oil transformer. The means for conveying oil from the oil conservator into the cell 90 comprises an electric pump 92 and a hose 91 connected to the cell 90.Thus, an improved technique for processing oil measurement data from oil transformers 70 can be provided.

[0070] In the presented embodiments, various features and functions of the present disclosure have been described separately and in specific combinations. However, it is understood that all or some of these features and functions can be freely combined with one another, unless explicitly excluded.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A measurement data processing device (10) for processing oil measurement data from a plurality of oil transformers (70), comprising a first communication unit (21) configured to receive oil measurement data from the plurality of oil transformers (70), the oil measurement data comprising information relating to an oil quality of the oil transformers (70); a second communication unit (22) configured to receive transformer load data from the plurality of oil transformers (70); a storage device (30) configured to store the received oil measurement data and transformer load data as time series data; and a processing device (40) configured to process the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

2. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers (70) into a first oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

3. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 2, further comprising a first output device (51) configured to send information relating to the first oil transformer classification to a first control device (100) for controlling a load flow in a power grid comprising the plurality of oil transformers (70).

4. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to perform a load flow calculation of high-voltage lines and transformer stations in a power grid comprising the plurality of oil transformers (70) based on the first oil transformer classification.

5. Measurement data processing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second communication unit (22) is configured to receive transformer performance measurement data of the plurality of oil transformers (70), the storage device (30) is configured to store the received transformer performance measurement data as time series data, and the processing device (40) is configured to determine irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers (70) based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data, and / or transformer performance measurement data.

6. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 5, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to determine types of irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers (70) based on the determined irregularities of the plurality of oil transformers (70).

7. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 6, wherein the types of irregularities include transformer insulation irregularities and / or transformer arcing irregularities.

8. Measurement data processing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a third communication unit (23) which is configured to receive environmental data and / or geographical data relating to the plurality of oil transformers (70), wherein the storage device (30) is configured to store the received environmental data and / or geographical data and the processing device (40) is configured to control the plurality of oil transformers (70) based on the stored oil measurement data, Transformer load data, environmental data and / or geographical data into a second oil transformer classification.

9. Measurement data processing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to calculate predictions in real time regarding a service life of components of the plurality of oil transformers (70) based on the stored oil measurement data and transformer load data.

10. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 9, wherein the processing device (40) is configured to calculate the predictions based on deteriorations in oil quality in the oil measurement data.

11. The measurement data processing device (10) according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a fourth communication unit (24) configured to receive data relating to a tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers (70), wherein the storage device (30) is configured to store the received data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers (70), and the processing device (40) is configured to calculate the predictions based on the data relating to the tensile strength of paper insulators and / or arcs in windings of the plurality of oil transformers (70).

12. Measurement data processing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a fifth communication unit (25) which is arranged to receive information concerning transformer failures and / or power failures of the plurality of oil transformers (70), wherein the storage device (30) is configured to store the received information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages, the processing device (40) is configured to classify the plurality of oil transformers (70) into a third oil transformer classification based on the stored oil measurement data, transformer load data and / or the information relating to transformer failures and / or power outages, and the measurement data processing device (10) comprises a second output device (52) configured to send information relating to the third oil transformer classification to a first control device (100) for controlling a load flow in a power supply network comprising the plurality of oil transformers (70).

13. A measuring system comprising the measurement data processing device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims and a plurality of oil transformer measuring modules (60), wherein each oil transformer measuring module (60) comprises a device for obtaining oil measurement data (61) and a module communication unit (62), wherein the oil measurement data comprises information relating to an oil quality of the oil transformers (70) and the module communication unit (62) is configured to send the oil measurement data to the first communication unit (21) of the measurement data processing device (10).

14. The measuring system according to claim 13, wherein the module communication units (62) of the plurality of oil transformer measuring modules (60) are configured to communicate with the first communication unit (21) of the measurement data processing device (10) via an edge or fog layer using a hypersecure gateway (85).

15. Measuring system according to one of claims 13 or 14, further comprising a plurality of oil transformers (70), wherein on or in each oil transformer (70) an oil transformer measuring module (60) of the plurality of oil transformer measuring modules (60) for measuring the oil quality of an oil transformer (70) is detachably attached and each Oil transformer measuring module (60) is configured to measure the oil quality of the oil transformer (70) using measuring signals having a frequency of 1 Hz to 3000 GHz, preferably having a frequency of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz.

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