Compositions comprising stable free available chlorine species and peroxides, methods of making and uses thereof

Abstract

The present specification discloses a method of making a composition stably comprising one or more peroxides and one or more free available chlorine species, one or more peroxide for use in the manufacture of a composition stably comprising one or more peroxides and one or more free available chlorine species, as well as formulated compositions using a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein.

Description

Compositions Comprising Stable Free Available Chlorine Species and Peroxides, Methods of Making and Uses Thereof

[0001] This application is an international patent application that claims the benefit of priority and is entitled to the filing date pursuant to Article 8 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 383,062, filed November 9, 2022, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid may be used separately for the sterilization of various surfaces, including surgical tools, and may be deployed as a vapor (VHP) for room sterilization and may be used to treat topical infections as well as those infections developed within body cavities. Both compounds demonstrate broad-spectrum efficacy against viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and bacterial spores. However, since hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer, free available chlorine, which may include hypochlorous acid amongst other forms of chlorine, remains highly unstable in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Attempts to mix hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid to date have failed to demonstrate a stable aqueous solution containing both compounds. Certain methods of production of hypochlorous acid, such as electrolysis, have cited the potential presence of theoretical peroxide in solution in insignificant and unstable amounts. The present specification disclosed herein pertains to a novel production of hydrogen peroxide which may include other reactive oxygen species in substantial amounts and the benefits of such discovery for producing a solution also comprising HOCI and / or one or more stable chlorine reactive species. As such, making a composition comprising both stable hydrogen peroxide, or other reactive oxygen species, and free available chlorine in the same solution has not been previously documented.

[0003] The present specification discloses compositions using added salts to improve the stability and efficacy off a composition comprising a stable free available chlorine alone or a stable free available chlorine that can coexist in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen, or another reactive oxygen species (ROS). As shown herein, a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a stable free available chlorine exhibits significantly improved the cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, and / or sterilizing properties, physical properties, and product stability.SUMMARY

[0004] Aspects of the present specification disclose a composition comprising added metal salts to compositions comprising free available chlorine, or a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a stable free available chlorine. Metal salts disclosed herein may include compositions of one of more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium oxide, calcium chloride, and sodium phosphate.

[0005] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a stable free available chlorine. A composition disclosed herein can further comprise and one or more metallic particles, one or more metal salts and / or a phosphate buffer like calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid,hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof.

[0006] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, a stable free available chlorine, and one or more metallic particles. A composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more metal salts and / or a phosphate buffer like calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof.

[0007] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, a stable free available chlorine, and one or more metal salts. A composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more metallic particles and / or a phosphate buffer like calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof.

[0008] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method of making a composition comprising one or more peroxides and a stable free available chlorine. A disclosed method uses a peroxide as a reagent in the manufacture of a stable free available chlorine. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof. Presence free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. Additionally, the disclosed method produces a composition further comprising one or more reactive oxygen species, including, without limitation, oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen CO2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HC ), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O2‘2), ozone (O3), ozonide (Os'), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0009] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method of making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a stable free available chlorine. A disclosed method uses a peroxide disclosed herein as a reagent in the manufacture of a stable free available chlorine. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof.

[0010] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a kit comprising one or more containers including a composition disclosed herein and / or one or more containers including components of a composition disclosed herein. A disclosed kit further comprises one or more delivery or application systems, and / or instructions, and / or a container.

[0011] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize a device. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to a device, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, and / or sterilizes the device. The disclosed method may further comprise rinsing a cleaned, disinfected, sanitized, and / or sterilized device with a rinse solution disclosed herein. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, and / or sterilizing a device. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize a device.

[0012] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize a surface area. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to a surface area, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, and / or sterilizes the surface area. The disclosed method may further comprise rinsing a cleaned, disinfected, sanitized, and / or sterilized surface area with a rinse solution disclosed herein. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, and / or sterilizing a surface area. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize a surface area.

[0013] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize a wound in an individual. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, treat, and / or sterilizes a wound. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, and / or sterilizing of a wound in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize of a wound in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture ofa medicament to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize of a wound in an individual.

[0014] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize a body tissue or body cavity in an individual. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, treats, and / or sterilizes a body tissue or body cavity. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, treating, and / or sterilizing of a body tissue or body cavity in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize of a body tissue or body cavity in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or sterilize of a body tissue or body cavity in an individual. A body cavity can be a space, compartment, or lumen, or potential space, compartment, or lumen in the body. A body cavity may include any space, compartment or lumen that contains organs, limbs, tissues, and surfaces within the body, or any space, compartment or lumenwithin organs, limbs, or tissues. A body cavity may include areas with the organs, for example an airway within the lungs, a nasal cavity, an oral cavity, a lumen of the gastrointestinal or excretory system including urethra and ureter, and spaces within the reproductive organs. A body cavity may be exposed to the outside of the body or may not be exposed to the outside space of the body. A body cavity any space created in the body. A body cavity may also include a space created in the body from injury or surgery or other artificial means.

[0015] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or prevent an infection in an individual. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, treats, and / or prevent an infection. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, treat, and / or prevent of an infection in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or prevent an infection in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or prevent an infection in an individual. An infection can be a microbial infection.

[0016] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to treat or prevent a respiratory infection in an individual. The disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition cleans, disinfects, sanitizes, treats, and / or prevents a respiratory infection. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, treating, and / or preventing a respiratory infection in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or prevent a respiratory infection in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, and / or prevent a respiratory infection in an individual. An infection can be a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. A viral infection can be an infection from a coronoavirus (including SARS-CoV- 2, MERS, SARS), influenza, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), enterovirus, and other viruses.

[0017] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to treat a wound in an individual. The disclosed method comprising applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition promotes healing of a wound. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in treating a wound in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition to treat a wound in an individual. In other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament to treat a wound in an individual.

[0018] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, prevent and / or provide relief an inflammatory response in the respiratory system, including the lung, of an individual. In aspects a disclosed method comprising applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, wherein application of the composition promotes healing of a respiratory inflammation. In otheraspects of the present specification disclose a composition disclosed herein for use in cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, treating, preventing and / or providing relief of a respiratory inflammation in an individual. In yet other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition to treat and / or provide relief from a respiratory inflammation in an individual. In still other aspects of the present specification disclose a use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament to clean, disinfect, sanitize, treat, prevent and / or provide relief from a respiratory inflammation in an individual.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Aspects of the present specification disclose a method of combining stable free available chlorine with one or more peroxides in an aqueous solution. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the disclosed method produces a composition further comprising one or more reactive oxygen species, including, without limitation, oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen CO2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HO2'), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O22), ozone (O3), ozonide (O3 ), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0020] Standard understanding of chlorine chemistry has shown combinations of HOCI or FAC with hydrogen peroxide are unstable formulations. An example of such reaction is as follows:Equation. HOCI (aq) + H2O2 (qa) -» O2(g) + HCI (aq) + H2O (I)In this example, the HOCI and peroxide interact to generate oxygen gas (O2) and an acidic solution. This redox reaction moves rapidly in a unidirectional manner to eliminate the peroxide and HOCI in an aqueous solution to produce water, hydrochloric acid, and oxygen gas.

[0021] The disclosed methods involve a novel chemistry that establishes a solution in equilibrium with the addition of sodium peroxide (NA2O2) and chlorine gas (CI2) in an aqueous solution. Without wishing to be limited to any theory, the proposed chemical equations are believed to be as follows:EquationEquation 2. Cl2+ H2O HOCI + HCIEquationThe importance of the new chemistry involves the improvement of the stability and efficacy of chemistry of hypochlorous acid and other free available chlorines. Salts, when added in the amounts to achieve neutral biological osmolality, improved the stability of free chlorine and pH of the composition. Over time, freechlorine composition decreases in amount of free chlorine and pH. The addition of salts to the composition helps to stabilize the solution and the free chlorine and pH measurements stay stable over time, as compared to similar compositions without the additional salts.

[0022] An aspect of the present specification discloses a method to add one or more salts during the manufacturing process. An aspect of the present specification discloses a method to add the salts after the manufacturing process. It is important to achieve free chlorine levels, pH levels, and osmolality levels of the final product specification at the time of product release.

[0023] An aspect of the present specification discloses a chemistry that balances this chemical equilibrium to allow for the simultaneous presence of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. Notably, as the solution achieves saturation of dissolved chlorine to achieve balance with the dissolved peroxide, the solution exhibits a color change to become greyer in appearance and the formation and release of excess oxygen gas (O2) occurs during the manufacturing process while significantly reducing the release of chlorine gas (odor) from the manufactured solution. Additionally, there is a dynamic interplay of various reactive ionic species of chlorine and oxygen, that is at least partially pH dependent for a subset of these species. Besides hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), other stable free available chlorine species include, without limitation, superchloride (Ch'), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. Reactive oxygen species produced by this dynamic equilibrium shift can include, without limitation, superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen (1O2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HO2+), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O2‘2), ozone (O3), ozonide (Os'), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0024] In some embodiments, method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises first preparing a first solution comprising purified water and an appropriate trace amount of one or more peroxides. Chlorine gas is then introduced to the first solution for a first period of time to produce a first reaction solution. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that this first reaction solution comprises approximately equimolar amounts of one or more free available chlorine species and one or more peroxide species and has a pH below 4. Once this first reaction step is completed, an appropriate trace amount of one or more peroxides is added to the first reaction solution. This peroxide addition has the effect of increasing the pH to above 9 and eliminating the detection of the one or more free available chlorine species previously produced. Chlorine gas is then again introduced to the first reaction solution for a second period of time to produce a second reaction solution. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that this second reaction solution comprises approximately equimolar amounts of one or more free available chlorine species and one or more peroxide species and has a pH below 4. Surprisingly, repeating of the peroxide addition and chlorine gassing steps a second time resulted in significantly higher levels of one or more free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides in the resulting second reaction solution as compared to the first reaction solution, even though no free available chlorine species is detected after the second addition of the one or more peroxides. Subsequent repeats of the peroxide addition and chlorine gassing steps for athird time or more resulted in further increased levels of one or more free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides in the resulting solution. In some embodiments, the periods of time a solution is introduced with chlorine gas is successively shorter in duration. For example, in a method disclosed herein comprising two rounds of peroxide addition and chlorine gassing steps, the first period of time will be longer in duration than the second period of time. Similarly, in a method disclosed herein comprising three rounds of peroxide addition and chlorine gassing steps, the first period of time will be longer in duration than the second period of time and the second period of time will be longer in duration than the third period of time depending on the increased amount of sodium peroxide added and final desired free available chlorine in the final solution.

[0025] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises preparing a first solution comprising an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides. In some embodiments, an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides in a first solution can be, e.g., about 0.01% to about 0.2%, about 0.02% to about 0.19%, about 0.03% to about 0.18%, about 0.04% to about 0.17%, about 0.05% to about 0.16%, about 0.06% to about 0.15%, about 0.07% to about 0.14%, or about 0.08% to about 0.13% by weight of the first solution.

[0026] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises introducing a chlorine gas to a first solution for a first period of time. In some embodiments, a first period of time can be, e.g., about 30 minutes to about 40 minutes, about 30 minutes to about 45 minutes, about 30 minutes to about 50 minutes, about 30 minutes to about 55 minutes, or about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes.

[0027] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises preparing a first reaction solution comprising an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides. In some embodiments, an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides in a first reaction solution can be, e.g., about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.001% to about 0.0125%, about 0.001% to about 0.015%, about 0.001 % to about 0.0175%, about 0.001 % to about 0.02%, about 0.001% to about 0.03%, about 0.001 % to about 0.04%, about 0.0025% to about 0.01%, about 0.0025% to about 0.0125%, about 0.0025% to about 0.015%, about 0.0025% to about 0.0175%, about 0.0025% to about 0.02%, about 0.0025% to about 0.03%, about 0.0025% to about 0.04%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.0125%, about 0.005% to about 0.015%, about 0.005% to about 0.0175%, about 0.005% to about 0.02%, about 0.005% to about 0.03%, about 0.005% to about 0.04%, about 0.0075% to about 0.01%, about 0.0075% to about 0.0125%, about 0.0075% to about 0.015%, about 0.0075% to about 0.0175%, about 0.0075% to about 0.02%, about 0.0075% to about 0.03%, about 0.0075% to about 0.04%, about 0.01 % to about 0.0125%, about 0.01 % to about 0.015%, about 0.01 % to about 0.0175%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, or about 0.01% to about 0.04% by weight of the first reaction solution.

[0028] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises introducing a chlorine gas to a first reaction solution for a secondperiod of time. In some embodiments, the second period of time of introducing a chlorine gas to a first reaction solution is of shorter duration than the first period of time of introducing a chlorine gas to a first solution. In some embodiments, a second period of time can be, e.g., about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 20 minutes to about 30 minutes.

[0029] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises preparing a second reaction solution comprising an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides. In some embodiments, an appropriate amount of one or more peroxides in a second reaction solution can be, e.g., about 0.001 % to about 0.01 %, about 0.001 % to about 0.0125%, about 0.001 % to about 0.015%, about 0.001 % to about 0.0175%, about 0.001 % to about 0.02%, about 0.001% to about 0.03%, about 0.001 % to about 0.04%, about 0.0025% to about 0.01 %, about 0.0025% to about 0.0125%, about 0.0025% to about 0.015%, about 0.0025% to about 0.0175%, about 0.0025% to about 0.02%, about 0.0025% to about 0.03%, about 0.0025% to about 0.04%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.0125%, about 0.005% to about 0.015%, about 0.005% to about 0.0175%, about 0.005% to about 0.02%, about 0.005% to about 0.03%, about 0.005% to about 0.04%, about 0.0075% to about 0.01 %, about 0.0075% to about 0.0125%, about 0.0075% to about 0.015%, about 0.0075% to about 0.0175%, about 0.0075% to about 0.02%, about 0.0075% to about 0.03%, about 0.0075% to about 0.04%, about 0.01% to about 0.0125%, about 0.01 % to about 0.015%, about 0.01 % to about 0.0175%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.01 % to about 0.03%, or about 0.01% to about 0.04% by weight of the first reaction solution.

[0030] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprises introducing a chlorine gas to a second reaction solution for a third period of time. In some embodiments, the third period of time of introducing a chlorine gas to a second reaction solution is of shorter duration than the second period of time of introducing a chlorine gas to a first reaction solution. In some embodiments, a first period of time can be, e.g., about 1 minute to about 3 minutes, about 1 minute to about 5 minutes, about 1 minute to about 7 minutes, about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, about 3 minutes to about 5 minutes, about 3 minutes to about 7 minutes, about 3 minutes to about 10 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes, or about 7 minutes to about 10 minutes.

[0031] A method of producing a solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides comprising further peroxide addition and chlorine gassing steps, i.e., a fourth repeat, fifth repeat, sixth repeat, etc. will employ conditions similar to the third repeated cycle.

[0032] In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein uses a peroxide disclosed herein to stabilize free available chlorine. In some embodiments, the method includes adding a peroxide disclosed herein at the time of producing free available chlorine. In aspects of these embodiments, free available chlorine is produced using a hydrolysis method or an electrolysis method. A peroxide disclosed herein may be addedas a starting ingredient to facilitate simultaneous production of free available chlorine and a peroxide disclosed herein in situ.

[0033] In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein uses sodium peroxide to stabilize free available chlorine. In some embodiments, the method includes adding sodium peroxide at the time of producing free available chlorine. In aspects of these embodiments, free available chlorine is produced using a hydrolysis method or an electrolysis method. Sodium peroxide may be added as a starting ingredient to facilitate simultaneous production of free available chlorine and hydrogen peroxide in situ.

[0034] Aspects of the present specification disclose a method of producing a composition comprising stable free available chlorine and one or more peroxides in an aqueous solution. An alternative method to achieve the above stable chemistry in equilibrium may be achieved by the combination of oxygen gas (O2) with chlorine gas (CI2) in an aqueous solution with dissolved NaCI. Although not as efficient as the sodium peroxide method, the chemistry may be reproduced to equilibrium with such methods.

[0035] Aspects of the present specification disclose a method of combining stable free available chlorine with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI-), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein uses sodium peroxide to stabilize free available chlorine. In some embodiments, the method includes adding sodium peroxide at the time of producing free available chlorine. In aspects of these embodiments, free available chlorine is produced using a hydrolysis method or an electrolysis method. Sodium peroxide may be added as a starting ingredient to facilitate simultaneous production of free available chlorine and hydrogen peroxide in situ.

[0036] Aspects of the present specification disclose a method of producing a composition comprising stable free available chlorine and one or more peroxides in an aqueous solution. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (Ch-), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. A peroxide is a compound with the structure R-O-O-R. The 0-0 group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of — 1 . A peroxide includes metal peroxides where R is a metal atom. Metal peroxides may include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal atoms which form ion peroxides, zinc, cadmium, mercury atoms which form covalent peroxides; and magnesium atoms which form ion-covalent hybrid peroxides. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein uses sodium peroxide to stabilize free available chlorine. In some embodiments, the method includes adding sodium peroxide at the time of producing free available chlorine. In aspects of these embodiments, free available chlorine is produced using a hydrolysis method or an electrolysis method. Sodium peroxide may be added as a starting ingredient to facilitate simultaneous production of freeavailable chlorine and hydrogen peroxide in situ. Additionally, the disclosed method produces a composition further comprising one or more reactive oxygen species, including, without limitation, oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen CO2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HCV), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O2‘2), ozone (O3), ozonide (Os’), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0037] Aspects of the present specification disclose a method of producing a composition comprising stable free available chlorine and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI’), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein uses sodium peroxide to stabilize free available chlorine. In some embodiments, the method includes adding sodium peroxide at the time of producing free available chlorine. In aspects of these embodiments, free available chlorine is produced using a hydrolysis method or an electrolysis method. Sodium peroxide may be added as a starting ingredient to facilitate simultaneous production of free available chlorine and hydrogen peroxide in situ.

[0038] Aspects ofthe present specification disclose a peroxide for use in making a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable free available chlorine. In other aspects, the present specification disclose use of a peroxide in making a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable free available chlorine. In yet other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable free available chlorine. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI’ ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (Ch’), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof.

[0039] Aspects ofthe present specification disclose a peroxide for use in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine. In yet other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine.

[0040] Aspects of the present specification disclose a sodium peroxide for use in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine. In other aspects, the present specification disclose use of a sodium peroxide in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine. In yet other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a sodium peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable free available chlorine.

[0041] Aspects ofthe present specification disclose a peroxide for use in making a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable hypochlorous acid. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in making a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable hypochlorous acid. In yet other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising one or more peroxides and stable hypochlorous acid. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof.

[0042] Aspects ofthe present specification disclose a peroxide for use in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid. In yet other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid.

[0043] Aspects of the present specification disclose a sodium peroxide for use in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid. In other aspects, the present specification discloses use of a sodium peroxide in making a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid. In yet other aspects, the present specification disclose use of a sodium peroxide in the manufacture of a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and stable hypochlorous acid.

[0044] The amount of a peroxide disclosed herein used in a method or use disclosed herein is an amount sufficient to stabilize free available chlorine or a component thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.001 %, about 0.0025%, about 0.005%, about 0.0075%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, or about 0.1%. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at least 0.001 %, at least 0.0025%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01 %, at least 0.02%, at least 0.03%, at least 0.04%, at least 0.05%, or at least 0.1%. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at most 0.001 %, at most 0.0025%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.7%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.02%, at most 0.03%, at most 0.04%, at most 0.05%, or as most 0.1 %. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.001 % to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01 %, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.01 % to about 0.04%, about 0.01 % to about 0.05%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to 0.1%.

[0045] In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.001 %, about 0.0025%, about 0.005%, about 0.0075%, 0.01 %, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, or about 0.1 %. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at least 0.001 %, at least 0.0025%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01 %, at least 0.02%, at least 0.03%, at least 0.04%, at least 0.05%, or at least 0.1 %. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at most 0.001 %, at most 0.0025%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.7%, at most 0.01 %, at most 0.02%, at most 0.03%, at most 0.04%, at most 0.05%, or as most 0.1 %. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.001 % to about 0.002%, about 0.001 % to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01 %, about 0.01 % to about 0.02%, about 0.01 % to about 0.03%, about 0.01 % to about 0.04%, about 0.01 % to about 0.05%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to 0.1 %.

[0046] In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1 %, about 01 1 %, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, or about 0.17%. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1 %, at least 01 1 %, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, or at least 0.17%. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at most 0.08%, at most 0.09%, at most 0.1 %, at most 011 %, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, or at most 0.17%. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.08% to about 0.09%, about 0.08% to about 0.1 %, about 0.08% to about 0.11 %, about 0.08% to about 0.12%, about 0.08% to about 0.13%, about 0.08% to about 0.14%, about 0.08% to about 0.15%, about 0.08% to about 0.16%, about 0.08% to about 0.17%, about 0.08% to about 0.18%, about 0.08% to about 0.19%, about 0.08% to about 0.20%, about 0.09% to about 0.1 %, about 0.09% to about 0.1 1 %, about 0.09% to about 0.12%, about 0.09% to about 0.13%, about 0.09% to about 0.14%, about 0.09% to about 0.15%, about 0.09% to about 0.16%, about 0.09% to about 0.17%, about 0.09% to about 0.18%, about 0.09% to about 0.19%, about 0.09% to about 0.20%, about 0.1 % to about 0.11 %, about 0.1 % to about 0.12%, about 0.1 % to about 0.13%, about 0.1 % to about 0.14%, about 0.1 % to about 0.15%, about 0.1 % to about 0.16%, about 0.1 % to about 0.17%, about 0.1 % to about 0.18%, about 0.1 % to about 0.19%, about 0.1 % to about 0.20%, about 0.1 1 % to about 0.12%, about 0.11 % to about 0.13%, about 0.1 1 % to about 0.14%, about 0.1 1 % to about 0.15%, about 0.11 % to about 0.16%, about 0.11 % to about 0.17%, about 0.11 % to about 0.18%, about 0.1 1 % to about 0.19%, about 0.11 % to about 0.20%, about 0.12% to about 0.13%, about 0.12% to about 0.14%, about 0.12% to about 0.15%, about 0.12% to about 0.16%, about 0.12% to about 0.17%, about 0.12% to about 0.18%, about 0.12% to about 0.19%, or about 0.12% to about 0.20%.

[0047] In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a sodium peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1 %, about 011%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, or about 0.17%. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a sodium peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1 %, at least 011 %, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, or at least 0.17%. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., at most 0.08%, at most 0.09%, at most 0.1 %, at most 011 %, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, or at most 0.17%. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a sodium peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final percent weight concentration of, e.g., about 0.08% to about 0.09%, about 0.08% to about 0.1 %, about 0.08% to about 0.11%, about 0.08% to about 0.12%, about 0.08% to about 0.13%, about 0.08% to about 0.14%, about 0.08% to about 0.15%, about 0.08% to about 0.16%, about 0.08% to about 0.17%, about 0.08% to about 0.18%, about 0.08% to about 0.19%, about 0.08% to about 0.20%, about 0.09% to about 0.1%, about 0.09% to about 0.11 %, about 0.09% to about 0.12%, about 0.09% to about 0.13%, about 0.09% to about 0.14%, about 0.09% to about 0.15%, about 0.09% to about 0.16%, about 0.09% to about 0.17%, about 0.09% to about 0.18%, about 0.09% to about 0.19%, about 0.09% to about 0.20%, about 0.1% to about 0.11%, about 0.1 % to about 0.12%, about 0.1% to about 0.13%, about 0.1 % to about 0.14%, about 0.1 % to about 0.15%, about 0.1 % to about 0.16%, about 0.1 % to about 0.17%, about 0.1 % to about 0.18%, about 0.1 % to about 0.19%, about 0.1 % to about 0.20%, about 0.11 % to about 0.12%, about 0.11% to about 0.13%, about 0.11% to about 0.14%, about 0.11 % to about 0.15%, about 0.11 % to about 0.16%, about 0.11% to about 0.17%, about 0.11 % to about 0.18%, about 0.11% to about 0.19%, about 0.11% to about 0.20%, about 0.12% to about 0.13%, about 0.12% to about 0.14%, about 0.12% to about 0.15%, about 0.12% to about 0.16%, about 0.12% to about 0.17%, about 0.12% to about 0.18%, about 0.12% to about 0.19%, or about 0.12% to about 0.20%.

[0048] In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, or 1 ,000 ppm. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., at least 0.1 ppm, at least 0.5 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 5 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, or at least 1 ,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., at most 0.1 ppm, at most 0.5 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 5 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, or at most 1 ,000 ppm.

[0049] In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., about 0.1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 475ppm, about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 500 ppm,about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0050] In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of a peroxide disclosed herein added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, or about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0051] In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, or 1 ,000 ppm. In other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., at least 0.1 ppm, at least 0.5 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 5 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, or at least 1 ,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., at most 0.1 ppm, at most 0.5 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 5 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, or at most 1 ,000 ppm.

[0052] In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., about 0.1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 175ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0053] In still other aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to a method or use disclosed herein is to a final concentration of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm,about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, or about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0054] A method of manufacture disclosed herein produces a composition comprising one or more peroxides and a stable free available chlorine. One or more peroxides disclosed herein include hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof. Stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2) , superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. Additionally, the disclosed method produces a composition further comprising one or more reactive oxygen species, including, without limitation, oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2), singlet oxygen CO2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HC ), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O2‘2), ozone (O3), ozonide (Os'), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0055] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise one or more peroxides disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of one or more peroxides that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising one or more peroxides is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of peroxide used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising one or more peroxides is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of peroxide used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of one or more peroxides is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of one or more peroxides is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising one or more peroxideswill be diluted, the amount of peroxide used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0056] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0057] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0058] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0059] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppmto about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0060] In aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1 %, about 011 %, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, or about 0.20%. In other aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1 %, at least 011 %, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, or at least 0.20%. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.08%, at most 0.09%, at most 0.1%, at most 011%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, or at most 0.20%. In still other aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more peroxides disclosed herein each in an amount of, e.g., about 0.08% to about 0.09%, about 0.08% to about 0.1 %, about 0.08% to about 0.11%, about 0.08% to about 0.12%, about 0.08% to about 0.13%, about 0.08% to about 0.14%, about 0.08% to about 0.15%, about 0.08% to about 0.16%, about 0.08% to about 0.17%, about 0.08% to about 0.18%, about 0.08% to about 0.19%, about 0.08% to about 0.20%, about 0.09% to about 0.1%, about 0.09% to about 0.11 %, about 0.09% to about 0.12%, about 0.09% to about 0.13%, about 0.09% to about 0.14%, about 0.09% to about 0.15%, about 0.09% to about 0.16%, about 0.09% to about 0.17%, about 0.09% to about 0.18%, about 0.09% to about 0.19%, about 0.09% to about 0.20%, about 0.1% to about 0.11%, about 0.1 % to about 0.12%, about 0.1% to about 0.13%, about 0.1 % to about 0.14%, about 0.1 % to about 0.15%, about 0.1 % to about 0.16%, about 0.1 % to about 0.17%, about 0.1 % to about 0.18%, about 0.1 % to about 0.19%, about 0.1 % to about 0.20%, about 0.11 % to about 0.12%, about 0.11% to about 0.13%, about 0.11% to about 0.14%, about 0.11 % to about 0.15%, about 0.11 % to about 0.16%, about 0.11% to about 0.17%, about 0.11 % to about 0.18%, about 0.11% to about 0.19%, about 0.11% to about 0.20%, about 0.12% to about 0.13%, about 0.12% to about 0.14%, about 0.12% to about 0.15%, about 0.12% to about 0.16%, about 0.12% to about 0.17%, about 0.12% to about 0.18%, about 0.12% to about 0.19%, or about 0.12% to about 0.20%.

[0061] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise a hydrogen peroxide. The simplest peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, has the chemical formula H2O2, while its molecular formula is written as HOOH. As shown in Formula I, hydrogen peroxide is a simple, nonplanar molecule with a twisted C2 symmetry and has molar mass is 34.01 g / mol. Although the 0-0 bond is a single bond, the molecule has a relatively high rotational barrier of 2460 cm-1(29.45 kJ / mol).H / O—o / H (|)

[0062] Hydrogen peroxide is a very pale blue liquid in its pure form, slightly more viscous than water. Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured almost exclusively by the anthraquinone process. It begins with the reduction of an anthraquinone (such as 2-ethylanthraquinone orthe 2-amyl derivative) to the corresponding anthrahydroquinone, typically by hydrogenation on a palladium catalyst. In the presence of oxygen, the anthrahydroquinone then undergoes autoxidation: the labile hydrogen atoms of the hydroxy groups transfer to the oxygen molecule, to give hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the anthraquinone. Most commercial processes achieve oxidation by bubbling compressed air through a solution of the anthrahydroquinone, with the hydrogen peroxide then extracted from the solution and the anthraquinone recycled back for successive cycles of hydrogenation and oxidation. As an alternative, sodium peroxide (NazOz) can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water to yield hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

[0063] In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of hydrogen peroxide that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of hydrogen peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of hydrogen peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide will be diluted, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0064] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0065] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0066] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about400 ppm.

[0067] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises hydrogen peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0068] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise a sodium peroxide. In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of sodium peroxide that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising sodium peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of sodium peroxide used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising sodium peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of sodium peroxide used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of sodium peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of sodium peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising sodium peroxide will be diluted, the amount of sodium peroxide used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0069] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm,at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0070] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppmto about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0071] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm,about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm t o about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0072] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0073] In aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 011%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, or about 0.20%. In other aspects ofthese embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1%, at least 011 %, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, or at least 0.20%. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.08%, at most 0.09%, at most 0.1%, at most 011 %, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, or at most 0.20%. In still other aspects of these embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises sodium peroxide in an amount of, e.g., about 0.08% to about 0.09%, about 0.08% to about 0.1 %, about 0.08% to about 0.11%, about 0.08% to about 0.12%, about 0.08% to about 0.13%, about 0.08% to about 0.14%, about 0.08% to about 0.15%, about 0.08% to about 0.16%, about 0.08% to about 0.17%, about 0.08% to about 0.18%, about 0.08% to about 0.19%, about 0.08% to about 0.20%, about 0.09% to about 0.1 %, about 0.09% to about 0.11%, about 0.09% to about 0.12%, about 0.09% to about 0.13%, about 0.09% to about 0.14%, about 0.09% to about 0.15%, about 0.09% to about 0.16%, about 0.09% to about 0.17%, about 0.09% to about 0.18%, about 0.09% to about 0.19%, about 0.09% to about 0.20%, about 0.1% to about 0.11 %, about 0.1% to about 0.12%, about 0.1 % to about 0.13%, about 0.1% to about 0.14%, about 0.1 % to about 0.15%, about 0.1 % to about 0.16%, about 0.1 % to about 0.17%, about 0.1 % to about 0.18%, about 0.1 % to about 0.19%, about 0.1 % to about 0.20%, about 0.11% to about 0.12%, about 0.11% to about 0.13%, about 0.11% to about0.14%, about 0.11% to about 0.15%, about 0.11 % to about 0.16%, about 0.11 % to about 0.17%, about 0.11% to about 0.18%, about 0.11 % to about 0.19%, about 0.11 % to about 0.20%, about 0.12% to about 0.13%, about 0.12% to about 0.14%, about 0.12% to about 0.15%, about 0.12% to about 0.16%, about 0.12% to about 0.17%, about 0.12% to about 0.18%, about 0.12% to about 0.19%, or about 0.12% to about 0.20%.

[0074] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise a stable free available chlorine. Stable free available chlorine can be produced using hydrolysis and electrolysis methods disclosed herein. Hydrolysis involved the dissolution of chlorine gas into an aqueous solution yielding H+, CI-, and HOCI. Electrolysis involves exposure of a saline solution (H2O and NaCI) to anode and cathode powered electrodes and results in a release of H2 gas at the cathode, CI2 gas at the anode and production of aqueous NaOH. Chgas is free to hydrolyze to produce HOCI. Thus, stable free available chlorine disclosed herein may include compositions of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (CI2), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof.

[0075] The chlorine amount may be measured by methods known in the art, such as a DPD colorimeter method (Lamotte Company, Chestertown, Md.), a UV spectrophotometry method, or other known methods established by the Environmental Protection Agency. In the DPD colorimeter method, a yellow color is formed by the reaction of free chlorine with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) and the intensity is measured with a calibrated calorimeter that provides the output in parts per million. Further addition of potassium iodide turns the solution a pink color to provide the total chlorine value.

[0076] In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of stable free available chlorine that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable free available chlorine is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable free available chlorine used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable free available chlorine is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable free available chlorine used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of stable free available chlorine is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of stable free available chlorine is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable free available chlorine will be diluted, the amount of stable free available chlorine used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0077] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., 0.01 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.075 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.01 ppm, at least 0.025 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.075 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.01 ppm, at most 0.025 ppm, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.075 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0078] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.01 ppm to about 0.025 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.05 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 4 ppm, or about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm.

[0079] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0080] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 75 ppm to about450 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 pp m to about 4C 0 ppm.

[0081] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 900 ppm, or about 125 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm.

[0082] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0083] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.10%, at least 0.11 %, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.10%, at most 0.11 %, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable free available chlorine in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.10% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.30%, about 0.10% to about 0.35%, about 0.10% to about 0.40%, about 0.10% to about 0.45%, about 0.10% to about 0.50%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.20% to about 0.30%, about 0.20% to about 0.35%, about 0.20% to about 0.40%, about 0.20% to about 0.45%, about 0.20% to about 0.50%, about 0.30% to about 0.35%, about 0.30% to about 0.40%, about 0.30% to about 0.45%, about 0.30% to about 0.50%, about 0.40% to about 0.45%, about 0.40% to about 0.50%, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0084] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise a stable hypochlorous acid. A weak acid, the chemical formula of a stable hypochlorous acid is HOCI, while its molecular formula is written as HCIO. As shown in Formula II, a stable hypochlorous acid is a simple molecule with the central oxygen connected to chlorine and hydrogen atoms through single bonds and has molar mass is 52.46 g / mol.OH a (ii)

[0085] A stable hypochlorous acid is a colorless solution, and its exact physical properties are variable, depending on the concentration of hypochlorous in solution, pH, temperature, and other factors. A stable hypochlorous acid readily reacts with a variety of organic molecules, biomolecules, and other compounds.

[0086] A stable hypochlorous acid is in equilibrium with hypochlorite ions (OCi ) and dissolved chlorine gas (Ch). The extent of the equilibrium is determined predominately by the salt concentration and pH of the solution. Temperature also impacts the ratio of the free chlorine component. Therefore, both FAC and pH need to be known to understand the amount of chlorine present as hypochlorous acid. In general, when the pH range is about 4.0 to about 5.6, approximately 100% of the available chlorine is present as HOCI. As the pH is lowered below about 4, there is an increase in dissolved chlorine gas (CI2). Thus, at a pH of about 3, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 2, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 1.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, while at a pH of about 1 , about 25% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid. As the pH is increase above about 5.6, there is an increase in hypochlorite ions (OCI-). Thus, at a pH a pH of about 6.5, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid, while at a pH of about 8, about 25% of the available chlorine is present as a stable hypochlorous acid.

[0087] In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of a stable hypochlorous acid that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorous acid is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable hypochlorous acid used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorous acid is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable hypochlorous acid used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of stable hypochlorous acid is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of stable hypochlorous acid is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorous acid will be diluted, the amount of stable hypochlorous acid used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0088] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., 0.01 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.075, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm,0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.01 ppm, at least 0.25 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.075, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.01 ppm, at most 0.25 ppm, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.075, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0089] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.01 ppm to about 0.025 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.05 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.025 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.075 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 4 ppm, about 0.075 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 0.75 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 3 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 4 ppm, or about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm.

[0090] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppmto about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0091] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 PPm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 PPm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 100 PPm to about 475 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 125 PPm to about 200 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 125 PPm to about 275 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 125 PPm to about 350 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 125 PPm to about 425 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 125 PPm to about 500 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 PPm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 PPm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 PPm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 150 PPm to about 450 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0092] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 125 ppm to about 900 ppm, or about 125 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm.

[0093] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm,about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0094] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorous acid in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.10% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.30%, about 0.10% to about 0.35%, about 0.10% to about 0.40%, about 0.10% to about 0.45%, about 0.10% to about 0.50%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.20% to about 0.30%, about 0.20% to about 0.35%, about 0.20% to about 0.40%, about 0.20% to about 0.45%, about 0.20% to about 0.50%, about 0.30% to about 0.35%, about 0.30% to about 0.40%, about 0.30% to about 0.45%, about 0.30% to about 0.50%, about 0.40% to about 0.45%, about 0.40% to about 0.50%, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0095] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise a stable hypochlorite (also referred to as stable hypochlorite ions). In some embodiments, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises an amount of a stable hypochlorite that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorite is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable hypochlorite used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorite is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of stable hypochlorite used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of stable hypochlorite is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes.In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of stable hypochlorite is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising stable hypochlorite will be diluted, the amount of stable hypochlorite used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0096] In aspects ofthis embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., 0.01 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.075 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.01 ppm, at least 0.025 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.075 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.01 ppm, at most 0.025 ppm, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.075 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0097] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of between, e g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0098] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about400 ppm.

[0099] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0100] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10%, about 0.11 %, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises a stable hypochlorite in an amount of, e.g., about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.10% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.30%, about 0.10% to about 0.35%, about 0.10% to about 0.40%, about 0.10% to about 0.45%, about 0.10% to about 0.50%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.20% to about 0.30%, about 0.20% to about 0.35%, about 0.20% to about 0.40%, about 0.20% to about 0.45%, about 0.20% to about 0.50%, about 0.30% to about 0.35%, about 0.30% to about 0.40%, about 0.30% to about 0.45%, about 0.30% to about 0.50%, about 0.40% to about 0.45%, about 0.40% to about 0.50%, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0101] In some embodiments, a method or use disclosed herein stabilizes free available chlorine in a manner that makes its detection and release delayed. In some embodiments, a method or use disclosed herein produces intermediary or other compounds that aid in the stabilization of free available chlorine.

[0102] In some embodiments, a method or use disclosed herein stabilizes hypochlorous acid in a manner that makes its detection and release delayed. In some embodiments, a method or use disclosed herein produces intermediary or other compounds that aid in the stabilization of hypochlorous acid.

[0103] In an embodiment, a method or use disclosed herein produces an odorless composition disclosed herein, one that masks, neutralizes, or otherwise eliminates the smell of chlorine in a solution containing stable free available chlorine.

[0104] A composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein may comprise one or more reactive oxygen species. A reactive oxygen species, includes, without limitation, oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen (1O2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HC ), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O2‘2), ozone (O3), ozonide (Os'), another reactive oxygen species (ROS), or a combination thereof.

[0105] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of, e.g., at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of, e.g., at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425 ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0106] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of between, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0107] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of between, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm,about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0108] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprises one or more reactive oxygen species each in an amount of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm,about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0109] A method of manufacture disclosed herein produces a composition comprising a peroxide and a stable free available chlorine disclosed herein. Such a composition is useful in the methods disclosed herein. In addition, a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein can be further modified by adding additional components. Such modified compositions are also useful in the methods disclosed herein.

[0110] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution and introducing chlorine gas to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for a first period of time to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. A method of manufacture disclosed herein can further comprise degassing the first reaction solution for a degassing period of time. Optionally, sodium phosphate and / or sodium chloride can be added to an aqueous solution disclosed herein. Optionally, a method of manufacture disclosed herein further comprises adding sodium chloride to the first reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. Hydrolysis of the chlorine gas for a for a first period of time can be any time suitable to produce the desired amount of one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The resulting first reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition.

[0111] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, and introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hourto 320 g / hourto the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The resulting first reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, theaqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w).

[0112] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, and degassing the first reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours. The resulting degassed first reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w).

[0113] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, degassing the first reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours, and adding about 0.5% to about 1 .0% of sodium chloride to the degassed first reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a range of about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg. The resulting osmolarity adjusted, degassed, first reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w). In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium chloride added to the composition is about 0.6% to about 0.9%, or about 0.7% to about 0.8%.

[0114] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a sealed vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for a first period of time to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas to the first reaction solution under hydrolysis conditions for a second period of time to produce a second reaction solution comprising one ormore stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. A method of manufacture disclosed herein can further comprise degassing the second reaction solution for a degassing period of time. Optionally, sodium phosphate and / or sodium chloride can be added to an aqueous solution disclosed herein. Optionally, a method of manufacture disclosed herein further comprises adding sodium chloride to the second reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. Hydrolysis of the chlorine gas for a for a first and / or second period of time can be any time suitable to produce the desired amount of one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides.

[0115] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The resulting second reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or both the aqueous solution and the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or both the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water and the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w).

[0116] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, and degassing the second reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours. The resulting degassed, second reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable freeavailable chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or both the aqueous solution and the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01% (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or both the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water and the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01% (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w).

[0117] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, degassing the second reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours, and adding about 0.5% to about 1 .0% of sodium chloride to the degassed second reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a range of about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg. The resulting osmolarity adjusted, degassed, second reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or both the aqueous solution and the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01% (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or both the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water and the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01% (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w). In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium chloride added to the composition is about 0.6% to about 0.9%, or about 0.7% to about 0.8%.

[0118] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a sealed vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for a first period of time to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas to the first reaction solution under hydrolysis conditions for a second period of time to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding sodium peroxide to the second reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas to the second reaction solution under hydrolysis conditions for a third period of time to produce a third reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. A method of manufacture disclosed herein can further comprise degassing the third reaction solution for a degassing period of time. Optionally, sodium phosphate and / or sodium chloride can be added to an aqueous solution disclosed herein. Optionally, a method of manufacture disclosed herein further comprises adding sodium chloride to the third reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. Hydrolysis of the chlorine gas for a for a first and / or second and / or third period of time can be anytime suitable to produce the desired amount of one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides.

[0119] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001% (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the second reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a third reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The resulting third reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the second reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the second reactionsolution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or any combination thereof.

[0120] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the second reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a third reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, and degassing the third reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours. The resulting degassed, third reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the second reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the second reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or any combination thereof.

[0121] In some embodiments, a method of manufacture disclosed herein comprises adding about 0.02% (w / w) to about 0.24% (w / w) of sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, adding about 0.001 % (w / w) to about 0.1 % (w / w) of sodiumperoxide to the second reaction solution, introducing chlorine gas at a rate of 240 g / hour to 320 g / hour to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to produce a third reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides, degassing the third reaction solution for 24 hours to 72 hours, and adding about 0.5% to about 1 .0% of sodium chloride to the degassed third reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a range of about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg. The resulting osmolarity adjusted, degassed, third reaction solution produces a composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides that are stably maintained within the composition. In aspects of these embodiments, the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the first reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, the second reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes, or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium peroxide added to the purified water is about 0.04% (w / w) to about 0.2% (w / w), about 0.05% (w / w) to about 0.16% (w / w), or about 0.06% (w / w) to about 0.12% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01 % (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), the amount of sodium peroxide added to the second reaction solution is about 0.005% (w / w) to about 0.08% (w / w), about 0.008% (w / w) to about 0.06% (w / w), about 0.01% (w / w) to about 0.04% (w / w), or any combination thereof. In aspects of these embodiments, the amount of sodium chloride added to the composition is about 0.6% to about 0.9%, or about 0.7% to about 0.8%.

[0122] In a method of manufacture disclosed herein the amount of one or more free available chlorine species produced in the first reaction solution, second reaction solution, and third reaction solution can be controlled by the length of the period of time the aqueous solution, the first reaction solution, and the second reaction solution is maintained under hydrolysis conditions. The longer hydrolysis conditions are maintained, the more one or more free available chlorine species is produced in the first reaction solution, second reaction solution, and third reaction solution.

[0123] Empirically, given the amount of sodium peroxide used in a method of manufacture disclosed herein an equimolar amount of one or more peroxides and one or more free available chlorine species will be produced. In some embodiments, where a degassing step of the resulting composition is performed, there will be some loss of the one or more peroxides. In some embodiments, where the one or more peroxides are stabilized there can be a higher concentration of one or more peroxides relative to the one or more free available chlorine species. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more peroxides present is in the first reaction solution, the second reaction solution, and / or the third reaction solution is less than the concentration of the one or more free available chlorine species present in the that reaction solution. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more peroxides present is in the first reaction solution, the second reaction solution, and / or the third reaction solution is the same as the concentration of the one or more free available chlorine species present in the that reaction solution. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more peroxides present is in the first reaction solution, the second reactionsolution, and / or the third reaction solution is more than the concentration of the one or more free available chlorine species present in the that reaction solution.

[0124] In some embodiments, exogenous hydrogen peroxide can be added to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. Such exogenous hydrogen peroxide is not created using a method or use disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of hydrogen peroxide added is an amount that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of hydrogen peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of hydrogen peroxide is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising hydrogen peroxide will be diluted, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0125] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has hydrogen peroxide added to an amount of, e.g., 0.5%, 1 %, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has hydrogen peroxide added to an amount of, e.g., at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9% or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has hydrogen peroxide added to an amount of, e.g., at most 0.5%, at most 1 %, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9% or at most 10% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has hydrogen peroxide added to an amount of, e.g., about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 6%, about 0.5% to about 7%, about 0.5% to about 8%, about 0.5% to about 9%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 1 % to about 2%, about 1 % to about 3%, about 1 % to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1 % to about 6%, about 1 % to about 7%, about 1 % to about 8%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1 % to about 10%, about 2% to about 3%, about 2% to about 4%, about 2% to about 5%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 7%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 9%, about 2% to about 10%, about 3% to about 4%, about 3% to about 5%, about 3% to about 6%, about 3% to about 7%, about 3% to about 8%, about 3% to about 9%, about 3% to about 10%, about 4% to about 5%, about 4% to about 6%, about 4% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 4% to about 9%, about 4% to about 10%, about 5% to about 6%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 10%, about6% to about 7%, about 6% to about 8%, about 6% to about 9%, about 6% to about 10%, about 7% to about 8%, about 7% to about 9%, about 7% to about 10%, about 8% to about 9%, about 8% to about 10%, or about 9% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0126] In some embodiments, one or more metallic particles can be added to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. A metallic particle can be composed of a single element, such as, e.g., copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc or be a mixed metallic particle composed of various combinations of different elements, such as, e.g., various combinations of two or more of the following: copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc. Non-limiting examples of a metallic particle includes a copper particle, an iron particle, a potassium particle, a silver particle, a titanium particle, and a zinc particle. Other nonlimiting examples of a metallic particle include a metal acetate particle, a metal chloride particle, a metal nitrate particle, or a metal oxide particle. A metal acetate particle includes, without limitation, copper acetate, iron acetate, e.g., iron (II) acetate and iron (III) acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, zinc acetate, or any combination thereof. A metal nitrate particle includes, without limitation, copper nitrate, iron nitrate, e.g., iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, zinc nitrate, or any combination thereof. A metal chloride particle includes, without limitation, copper chloride, iron chloride, e.g., iron (II) chloride or iron (III) chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof. A metal oxide particle includes, without limitation, copper oxide particle, iron oxide particle, e.g., iron (II) oxide particle, iron (III) oxide particle, silver oxide particle, titanium dioxide particle, zinc oxide particle, copper zinc iron oxide particle, or any combination thereof.

[0127] A metallic particle includes nanoparticles and microparticles. A nanoparticle has an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 1 ,000 nm. A microparticle has an average diameter of about 1 pm to about 1 ,000 pm.

[0128] In some embodiments, the amount of metallic particles added is an amount that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising metallic particles is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metallic particles used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising metallic particles is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metallic particles used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of metallic particles is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of metallic particles is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising metallic particles will be diluted, the amount of metallic particles used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise create unwanted effects that make the composition inoperable.

[0129] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm,150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1 ,000 ppm, 1 ,025 ppm, 1 ,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1 ,100 ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1 ,150 ppm, 1 ,175 ppm, 1 ,200 ppm, 1 ,225 ppm, 1 ,250 ppm, 1 ,275 ppm, 1 ,300 ppm, 1 ,325 ppm, 1 ,350 ppm, 1 ,375 ppm, 1 ,400 ppm, 1 ,425 ppm, 1 ,450 ppm, 1 ,475 ppm, 1 ,500 ppm, 1 ,600 ppm, 1 ,700 ppm, 1 ,800 ppm, 1 ,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1 ,000 ppm, at least 1 ,025 ppm, at least 1 ,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1 ,100 ppm, at least 1 ,125 ppm, at least 1 ,150 ppm, at least 1 ,175 ppm, at least 1 ,200 ppm, at least 1 ,225 ppm, at least 1 ,250 ppm, at least 1 ,275 ppm, at least 1 ,300 ppm, at least 1 ,325 ppm, at least 1 ,350 ppm, at least 1 ,375 ppm, at least 1 ,400 ppm, at least 1 ,425 ppm, at least 1 ,450 ppm, at least 1 ,475 ppm, at least 1 ,500 ppm, at least 1 ,600 ppm, at least 1 ,700 ppm, at least 1 ,800 ppm, at least 1 ,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 1 ppm, at most 10 ppm, at most 20 ppm, at most 30 ppm, at most 40 ppm, at most 50 ppm, at most 60 ppm, at most 70 ppm, at most 80 ppm, at most 90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 125 ppm, at most 150 ppm, at most 175 ppm, at most 200 ppm, at most 225 ppm, at most 250 ppm, at most 275 ppm, at most 300 ppm, at most 325 ppm, at most 350 ppm, at most 375 ppm, at most 400 ppm, at most 425 ppm, at most 450 ppm, at most 475 ppm, at most 500 ppm, at most 525 ppm, at most 550 ppm, at most 575 ppm, at most 600 ppm, at most 625 ppm, at most 650 ppm, at most 675 ppm, at most 700 ppm, at most 725 ppm, at most 750 ppm, at most 775 ppm, at most 800 ppm, at most 825 ppm, at most 850 ppm, at most 875 ppm, at most 900 ppm, at most 925 ppm, at most 950 ppm, at most 975 ppm, at most 1 ,000 ppm, at most 1 ,025 ppm, at most 1 ,050 ppm, at most 1075 ppm, at most 1 ,100 ppm, at most 1 ,125 ppm, at most 1 ,150 ppm, at most 1 ,175 ppm, at most 1 ,200 ppm, at most 1 ,225 ppm, at most 1 ,250 ppm, at most 1 ,275 ppm, at most 1 ,300 ppm, at most 1 ,325 ppm, at most 1 ,350 ppm, at most 1 ,375 ppm, at most 1 ,400 ppm, at most 1 ,425ppm, at most 1 ,450 ppm, at most 1 ,475 ppm, at most 1 ,500 ppm, at most 1 ,600 ppm, at most 1 ,700 ppm, at most 1 ,800 ppm, at most 1 ,900 ppm, or at most 2,000 ppm.

[0130] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0131] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0132] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 500ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,000 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,100 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,200 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,300 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,400 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,500 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,600 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,700 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,800 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 1 ,900 ppm, about 1 ,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1 ,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0133] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., 0.05 mg / L, 0.10 mg / L, 0.15 mg / L, 0.20 mg / L, 0.25 mg / L, 0.30 mg / L, 0.35 mg / L, 0.40 mg / L, 0.45 mg / L, 0.50 mg / L, 0.55 mg / L, 0.60 mg / L, 0.65 mg / L, 0.70 mg / L, 0.75 mg / L, 0.80 mg / L, 0.85 mg / L, 0.90 mg / L, 0.95 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 10 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 25 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 35 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 45 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 55 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 65 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 75 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 85 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 95 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 125 mg / L, 150 mg / L, 175 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 225 mg / L, 250 mg / L, 275 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 325 mg / L, 350 mg / L, 375 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 425 mg / L, 450 mg / L, 475 mg / L, 500 mg / L, 525 mg / L, 550 mg / L, 575 mg / L, 600 mg / L, 625 mg / L, 650 mg / L, 675 mg / L, 700 mg / L, 725 mg / L, 750 mg / L, 775 mg / L, 800 mg / L, 825 mg / L, 850 mg / L, 875 mg / L, 900 mg / L, 925 mg / L, 950 mg / L, 975 mg / L, 1 ,000 mg / L, 1 ,025 mg / L, 1 ,050 mg / L,1075 mg / L, 1 ,100 mg / L, 1 ,125 mg / L, 1 ,150 mg / L, 1 ,175 mg / L, 1 ,200 mg / L, 1 ,225 mg / L, 1 ,250 mg / L, 1 ,275 mg / L, 1 ,300 mg / L, 1 ,325 mg / L, 1 ,350 mg / L, 1 ,375 mg / L, 1 ,400 mg / L, 1 ,425 mg / L, 1 ,450 mg / L, 1 ,475 mg / L, 1 ,500 mg / L, 1 ,600 mg / L, 1 ,700 mg / L, 1 ,800 mg / L, 1 ,900 mg / L, or 2,000 mg / L. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., at least 0.05 mg / L, at least 0.10 mg / L, at least 0.20 mg / L, at least 0.30 mg / L, at least 0.40 mg / L, at least 0.50 mg / L, at least 0.60 mg / L, at least 0.70 mg / L, at least 0.80 mg / L, at least 0.90 mg / L, at least 1 mg / L, at least 10 mg / L, at least 20 mg / L, at least 30 mg / L, at least 40 mg / L, at least 50 mg / L, at least 60 mg / L, at least 70 mg / L, at least 80 mg / L, at least 90 mg / L, at least 100 mg / L, at least 125 mg / L, at least 150 mg / L, at least 175 mg / L, at least 200 mg / L, at least 225 mg / L, at least 250 mg / L, at least 275 mg / L, at least 300 mg / L, at least 325 mg / L, at least 350 mg / L, at least 375 mg / L, at least 400 mg / L, at least 425 mg / L, at least 450 mg / L, at least 475 mg / L, at least 500 mg / L, at least 525 mg / L, at least 550 mg / L, at least 575 mg / L, at least 600 mg / L, at least 625 mg / L, at least 650 mg / L, at least 675 mg / L, at least 700 mg / L, at least 725 mg / L, at least 750 mg / L, at least 775 mg / L, at least 800 mg / L, at least 825 mg / L, at least 850 mg / L, at least 875 mg / L, at least 900 mg / L, at least 925 mg / L, at least 950 mg / L, at least 975 mg / L, at least 1 ,000 mg / L, at least 1 ,025 mg / L, at least 1 ,050 mg / L, at least 1075 mg / L, at least 1 ,100 mg / L, at least 1 ,125 mg / L, at least 1 ,150 mg / L, at least 1 ,175 mg / L, at least 1 ,200 mg / L, at least 1 ,225 mg / L, at least 1 ,250 mg / L, at least 1 ,275 mg / L, at least 1 ,300 mg / L, at least 1 ,325 mg / L, at least 1 ,350 mg / L, at least 1 ,375 mg / L, at least 1 ,400 mg / L, at least 1 ,425 mg / L, at least 1 ,450 mg / L, at least 1 ,475 mg / L, at least 1 ,500 mg / L, at least 1 ,600 mg / L, at least 1 ,700 mg / L, at least 1 ,800 mg / L, at least 1 ,900 mg / L, or at least 2,000 mg / L. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., at most 0.05 mg / L, at most 0.10 mg / L, at most 0.20 mg / L, at most 0.30 mg / L, at most 0.40 mg / L, at most 0.50 mg / L, at most 0.60 mg / L, at most 0.70 mg / L, at most 0.80 mg / L, at most 0.90 mg / L, at most 1 mg / L, at most 10 mg / L, at most 20 mg / L, at most 30 mg / L, at most 40 mg / L, at most 50 mg / L, at most 60 mg / L, at most 70 mg / L, at most 80 mg / L, at most 90 mg / L, at most 100 mg / L, at most 125 mg / L, at most 150 mg / L, at most 175 mg / L, at most 200 mg / L, at most 225 mg / L, at most 250 mg / L, at most 275 mg / L, at most 300 mg / L, at most 325 mg / L, at most 350 mg / L, at most 375 mg / L, at most 400 mg / L, at most 425 mg / L, at most 450 mg / L, at most 475 mg / L, at most 500 mg / L, at most 525 mg / L, at most 550 mg / L, at most 575 mg / L, at most 600 mg / L, at most 625 mg / L, at most 650 mg / L, at most 675 mg / L, at most 700 mg / L, at most 725 mg / L, at most 750 mg / L, at most 775 mg / L, at most 800 mg / L, at most 825 mg / L, at most 850 mg / L, at most 875 mg / L, at most 900 mg / L, at most 925 mg / L, at most 950 mg / L, at most 975 mg / L, at most 1 ,000 mg / L, at most 1 ,025 mg / L, at most 1 ,050 mg / L, at most 1075 mg / L, at most 1 ,100 mg / L, at most 1 ,125 mg / L, at most 1 ,150 mg / L, at most 1 ,175 mg / L, at most 1 ,200 mg / L, at most 1 ,225 mg / L, at most1 ,250 mg / L, at most 1 ,275 mg / L, at most 1 ,300 mg / L, at most 1 ,325 mg / L, at most 1 ,350 mg / L, at most 1 ,375 mg / L, at most 1 ,400 mg / L, at most 1 ,425 mg / L, at most 1 ,450 mg / L, at most 1 ,475 mg / L, at most 1 ,500 mg / L, at most 1 ,600 mg / L, at most 1 ,700 mg / L, at most 1 ,800 mg / L, at most 1 ,900 mg / L, or at most 2,000 mg / L.

[0134] In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 0.5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, or about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L.

[0135] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 375 mg / L,about 1 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 75 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 100 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 150 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 200 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 250 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 300 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 350 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, or about 375 mg / L to about 400 mg / L.

[0136] In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to a final concentration of, e.g., about 400 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 400 mg / L toabout 1 ,800 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 400 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about500 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 500 mg / L to about2,000 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,000 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,100 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,000 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,200 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,100 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,300 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,200 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,400 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,300 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 1 ,500 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,400 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,500 mg / L to about 1 ,600 mg / L, about 1 ,500 mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,500 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,500 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,500 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,600mg / L to about 1 ,700 mg / L, about 1 ,600 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,600 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,700 mg / L to about 1 ,800 mg / L, about 1 ,700 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1 ,800 mg / L to about 1 ,900 mg / L, about 1 ,800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, or about 1 ,900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L.

[0137] In aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to an amount of, e.g., about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01 %, about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to an amount of, e.g., at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to an amount of, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01 %, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11 %, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a composition disclosed herein has metallic particles added to an amount of, e.g., about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, about 0.0010% to about 0.35%, about 0.0010% to about 0.40%, about 0.0010% to about 0.45%, about 0.0010% to about 0.50%, about 0.010% to about 0.050%, about 0.010% to about 0.10%, about 0.010% to about 0.15%, about 0.010% to about 0.20%, about 0.010% to about 0.25%, about 0.010% to about 0.30%, about 0.010% to about 0.35%, about 0.010% to about 0.40%, about 0.010% to about 0.45%, about 0.010% to about 0.50%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.10% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.30%, about 0.10% to about 0.35%, about 0.10% to about 0.40%, about 0.10% to about 0.45%, about 0.10% to about 0.50%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.20% to about 0.30%, about 0.20% to about 0.35%, about 0.20% to about 0.40%, about 0.20% to about 0.45%, about 0.20% to about 0.50%, about 0.30% to about 0.35%, about 0.30% to about 0.40%, about 0.30% to about 0.45%, about 0.30% to about 0.50%, about 0.40% to about 0.45%, about 0.40% to about 0.50%, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0138] In an embodiment, metallic particles can be of any size that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, metallic particles disclosed herein have a mean diameter of, e.g., about 10 nm, about 20 nm, about 30 nm, about 40 nm, about 50 nm, about 60 nm, about 70 nm, about 80 nm, about 90 nm, about 100 nm. In other aspects of this embodiment, metallic particles disclosed herein have a mean diameter of, e.g., at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 60 nm, at least 70 nm, at least 80 nm, at least 90 nm, at least 100 nm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, metallic particles disclosed herein have a mean diameter of, e.g.,at most 10 nm, at most 20 nm, at most 30 nm, at most 40 nm, at most 50 nm, at most 60 nm, at most 70 nm, at most 80 nm, at most 90 nm, at most 100 nm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, metallic particles disclosed herein have a mean diameter of, e.g., about 10 nm to about 20 nm, about 10 nm to about 30 nm, about 10 nm to about 40 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 10 nm to about 60 nm, about 10 nm to about 70 nm, about 10 nm to about 80 nm, about 10 nm to about 90 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, about 20 nm to about 30 nm, about 20 nm to about 40 nm, about 20 nm to about 50 nm, about 20 nm to about 60 nm, about 20 nm to about 70 nm, about 20 nm to about 80 nm, about 20 nm to about 90 nm, about 20 nm to about 100 nm, about 30 nm to about 40 nm, about 30 nm to about 50 nm, about 30 nm to about 60 nm, about 30 nm to about 70 nm, about 30 nm to about 80 nm, about 30 nm to about 90 nm, about 30 nm to about 100 nm, about 40 nm to about 50 nm, about 40 nm to about 60 nm, about 40 nm to about 70 nm, about 40 nm to about 80 nm, about 40 nm to about 90 nm, about 40 nm to about 100 nm, about 50 nm to about 60 nm, about 50 nm to about 70 nm, about 50 nm to about 80 nm, about 50 nm to about 90 nm, about 50 nm to about 100 nm, about 60 nm to about 70 nm, about 60 nm to about 80 nm, about 60 nm to about 90 nm, about 60 nm to about 100 nm, about 70 nm to about 80 nm, about 70 nm to about 90 nm, about 70 nm to about 100 nm, about 80 nm to about 90 nm, about 80 nm to about 100 nm, or about 90 nm to about 100 nm.

[0139] In an embodiment, a composition disclosed herein does not comprise metallic particles.

[0140] Aspects of the present specification disclose a composition comprising added one or more metal salts to compositions comprising free available chlorine, or a composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a stable free available chlorine. A metal salt disclosed herein may include one of more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium oxide, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate or any combination thereof.

[0141] In some embodiments, one or more metal salts can be added to a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein. A metal salt disclosed herein can be an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, a base metal salt, or a transition metal salt. An alkali metal salt includes a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a rubidium salt, a cesium salt, and a francium salt. An alkaline earth metal salt includes a beryllium salt, a magnesium salt, a calcium salt, a strontium salt, a barium salt, and a radium salt. A basic metal salt includes an aluminum salt, a gallium salt, an indium salt, a tin salt, a thallium salt, a lead salt, and a bismuth salt. A transition metal salt includes a scandium salt, a titanium salt, a vanadium salt, a chromium salt, a manganese salt, an iron salt, a cobalt salt, a palladium salt, a silver salt, m a nickel salt, a copper salt, a zinc salt, a yttrium salt, Non-limiting examples of a metal salt includes a calcium salt, a copper salt, iron salt, a potassium salt, silver salt, titanium salt, and zinc salt.

[0142] Other non-limiting examples of a metal salt includes a metal acetate salt, a metal chloride salt, a metal nitrate salt, a metal oxide salt, and a metal sulfate salt. A metal acetate salt includes, without limitation, calcium acetate, copper acetate, iron acetate, e.g., iron (II) acetate and iron (III) acetate, potassium acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, and zinc acetate. A metal chloride salt includes, without limitation, calcium chloride salt, copper chloride, iron chloride, e.g., iron (II) chloride or iron (III) chloride,potassium chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, and zinc chloride. A metal nitrate salt includes, without limitation, calcium nitrate salt, copper nitrate, iron nitrate, e.g., iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. A metal oxide salt includes, without limitation, calcium oxide salt, copper oxide salt, iron oxide salt, e.g., iron (II) oxide salt, iron (III) oxide salt, potassium oxide salt, silver oxide salt, titanium oxide salt, and zinc oxide salt. A metal sulfate salt includes, without limitation, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, e.g., iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, potassium sulfate, silver sulfate, titanium sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

[0143] In some embodiments, a composition may include calcium oxide obtained from an organic source like shells from oceanic organisms. In some embodiment, a composition may include calcium oxide obtained from an inorganic source like by a synthetic chemical process.

[0144] In some embodiments, the amount of metal salts added is an amount that provides a desired beneficial effect to a composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising metal salts is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metal salts used is an amount effective to clean, disinfect, sanitize, and / or sterilize. In some embodiments, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising metal salts is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metal salts used is a microbiostatic effective amount. A microbiostatic effective amount of metal salts is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes. In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbiostatic effective amount of metal salts is an amount that restrains, prohibits, or otherwise prevents microbial population growth without eradicating the microbes to a degree that achieves disinfection, sanitization, or sterilization. Alternatively, when a composition manufactured according to a method or use disclosed herein comprising meta...

Claims

CLAIMS A composition comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species, one or more peroxides, and sodium chloride, the composition having an osmolality of about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 1 ,000 ppm. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 700 ppm. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 500 ppm. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 450 ppm. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species is present in an amount of 100 ppm to 425 ppm. The composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the one or more stable free available chlorine species comprises hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite (OCI ), chlorine gas (Ch), superchloride (CI2 ), chlorine oxide radical (CIO), peroxyhypochlorous acid (HOOCI), another reactive chlorine species (RCS), or a combination thereof. The composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount equivalent to the amount of the one or more stable free available chlorine species. The composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount that is less than the amount as the one or more stable free available chlorine species. The composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount that is more than the amount as the one or more stable free available chlorine species. The composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 1 ,000 ppm. The composition according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 700 ppm.The composition according to claim 12, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 500 ppm. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount of 30 ppm to 450 ppm. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the one or more peroxides is present in an amount of 100 ppm to 425 ppm. The composition according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the one or more peroxides comprise hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, other alkali metal peroxides, other alkali earth metal peroxides, or a combination thereof. The composition according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 1 .0% by weight of the composition. The composition according to claim 17, wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount of about 0.7% to about 1 .0% by weight of the composition. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount of about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of the composition. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the sodium chloride is present in an amount of about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein the osmolality is from about 280 mOsm / kg to about 290 mOsm / kg. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein the osmolality is from about 285 mOsm / kg to about 287 mOsm / kg. The composition according to any one of claims 1-22, further comprising one or more reactive oxygen species. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the reactive oxygen species comprise oxygen gas (O2), superoxide (O2 ), singlet oxygen (1O2), a-oxygen (a-O), protonated oxygen (HC ), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxide (O22), ozone (O3), ozonide (O3 ), or a combination thereof. The composition according to any one of claims 1-24 further comprising one or more metallic particles or one or more metal salts.The composition according to Claim 25, wherein the one or more metal particles or one or more metal salts are present in an amount of 10 ppm to 300 ppm. The composition according to Claim 26, wherein the one or more metal particles or one or more metal salts are present in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm. The composition according to Claim 27, wherein the one or more metal particles or one or more metal salts are present in an amount of 30 ppm to 180 ppm. The composition according to Claim 28, wherein the one or more metal particles or one or more metal salts are present in an amount of 40 ppm to 120 ppm. The composition according to any one of claims 25-30, wherein the one or more metal particles or one or more metal salts comprise copper, iron, silver, titanium or zinc or any mixture thereof. The composition according to any one of claims 25-30, wherein the one or more metal particles include a metal acetate particle, a metal chloride particle, a metal nitrate particle, a metal oxide particle, or any combination thereof. The composition according to Claim 31 , wherein the metal chloride particle includes copper chloride, iron chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof. The composition according to Claim 31 , wherein the metal oxide particle includes calcium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silver oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, copper zinc iron oxide, or any combination thereof. The composition to any one of claims 25-33, wherein the one or more metal salts include a metal acetate, a metal chloride, a metal nitrate, a metal sulfate, or any combination thereof. The composition according to Claim 34, wherein the metal acetate includes copper acetate, iron acetate, potassium acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, or zinc acetate. The composition according to Claim 34, wherein the metal chloride includes copper chloride, iron (II) chloride, iron (III) chloride, potassium chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, or zinc chloride. The composition according to Claim 34, wherein the metal nitrate includes copper nitrate, iron nitrate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, or zinc nitrate. The composition according to Claim 34, wherein the metal sulfate includes copper sulfate, iron sulfate, potassium sulfate, silver sulfate, titanium sulfate, or zinc sulfate.A composition comprising about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm of stable free available chlorine species, one or more peroxides, and about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of sodium chloride, the composition having an osmolality of about 280 mOsm / kg to about 290 mOsm / kg. A composition comprising about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm of stable free available chlorine species, one or more peroxides, and about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of sodium chloride, the composition having an osmolality of about 285 mOsm / kg to about 287 mOsm / kg. A method of manufacture a composition, the method comprising adding sodium peroxide to purified water contained in a vessel to prepare an aqueous solution, introducing chlorine gas to the aqueous solution under hydrolysis conditions for a first period of time to produce a first reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The method according to claim 41 , further comprising degassing the first reaction solution for a degassing period of time. The method according to claim 42, wherein the first reaction solution is degassed for about 24 hours to about 72 hours or about 48 hours. The method according to claim 42 or 43, further comprising adding sodium chloride to the first reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. The method according to claim 44, wherein the sodium chloride is added in an amount of about 0.5% by weight to about 1 .0% by weight, about 0.6% by weight to about 0.9% by weight, or about 0.7% by weight to about 0.8% by weight. The method according to claim 44 or 45, wherein the physiological compatible osmolality is about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg, about 280 mOsm / kg to about 290 mOsm / kg, or about 285 mOsm / kg to about 287 mOsm / kg. A method according to claim 41 , further comprising adding sodium peroxide to the first reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas to the first reaction solution under hydrolysis conditions for a second period of time to produce a second reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides.The method according to claim 47, further comprising degassing the second reaction solution for a degassing period of time. The method according to claim 48, wherein the second reaction solution is degassed for about 24 hours to about 72 hours or about 48 hours. The method according to claim 48 or 49, further comprising adding sodium chloride to the second reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. The method according to claim 50, wherein the sodium chloride is added in an amount of about 0.5% by weight to about 1 .0% by weight, about 0.6% by weight to about 0.9% by weight, or about 0.7% by weight to about 0.8% by weight. The method according to claim 50 or 51 , wherein the physiological compatible osmolality is about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg, about 280 mOsm / kg to about 290 mOsm / kg, or about 285 mOsm / kg to about 287 mOsm / kg. A method according to claim 44, further comprising adding sodium peroxide to the second reaction solution, and introducing chlorine gas to the second reaction solution under hydrolysis conditions for a third period of time to produce a third reaction solution comprising one or more stable free available chlorine species and one or more peroxides. The method according to claim 53, further comprising degassing the third reaction solution for a degassing period of time. The method according to claim 54, wherein the third reaction solution is degassed for about 24 hours to about 72 hours or about 48 hours. The method according to claim 54 or 55, further comprising adding sodium chloride to the third reaction solution to adjust the osmolality to a physiological compatible osmolality. The method according to claim 56, wherein the sodium chloride is added in an amount of about 0.5% by weight to about 1 .0% by weight, about 0.6% by weight to about 0.9% by weight, or about 0.7% by weight to about 0.8% by weight.The method according to claim 56 or 57, wherein the physiological compatible osmolality is about 275 mOsm / kg to about 295 mOsm / kg, about 280 mOsm / kg to about 290 mOsm / kg, or about 285 mOsm / kg to about 287 mOsm / kg. The method according to any one of claims 41-58, wherein sodium peroxide added to the purified water in an amount of about 0.02% by weight to about 0.24% by weight, about 0.04% by weight to about 0.20% by weight, about 0.05% by weight to about 0.16% by weight, or about 0.06% by weight to about 0.12% by weight. The method according to any one of claims 41-59, wherein the chlorine gas is introduced to the aqueous solution at a rate of about 240 g / hour to about 320 g / hour, about 260 g / hour to about 300 g / hour, or about 280 g / hour. The method according to any one of claims 41-60, wherein the aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The method according to any one of claims 47-61 , wherein sodium peroxide added to the first reaction solution in an amount of about 0.02% by weight to about 0.24% by weight, about 0.04% by weight to about 0.20% by weight, about 0.05% by weight to about 0.16% by weight, or about 0.06% by weight to about 0.12% by weight. The method according to any one of claims 47-62, wherein the chlorine gas is introduced to the first reaction solution at a rate of about 240 g / hour to about 320 g / hour, about 260 g / hour to about 300 g / hour, or about 280 g / hour. The method according to any one of claims 47-63, wherein the second reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The method according to any one of claims 53-64, wherein sodium peroxide added to the second reaction solution in an amount of about 0.02% by weight to about 0.24% by weight, about 0.04% by weight to about 0.20% by weight, about 0.05% by weight to about 0.16% by weight, or about 0.06% by weight to about 0.12% by weight. The method according to any one of claims 53-65, wherein the chlorine gas is introduced to the second reaction solution at a rate of about 240 g / hour to about 320 g / hour, about 260 g / hour to about 300 g / hour, or about 280 g / hour.The method according to any one of claims 53-66, wherein the third reaction solution undergoes hydrolysis conditions for about 5 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 75 minutes, about 15 minutes to 60 minutes, or about 30 minutes to 60 minutes. composition produced according to a method defined by any one of claims 41-67. A method of treating, preventing, and / or providing relief to an inflammatory response in a respiratory system of an individual, the method comprising administering to the individual a composition according to any one of claims 1 -40 of 68. A composition according to any one of claims 1-40 of 68 for use in treating, preventing, and / or providing relief to an inflammatory response in a respiratory system of an individual. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1-40 of 68 in treating, preventing, and / or providing relief to an inflammatory response in a respiratory system of an individual. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1-40 of 68 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, and / or providing relief to an inflammatory response in a respiratory system of an individual.

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