Gas heat pump

Abstract

The gas heat pump consists of a container (10) with a lower temperature T and a pressure p and a container (11) with a higher temperature T1 and pressure p1 compared to the container (10). The container (10) houses a hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine (1), the shaft of which is connected to a hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine (2) and also to a device drive (3), the shaft of which is connected via a thermal insulation coupling (4) to a hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor (5). Its shaft is connected to a hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor (6). The isothermal compressor (5) and isobaric compressor (6) are housed in the container (11). The isobaric compressor (6) is connected via a pipe to a counter-flow recuperator (8), which is connected via a pipe through a shut-off valve (9) to the isobaric engine (1). Its output is connected to the input to the isothermal engine (2), the output of which is connected via a pipe in the opposite direction via a counter-flow recuperator (8) to the isothermal compressor (5), which is connected via a check valve (7) to the input to the isobaric compressor (6).

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention is a heat pump in which the working substance is a real gas, such as air, and which operates in a highly efficient thermodynamic gas return cycle.Prior Art

[0002] All currently used heat and return heat devices are principally based on the physical properties of the thermal expansion of gases. In order for such devices to work, two different thermal systems must be created and a working substance, which can be steam or real gas, must undergo a series of thermodynamic changes, or processes, during the operation of these devices, where this process is called a thermodynamic work cycle. The practical efficiency of such heat devices is then determined, in particular, by the difference in the given thermodynamic temperatures T1 - T and the perfection of the actual thermodynamic work cycle. Currently, the most widespread heat pump is the compressor system, which operates in a reversed and significantly imperfect thermodynamic condensation cycle. Although this system achieves the best practical efficiency of all currently known systems, its practical efficiency is at most around 40% of the theoretical maximum efficiency achievable. This is caused by the markedly imperfect thermodynamic work cycle. The principle of heat transfer from the cooler system at thermodynamic temperature T is based on the working substance in the liquid state evaporating in the evaporator on the cooler side, where the latent heat of vapourisation lv is taken away; the steam is then fed into the compressor, which compresses the steam using the supplied work W, from the outside to the condenser, where the steam liquefies at higher temperature T1. The total heat Q is released in the condenser; the total heat Q is comprised of the latent heat of vapourisation lv, the relevant working substance and the work W supplied by the device drive. The smaller the difference between the thermodynamic temperatures of both systems, the smaller the work W supplied to the device, and because the latent heat of vapourisation lv, the working substance is always greater than the work W supplied and is independent of the temperature difference, we obtain a positive balance in proportion to the work W supplied and the size of the heat Q transferred from the cooler system to the warmer system.

[0003] A significant disadvantage of these devices, in addition to the low practical efficiency, is that the working substances that can be used are flammable, explosive or poisonous, whilst being also quite expensive.

[0004] At present, several solutions for returnable heat devices are known, i.e. heat pumps for which real gas is used as the working substance. All known solutions that have been built up to the present time are characterised by significantly worse practical efficiency than that achieved by standard compressor heat pumps. The most famous is the Stirling engine working in a reverse cycle. However, the practical efficiency of this heat pump is very low, meaning its only advantage is the fact that it can reach very low temperatures, so it is marginally used to liquefy gases.

[0005] It should be mentioned that for this type of heat pump, where the working substance is real gas, the principle of moving heat from the cooler system to the warmer system is based on a completely different physical principle than for heat pumps working in a condensing cycle. Here, the heat is pumped so that the compressed gas is fed into a thermal gas engine, which is located in the cooler system and here expands isothermically, while Wizoterm performs positive work, taking away on the cooler side heat Q, which is equal to the work done, and then the working gas is compressed isothermically by the compressor, which is located in the warmer system, releasing total heat Qc, determined by the work done by the Wizoterm heat engine and the work W supplied by the device drive. The ideal work cycle would be the reversed Carnot cycle, but it is difficult to construct in practice and so another suitable cycle must be used.

[0006] The invention of a Thermal steam engine, registration number CZ 309736, is known; an isobaric - isothermal device doing work is used, but it is a steam engine. As the steam engine transforms heat into mechanical work using steam, the proposed invention represents essentially a reversible heat device that pumps heat from the colder system to the warmer system using the work supplied, with its working substance not being steam, but real gas.

[0007] The task of the invention submitted is therefore to increase the practical efficiency significantly by means of the most efficient thermodynamic reverse gas cycle and an adapted design of the heat pump, so that the objective can be achieved.Essence of the Invention

[0008] This task is solved by a gas heat pump operating in a highly efficient thermodynamic closed gas reversed isobaric - isothermal - isobaric - isothermal continuous cycle, consisting of the device drive, whose shaft is connected to the shaft of the gas hydrostatic isobaric - isothermal rotary engine, and on the other side its shaft is connected to the shaft of the hydrostatic rotary isobaric - isothermal compressor.

[0009] The theoretical efficiency of this work cycle is exactly the same as the theoretical efficiency of the reversed Carnot cycle, which cannot be implemented in practice. The difference is that in this cycle adiabatic processes are replaced by isobaric ones, the fundamental advantage of this cycle is that it is very easy to design in practice and can achieve practical efficiency of up to four-fifths of the maximum theoretically achievable efficiency between two given temperatures.

[0010] The gas heat pump according to the invention consists of a set comprising an isobaric-isothermal hydrostatic rotary engine, which is housed in a container through which the medium from which heat is drawn flows, with the shaft of the connected engines connected to a drive shaft, such as that of an electric motor. A typical electric motor is used for the drive, and on the other side the electric motor shaft is connected via a thermal insulation coupling to the shaft of an isothermal-isobaric hydrostatic rotary compressor, which is housed in the container through which the heat-dissipating medium flows. The engine and compressor work areas are interconnected by a counter-flow recuperator essentially by the creation of two working gas pressure circuits with a significant difference in pressures p and p1.

[0011] The gas heat pump works by opening an electromagnetically controlled valve after the drive is started, and the high-pressure working gas is fed into the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine, where it expands under constant pressure and performs the Wizobar work and then is fed using the shortest route to the hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine, where it expands isothermically, i.e. at constant temperature, and performs the Wizoterm work at the expense of heat Q taken from the medium flowing through the container that houses the two engines.

[0012] The pressure in the hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine drops significantly from p1 to p and the gas is isobarically compressed through the counter-flow recuperator, where it ideally transfers most of its specific heat cp to the counter-flowing gas fed into the hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine, wherein its temperature is raised from the lower temperature T to a temperature close to temperature T1 and the gas enters the hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor, where it is compressed isothermally at the higher temperature T1, through a check valve into the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor, increasing its pressure from p to p1, and is then fed into the high-pressure circuit of the counter-flow recuperator, where it transfers its specific heat cp to the counter-flowing gas in the low-pressure circuit, dropping its temperature from T1 to a temperature close to T and entering the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine through an open electromagnetic valve. This ends the whole cycle, with two complete cycles running during one rotation, where each half-rotation simultaneously covers the first and second processes of a cycle and the third and fourth processes of the previous cycle. Heat Q1 is released in the compressors, where heat Q1 is equal to the Wizobar plus Wizoterm work done by both gas engines plus work W that was supplied by the drive, where the given heat Q1 is dissipated by the heat-dissipating medium that flows around the compressors housed in the container.

[0013] Another great advantage is that the volume of the counter-flow recuperator has no negative effect on the course of its own work cycle, so it is possible for the counter-flow recuperator to work with high practical efficiency.

[0014] The counter-flow recuperator is designed for perfect isobaric processes, where the temperature of the counterflowing working gas is increased from T1 to T2 and decreased back again, as well as for the transfer of heat Q, into which the isobaric compression work is transformed.

[0015] The big advantage of a gas heat pump is that the working substance can be compressed air.

[0016] The significant increase in practical efficiency in comparable conditions compared to existing heat pumps is a major advantage.Clarification of Drawings

[0017] The invention will be clarified by a drawing, a specific example of a gas heat pump, where Fig. 1 shows the schematic arrangement of a gas heat pump.Example of the Invention

[0018] The gas heat pump, according to the example design shown, consists of a device drive 3, the shaft of which is connected on one side to the shaft of a hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine 2, the shaft of which is connected on the other side to the shaft of a hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 1, where the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 1 and the hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine 2 are housed in a container 10, through the holes A and B of which flows the medium from which heat is drawn.

[0019] On one side of the device drive 3, which could be an electric motor, for example, the shaft is connected via a thermal insulation coupling 4 to a hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor 5, the shaft of which on the other side is connected to a hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 6, where the hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor 5 and the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 6 are housed in a container 11, through the holes C and D of which the heat-dissipating medium flows.

[0020] The output from the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 6 is connected via a pipe to the high-pressure circuit of a counter-flow recuperator 8 and the output from the counter-flow recuperator 8 is connected via a pipe to an electromagnetically operated shut-off valve 9, which is connected via a pipe to the input to the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 1.

[0021] The output from the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 1 is connected to the input to the hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine 2, where the output from the hydrostatic isothermal rotary motor 2 is connected in the opposite direction via a pipe to the low-pressure circuit of the counter-flow recuperator 8, where the output from the low-pressure circuit of the counter-flow recuperator 8 is connected via a pipe to the input to the hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor 5, the output of which is connected via a check valve 7 to the input to the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 6.

[0022] The hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 1 and the hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine 2 are housed in a container 10, which the medium enters via pipe A, where the medium dissipates heat Q and leaves via the output pipe B.

[0023] The hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor 5 and the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 6 are housed in a vessel 11 through which the medium dissipating heat Q1 at a higher temperature T1 flows, entering the container via pipe C and exiting via pipe D.Industrial Usability

[0024] The gas heat pump will have very wide uses, it can work as a cooling apparatus, reversed heat pump or equipment for reverse air conditioning and so on. Since compressed air can be used as the working substance, it is assumed that it will gradually replace existing compressor heat pumps, which have significantly lower practical efficiency and use liquid gases and their compounds as working substances.List of Reference Marks

[0025] 1.Hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine 2.Hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine 3.Device drive 4.Thermal insulation coupling 5.Hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor 6.Hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor 7.Check valve 8.Counter-flow recuperator 9.Electromagnetically operated shut-off valve 10.Container 11.Vessel

Claims

1. A gas heat pump, comprising a container (10) with a lower temperature T and pressure p and a vessel (11) with a higher temperature T1 and pressure p1 compared to the temperature T and pressure p in the container (10), characterised in that the container (10) houses a hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine (1), the shaft of which is connected to a hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine (2), where the shaft of the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine (1) is connected to the shaft of a device drive (3), where the shaft of the device drive (3) is connected via a thermal insulation coupling (4) to a hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor (5), the shaft of which is connected to a hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor (6) on the other side, where the hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor (5) and the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor (6) are housed in the vessel (11), and further the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor (6) is connected via a pipe to a counter-flow recuperator (8), which is connected via a pipe to an electromagnetically operated shut-off valve (9), which is connected via a pipe to the hydrostatic isobaric rotary engine (1), the output of which is connected to the input to the hydrostatic isothermal rotary engine (2), the output of which is connected by a pipe in the opposite direction via the counter-flow recuperator (8) to the hydrostatic isothermal rotary compressor (5), the output of which is connected to a check valve (7), which is further connected to the input to the hydrostatic isobaric rotary compressor (6).

2. A gas heat pump according to claim 1, characterised in that the container (10) and the vessel (11) each have at least one opening.

3. A gas heat pump according to claim 1, characterised in that the working substance is compressed air, gas and / or gas compounds.

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