Method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, wood-concrete composite floor, screw, and marking part

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, having the steps of arranging a screw channel element on the upper face of a wood floor, screwing a screw into the screw channel element perpendicularly to the upper face of the wood floor and into the material of the wood floor so that a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element, and applying a concrete layer onto the upper face of the wood floor, wherein the layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the concrete layer extends approximately to the screw channel element end arranged at a distance to the upper face of the wood floor or such that the concrete layer extends beyond the head of the screw.

Description

[0001] Method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, wood-concrete composite floor, screw and marking part

[0002] The invention relates to a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor. The invention also relates to a wood-concrete composite floor, a screw for a wood-concrete composite floor, and a marking part.

[0003] Wood-concrete composite ceilings offer significant advantages in terms of structural physics. Compared to purely wood structures, wood-concrete composite ceilings offer improved fire protection, for example. Larger spans can be achieved, and sound transmission and vibration behavior are improved compared to purely wood structures. When constructing a wood-concrete composite ceiling, a wood ceiling structure can first be erected. Liquid concrete is then applied to this wood structure, so that after the concrete hardens, a wood-concrete composite ceiling is formed. It is also common to place a precast concrete element on top of a wood structure. In both cases, screws can be provided to connect the concrete layer to the wood structure. Conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings are problematic in terms of recycling.Regardless of whether liquid concrete is applied and screws already screwed into the timber structure are cast around during the application of the liquid concrete, or whether prepared elements are incorporated into a precast concrete component, separating the concrete from the screws embedded in it is generally no longer possible. This is also the case if a conventional screw is cast with concrete around its shaft. Once the concrete has hardened, it is generally no longer possible to unscrew the screw from the concrete.

[0004] The invention is intended to improve a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, a wood-concrete composite floor, a screw for a wood-concrete composite floor and a marking part.

[0005] According to the invention, a method having the features of claim 1, 2, or 5, a wood-concrete composite ceiling having the features of claim 6, a screw for a wood-concrete composite ceiling having the features of claim 19, or a marking part having the features of claim 24 are provided. Advantageous developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.In a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, the steps of arranging a screw channel element on an upper side of a wooden floor, screwing a screw into the screw channel element perpendicular to the upper side of the wooden floor into the material of the wooden floor so that a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element, and applying a concrete layer to the upper side of the wooden floor, wherein a layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the concrete layer extends approximately to one end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the upper side of the wooden floor or that the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head of the screw.

[0006] Within the scope of the invention, a screw can be screwed into the screw channel element before or after a concrete layer has been applied to the top side of the wooden ceiling. A key feature of the invention is that the screw extends through the screw channel element in the area of ​​the concrete layer. An outer circumference of the screw therefore has no contact with the concrete layer or only has contact with the concrete layer over a very small area. This makes it possible to unscrew the screw from the wooden ceiling and the screw channel element when recycling the wood-concrete composite ceiling. The metal screw can thus be easily separated from the concrete layer and the wooden ceiling. If the screw head is positioned above the top side of the concrete layer or flush with the top side of the concrete layer, a drive formation of the screw head is easily accessible and the screw can be unscrewed.If the concrete layer extends beyond the screw head, the concrete layer above the screw head must be removed so that the drive formation of the screw is accessible. For this purpose, the screw head can be provided with a marking part that protrudes above the top of the concrete layer, or the screws can be screwed into the timber ceiling at predefined points or in predefined areas, for example in a predefined grid. The predefined points or areas must then be taken from a drawing, for example, and the concrete layer must be removed in sections at these points or in these areas until the drive formation on the screw head is accessible.The screw channel element can be designed as a wooden rod, a wooden tube, a wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, where the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, a plastic rod, a rubber hose, a plastic tube, a metal rod or even a metal tube and also as a section-wise coating of the screw shaft. The wooden ceiling can have depressions in its upper side, which are also referred to as notches. Each screw can be screwed into the wooden ceiling in the area of ​​a depression or notch. Each screw can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside of a depression or notch and screws can be screwed into the wooden ceiling both in the area of ​​the depressions or notches and outside of the depressions or notches.

[0007] The problem underlying the invention is also solved by a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor with the steps of screwing in a screw, wherein the screw is arranged in sections in a screw channel element and wherein a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element, perpendicular to the upper side of the wood ceiling into the material of the wood ceiling and applying a concrete layer to the upper side of the wood ceiling, wherein a layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the concrete layer extends approximately to one end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the upper side of the wood ceiling, or such that the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head of the screw.

[0008] If the screw head is positioned above the top of the concrete layer or flush with the top of the concrete layer, the drive groove of the screw head is easily accessible, and the screw can be unscrewed. If the concrete layer extends beyond the screw head, the concrete layer above the screw head must be removed so that the drive groove of the screw is accessible. For this purpose, the screw head can be provided with a marking part that protrudes above the top of the concrete layer, or the screws can be screwed into the timber ceiling at predefined points or in predefined areas, for example, in a predefined grid.The predefined points or areas must then be taken from a drawing, for example, and at these points or in these areas the concrete layer must be removed section by section until the drive formation on the screw head is accessible. The screw channel element can be designed as a wooden rod, a wooden tube, a wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, whereby the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, a plastic rod, a rubber hose, a plastic tube, a metal rod or even a metal tube and also as a section-by-section coating of the screw shaft. The wooden ceiling can have depressions in its upper side, which are also referred to as notches. Each screw can be screwed into the wooden ceiling in the area of ​​a depression or notch, i.e. into the base of the depression.Each screw can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside of a recess or notch, and screws can be screwed into the wooden ceiling both in the area of ​​the recesses or notches and outside the recesses or notches. The problem underlying the invention is also solved by a method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling with the steps of producing a prefabricated concrete element with at least one screw channel element that extends from a top side of the prefabricated concrete element to a bottom side of the prefabricated concrete element, placing the prefabricated concrete element on a wooden ceiling so that a bottom side of the prefabricated concrete element rests against a top side of the wooden ceiling, and screwing a screw into the screw channel element perpendicular to the top side of the wooden ceiling into the material of the wooden ceiling so that the screw completely penetrates the screw channel element and a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element.

[0009] Even when using a prefabricated concrete element, the method according to the invention can ensure that the prefabricated concrete element and the wooden ceiling, as well as the screw, can be separated from one another very easily during recycling of the wood-concrete composite ceiling. A screw head of the screw can protrude beyond an upper side of the prefabricated concrete element or can be arranged in a recess in the prefabricated concrete element. If the recess is filled up to above the screw head after screwing in the screw, a drive formation of the screw may have to be exposed before unscrewing the screw. Preferably, the screw is arranged in a recess in the upper side of the prefabricated concrete element such that an upper side of the screw head is aligned with the upper side of the prefabricated concrete element surrounding the recess and a drive formation of the screw, for example a hexagon socket, is accessible.The screw channel element can be designed as a wooden rod, a wooden tube, a wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, where the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, a plastic rod, a rubber hose, a plastic tube, a metal rod or even a metal tube and also as a section-wise coating of the screw shaft. The wooden ceiling can have depressions in its upper side, which are also referred to as notches. Each screw can be screwed into the wooden ceiling in the area of ​​a depression or notch, i.e. into the base of the depression. Each screw can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside of a depression or notch and screws can be screwed into the wooden ceiling both in the area of ​​the depressions or notches and outside of the depressions or notches.

[0010] In all embodiments of the method according to the invention, the screw channel element can be made of solid material, for example solid wood, glued wood or wood-based material, of plastic, preferably biodegradable plastic made from renewable raw materials, for example in the form of a tube or rod made of solid material, or of metal, for example a metal tube or a solid metal rod designed so that a screw can be screwed into the metal. Suitable metals include soft metals such as lead, tin or the like. For example, a wood-based material or liquid wood can also be used, which consists at least largely of wood, which can, for example, be injected into shape and which can rot and is therefore biodegradable.

[0011] The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a wood-concrete composite floor with a wooden floor, a screw channel element, a screw which extends through the screw channel element and into a material of the wooden floor, and a concrete layer which extends from a top side of the wooden floor to an end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the top side of the wooden floor and which surrounds the screw channel element at least in sections, or which extends from a top side of the wooden floor to beyond a screw head of the screw.

[0012] The screw channel element ensures that the screw shaft is separated from the surrounding concrete layer. This guarantees that the screw can be easily unscrewed from the wooden ceiling and the concrete layer. The screw is inserted into the screw channel element or the concrete layer is applied to the wooden ceiling in such a way that the drive formation of the screw is still accessible after the concrete layer has hardened. If the screw head is positioned above the top of the concrete layer or flush with the top of the concrete layer, the drive formation of the screw head is easily accessible and the screw can be unscrewed. If the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head, the concrete layer above the screw head must be removed so that the drive formation of the screw is accessible.For this purpose, the screw head can, for example, be provided with a marking part that protrudes above the top of the concrete layer, or the screws are screwed into the wooden ceiling at predefined points or in predefined areas, for example in a predefined grid. The predefined points or areas must then be taken from a drawing, for example, and the concrete layer must be removed section by section at these points or in these areas until the drive formation on the screw head is accessible. The wooden ceiling can have depressions in its top side, which are also known as notches. Each screw can be screwed into the wooden ceiling in the area of ​​a depression or notch, i.e. into the base of the depression.Each screw can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside of a recess or notch and screws can be screwed into the wooden ceiling both in the area of ​​the recesses or notches and outside the recesses or notches.

[0013] In a further development of the invention, the screw channel element is designed as a wooden rod, wooden tube, wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, wherein the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, rubber hose, plastic rod, plastic tube, metal rod, or metal tube. For example, if a metal rod or a metal tube is used as the screw channel element, magnetic material can be used to enable the screw channel element to be separated from the concrete layer and the wooden ceiling in a particularly simple manner.

[0014] A wooden rod, wooden tube or wooden dowel is also the name given to a building element made of wood-based material that consists primarily of wood. In this way, biodegradable or rottable screw channel elements can be provided. The screw channel element can also be designed as a paper sleeve, cardboard sleeve, plastic hose, rubber hose, plastic rod or plastic tube, especially made of biodegradable plastic from renewable raw materials. During dismantling of the wood-concrete composite floor, the screw channel element can therefore remain in the concrete as it rots or biodegrades. If the screw channel element is made of metal, it can be removed during dismantling, for example using a magnet, or it can remain in the fragmented concrete material as it is quickly degraded by corrosion.

[0015] In a further development of the invention, the screw channel element is arranged in sections in a blind hole in the wooden ceiling.

[0016] In this way, the screw channel element can be positioned very easily and precisely relative to the wooden ceiling.

[0017] In a further development of the invention, the screw channel element starts from a base of a notch or depression in the wooden ceiling or the screw channel element starts from a base of the wooden ceiling outside the notch.

[0018] In the area of ​​recesses in the timber floor, known as notches, the concrete layer engages the timber floor material, allowing shear forces parallel to the concrete layer and the timber floor to be effectively transferred. A screw in the area of ​​a notch or depression can then ensure that the concrete layer and timber floor are pressed together in the area of ​​the notch, further improving force transfer between the concrete and the timber, and preventing the concrete layer from lifting from the timber floor when the timber-concrete composite floor is loaded.

[0019] In a further development of the invention, the screw channel element and the screw are arranged perpendicular to the top side of the wooden ceiling.

[0020] In this way, the screw can be very easily unscrewed from the wooden ceiling and the concrete layer.

[0021] In a further development of the invention, the screw channel element is designed as a section-wise coating of a shaft of the screw.

[0022] In a further development of the invention, the coating has an outer diameter that is greater than or equal to a maximum outer diameter of a thread of the screw.

[0023] In a further development of the invention, the screw has a drive formation which is accessible from an upper side of the concrete layer.

[0024] In a further development of the invention, a washer is provided on the screw shaft, the upper side of which rests against the underside of a head of the screw.

[0025] A washer ensures that the tensile force of the screw is evenly transferred to the concrete layer. The washer can be formed integrally with the head of the screw, the washer can be designed as a separate component, or the washer can be formed integrally with the screw channel element.

[0026] In a further development of the invention, in a wood-concrete composite floor, the concrete layer extends from the top side of the wood floor to beyond a screw head of the screw, and a marking part is arranged on the screw head, wherein the marking part extends at least partially beyond the top side of the concrete layer. In this way, the position of the screw head can be easily marked, so that during demolition, the concrete layer in the area of ​​the marking part can be removed in sections until a drive formation of the screw head is accessible and the screw can be unscrewed.

[0027] In a further development of the invention, the marking part has a fastening section and a connecting lug, wherein the connecting lug extends from a fastening section of the marking part and is designed to be elastically bendable.

[0028] This allows for easy application of the concrete layer, as the connecting lug elastically yields during the application, distribution, and / or smoothing of the concrete layer and other work steps, and springs back to at least approximately its original position. When the wood-concrete composite floor is completed, the connecting lug protrudes at least partially above the top of the concrete layer, making the positions of the screws easy to locate during dismantling.

[0029] In a further development of the invention, the marking part is made of biodegradable material, in particular biodegradable plastic made from renewable raw materials, wood, wood material, paper, cardboard, in particular coated, or of material decomposable by environmental influences, in particular metal.

[0030] This way, the marking element doesn't necessarily have to be removed from the demolished concrete layer, which usually consists of fragments. The marking element is biodegraded or decomposed.

[0031] The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a screw for a wood-concrete composite ceiling, in which a shaft of the screw is partially surrounded by a screw channel element, wherein the screw channel element extends from an underside of the head of the screw or the underside of a washer on the head of the screw to a point on the screw shaft which is spaced from an end of the screw shaft which is opposite the head of the screw.

[0032] Such a screw can be screwed into a wooden ceiling up to the beginning of the screw channel element. After a concrete layer has been applied, the screw is then either not in contact with the concrete layer or only in a very small area. The screw can then be easily removed from the concrete layer. For example, the screw is only in contact with the concrete layer at the bottom of its head. The screw thread, which is located in the area of ​​the concrete layer, is separated from the concrete layer by the screw channel element.The screw channel element can be designed as a wooden rod, a wooden tube, a wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, where the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, a plastic rod, a rubber hose, a plastic tube, a metal rod or even a metal tube and also as a section-wise coating of the screw shaft. The wooden ceiling can have depressions in its upper side, which are also referred to as notches. Each screw can be screwed into the wooden ceiling in the area of ​​a depression or notch, i.e. into the base of the depression. Each screw can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside of a depression or notch and screws can be screwed into the wooden ceiling both in the area of ​​the depressions or notches and outside of the depressions or notches.

[0033] In a further development of the invention, an outer diameter of the screw channel element is greater than or equal to a maximum outer diameter of the thread of the screw.

[0034] In this way, the screw can be easily unscrewed from the wooden ceiling and the screw channel element.

[0035] In a further development of the invention, a marking part is provided which is placed on the screw head and which extends between 5 mm and 50 mm beyond the screw head in the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft and from the end of the screw to the screw head.

[0036] In a further development of the invention, the marking part has a fastening section and a connecting lug, wherein the connecting lug extends from a fastening section of the marking part and is designed to be elastically bendable at least in sections.

[0037] In a further development of the invention, the marking part is made of biodegradable material, in particular biodegradable plastic made from renewable raw materials, wood, wood material, paper, cardboard, in particular coated, or of material decomposable by environmental influences, in particular metal.

[0038] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings. Individual features of the various illustrated and described embodiments can be combined with one another in any way without exceeding the scope of the invention. This also applies to the combination of individual features with other individual features with which they are illustrated and / or described in conjunction. The drawings show:

[0039] Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor according to the invention,

[0040] Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a composite during the production of a wood-concrete composite floor according to the invention,

[0041] Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a screw according to the invention for a wood-concrete composite ceiling, and

[0042] Fig. 4 is a top view of the screw in Fig. 3.

[0043] Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete

[0044] Composite floor according to another embodiment,

[0045] Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete structure according to the invention.

[0046] Composite floor according to another embodiment,

[0047] Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor according to another embodiment,

[0048] Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a marking part according to the invention,

[0049] Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of another marking part according to the invention,

[0050] Fig. 10 the marking part of Fig. 9 in a side view and

[0051] Fig. 11 a screw according to the invention with a marking part according to another

[0052] Embodiment of the invention.

[0053] Fig. 1 shows a schematic, sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor 10 according to the invention. The wood-concrete composite floor comprises a wood floor 12 onto which a concrete layer 14 is applied. The concrete layer 14 can be applied to the wood floor 12 in a flowable state; however, within the scope of the invention, the concrete layer 14 can also be applied in the form of a prefabricated concrete element.

[0054] The wooden ceiling 12 has a recess 16 in its upper surface, also referred to as a notch. The concrete layer 14 engages this recess 16 with a matching projection. This creates a positive connection between the concrete layer 14 and the wooden ceiling 12 in a direction parallel to the wooden ceiling 12 and the concrete layer 14, i.e., in the horizontal direction in Fig. 1. This contributes to a greatly improved force transmission between the concrete layer 14 and the wooden ceiling 12.

[0055] In the area of ​​the recess 16, a screw 18 is screwed through the concrete layer 14 and into the wooden ceiling 16. Within the scope of the invention, the screw 18 can also be screwed into the wooden ceiling outside the notch, and wooden ceilings without notches can also be used. The screw 18 has a screw head with a drive formation. A washer 20 is arranged between the underside of the screw head and the upper side of the concrete layer 14. By means of the washer 20, a prestressing force from the screw head of the screw 18 can be distributed over a large area of ​​the concrete layer 14, or lifting of the concrete layer 14 can be prevented when the wood-concrete composite ceiling is loaded.

[0056] The screw 18 is arranged in the area of ​​the concrete layer 14 within a screw channel element 22. This prevents direct contact between the concrete layer 14 and the shaft of the screw 18. Within the scope of the invention, the screw channel element 22 can be made of wood, wood material, plastic, rubber, or even metal. A screw channel is formed in the screw channel element 22, through which the screw 18 extends. The screw channel in the screw channel element 22 can already be formed before the screw 18 is screwed in, can already be partially formed before the screw is screwed in, or can only be partially or completely formed when the screw is screwed in.The screw channel element 22 can therefore be designed as a wooden rod, a wooden tube, a wooden dowel, a paper sleeve, a cardboard sleeve, wherein the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, a plastic rod, a rubber hose, a plastic tube, a metal rod or even a metal tube, and also as a section-wise coating of the screw shaft. It is essential for the purposes of the invention that the screw channel element 22 forms a screw channel for the screw 18 and prevents direct contact between the concrete layer 14 and the shaft of the screw 18. At the very least, the screw channel element 22 ensures that only negligible portions of the screw 18 come into direct contact with the concrete layer 14.Within the scope of the invention, the screw channel element 22 ensures that the screw 18 can be unscrewed from the wooden ceiling 12 and the concrete layer 14. This is necessary, for example, if the wood-concrete composite ceiling 10 is to be recycled and separated into its individual components. The screw channel element itself is ideally designed to be biodegradable or decomposable, for example, from wood or wood-based material.

[0057] In conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings, screws are cast or integrated directly into the concrete layer 14 and therefore cannot be unscrewed.

[0058] Fig. 2 shows an intermediate stage in the construction of a wood-concrete composite floor. The wood floor 12 has already been constructed, and the concrete layer 14 has also been applied to the wood floor 12. As already mentioned, the concrete layer 14 can be poured onto the wood floor 12 or can be placed on the wood floor 12 in the form of a precast concrete element. The wood floor 12 has a recess 16. A blind hole 24 is arranged at the bottom of the recess 16, into which a screw channel element 26 is inserted.

[0059] For example, the screw channel element 26 in the form of a wooden rod or wooden dowel can be inserted into the blind hole 24 and then the concrete layer 14 can be poured on top. Any projection of the screw channel element 26 beyond the top side of the concrete layer 14, which is still visible in Fig. 2, can then be removed. The screw 18 is then screwed into the screw channel element 26, whereby a screw channel then forms in the screw channel element 26 in the area of ​​the concrete layer 14. The screw 18 is then screwed in until a section of its thread is arranged in the wooden ceiling 12 and until an underside of the screw head or a washer between the screw head and the concrete layer 14 rests on the top side of the concrete layer 14.

[0060] Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of a screw 30 according to the invention for a wood-concrete composite floor. Fig. 4 shows the screw 30 in a front view.

[0061] The screw 30 is provided with a screw head 32 and a screw shaft 32. An upper side of the screw head 32, located on the left in Fig. 3, has a drive formation, which can be seen in Fig. 4. A lower side of the screw head 32 is frustoconical. Within the scope of the invention, the screw can have a lower side of the screw head that is perpendicular to the screw axis. The screw can also be provided with a hexagon head or a circular cylindrical head with an internal drive, and a washer can be provided under the head.

[0062] The shaft 32 of the screw is provided with a thread 34, designed as a wood thread, essentially over its entire length. The screw shaft 32 is provided with a screw channel element 36 in an area that begins at the underside of the screw head 32 and ends before a free end of the screw shaft 32. The screw channel element 36 can be designed as a coating of the screw shaft 32, for example, as a plastic coating. However, the screw channel element 36 can also be designed, for example, as a plastic hose or rubber hose or the like and is pushed onto the screw shaft 32, for example.

[0063] The screw 30 can be screwed into the wooden ceiling 12 up to the beginning of the screw channel element 36 before pouring a concrete layer 14. A concrete layer can then be applied to the wooden ceiling 12, whereby the height of the concrete layer must not exceed the top side of the head 32 arranged on the left in Fig. 3. In this way, the drive formation of the screw 30 is still accessible and the screw 30 can, if desired, be unscrewed out of the wooden ceiling and the concrete layer. The screw channel element 36 separates the shaft 32 of the screw from the applied concrete layer. The screw 30 shows that the frustoconical underside of the screw head 32 may be in direct contact with the concrete layer 14. However, the underside of the head forms a negligible area compared to the area of ​​the shaft 32 covered by the screw channel element 36.Furthermore, the truncated cone-shaped underside of the screw head 32 has a smooth surface. Even if the concrete layer 14 directly contacts the screw 30 in the area of ​​the underside of the screw head 32, this still allows the screw 30 to be unscrewed from the wooden ceiling 12 and the concrete layer 14.

[0064] Fig. 5 shows a schematic, section-wise sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor 40 according to another embodiment of the invention. The wood-concrete composite floor 40 of Fig. 5 is constructed very similarly to the wood-concrete composite floor of Fig. 1, so only the differences will be explained.

[0065] The head of the screw 18 is arranged in a recess 42 in the concrete layer 14. The upper surface of the screw head is still slightly below the upper surface of the area of ​​the concrete layer 14 surrounding the recess 42. For example, a floor covering can now be easily laid on top of the concrete layer 14. If desired, the recess 42 can also be filled, for example, with filler or the like. If a filler with a different color than the color of the concrete layer 14 is used, it can be easily determined during the dismantling of the wood-concrete composite ceiling where the screw 18 or other screws 18 are located. Instead of a different color, for example, a filler with a different surface structure than the concrete layer 14 can also be selected.Even if the recess 42 is filled with concrete, the location of the screw 18 can be determined, for example, by consulting documentation, such as a drawing, and measuring. The concrete or filler compound can then be removed from the recess 42, and the screw 18 can be easily unscrewed, since its shaft is surrounded by the screw channel element 22 in the area of ​​the concrete layer. This allows the different materials to be easily separated during dismantling of the wood-concrete composite ceiling 40.

[0066] However, if a self-supporting floor covering, such as a parquet floor, is applied to the top of the concrete layer 14, the recess 42 does not need to be filled. When a layer of screed is applied to the top of the concrete layer 14, the recess is automatically filled. After the screed is removed, the screw 18 is then accessible again.

[0067] Fig. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor 50 according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0068] The concrete layer 14 extends beyond the top side of the head of the screw 18. Before the concrete layer 14 was applied, a marking part 52 having a fastening section 54 and a connecting lug 56 was placed onto the head of the screw 18. The fastening section 54 is placed onto the screw head of the screw 18. For example, the fastening section 54 is made of an elastic material and is easily pushed onto the screw head of the screw 18, where it is clamped. The connecting lug 56 consists of a strip-shaped material section that is elastic at least in sections. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the connecting lug 56 extends in sections beyond the top side of the concrete layer 14.

[0069] During the dismantling of the wood-concrete composite ceiling 50, a worker can thus very easily identify where the screws 18 are located, namely exactly where the connecting lug 56 protrudes slightly above the top of the concrete layer. In the area around the connecting lug 56, the worker must then remove the concrete layer 14, remove the marking part 52 from the screw head of the screw 18, and then the screw 18 can be easily unscrewed.

[0070] The connecting lug 56 is made of an elastically deformable material. If the concrete layer 14 is applied on-site in a liquid state, for example, the connecting lug 56 can yield and spring back, particularly when the upper surface of the concrete layer 14 is smoothed or when the still-liquid concrete is generally spread over the upper surface of the wooden ceiling 12.

[0071] The marking part 52 is advantageously made of a biodegradable material or a material that can be decomposed by environmental influences. For example, the marking part 52 can be made of a biodegradable plastic made from renewable raw materials. After crushing and removing the concrete layer 14, remnants of the marking parts 52 or even complete marking parts 52 can easily remain in the resulting concrete rubble, as they are then quickly degraded and / or decomposed. Naturally, the biodegradable plastic is designed in such a way that no microplastics are formed; rather, the plastic of the marking part 52 is actually not only crushed but also degraded.

[0072] Fig. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a wood-concrete composite floor 60 according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0073] The wood-concrete composite floor 50 largely corresponds to the wood-concrete composite floor 10 of Fig. 1 with the difference that the concrete layer 14 extends beyond the top of the head of the screw 18.

[0074] The top side of the concrete layer 14 is thus closed above the screw 18. When dismantling the wood-concrete composite ceiling 60, it is therefore necessary to consult documentation, for example a drawing, to determine where the screw 18 or multiple screws 18 are located. For example, the screws 18 are placed in a predetermined grid. By measuring, the area under which the head of the screw 18 is located can be found, and the concrete layer 14 can then be removed in this area until the head of the screw 18 or its drive formation is accessible. In the embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling 60 shown in Fig. 7, the concrete layer 14 extends between 5 mm and 50 mm beyond the top side of the head of the screw 18. When dismantling the wood-concrete composite ceiling 60, the removal of the concrete layer 14 above the head of the screw 18 is therefore still possible with little effort.The screw channel element 22 also serves to hold the washer 20 under the screw head and in contact with the underside of the screw head before the concrete is applied.

[0075] Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a marking part 70 according to an embodiment of the invention. The marking part 70 is provided with a fastening section 72, which is intended for a drive formation of an internal drive, in particular with several radially extending recesses rounded at the outer end. The fastening section 72 is then pressed into the drive formation of a screw and is then clamped in the drive formation and thereby locked. The fastening section is followed by a disk 74, from which a connecting lug 76 then extends. This marking part 70 can be placed not only on a screw head according to Fig. 5 but also on a countersunk head according to Fig. 3. If necessary, the fastening section must be adapted.

[0076] As explained, the concrete layer is applied to the wooden ceiling at such a height or the connecting lug 76 is selected to be so long that a section of the connecting lug 76 extends beyond the top side of the concrete layer.

[0077] Fig. 9 shows a marking part 80 according to another embodiment of the invention for externally driven screws.

[0078] The marking part 80 has a fastening section 82 with a recess in the shape of a circular cylinder. Alternatively, the shape of a regular hexagon can also be selected. The marking part 80 is pushed onto the hexagon head of a screw with its fastening section 82 and is held on the screw head by means of a clamping force generated by a slightly elastic design of the fastening section 82.

[0079] A connecting lug 84 is arranged on the side of the fastening section, projecting upwards. The connecting lug 84 is intended to extend through the concrete layer and be positioned with a portion above the top of the concrete layer.

[0080] Fig. 10 shows a side view of the marking part 80 of Fig. 9. It can be seen that the fastening section 82 is in the form of a cap, inside which the circular-cylindrical recess is formed. The connecting lug 84 extends from the fastening section in a direction parallel to the depth direction of the recess, in other words, parallel to a longitudinal extension of a screw, onto whose head the marking part 80 is placed.

[0081] Fig. 11 shows a schematic sectional view of a screw according to the invention according to another embodiment. An elastic marking part 52 in the form of a piece of tubing is placed on the head of the screw. The inner diameter of the piece of tubing 92 is dimensioned such that it can be pushed onto the head of the screw and clamped there. A washer is arranged on the underside of the head of the screw.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor, comprising the steps of: arranging a screw channel element on an upper side of a wood floor, screwing a screw into the screw channel element perpendicular to the upper side of the wood floor into the material of the wood floor so that a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element, and applying a concrete layer to the upper side of the wood floor, wherein a layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the concrete layer extends approximately to one end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the upper side of the wood floor, or that the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head of the screw.

2. Method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling with the steps: screwing in a screw, wherein the screw is arranged in sections in a screw channel element and wherein a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element, perpendicular to the upper side of the wood ceiling into the material of the wood ceiling and applying a concrete layer to the upper side of the wood ceiling, wherein a layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the concrete layer extends approximately to one end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the upper side of the wood ceiling, or that the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head of the screw.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when the concrete layer extends beyond a screw head of the screw, there is a distance of between 5 mm and 50 mm between an upper side of the screw head and an upper side of the concrete layer.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized by placing a marking part on the screw head of the screw before applying the concrete layer, wherein a layer thickness of the concrete layer is dimensioned such that the marking part extends at least partially beyond the top side of the concrete layer.

5. A method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor comprising the steps of: producing a prefabricated concrete element with at least one screw channel element extending from a top side of the prefabricated concrete element to a bottom side of the prefabricated concrete element, placing the prefabricated concrete element on a wooden floor so that a bottom side of the prefabricated concrete element rests against a top side of the wooden floor and screwing a screw into the screw channel element perpendicular to the top side of the wooden ceiling into the material of the wooden ceiling, so that the screw completely penetrates the screw channel element and a screw channel is formed in the screw channel element.

6. Wood-concrete composite floor with a wood floor, a screw channel element, a screw which extends through the screw channel element and into a material of the wood floor, and a concrete layer which extends from a top side of the wood floor to an end of the screw channel element which is spaced from the top side of the wood floor and which surrounds the screw channel element at least in sections, or which extends from a top side of the wood floor to beyond a screw head of the screw.

7. Wood-concrete composite corner according to claim 6, characterized in that the concrete layer extends between 5 mm and 50 mm beyond the screw head of the screw.

8. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the screw channel element is designed as a wooden rod, wooden tube, wooden dowel, as a paper sleeve, as a cardboard sleeve, wherein the paper sleeve and the cardboard sleeve are coated, in particular with paraffin or another water-repellent material, or uncoated, as a plastic hose, rubber hose, plastic rod or plastic tube, in particular made of biodegradable plastic from renewable raw materials, metal rod or metal tube.

9. Wood-concrete composite floor according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the screw channel element is arranged in sections in a blind hole in the wood ceiling.

0. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the screw channel element extends from a base of a notch in the wood ceiling or that the screw channel element extends from a base of the wood ceiling outside a notch in the wood ceiling or that at least a first screw channel element extends from a base of a notch in the wood ceiling and that at least a second screw channel element extends from a base of the wood ceiling outside the notch.

11. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the screw channel element and the screw are arranged perpendicular to the upper side of the wood ceiling.

12. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the screw channel element is designed as a section-wise coating of a shaft of the screw.

13. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to claim 12, characterized in that the coating has an outer diameter which is greater than or equal to a maximum outer diameter of a thread of the screw.

14. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the screw has a drive formation which is accessible in particular from an upper side of the concrete layer.

15. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that a washer is provided on the screw shaft, the upper side of which rests against the underside of a head of the screw.

16. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the concrete layer extends from an upper side of the wood floor to beyond a screw head of the screw, characterized in that a marking part is arranged on the screw head of the screw, wherein the marking part extends at least in sections beyond the upper side of the concrete layer.

17. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to claim 16, characterized in that the marking part has a fastening section and a connecting lug, wherein the connecting lug extends from a fastening section of the marking part and is designed to be elastically bendable.

18. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the marking part is made of biodegradable material, in particular biodegradable plastic from renewable raw materials, wood, wood-based material, paper, cardboard, in particular coated, or of material decomposable by environmental influences, in particular metal.

19. A screw for a wood-concrete composite floor, characterized in that a shank of the screw is partially surrounded by a screw channel element, the screw channel element extending from an underside of the screw head of the screw or the underside of a washer on the head of the screw to a point on the screw shank spaced from an end of the screw shank opposite the head of the screw.

20. Screw according to claim 19, characterized in that an outer diameter of the screw channel element is greater than or equal to a maximum outer diameter of the thread of the screw.

21. Screw according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that a marking part is provided which is placed on the screw head and which extends between 5 mm and 50 mm beyond the screw head in the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft and from the end of the screw to the screw head.

22. Screw according to claim 21, characterized in that the marking part has a fastening section and a connecting lug, wherein the connecting lug extends from a fastening section of the marking part and is designed to be elastically bendable at least in sections.

23. Screw according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the marking part is made of biodegradable material, in particular biodegradable plastic from renewable raw materials, wood, wood material, or from material decomposable by environmental influences, in particular metal.

24. Marking part for placing on a screw head of a screw, characterized in that the marking part has a fastening section for fastening to the screw head and a connecting lug which extends from the fastening section and is designed to be elastically bendable at least in sections.

5. Marking part according to claim 24, characterized in that the marking part is made of biodegradable material, in particular biodegradable plastic from renewable raw materials, wood, wood material, paper, cardboard, in particular coated, or of material decomposable by environmental influences, in particular metal.

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