Detonator unscrewing device

Abstract

Modular device for defusing a mine, wherein a cable pulley of the modular device for defusing a mine has at least one radial groove and at least one interface suitable for a detonator housing of a detonator.

Description

field of technology

[0001] The invention relates to the methods and products specified in the preamble of the independent claims. State of the art

[0002] Mines, as instruments of military and, in some cases, civilian conflict, come in a variety of forms and functions. The primary categories include anti-tank mines, anti-personnel mines, and sea mines. Despite their specific applications, these mines are characterized by their construction from explosive materials such as TNT, RDX, or HMX and the integration of a detonation mechanism. These detonation devices vary in complexity and mode of operation, employing mechanical, electrical, pyrotechnic, or combined trigger mechanisms.

[0003] Within the category of anti-tank mines, which the product described here focuses on, two generations can be distinguished. First-generation mines are characterized by a simple design without a defined lifespan or duration of action, making them cost-effective and suitable for mass production. Second-generation mines, on the other hand, feature sophisticated mechanisms that enable self-protection or self-destruction after specific periods of time. These are technically more complex and equipped with electronic detonation and activation devices, making them more expensive to purchase and less frequently used.

[0004] The deployment and installation of first-generation anti-tank mines is still common practice because it represents a quick, simple, and cost-effective method of hampering advancing enemy forces. Delivery methods range from manual deployment and mechanical systems to ballistic and air-dropped solutions. Particular emphasis is placed on manual and mechanical deployment methods, especially when it comes to the application of new mine clearance equipment. The method of deployment influences the visibility and thus the detectability of the mines: openly deployed mines are easier to identify, while covertly deployed mines, which are deployed below the ground's surface, pose a greater challenge.

[0005] First-generation mines are theoretically considered safe to handle as long as the trigger pressure, which represents a defined force limit, is not exceeded. However, this assumption is undermined by the presence of anti-receptacle devices, additional detonators, and manual manipulation devices such as booby traps, which pose a significant additional hazard.

[0006] Mine clearance is carried out for both military and civilian reasons. In the military sector, tactical reasons predominate, with various methods available, such as mine clearance ladders, mechanical clearance systems, and the manual deployment of explosive ordnance disposal units. In the civilian sector, clearance is carried out to protect the population, with expensive mechanical methods and manual mine clearance, which requires a high level of expertise, predominating. Disclosure of the invention

[0007] The invention is set out in the appended claims. Technical task

[0008] Known approaches to mechanical mine clearance have proven effective in field applications, especially when mines are laid covertly. However, these methods require the use of expensive machinery and incur significant logistical costs. They also require a follow-up search after clearing the terrain, which reduces the risk but is just as time-consuming as manual clearance.

[0009] Alternative bombardment of the mines is unreliable because the probability of detonation is low. Instead, the mines may be damaged, leading to uncontrolled dispersal of mine fragments, or they may not detonate, making the mines a hazard. Furthermore, this method is only applicable to openly laid mines and depends heavily on the nature of the terrain and proximity to sensitive assets or hazardous areas.

[0010] The well-known blow-in-place technique, i.e., detonating mines in situ, also has significant disadvantages. This method is costly and time-consuming, as only a limited number of mines can be detonated simultaneously, and only if they are located close to each other, which is rarely the case. Furthermore, this method requires personnel to approach the mine, which significantly increases the risk, especially if the mines are not clearly identified.

[0011] Finally, manual disassembly, i.e., removing the detonator by hand, is an extremely risky procedure. The latent danger for personnel is further increased by possible removal locks ( anti-handling devices, AHDs), which can trigger a detonation if the mine is handled. Furthermore, the mine must remain in its original position for deactivation, which further complicates its defusing.

[0012] A fundamental problem affecting all these methods is the need to conduct mine reconnaissance prior to engaging them. Personnel must enter hazardous areas to locate the mines, which carries the risk of detonation, particularly with mines equipped with electronic detonators that respond to changes in the magnetic field. This circumstance requires search personnel to be equipped with minimal quantities of metallic objects to avoid triggering them, further complicating the search.

[0013] The technical problem addressed by the invention is therefore to develop a solution that enables mines to be neutralized efficiently, safely, and purely mechanically without extensive material or logistical effort. This solution involves separating the detonator from the mine body from a safe distance and then relocating the body to trigger any booby traps in a controlled manner. The solution should minimize the risk to personnel, enable use in a wide variety of environments, and also be applicable to mines with complex detonation mechanisms. Furthermore, the invention should contribute to reducing the time and costs associated with mine clearance and ensure the safe clearance of minefields, thus increasing the safety of civilians and military personnel. Technical solution

[0014] As will become apparent from the following description, this problem is solved according to the characterizing part of the independent claims. Beneficial effects

[0015] The proposed detonator removal device offers a significant improvement in handling and safety for explosive ordnance disposal personnel. During or after conflicts involving pressure-triggered anti-tank mines, the proposed device allows the removal of their mechanical detonators—such as the widely used TM62-M or TM-62-PT types—from a distance and, in the same step, the removal of the mine from a safe distance. This procedure avoids repeated approaches to the mine under uncertain conditions.

[0016] The device is characterized by its quick installation and simple operation, allowing it to be prepared from cover in a short time. It is specifically designed for the detonators of common mines, ensuring precise application. The process requires no ignition, priming, or explosive devices and enables efficient neutralization of the threat. The device itself is compact and can therefore be easily transported in the personnel's toolkit. Another key advantage is the stretch-free rope, which ensures controlled deployment. The force is applied close to the tipping point or the axis of rotation of the mine, thus largely avoiding unintentional movement during handling.

[0017] By minimizing the time personnel spend in close proximity to the potentially explosive object and eliminating the need for additional approach after the detonator has been removed, the device improves the efficiency and safety of the defusing process. Furthermore, it is designed to be virtually wear-free and thus reusable, unless detonation is triggered, for example, by a booby trap placed beneath the mine body.

[0018] Technically, the device differs from previous solutions such as conventional detonator extractors for aerial bombs, mines, and artillery shells due to its simplified handling, optimal fit, and rapid readiness for use. This allows personnel to perform all preparatory measures in a safe environment, approach the object, attach the device with a simple movement, and secure it in place. The application is designed for various mines with metallic or plastic casings—for example, the common TM-62M and TM-62P types—and can be used on both sides for different detonators—such as the MVZ-62 or MVP-62 types.

[0019] Once a pulley is attached to the fuze housing, the torque required to release the fuze thread from the mine thread can be applied by the user using a rope wound onto a pulley and thus acting on the pulley. However, a one-piece lever attached to the device can support and facilitate the initiation of the detonator thread release from the ordnance. The intelligent design and integration of such a one-piece lever into the pulley ensures that the device remains stable throughout the entire process and does not perform any unintentional movements that could either release the mine body clamp from its anchorage or cause the mine body to move uncontrollably from its position.

[0020] The device's design, with its minimal components and lightweight construction, contributes to its ease of use. The solid, one-piece lever for triggering the detonator is not only robust but also designed to be easily inserted and secured into the pulley, simplifying preparation for the unscrewing process and handling of the pulley. The one-piece lever is attached to the pulley near the edge of the pulley and thus does not extend to or even beyond the pulley axis.

[0021] The device is designed in such a way that the risk of the device becoming tilted relative to the detonator housing or of uncontrolled lifting off from the detonator housing is eliminated.

[0022] The one-piece lever and the interface between the one-piece lever and the rope pulley are designed in such a way that the one-piece lever releases the operative connection with the rope pulley in a defined manner and thus leaves it before or at the latest when it is in the pulling direction of the rope, viewed radially to the rope pulley axis.

[0023] Furthermore, the entire design of the device is designed to ensure a low overall height and to protect all functional elements within, minimizing the risk of damage during use and increasing user safety. The one-piece lever is designed to easily separate from the pulley after the detonator thread is released from the mine thread, while remaining connected to the pull rope at all times, making it easier to locate the lever even in difficult terrain, such as snow-covered ground.

[0024] If the detonator thread reaches the end of the mine thread during the detonator unscrewing process, the detonator with the attached rope pulley could initially remain on top of the mine body due to its dynamics and continue to rotate. This could pose the risk that the rope initially unwound from the rope pulley could uncontrollably wind itself back onto the rope pulley in the opposite direction. If the user continues to pull on the rope, the detonator could screw its thread back into the mine thread. To counteract and rule out the risk of possible malfunction, the rope should automatically leave the radial groove in the axial direction of the rope pulley as soon as the rope has unwound from the rope pulley during the detonator unscrewing process.

[0025] The components of the device can be made of almost any material, for example, steel. However, the device is preferably made entirely of non-ferromagnetic materials, such as light metal alloys, plastics, fiber composites, or ceramics, or a mixture of such non-ferromagnetic materials, allowing it to be worn directly on the user's body at all times when searching for deployed mines.

[0026] If the user approaches an unknown, unidentified type of mine or detonator during the search, this prevents the mine from being accidentally detonated if the detonator reacts to changes in the magnetic field.

[0027] This provides a tactical advantage, increases the device's application possibilities and, above all, the user's safety.

[0028] Furthermore, the device's modular design allows for easy, optimal adaptation of the interface geometry to virtually any fuze type. This applies not only to mines, but also to discovered projectiles, bombs, rockets, and other explosive devices—without mentioning each separately—enabling the device to cover a wide range of applications. The locking mechanism remains the same for all fuze types, standardizing operation and reducing the risk of operating errors.

[0029] The device's cable pulley, which serves as the core component for transmitting the release torque, is designed to remain firmly connected to the detonator housing after the detonator has been separated from the explosive device. This prevents it from uncontrolled detachment from the detonator housing during the dynamics of the unscrewing process, significantly increasing personnel safety during defusing operations. The position of the detonator can be adjusted by the user at any time using the pulley cable, which is always connected to the cable pulley.

[0030] To meet the requirements of efficient manufacturing and simple assembly, the pulley is preferably constructed from two halves. This design not only allows for the locking components and lever mount to be positioned in a protected manner, but also allows for quick and safe adaptation of the device to different detonators.

[0031] It should be noted that the pulley may also be manufactured and assembled from alternative components, for example from two pulleys and a ring, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0032] The flexibility of the device is emphasized by the double-sided cable pulley, each optimized for the interface of a specific detonator type. This allows the user to attach and lock the same device with the appropriate side depending on the detonator geometry encountered, instead of either carrying multiple devices, each adapted to a single detonator type, or, for example, attempting to adapt one device side to two different detonator types, which in each case can only lead to a suboptimal compromise.

[0033] When defusing a mine, the device first allows the detonator to be loosened and unscrewed, followed by its separation from the mine body. This process alone can significantly reduce the danger posed by the mine. However, since there is a risk that a booby trap is concealed beneath the mine body, the device allows the mine body to be safely moved in a second step without exposing personnel to the risk of further, direct approach.

[0034] The device's design, the clever arrangement of the cables, and the controlled movement of the pull cable ensure that both steps—detaching and removing the detonator from the mine, as well as moving the mine—can be carried out precisely and in a controlled manner. By splitting the process into two steps, personnel can better monitor the defusing operation and interrupt it if necessary to reassess the situation or implement additional safety measures.

[0035] The detonator is also designed to be made entirely of non-magnetic materials, allowing the user to immediately approach an unknown, unidentified mine or detonator type and to use the device on any mine found for which the device is configured. In particular, with unidentified mine or detonator types that react to magnetic field changes, this prevents an inadvertent detonation of the mine in question or a nearby mine.

[0036] This contributes to increased readiness and operational flexibility by enabling bomb disposal experts to respond immediately to discoveries.

[0037] It should be noted that the detonator unscrewing device can also be made entirely or partially from magnetic materials, for example from steel, if the above-mentioned advantage of the detonator unscrewing device made from non-magnetic materials is to be dispensed with.

[0038] A QR code, barcode, RFID chip, or other data provision element with applied or stored information is attached to at least one location on the detonator removal device. The applied information can then be read, for example, with a standard smartphone or a special electronic reader and, if necessary, further processed. If an RFID chip or any other storage element is attached, additional data and information can also be written.

[0039] This data and information can be used, for example, to identify the device in question for storage in a warehouse or to locate and remove it from a warehouse.

[0040] This data may also contain an operating manual for the device, similar to a "pocket card" used by the German Armed Forces.

[0041] This data can also trigger automatic forwarding, for example of the smartphone, to a higher-level authority - such as the bomb disposal unit.

[0042] An automated redirection can also be triggered, for example, to a website with a "digital map" on which the positions of mines, missiles, bombs, rockets and other explosive devices discovered in the past are digitally stored along with the information known about them. Short description of the drawings

[0043] Fig. 1shows an isometric view of a mine with a Z2 type detonator. Fig. 2 shows an isometric view of a Z2 type detonator with detonator thread and detonator interface. Fig. 3 shows an isometric view of a mine with a mine thread without a detonator. Fig. 4 shows the arrangement introduced into the ground according to Fig. 1 . Fig. 5 shows the Fig. 1 arrangement shown with a clamp arranged above the mine body. Fig. 6 shows the Fig. 1 shown arrangement with a clamp arranged tangentially in the edge area of the mine body. Fig. 7 shows the Fig. 1 shown arrangement in side view with clamp attached to the mine body. Fig. 8 shows the Fig. 7 arrangement shown in plan view. Fig. 9 shows in isometric view the Fig. 7 and 8 shown arrangement in the ground and with a rope attached to the clamp. Fig. 10shows an isometric view of a pulley with wound rope as well as nuts and sliders. Fig. 11 shows in a view from above the Fig. 9 arrangement shown with the in Fig. 10 shown, spaced pulley. Fig. 12 shows the Fig. 11 The arrangement shown is viewed diagonally from below. Fig. 13 shows the Fig. 9 shown arrangement with the pulley mounted on the Z2 type detonator according to Fig. 10 . Fig. 14 shows in plan view the Fig. 13 shown arrangement without soil and with open valves. Fig. 15 shows the Fig. 14 shown arrangement with closed slides. Fig. 16 shows a one-piece lever with the subsections lever head, lever back and lever foot. Fig. 17 shows the Fig. 13 shown arrangement with lever incorporated in the pulley. Fig. 18 shows the Fig. 10shown pulley with lever driver. Fig. 19 shows the Fig. 18 illustrated arrangement with lever. Fig. 20 shows the Fig. 17 arrangement shown with rope attached to the lever base. Fig. 21 shows the Fig. 20 shown arrangement with carabiner and pull rope. Fig. 22 shows an isometric view of a mine with a Z1 type detonator. Fig. 23 shows the Z1 type detonator with detonator thread and detonator interface in isometric view. Fig. 24 shows in isometric view the Fig. 22 shown arrangement in the ground and with a clamp attached to the edge area of the mine body including a clamping rope. Fig. 25 shows in a view from above the Fig. 24 The arrangement shown is that with a pulley arranged at a distance above it, including the wound-up rope, nuts and sliders. Fig. 26 shows the Fig. 25 arrangement shown diagonally from below. Fig. 27shows the Fig. 24 The arrangement shown shows the cable pulley mounted on the Z1 type detonator, including the wound-up cable, nuts and sliders. Fig. 28 shows in isometric view the Fig. 3 depicted mine in the ground and with a clamp and rope attached to the edge of the mine body. Fig. 29 shows a modular device for defusing a mine. Fig. 30 shows a pulley with an applied QR code. Description of the execution types

[0044] The present detonator removal device, hereinafter referred to as ZAGM (10), is designed for defusing mines (80) and allows the extraction of two different types of detonators (70, 72) in a single embodiment, which is achieved by the optional orientation of a cable pulley (16). The ZAGM (10) thus represents a modular device for defusing a mine (10), which generally comprises the cable pulley (16) with the cable (48), a one-piece lever (40), a clamp (60) with a clamp cable (68), and a snap hook (56) for connection to the pull cable (52). It can be supplemented by additional components such as a reel, optionally with a handle, for storing the pull cable (52).Depending on the detonator geometry, the user can place and lock the ZAGM (10) onto the detonator (70, 72) with a specific side, which ensures user-friendly handling and optimal interaction between the pulley (16) of the ZAGM (10) and the detonator housing of the detonator (70, 72).

[0045] It should be noted that – due to the universal right-hand design of the interface threads (76) of the detonators (70, 72) – the rope (48) wound on the pulley (16) must always be wound onto the pulley (16) in the direction indicated by an arrow on top of the pulley (16) when the pulley (16) is placed on the detonator (70, 72) to be unscrewed. To illustrate the functionality of the ZAGM (10), the Russian mine detonators MVP-62 (hereinafter: "Type Z1") and MVZ-62 (hereinafter: "Type Z2") are used as examples.

[0046] The application of the ZAGM (10) will now be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0047] The ZAGM (10) is first prepared in cover. If a mine (80) with a Z2 (72) detonator is identified ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 4 ), pulley (16 - Fig. 10 ) and one-piece lever (40 - Fig. 16 ) near the mine (80). The rope pulley (16) is laid flat on the ground and positioned so that the inscription "Type-Z2" (14 - Fig. 10 ) towards the user. The rope (48) is now wound onto the pulley (16) in the direction indicated by the arrows, i.e. counterclockwise, until the rope (48) protrudes from the pulley (16) by a length of only approximately 40 cm.

[0048] The rope (48) can be extended if necessary to achieve suitable cover. The pull rope (52) provided for this purpose allows the user to defuse the mine (80) from a distance of, for example, 25 m after the described preparation.

[0049] First, however, to move the mine (80) from its current position, a clamp (60) is placed in the edge area (84) of the mine body (82 - Fig. 1 ) attached to the mine (80) ( Fig. 5). For this purpose, it must be checked whether the claw (66), which can be moved using an integrated adjusting nut (64), is sufficiently close to the upper end of the clamp (60) that its upper edge reaches or even covers a depth marking (61) provided there for this purpose. This ensures that the clearance between the hook (62) and the claw (66) is greater than the maximum construction height of the mine body (82) of the mine (80) in its edge area (84). The hook (62) of the clamp (60) is then oriented tangentially to the edge area (84) of the mine (80) and guided laterally along the mine body (82) into the ground until one side of the claw (66) almost touches the upper edge of the mine body (82) ( Fig. 6 ). Then the clamp (60) with the hook (62) is screwed in ( Fig. 7 ). Using the adjusting nut (64), the claw (66) is finally pressed downwards towards the hook (62), thus securing the clamp (60) in the edge area (84) of the lead body (82).

[0050] Now, as in Fig. 11-13 As shown, the cable pulley (16) with its corresponding cable pulley half (20) is placed on the Z2 type detonator (72) in such a way that the two recesses (34, 36) at the bottom of the cable pulley half (20) are arranged around the ribs of the interface (74). The two recesses (34, 36) at the bottom of the cable pulley half (20) thus form a positive connection with the ribs of the interface (74), via which the force flow during the unscrewing process is directed from the cable pulley (16) to the detonator housing of the detonator (72). Fig. 14 and Fig. 15illustrate how the horizontally arranged sliders (30) are moved by the user via the nuts (32) in the direction of the central axis (15) of the cable pulley (16) in order to clamp the cable pulley (16) to the housing of the igniter (72) and thus secure it. In order to achieve a more fine adjustment of the radial position of the cable pulley (16) relative to the igniter housing of the igniter (72), additional radially offset pairs of recesses (34, 36) can be introduced into the cable pulley half (20) with respect to the central axis (15) of the cable pulley (16) during manufacture of the cable pulley half (20).

[0051] The one-piece lever (40) according to Fig. 17-19 is then secured laterally in the radial groove (25) of the cable pulley (16) and the traction cable (52) is attached. The lever (40) is inserted into the recess (24 - Fig. 10) - preferably at an oblique angle - with the lever back (44) directed counterclockwise between the pulley halves (18, 20) into the radial groove (25) of the pulley (16) until the lever head (42) strikes the base of the driver (22) in the pulley (16). From this position, the lever back (44) can be easily placed against the active surface of the upper driver (23), where it automatically engages. In this state, the one-piece lever (40) is thus aligned essentially at right angles to the central axis (15) of the pulley (16) and projects radially therefrom. For this purpose, a self-explanatory marking is preferably applied to the outside of the pulley (16), indicating the position of the recess (24).

[0052] Now the free end of the rope (48) wound on the rope pulley (16) can be inserted into the drive grooves of the lever foot (46) so that the rope section between the rope pulley (16) and the lever foot (46) is slightly taut ( Fig. 20 ). The traction rope (52) is then hooked into the eyelet (49) of the rope (48) and into the clamp rope eyelet (69) with its snap hook (56) attached to the traction rope eyelet (54) ( Fig. 21 ).

[0053] It should be noted here that the described sequence of operations may be modified without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, deviating from the above, the pulley (16) may first be attached to the Z2-type detonator (72) and only then the clamp (60) may be attached to the mine body (82) of the mine (80).

[0054] The pull rope (52) is then guided to a covered position. Once the user has ensured that there are no longer any persons in the danger zone of the mine (80), they pull sharply on the pull rope (52) from this cover to release the detonator thread (76) in the mine thread (86). As soon as the detonator body (72) with the cable pulley (16) attached to it rotates relative to the mine body (82) to such an extent that the one-piece lever (40) protruding from the cable pulley (16) points in the pulling direction of the pull rope (52), the lever (40) releases from the cable pulley (16) but remains operatively connected to the pull rope (52) at all times. When the detonator thread (76) of the detonator (72) has reached the end of the mine thread (86), the body of the detonator (72) together with the pulley (16) attached to it detaches and moves away from the mine body (82) due to the impulse introduced.

[0055] Defusing a mine (80) with a Z1 type detonator (70 - Fig. 22 ) also begins with the preparation of the ZAGM (10) in safe cover. As soon as a mine (80) with a Type Z1 (70) detonator is identified, the pulley (16) and the necessary accessories are transported near the mine (80). As with the Type Z2 deactivation, the pulley (16) is laid flat on the ground, but this time it is important to ensure that the inscription "Type Z1" (14 - Fig. 25 ) to the user.

[0056] The rope (48) is then, as shown in Fig. 25 As illustrated, the cable (48) is wound counterclockwise onto the cable pulley (16). Ensure that the cable (48) is wound only far enough to allow it to be handled and connected to the traction cable (52) if necessary.

[0057] The clamp (60) is, as in Fig. 24shown, attached to the edge area (84) of the mine body (82) of the mine (80). This is done in the same way as for defusing the Z2 type detonator (72), whereby here too, the clamp (60) is positioned so that it sits firmly on the mine body (82) and enables safe handling.

[0058] The cable pulley (16) is then attached to the Z1 type detonator (70) in the orientation described above. To do this, first position the vertical recesses of the interface (74) in the cable pulley (16) over the ribs of the interface (74) of the detonator. The cable pulley (16) is then slipped downward over the interface ribs (74) of the detonator (70). The cable pulley (16) is then rotated counterclockwise relative to the detonator housing of the detonator (70). The cable pulley (16) and the ribs of the interface (74) of the detonator (70) thus form a bayonet-like, positive-locking connection.

[0059] This step is in Fig. 27 shown.

[0060] As in Fig. 26 As shown, the horizontally arranged sliders (30) are operated by the user via the nuts (32) in order to secure and fix the cable pulley (16) to the housing of the detonator (70) and thus in the positive connection it has taken. This ensures that the cable pulley (16) remains firmly connected to the detonator (70) during and after the defusing process and that this effective connection does not break uncontrollably. The fastening of the one-piece lever (40) and pull cable (52), its laying and the actual release of the detonator (70) from the mine body (82) correspond to the procedure described above for the detonator type Z2 (72). However, the lever head (42) of the one-piece lever (40) rests in the radial groove (25) of the cable pulley (16) on the lower driver (22'), and the lever back (44) rests on the upper driver (23').

[0061] With the respective detonator (70, 72) removed from the mine (80) and its separation and removal from the mine body (82), the first step of the defusing process is complete. The mine (80), which no longer poses a direct threat due to the lack of a detonator (70, 72), could in principle now be transported. However, since there is always the risk that the enemy may have placed an additional booby trap beneath the mine body (82), the latter must be relocated remotely for safety reasons.

[0062] For this purpose, the pulling rope (52) is pulled a little further by the user and tensions the clamp rope (68) which is still attached to the carabiner (56) of the pulling rope (52), which is connected to the clamp (60) attached to the edge area (84) of the mine body (82) ( Fig. 28). The mine body (82) is lifted or shifted in this way, and may even roll over. If this change in position does not trigger a detonation, the user can assume that no booby trap was located beneath the mine (80). The second step of the defusing process is thus also completed.

[0063] It should be noted that the two steps of the defusing process described above can also be carried out directly one after the other by continuously pulling the pull rope (52) after unscrewing the detonator (70, 72). List of reference symbols

[0064] Reference symbol Description 8 Earth 10 Modular device for defusing a mine, detonator removal device mine (ZAGM), device 14 lettering 15 central axis 16 pulley, device 18 first pulley half (adapted to detonator type Z1) 19 first pulley side (adapted to igniter type Z1) 20 second pulley half (adapted to detonator type Z2) 21 second pulley side (adapted to igniter type Z2) 22, 22' lower driver, contact surfaces for supporting a lever 23, 23' upper driver, contact surfaces for supporting a lever 24 Recess (for lever) 25 Radial groove (for rope) 30 Slider, functional element (locking / unlocking / safety slider for fixing the cable pulley to the igniter housing) 32 Nut, functional element (operation of locking / unlocking / safety slide) 34 first recess (for rib) 36 second recess (for rib) 40 One-piece lever, lever (for generating a release moment) 42 lever head 44 lever back 46 Lever foot 48 Rope (coiled on a pulley, passes through the lever, is fixed in the lever, an eyelet is attached to the end of rope 1) 49 Eyelet (eye on the rope) 52 Pull rope (with which the user operates the modular device for defusing a mine) 54 Pull rope eyelet (eyelet on the pull rope to attach carabiner) 56 Carabiner (is first hooked into the eyelet of the pull rope and then connects the pull rope to the rope of the pulley and the clamp rope) 60 Clamp (is pivoted parallel to the lead axis by approximately 90°, so that the hook of the clamp can now be guided vertically downwards along the lead edge and the clamp can then be rotated vertically by approximately 90° so that the hook of the clamp moves under the edge of the lead body) 61 Depth marking 62 Hook (lower part of the bracket) 64 Adjusting nut (pulls the hook upwards until it rests on the underside of the mine body) 66 Claw (counter bearing, rests on the top edge of the mine) 68 Clamp rope (connection between pull rope and clamp) 69 Clamp rope eyelet 70 Detonator type Z1, for example MVZ-62 72 Detonator type Z2; e.g. MVP-62 74 interface 76 Igniter thread 80 mine, ordnance 82 mine body 84 peripheral area 86 Mine thread 90 QR code, barcode, RFID chip, ...

Claims

1. Modular device for defusing a mine (10), characterized in that a cable pulley (16) of the modular device for defusing a mine (10) has at least one radial groove (25) and at least one interface (74) matching a detonator housing of a detonator (70, 72), wherein the cable pulley (16) and the at least one interface (74) matching a detonator housing of a detonator (70, 72) are preferably designed in one piece.

2. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that a cable pulley (16) of the modular device for defusing a mine (10) is preferably formed from at least two joined cable pulley halves (18, 20), wherein preferably each cable pulley half (18, 20) has an interface (74) matching a detonator housing of a detonator (70, 72).

3. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe cable pulley (16) of the modular device for defusing a mine (10) can be placed on the detonator housing of the detonator (70, 72) either with the cable pulley side 1 (19) or with the cable pulley side 2 (21) in a manner suitable for the interface (74) on the detonator housing of an existing detonator type (70, 72).

4. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the force flow from the cable pulley (16) to an interface (74) of the igniter housing of an igniter (70, 72) is particularly preferably transmitted in a form-fitting manner.

5. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in thatfor example, drivers (22, 23, 22', 23') for supporting a lever (40) and / or a radial groove (25) for receiving a cable (48) and / or functional elements (30, 32), such as sliders (30) and nuts (32) of the modular device for defusing a mine (10), are preferably arranged in a protected manner within the cable pulley (16) and / or the at least two joined cable pulley halves (18, 20).

6. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the force flow for unscrewing the detonator (70, 72) from the mine thread (86) from a pull rope (52) and / or via a snap hook (56) and / or via a rope (48) and / or via a lever (40) and / or via a pulley (16) to an interface (74) of the detonator housing of a detonator (70, 72) takes place essentially on one level.

7. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 6, characterized in thatthe force flow from the rope (48) to the rope pulley (16) for unscrewing the detonator (70, 72) from the mine thread (86) within the radial groove (25) of the rope pulley (16) is introduced onto the rope pulley (16) and particularly preferably the rope (48) leaves the radial groove (25) of the rope pulley (16) automatically when the eyelet (49) has moved as far away as possible from the rope pulley (16).

8. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the risk of the cable pulley (16) becoming jammed relative to the interface (74) of the igniter housing of a igniter (70, 72) and / or of the cable pulley (16) lifting off prematurely and in an uncontrolled manner from the igniter housing of a igniter (70, 72) is excluded.

9. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in thatthe lever (40) for applying the release torque is arranged essentially preferably within and particularly preferably symmetrically to the cable pulley (16).

10. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the lever (40) for applying the release torque is preferably designed in one piece.

11. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the lever (40) for applying the release torque is mounted on the cable pulley (16) in such a way that the lever (40) for applying the release torque remains in a predefined position in the cable pulley (16) during the handling of the cable (48), traction cable (52) and clamping cable (68).

12. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 11, characterized in thatthe lever (40) for applying the release torque after loosening the detonator thread (76) from the mine thread (86) can be easily and predefined released from the cable pulley (16) at the latest when it is aligned parallel to the cable (48) for the first time.

13. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the lever (40) for applying the release torque preferably remains in operative connection with the pull cable (52) at all times.

14. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the modular device for defusing a mine (10) is particularly preferably designed to be completely non-magnetic.

15. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that apart from the lever (40) for applying the release torque, no exposed partial areas and / or elements are arranged on the outside of the cable pulley (16).

16. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a clamp (60) can be attached to the mine body (82) of the mine (80), which clamp surrounds the mine body (82) from at least two opposite sides at all times without play and cannot give up this state in an uncontrolled manner.

17. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that the mine body (82) of the mine (80) can be moved from its position in a defined manner in a second working step after the removal of the detonator (70, 72).

18. Modular device for defusing a mine (10) according to claim 17, characterized in thatat least one component of the modular device for defusing a mine (10) has a digital code, such as a QR code and / or an RFID chip, in order to be able to at least read out and process data contained therein using a smartphone and / or an electronic reading device.

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