Headlamp component, test methods and manufacturing and testing methods

Abstract

The invention relates to a headlamp component for a headlamp having a substrate (2) and a coating (3) of the substrate (2) which counteracts reflections, wherein the coating (3) is produced by vapour deposition and the coating (3) has a thickness of between 1 μm and 20 μm.

Description

[0001] Headlight component, test methods and manufacturing and

[0002] Test procedures

[0003] The present invention relates to a headlight component for a headlight according to the features of the preamble of claim 1, a manufacturing method for a headlight component, a testing method for testing an outgassing behavior of a component, in particular a headlight component.

[0004] Generic headlight components have a substrate and a coating on the substrate that counteracts reflections.

[0005] Such headlight components (hereinafter also simply referred to as "components") are installed, for example, inside a headlight. The first requirement for the headlight components is a surface that produces as little scattered light as possible. At the same time, these components should have very low manufacturing tolerances, particularly in the case of components that have light edges, i.e. edges that partially shade a light source. Inaccuracies at the light edge obviously have a direct effect on the light-shadow boundary of the emitted light.

[0006] In addition, very high temperatures occur in headlights, which can potentially lead to gases escaping from the headlight components, condensing on the optical components of the headlight and thereby reducing the transmission of the optical component or generating stray light.

[0007] The requirements set by the automotive industry in view of these circumstances can only be met with state-of-the-art headlight components at extremely high manufacturing costs. Pre-painted material is known as a semi-finished product and can be punched into the correct shape, for example. The disadvantage here is that the manufacturing tolerances are too large because the paint is not sheared off consistently at the punched edges, which may later become light edges, but rather chipping and the like occurs. With this process, the punched edges remain uncoated and shiny, which causes scattered light and reflections. In addition, corrosion can start to set in at the unpainted edges and the prescribed rust resistance of at least 240 hours in the salt spray test is not achieved.

[0008] The same disadvantages also arise when the component is first punched and then painted, because the paint is applied to the light edge with a relatively large and variable layer thickness. The inaccurate distribution of the paint and possible dripping can lead to inaccurate defects at the light edges and scattered light.

[0009] Because of these and other disadvantages, headlight components are also used which are coated by means of galvanization or electrophoresis.

[0010] Electroplated parts generally have better manufacturing tolerances. These coatings have a metallic sheen and generate a great deal of scattered light and reflections, which, as mentioned, should be avoided.

[0011] Coating by electrophoresis and / or dip coating, in addition to larger manufacturing tolerances, also has the further disadvantage that droplet formation can lead to even greater inaccuracies and reflections. In addition to a long list of other applications, WO 2014 / 108326 A describes the use of the coating disclosed therein for reflector surfaces in headlights. However, it is doubtful whether this coating can actually be used for headlight components exposed to high temperatures.

[0012] Irrespective of headlights or the like, coatings are disclosed in DD 298003 A5 and DE 10149148 Al.

[0013] A further aspect of the present invention relates to test methods which are used to investigate the outgassing behaviour of components, such as in particular headlight components.

[0014] It is known to heat the component in a test tube to about 200 ° C and to observe with the naked eye any clouding of the test tube.

[0015] It is obvious that such a procedure can be improved in terms of reproducibility. The findings obtained in this way, of course, only allow for very limited conclusions about whether outgassing actually occurs in headlights, partly because the temperatures in headlights are now higher than those to which the components are heated in the laboratory.

[0016] Therefore, additional methods have been developed to quantify outgassing. One well-known approach is to precisely weigh the test tubes, including the component inside, before and after heating in order to measure the mass reduction due to outgassing. However, this method makes it difficult to predict the optical impairment in the headlight because different substances, once deposited, affect transparency and scattered light to varying degrees.

[0017] Another well-known approach is to chromatographically examine the gases released by high temperatures. This allows the chemical composition of the elements volatile under thermal stress to be determined. However, in principle, it is not possible to accurately predict the optical impairment. Furthermore, this would require complex series of tests to catalog the optical impairments of various individual substances.

[0018] In practice, such studies are not carried out. They also could not take into account possible interactions that may occur between the substances.

[0019] The object of the present invention is therefore to achieve an improvement in the fulfilment of the requirements and / or a simplified production with regard to the headlight component and its production method.

[0020] With regard to the test procedure and the test arrangement, the task is to achieve an improvement in terms of the informative value for actual use, particularly for headlights.

[0021] With regard to the headlight component, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 in that the coating is produced by gas phase deposition and the coating has a thickness of between 1 pm and 20 pm.

[0022] With regard to the manufacturing method for a headlight component, the object is achieved by the features of claim 10 by providing a substrate which is coated by means of gas phase deposition such that the coating has a thickness of between 1 pm and 20 pm and a reflection-counteracting function.

[0023] Manufacturing processes based on vapor deposition are known for being able to produce surfaces with excellent tribological properties.

[0024] Surprisingly, it has been found that these processes are also very well suited to producing reflection-counteracting coatings with optimized layer thicknesses. This optimized layer thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm means that the headlight components can be manufactured with extremely high precision, and the punched edges can be coated completely without adversely affecting the target tolerance. At the same time, virtually no gases are to be expected.

[0025] With regard to the test method, the problem is solved by the features of claim 15 in that

[0026] - a test chamber is provided with at least one transparent element or another element with optical properties,

[0027] - the component to be tested is placed in the test room,

[0028] - the test chamber and / or the component to be tested is heated directly to at least 160 °C, preferably to at least 200 °C, particularly preferably to at least 300 °C and / or between 300 °C and 400 °C, whereby gases may be released from the component to be tested, and

[0029] - subsequently, the at least one transparent element is subjected to an optical measuring method. With regard to the test arrangement, the object is achieved by the features of claim 20, wherein the test arrangement includes: a test chamber with at least one transparent element, a heating device for heating the test chamber and / or the component to be tested to at least 160 ° C, preferably to at least 200 ° C, particularly preferably to at least 300 ° C and / or between 300 ° C and 400 ° C, and a measuring device and / or a measuring setup for carrying out an optical measuring method on the at least one transparent element.

[0030] According to the test method according to the invention and the corresponding test setup, the temperature conditions in the headlight are simulated one-to-one, and the optical measurement method directly checks whether any released gases cause optical impairment. The results of the test method according to the invention can therefore provide direct information about whether a particular component meets the practical requirements of the headlight.

[0031] For the purposes of this document, headlight components can be understood as those components which are to be used in a headlight, preferably a headlight for a motor vehicle, and there preferably in an optical interior space of the headlight, which optical interior space lies in the beam path and / or defines the beam path.

[0032] A substrate can be understood as a base body which is coated according to the invention and can be installed in the headlight.

[0033] A coating that counteracts reflections means that less light is reflected and / or scattered by the coating than would be the case with the substrate without the coating. In other words, the coating can counteract reflections by absorbing more electromagnetic radiation or, to a certain extent, by diffusing it.

[0034] According to the invention, gas phase deposition, which is known per se, is advantageously used to produce this coating.

[0035] The manufacturing method according to the invention can preferably be used to coat several substrates for headlight components simultaneously, even if a single coating is of course conceivable in principle.

[0036] The test chamber according to the test method and the test arrangement according to the invention can be understood as any chamber in which the component to be tested can be arranged and which can be heated to temperatures of at least 160 ° C, preferably at least 200 ° C, particularly preferably at least 300 ° C and / or between 300 ° C and 400 ° C. It should be noted that not all elements of the test chamber necessarily have to be heated to these temperatures. Rather, it must ultimately be ensured that the component to be tested is exposed to the temperatures and thereby preferably heats itself to at least 160 ° C, preferably to at least 200 ° C, particularly preferably to at least 300 ° C and / or between 300 ° C and 400 ° C.

[0037] In particularly preferred embodiments, the test chamber is sealed in such a way that gases cannot escape or can escape only in insignificant quantities (for example by means of silicone seals).

[0038] In preferred embodiments, the test chamber can be a beaker that is sealed with the transparent element—for example, a glass plate. Instead of a transparent element, another element with optical properties to be measured can also be used according to the invention, such as a shiny steel plate with a defined degree of gloss. For the sake of simplicity, reference is made below to a transparent element, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that the same applies to other elements with optical properties.

[0039] This means that the transparent element does not have to be 100% transparent, which would be impossible anyway. Rather, the transparent element should exhibit good transparency so that the optical measurement method can subsequently deliver acceptable accuracy.

[0040] The heating device can, for example, be designed as a heating jacket known per se.

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, the component to be tested could be heated directly using radiant heat.

[0042] According to the test method according to the invention, the component to be tested is preferably arranged in the test chamber and the test chamber is then closed.

[0043] The provision of the test room can be understood as the provision of both the unlocked and the locked test room.

[0044] In preferred embodiments, the heating of the test chamber to over 300°C can occur after the test chamber has been arranged (and preferably closed). Of course, it is also conceivable in principle to arrange the component to be tested in the already heated test chamber. After the component to be tested has been exposed to a temperature of over 300°C, an optical measurement method is carried out on the transparent element according to the invention.

[0045] Preferably, the transparent element can be removed from the test chamber and fed into a separate measuring device and / or test setup. In principle, it would also be conceivable to perform the optical measurement method directly in or on the test chamber, with the component to be tested still located in the test chamber or already removed.

[0046] Particularly preferably, the measuring setup and / or the measuring device for carrying out the optical measuring method are far enough away from the device used to heat the test chamber that the optical measuring method is not impaired.

[0047] For the purposes of this document, optical measurement methods can be understood as those measurement methods that are used to measure optical quantities, for example transparency, which can in principle provide information about effects on or impairment of optical components.

[0048] The test method according to the invention can be used to test the optical impairment caused by gases and vapors from: metals, coatings, paints, liquids, plastics, adhesives, films, etc., in detail, for example, as follows:

[0049] 1) Raw materials: DX51D+Z275 (galvanized), DX53D+AS120

[0050] (aluminized), stainless steel 1.4301 and 1.4310

[0051] 2) Coatings: heat-resistant paints, galvanizing,

[0052] Galvanic coatings, especially ceramic ones,

[0053] Carbon, adhesive, or PVC-CVD surfaces; the following subgroups arise: A) solvent-based coatings, B) water-based coatings, C) powder coating, D) plasma coating etc.

[0054] 3 ) Plastics of all kinds, liquids

[0055] In principle, several components to be tested can be tested simultaneously using the test method and / or the test arrangement according to the invention. In preferred embodiments, however, the components to be tested are arranged individually in the test chamber and tested individually.

[0056] Also protected is a headlight with a headlight component according to the invention.

[0057] Furthermore, a headlight component according to the invention is protected in a headlight, preferably in a motor vehicle.

[0058] Furthermore, a manufacturing method for a headlight is protected, wherein a headlight component according to the invention and / or a headlight component manufactured according to the invention is installed.

[0059] Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0060] The thickness of the coating according to the invention can preferably be between 1 pm and 12 pm, preferably between 2 pm and 6 pm.

[0061] The coating can preferably be produced by chemical vapor deposition, particularly preferably plasma-chemical vapor deposition. Alternatively, physical vapor deposition can also be used. The coating can contain crystalline carbon and / or crystalline silicon, preferably consisting essentially of crystalline carbon and / or crystalline silicon.

[0062] In particularly preferred embodiments, fluorine is also bound in the coating, which can provide a dark, matte surface for the fluorinated coating. Fluorine outgassing is only expected at temperatures of approximately 450 °C.

[0063] In particularly preferred embodiments, it can be a so-called DLC coating (short for "diamond-like carbon" coating), which is preferably fluorinated (then DLC-F coating).

[0064] The coating may comprise at least two layers.

[0065] It may preferably be provided that

[0066] - a first layer closest to the substrate contains crystalline silicon, preferably consisting essentially of crystalline silicon, and / or

[0067] - a second layer located on a surface of the headlight component contains crystalline carbon, preferably consisting essentially of crystalline carbon.

[0068] The first layer or the second layer or both layers may be fluorinated.

[0069] For coating, the substrate can be exposed to at least one gas phase containing silicon and / or carbon and / or hydrogen and / or fluorine.

[0070] In particularly preferred embodiments, it can be provided that - the substrate is exposed to a first gas phase to produce a first layer closest to the substrate, which first gas phase contains silicon and / or hydrogen and / or fluorine, preferably consists essentially of silicon and / or hydrogen and / or fluorine, and / or

[0071] - the substrate, optionally together with at least one already existing layer, is exposed to a second gas phase to produce a second layer lying on a surface of the headlight component to be produced, which second gas phase contains carbon and / or hydrogen and / or fluorine, preferably consists essentially of carbon and / or hydrogen and / or fluorine.

[0072] The first layer can produce particularly good adhesion of the coating to the substrate.

[0073] The second layer can have particularly good anti-reflection properties.

[0074] Of course, designs with three or more layers are also conceivable.

[0075] In particularly preferred embodiments, the substrate is roughened before coating, preferably by brushing and / or sandblasting.

[0076] The surface roughness of the substrate before coating can preferably be between Ra 1 and Ra 6.

[0077] The coating according to the invention also makes it possible to coat roughened substrates in such a way that the roughness is not impaired by the coating due to its low thickness, unlike, for example, a lacquer, which would mask the roughness and create a smooth, reflective surface. The scattered light suppression can therefore be particularly pronounced in these particularly preferred embodiments.

[0078] Particularly preferably, headlight components with a gloss level of less than 30 GU (gloss units), preferably less than 10 GU, can be produced and / or provided in this or another way in order to avoid reflections.

[0079] The hydrogen in the first gas phase and / or the second gas phase can be used to activate the respective gas phase with the addition of energy. Depending on the material, cold deposition occurs at temperatures between 60°C and 220°C. A smaller proportion of the hydrogen may remain bound in the coating. Above approximately 350°C, the bound hydrogen is expected to escape as a colorless gas, which does not affect the optical properties of the headlight component.

[0080] The substrate may preferably consist of metal, ceramic, plastic and / or glass.

[0081] In preferred embodiments, the substrate may be subjected to plasma cleaning prior to coating.

[0082] In the test method according to the invention, it can preferably be provided that the test chamber is heated to at least 160 ° C, preferably to at least 200 ° C, particularly preferably to at least 300 ° C and / or between 300 ° C and 400 ° C over a period of at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes and particularly preferably 60 minutes or more.

[0083] Thus, the component to be tested can preferably be exposed to a temperature of at least 160 ° C, preferably at least 200 ° C, particularly preferably at least 300 ° C and / or between 300 ° C and 400 ° C for a period of at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes and particularly preferably 60 minutes or more.

[0084] The heating of the test chamber and / or the component to be tested can be regulated or controlled. For temperature control, at least one temperature sensor can be provided, which measures the temperature of the test chamber, the transparent element, and / or the component to be tested.

[0085] It may be intended to simulate a headwind,

[0086] By means of the optical measuring method, a transparency, a degree of gloss and / or a turbidity of the at least one transparent element can preferably be measured.

[0087] A transmission measurement can preferably be carried out as follows. The light transmission is tested in the wavelength range of visible light (approx. 380–780 nm). First, the measurement can be performed on the unexposed glass (= 100% reference) and then the transmission measurement on the vapor-deposited glass. The results are compared, and the difference provides the reduction in transmission (e.g., in %) compared to the reference sample.

[0088] This also makes it possible, for example, to compare approved materials already in use with new materials. For example, when using new paints, plastics, adhesives, oils, or other temperature-sensitive materials.

[0089] A reflection or gloss measurement can preferably be performed as follows. For this type of test, either a glass plate or a shiny steel plate can be used for vapor deposition. Depending on the component, the illumination can be from three different angles (e.g., 20° for glossy surfaces, 60° for semi-matte surfaces, and 85° for completely matte surfaces).

[0090] The remaining measurement sequence can be carried out analogously to the transmission measurement, whereby the wavelength of the remaining reflected light is also measured.

[0091] Turbidity or haze measurements can preferably be carried out as follows: Four spectra are compared and the turbidity values ​​are offset against each other. The measurement is taken in the transmission setup as described for the transmission measurement. The first measurement of the uncoated glass with the shutter closed is the white reference. The second measurement of the same glass with the shutter open gives the halo value. The third measurement then measures the loaded glass with the shutter open. The fourth and final measurement is carried out on the loaded glass with the shutter closed.

[0092] In principle, the procedures for transmittance, gloss and turbidity measurements are known in the state of the art, independent of the test method according to the invention.

[0093] In particularly preferred embodiments, the at least one transparent element can be subjected to the optical measuring method as a reference measurement before heating the test chamber and / or before being introduced into the test chamber.

[0094] The at least one transparent element, in particular in the form of a glass plate, can be removed from the test chamber for carrying out the optical measurement method and / or arranged in a separate measurement setup. Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the figures and the associated description. Shown are:

[0095] Fig. 1a to 1d are schematic representations of an embodiment according to the invention of a

[0096] Manufacturing process for a

[0097] Headlight component, to an inventive embodiment of a

[0098] Headlight component and a headlight,

[0099] Fig. 2a to 2d are schematic representations for carrying out an embodiment of an inventive

[0100] manufacturing process,

[0101] Fig. 3a to 3c schematic diagrams of manufacturing tolerances,

[0102] Fig. 4a to 4c schematic diagrams of manufacturing tolerances,

[0103] Fig. 5a to 5c are schematic representations of an embodiment of a test method according to the invention,

[0104] Fig . 6a and 6b further schematic representations of the embodiment according to Figures 4a to 4c and

[0105] Fig. 7a to 7f are schematic representations of a further embodiment of a test method according to the invention.

[0106] Fig. 1a schematically shows a substrate 2 which can be used according to an embodiment of the invention of a manufacturing method of a headlight component.

[0107] The substrate 2 consists of metal, ceramic, plastic and / or

[0108] Glass. The substrate 2 is subjected to plasma cleaning before coating.

[0109] First, a first layer 4 is applied to the substrate 2 by means of plasma chemical vapor deposition ( Fig . 1b ).

[0110] The first layer 4, closest to the substrate 2, consists of crystalline silicon, which creates good adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3. To produce the first layer 4, the substrate 2 is exposed to a first gas phase, which first gas phase consists essentially of silicon and / or hydrogen.

[0111] Then, in a further process step, a second layer 5 is applied to the first layer 4, also by means of plasma chemical vapor deposition ( Fig . 1c ).

[0112] The second layer 5, located on a surface of the headlight component 1, consists essentially of crystalline carbon, which allows particularly good anti-reflection properties to be achieved. To produce the second layer 5, the substrate together with the first layer 4 is exposed to a second gas phase, which consists essentially of carbon and / or hydrogen.

[0113] The first layer 4 and the second layer 5 together form the coating 3 according to an embodiment of the invention, so that the headlight component 1 is present in Fig. 1c.

[0114] In this exemplary embodiment, a so-called DLC coating 3 (short for "diamond-like carbon" coating 3) is used, which is preferably fluorinated. DLC coatings are known per se. They are preferably used in the prior art when the tribological properties of the surface are important.

[0115] The thickness of the coating 3 according to the invention in this embodiment is between 2 pm and 6 pm.

[0116] This headlight component 1 can be installed in a headlight 10 shown in Fig. 1d.

[0117] The headlight component 1 according to this exemplary embodiment is thin-layered, scratch-resistant, corrosion- and heat-resistant, highly precise and combines the following additional advantages:

[0118] - Layer thickness <5 + / -2pm to maintain the precision of the light edge

[0119] - opaque, drip-free and even coating of the light edge

[0120] - Avoiding layer-free areas to avoid stray light

[0121] - Salt spray resistance is over 480 hours

[0122] 100% freedom from outgassing in continuous operation - permanently good luminosity - verified by the connected light testing system for monitoring the transmission, reflection (gloss level) and turbidity changes (confirmed by the test method according to the invention)

[0123] - Gloss level less than 30 GU, preferably less than 10 GU (Gloss Units), to avoid reflections

[0124] - The surface is very hard, scratch-free, and abrasion-resistant; no paint crumbles or flaking of material in the headlight. The coating will not peel off during installation with screws. Screw contact surfaces and clamping points no longer need to be covered with paint.

[0125] - Adhesion strength - Cross-cut test GT0 / GT1 - The coating 3 according to the invention can also be applied to stainless steel, steel, and aluminum, as well as to ceramic, plastic, or glass. This results in a broader range of materials for various applications.

[0126] - Due to the full-surface coating 3 according to the invention, no corrosion can occur at the edges.

[0127] - Continuous temperature resistance up to at least 340 ° C

[0128] - No color change under temperature influence

[0129] - No flaking of the coating during assembly with screws. The coating 3 according to the invention improves the sliding properties of the surface. The coating method according to the invention can therefore be used for parts that rub against or slide against each other.

[0130] - Scores and shape deviations on punched edges are levelled out by the treatment and deviations up to 0.03 mm are smoothed out (see Fig. 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c).

[0131] For the production of the coating 3 according to the invention, a vacuum chamber 24 (also referred to as a vacuum vessel) is used, for example, in which a coating frame 29 is arranged. This is shown schematically in Fig. 2a. The substrates 2 to be coated are attached to the coating frame 29 by means of hooks 31.

[0132] The vacuum chamber 24 includes an opening 25 for a vacuum pump (not shown) which maintains the pressure in the vacuum chamber 24 at, for example, 5 Pa.

[0133] The vacuum chamber 24 includes a gas inlet 26 for the

[0134] Gas phase, which in this exemplary embodiment is converted into a

[0135] Plasma aggregate state is transferred. The vacuum chamber 24 contains an opening 27 for one or more plasma electrodes 27.

[0136] The vacuum chamber 24 includes a separate opening 28 for the power supply.

[0137] The coating frame 29 is shown in Figures 2b to 2d in various views without the vacuum chamber 24.

[0138] In this exemplary embodiment, the coating frame 29 consists of upright rods 30 (here, stainless steel tubes, material 1.4301, diameter 15 xl, 5 mm) between which wires (diameter 5 mm) are attached as cross braces. The hooks 31 hang from these cross braces.

[0139] The distances between the rods 30 are, for example, 60 mm to 80 mm.

[0140] The vertical distances between the hooks are, for example, 60 mm to 120 mm.

[0141] The distances between the substrates 2 to be coated are, for example, 20 mm to 40 mm.

[0142] As mentioned, the substrates 2 which are to be coated in order to be used as headlight components 1 are suspended from these hooks 31 and thus contacted.

[0143] As mentioned, the plasma treatment creates the coating 3 .

[0144] As soon as coating racks 29 no longer ensure sufficient current flow, they can be preferentially stripped. This occurs in the vacuum chamber 24 or in a separate chamber furnace at temperatures starting at 450°C.

[0145] A more concrete embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention is described below.

[0146] Step 1) Pretreatment:

[0147] On roughening the component surface (surface of the substrate 2) by grinding, brushing or blasting to a roughness depth Ra 1 - 6 to improve adhesion and ensure the cross-cut test GT 0 / GT 1, as well as to adjust the desired degree of gloss and reflection behavior.

[0148] The grit size of the grinding, brushing, or blasting media can be adapted to the raw material used. The harder the raw material, the coarser the grit size can be selected. High surface roughness reduces surface gloss and increases adhesion. A lower surface roughness increases gloss and reflection.

[0149] Step 2) Cleaning:

[0150] Removal of dust, loose material residues and degreasing using a spray or ultrasonic cleaning device, followed by rinsing (parts should then be free of cleaning agent) and drying, to a surface tension of at least >38 mNm.

[0151] Surface tension can be tested using the Arco test. The parts should be stored as dust-free as possible until further processing.

[0152] Step 3) Loading the fixtures: Loading the fixtures (ie the coating rack 29, see Fig. 2a to 2d), the fixtures themselves should of course be clean and free of grease.

[0153] The contact points for the headlight components 1 to be coated should be metallically bare for an ideal layer structure, part spacing preferably at least 20 mm (variable depending on the component size).

[0154] Complete vacuum and plasma flushing should preferably be ensured.

[0155] Step 4) DLC-F plasma coating:

[0156] Matched to the base material of the substrate 2, an adhesion layer and a functional layer are produced by means of vapor deposition under vacuum (for example in a vacuum chamber 24 according to Fig. 2a) using the PCVD process ("plasma chemical vapor deposition").

[0157] In this embodiment, the aforementioned adaptation of the process to the material of substrate 2 is achieved through the processing time and temperature control. Depending on the component, layers of 1-2 pm per hour can be produced, for example. The average processing temperature for thin, lightweight sheet metal parts is 150°C (so-called cold deposition).

[0158] First gas phase for the first layer (adhesion layer): approximately 60% Si; 40% H

[0159] Second gas phase for the second layer (main layer): approximately 80% C; 20% H A small amount of fluorine may be present in the first gas phase and / or the second gas phase to produce a fluorinated coating.

[0160] The gas mixture in the vacuum chamber (recipient) is ionized ("heated") by temperature and electrical voltage, thereby forming a plasma. The plasma generates molecular fragments of the various gases, which are deposited on surfaces. These form the building blocks of the coating, which gradually grows, i.e., increases in thickness.

[0161] In this embodiment, all layers—both the adhesion layer (first layer 4) and the functional layer (second layer 5)—are deposited from the gas phase. Single-, two-, or multi-stage vacuum pumps are required for the vacuum chamber to function. Plasma excitation is achieved, for example, via direct current, high-frequency, and / or medium-frequency (1 kW to 10 kW).

[0162] Processing temperature: depending on component size and material T= 50 - 220°C

[0163] Operating pressure: between 1 Pa to 100 Pa

[0164] Metal, ceramic, plastic and glass can be coated with a layer thickness of 2-6 pm.

[0165] Layer hardnesses from 500 HV to 3000 HV and / or

[0166] Operating temperatures of at least up to 340° C can be achieved.

[0167] The duration of the coating process depends on the required or desired layer thickness and application. Example of the coating process for steel sheets s=0.5mm, weight 2g:

[0168] Vacuum generation, plasma cleaning, adhesive layer, coating process as above, ventilation

[0169] Distance between the parts approx. 4 cm

[0170] Process temperature: 200 ° C

[0171] According to this example, the parts are mounted cleanly and grease-free on racks, which are then pushed into the plasma chamber.

[0172] After the process described above, the parts are cooled in air and can then be packaged immediately.

[0173] In this embodiment, no solvents or other harmful substances are released.

[0174] The process heat is dissipated, for example, via an exhaust air duct and cross heat exchanger.

[0175] Step 5 ) Removal from the device and packaging :

[0176] The removal can be done manually, by robots and / or in bulk.

[0177] Packaging and delivery as bulk goods is possible because the coating 3 according to the invention is scratch-resistant.

[0178] The supply via product carriers, separation and packaging by

[0179] Robots as positioned set goods or manual removal from the carrier frame or the goods carrier and packaging as set goods are also possible.

[0180] Step 6 ) Decoating the coating racks and product carriers :

[0181] As soon as the conductivity between the product carrier and the headlight component 1 is no longer present, the carrier frames can be stripped. This can be done either directly by plasma treatment or by a separate heat treatment in a tempering furnace at 450-600 °C (1 hour furnace run with exhaust air).

[0182] Figs. 3a to 3c illustrate the manufacturing precision that can be achieved using various methods. Fig. 3a initially shows a desired outline of a headlight component 1. The irregular further line represents an exaggerated example of the actual contour after a corresponding punching process.

[0183] Fig. 3b shows the part after a painting process according to the prior art with a layer thickness of 10-45pm.

[0184] Fig. 3c shows the part after the coating process according to the invention. It is evident that the headlight component 1 in Fig. 3c manufactured according to the invention conforms much more precisely to the desired contour than the painted part in Fig. 3b.

[0185] This is due to the lower coating thickness required according to the invention and to a smoothing effect which is produced by gas phase deposition

[0186] Coatings 3 have. Figs. 4a to 4c are each analogous to Figs. 3a to 3c with a different initial contour.

[0187] Fig. 5a shows schematically a part of a test arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0188] For heating the test chamber 6 (see Fig. 5c and 6b), a heating device 9 in the form of a heating jacket is provided.

[0189] In this embodiment, the heating jacket is arranged in a climate cabinet 15.

[0190] In addition, a wind simulation device 13 is provided, which blows colder air onto the transparent element 7 in order to simulate wind.

[0191] The wind simulation device of this embodiment includes a compressed air connection (e.g., 9 mm inner diameter) with a flow meter and an anemometer, which can simulate airflow between 0 and 130 km / h.

[0192] Temperature sensors 12 measure the temperature in the climate chamber 15, on the component to be tested, here the headlight component 1 from Fig. 1c, and on the transparent element 7.

[0193] The measured values ​​of the temperature sensors 12 are fed to the temperature controller 14, which controls the heating device 9.

[0194] In this embodiment, the temperature controller 14 includes a 3-channel temperature measuring device.

[0195] In this embodiment, the temperature controller 14 also controls the climate cabinet 15. The temperatures and, preferably, the simulated airflow are regulated (or controlled) in such a way that the situation in an actual headlight 10 can be very well simulated.

[0196] For this purpose, an ambient temperature between -5° C and 5° C, preferably around 0° C, can be maintained in the climate chamber.

[0197] Fig. 5b shows the climate cabinet 15 in a schematic

[0198] Exterior view .

[0199] Fig. 5c shows the test arrangement from Fig. 5a in a

[0200] Sectional view (plane AA in Fig. 5b).

[0201] In Fig. 5c, the test chamber 6 can be seen in more detail, which in this embodiment consists of a beaker (e.g. with 70 mm diameter, 130 mm height and 500 ml volume) arranged in the heating jacket.

[0202] The test chamber 6 is closed by a glass plate (e.g. 90 mm by 90 mm with a thickness of 2.5 mm), which serves as a transparent element 7 for the test procedure.

[0203] Also visible is the exact arrangement of the

[0204] Temperature sensors 12 in this embodiment.

[0205] Figs. 6a and 6b show the heating jacket together with the test chamber 6 located therein. In particular, the elements mentioned in Fig. 5c are also clearly visible in Fig. 6b.

[0206] In Fig. 6b there are also seals, here silicone seals 21 (e.g.

[0207] B. Sealing ring with outer diameter 85 mm, inner diameter 65 mm,

[0208] Thickness 5 mm and / or O-ring (outer diameter 72 mm, inner diameter 56 mm, thickness 8 mm), and a steel ring 22 (e.g. outer diameter 130 mm, inner diameter 70 mm, thickness 10 mm) can be seen, which are used to close the test chamber 6.

[0209] According to the exemplary embodiment of the test method according to the invention presented here, the test chamber 6 and thus the component 1 to be tested arranged therein are heated to between 300° C and 400° C over a period of 60 minutes, whereby gases may be released from the component to be tested.

[0210] In principle, test chamber 6 could also be heated to temperatures below 300° C, for example between 160° C and 300° C.

[0211] Subsequently, the at least one transparent element 7 is removed from the test chamber 6, preferably the gassed side is marked, for example, by engraving or embossing, and subjected to an optical measuring method, for which an embodiment is described in connection with Figs. 7a to 7f.

[0212] Fig.7a schematically shows a measuring setup 8 for carrying out the optical measuring method according to an embodiment.

[0213] In a darkroom 16 (e.g. width 500 mm, depth 400 mm, height 600 mm) there is a clamping device 19 in which the transparent element 7, here a glass plate, is clamped.

[0214] A symbolically represented light source 17 (e.g., a broadband laser plasma light source with an emission spectrum between 190 nm and 2500 nm and / or with a fiber coupler) produces electromagnetic waves in the optical range, which are coupled into the transparent element 7 via a light guide 18 (e.g., fiber optic, "patch cord"). In this embodiment, the light transmitted through the transparent element 7 is captured by an integrating sphere and fed to a measuring device 11 by means of a further light guide 18.

[0215] In this exemplary embodiment, the integrating sphere is part of a

[0216] Light collecting module 20 (see Fig . 7b and 7f ) .

[0217] The measuring device 11 in this case is a spectrometer (e.g. a fiber optic spectrometer with a detection range between wavelengths of 200 nm and 100 nm).

[0218] The light coupled into and transmitted through the transparent element 7 can thus be collected and fed to the measuring device 11 so that the intensity of the transmitted light can be measured, which is a measure of the transparency of the transparent element 7.

[0219] Preferably, this or another optical measuring method can be carried out once as a reference measurement before the component 1 to be tested has been heated in the test chamber 6, and once afterwards.

[0220] By comparing the two measured values, direct conclusions can be drawn as to whether any outgassing of the component 1 to be tested has taken place in such a way that the released gases are expected to impair the optical properties and performance of other components, in particular those in a headlight 10 of a motor vehicle.

[0221] Fig. 7b to 7d show the clamping device 19 for clamping the transparent element 7 in a perspective view (Fig. 7b), a side view (Fig. 7c) and a view from above (Fig. 7d).

[0222] In this embodiment, a plate holder 23 is provided for clamping or holding the transparent element 7.

[0223] In this embodiment, the transparent element 7 is clamped with the gassed and / or marked side facing upwards.

[0224] It should be mentioned that the light collecting module 20 can be pivoted on the clamping device or mounted in different angular positions.

[0225] This enables not only pure transmission measurement, but also the measurement of other optical quantities, such as gloss and / or turbidity.

[0226] As already mentioned, transparent elements 7 do not need to be used to measure certain alternative optical quantities. For example, shiny steel plates with a defined gloss level can also be used. In this case, in practice, a transmission measurement cannot be performed, but rather a measurement of a reflection or gloss level.

[0227] This is illustrated in Fig. 7e with different angle values ​​superimposed on the representation in Fig. 7a.

[0228] The light collecting module 20, in this embodiment with an integrating sphere, is shown separately in Fig. 7 f.

[0229] The integrating sphere of this embodiment has an inner diameter of 50.5 mm. A more specific embodiment of a test sequence using the devices shown in Figures 5a to 5c, 6a and 6b, and 7a to 7e will be described below.

[0230] Step 1) Laboratory beaker, volume 500ml (test chamber 6) , as well as test glass plate 90x90x3mm (transparent element 7) , are cleaned free of grease and annealed in an oven for 1 hour at 300°C to 400°C, depending on the desired test temperature (see Fig. 5a to 5c and Fig. 6a and 6b).

[0231] Step 2) In a darkroom 16, the glass plate is illuminated with a light source 17. The light transmission (alternatively, gloss or turbidity) of this unloaded test plate is measured and recorded using an integrating sphere with a connected light guide. The test glass plate is clearly marked with an engraving and stored in a clean, dust-free environment (see Figs. 7a to 7f).

[0232] Step 3) The coated and labeled test materials (components to be tested, such as painted sheets, plastic parts, metals, adhesives, etc.) are prepared according to the specifications for their intended use in the headlight. Sample sheets of 1g (70.7x8x1mm steel) are used for comparison of painted surfaces. When testing painted parts, the gloss level, cross-cut pattern, and coating thickness are measured.

[0233] Step 4) Setup see Fig. 5a to 5c and Fig. 6a and 6b: The glass container from step 1 is filled with the corresponding components to be tested 1 and sealed with a temperature-resistant seal and the test plate. The temperature probes are attached to the substrate and the test glass. The container contents are then heated to the desired test temperature (e.g. 300 ° C) in a temperature-controlled climate chamber for 1 hour and kept at a constant temperature. The outer surface of the container is cooled by the climate chamber - escaping vapors and gases from the heated substrate sample part settle on the inside of the container and on the cooled test glass plate and thus cloud the inner surfaces.

[0234] After removal, the test tube is stored in a dust- and grease-free place. These glass plates should preferably be held only by the side edges, wearing gloves. The top and bottom of the plate should not be touched. The vapor-coated side of the test tube is marked.

[0235] Step 5) For setup, see Fig. 7a to 7e: Optionally, the test glass plate can also be subjected to a headwind simulation. For this purpose, oil-free compressed air is blown onto the glass plate via a 9 mm diameter hose nozzle at a speed of 0-130 km / h.

[0236] Step 6) For setup, see Figs. 7a to 7e: The test glass is illuminated with the vapor-coated side facing upwards in the darkroom 16 using the same light source 17. The light transmission (or alternatively, gloss level or turbidity) of this now loaded, vapor-coated test plate is determined and recorded via the integrating sphere and the light guide 18 (as in step 2). As mentioned, care must be taken to ensure that the vapor-coated / gas-coated side of the test glass is oriented toward the light source.

[0237] Step 7) The change in light transmission (or gloss level, turbidity) caused by vapors / gases escaping from the substrate can be detected by measuring the change in the measured values ​​between unexposed glass (step 2) and exposed glass (step 6). This method is applicable to all materials (metal, plastic, wood, etc.) and surfaces.

[0238] In summary, the test method according to the invention can be used to carry out an optically measured, reproducible light opacity test for headlight components, for example. A measurement method can be implemented to check the influence of outgassing and vapors on glass panes. It can also be used to monitor changes in light transmission, gloss level, and opacity on glass caused by volatile vaporizing substances such as paints, adhesives, plasticizers in plastics, etc. in temperature-stressed environments (e.g., in headlights, lights, cooling systems, exhaust ducts, etc.).

[0239] Under the influence of temperature, many materials release gases, vapors, and solvents that precipitate on neighboring components. The invention provides a test method for the measurable detection of the influence of outgassing and vapors on the luminous intensity of headlights made of various materials and surface coatings.

[0240] This allows, in particular, existing, approved reference materials to be compared with newly developed materials and coatings. A standardized test procedure is intended to provide a visually assessable assessment of the change in light conditions after thermal stress.

[0241] Components in headlights are exposed to high temperatures (up to 300°C and more). Depending on the material, this can cause gases and vapors to escape, negatively impacting the light quality. The optical impairment caused by vapor deposition on the sample glass can be measured according to the invention. The loss of light transmission and gloss level, as well as the opacity, resulting from fogging, can be output as a reference value.

[0242] The chemical composition of the released elements or weight loss due to outgassing ultimately play no role.

[0243] In practice, the temperature stress range on substrate 2 extends from approximately 0 to 300°C. This allows, for the first time, the invention to release and test volatile substances above 200°C. Upon request, tests can also be carried out at temperatures up to 400°C or higher.

[0244] Various climatic environmental influences can be simulated. For example, the ambient temperature can be set between -40°C and +80°C.

[0245] Furthermore, airflow can be blown onto the test glass at speeds of 0–130 km / h. All this occurs while the substrate 2 is brought to the required operating temperature inside the test chamber 6.

[0246] Reference symbol list:

[0247] 1 headlight component

[0248] 2 Substrat

[0249] 3 Coating

[0250] 4 first layer

[0251] 5 second layer

[0252] 6 Test room

[0253] 7 transparent element

[0254] 8 Measurement setup for carrying out the optical measurement method

[0255] 9 Heating device

[0256] 10 headlights

[0257] 11 Measuring device

[0258] 12 Temperature sensor

[0259] 13 Wind simulation device

[0260] 14 temperature controllers

[0261] 15 climate cabinet

[0262] 16 Darkroom

[0263] 17 Light source

[0264] 18 light guides

[0265] 19 Clamping device

[0266] 20 light collecting module

[0267] 21 silicone seals

[0268] 22 steel ring

[0269] 23 plate holders

[0270] 24 vacuum chamber

[0271] 25 Opening for vacuum pump

[0272] 26 Gas inlet

[0273] 27 Opening for plasma electrodes

[0274] 28 Opening for power supply

[0275] 29 Coating rack

[0276] 30 bars

[0277] 31 hooks

Claims

Patent claims Headlight component for a headlight with a substrate (2) and a reflection-counteracting coating (3) on the substrate (2), characterized in that the coating (3) is produced by vapor deposition and the coating (3) has a thickness between 1 pm and 20 pm. Headlight component according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the coating (3) is between 1 pm and 12 pm, preferably between 2 pm and 6 pm. Headlight component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (3) is produced by chemical vapor deposition, particularly preferably plasma-chemical vapor deposition.Headlight component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (3) contains crystalline carbon and / or crystalline silicon, preferably consisting essentially of crystalline carbon and / or crystalline silicon, wherein fluorine is particularly preferably additionally bound in the coating. Headlight component according to one of the preceding claims. Claims, characterized in that the coating (3) comprises at least two layers (4, 5). Headlight component according to claim 4 and claim 5, characterized in that - a first layer (4) closest to the substrate (2) contains crystalline silicon, preferably consisting essentially of crystalline silicon, and / or - a second one, on a surface of the headlight component (1) layer (5) contains crystalline carbon, preferably in consists essentially of crystalline carbon.

7. Headlight component according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the substrate (2) consists of metal, ceramic, plastic and / or glass.

8. Headlight with a headlight component according to one of the preceding claims.

9. Use of a headlight component according to one of claims 1 to 7 in a headlight.

10. Manufacturing process for producing a Headlight component, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a substrate (2) is provided which is coated by means of gas phase deposition such that the coating (3) has a thickness between 1 pm and 20 pm and a reflection-counteracting function.

11. Manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the substrate (2) is exposed to at least one gas phase containing silicon and / or carbon and / or hydrogen for coating.

12. Manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein - the substrate (2) is exposed to a first gas phase to produce a first layer (4) closest to the substrate (2), which first gas phase contains silicon and / or Contains hydrogen, preferably consists essentially of silicon and / or hydrogen, and / or - the substrate (2), optionally together with at least one already existing layer, is exposed to a second gas phase to produce a second layer (5) lying on a surface of the headlight component (1) to be produced, which second gas phase contains carbon and / or hydrogen, preferably consists essentially of carbon and / or hydrogen. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the substrate (2) is subjected to plasma cleaning before coating. Manufacturing method for producing a headlight, wherein a headlight component according to one of claims 1 to 7 and / or a headlight component produced according to one of claims 10 to 13 is installed. Test method for testing the outgassing behavior of a component, in particular a headlight component, wherein - a test chamber (6) is provided with at least one transparent element (7) or another element with optical properties, - the component to be tested (1) is placed in the test chamber (6), - the test chamber (6) and / or the component (1) to be tested is heated directly to at least 160°C, preferably to at least 200°C, particularly preferably to at least 300°C and / or between 300°C and 400°C, whereby gases may be released from the component (1) to be tested, and - subsequently, the at least one transparent element (7) is subjected to an optical measuring method. Testing method according to claim 15, wherein the testing chamber (6) is heated to at least 160°C, preferably to at least 200°C, particularly preferably to at least 300°C and / or between 300°C and 400°C over a period of at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes and particularly preferably 60 minutes or more. Testing method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein a transparency, a degree of gloss and / or a turbidity of the at least one transparent element (7) is measured by means of the optical measuring method. Testing method according to one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the at least one transparent element (7) is subjected to the optical measuring method as a reference measurement before the testing chamber (6) is heated and / or before being introduced into the testing chamber (6).Testing method according to one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the at least one transparent element (7), in particular in the form of a glass plate, is removed from the test chamber (6) for carrying out the optical measuring method and / or is arranged in a separate measuring setup (8). Testing arrangement, in particular for carrying out a testing method according to one of claims 15 to 19, comprising a test chamber (6) with at least one transparent element (7), a heating device (9) for heating the test chamber (6) and / or the component (1) to be tested to at least 160°C, preferably to at least 200°C, particularly preferably to at least 300°C and / or between 300°C and 400°C, and. a measuring device (11) and / or a measuring setup (8) for carrying out an optical measuring method on at least one transparent element (7).

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