Method for producing or repairing a working roll, roll stand, metal strip, and application device for applying particles

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing or repairing a working roll (100) which has a main part (102) and a wear protection layer (104), wherein particles (112) are thermally applied onto the working roll (100). The method is characterized in that during the thermal application of the particles, 50% or more of the particles, preferably 60% or 75% or more, in particular 80% or more of the particles, remain on the main part and / or on an already applied wear protection layer adhered to the main part and / or on the wear protection layer.

Description

[0001] Page 1 / 65 Applicant: SMS group GmbH Our reference: P80845DE May 19, 2023 Method for producing or repairing a work roll, rolling stand, metallic strip and application device for applying particles The invention relates to a method for producing or repairing a work roll comprising a base body and a wear protection layer, in which method a coating material comprising particles is thermally applied to the base body. The invention further relates to a work roll comprising a base body and a wear protection layer for rolling a metallic product. The invention also relates to a rolling stand for processing a metallic product, such as a metallic strip. The invention further relates to a metallic strip.The invention further relates to an application device for applying particles to a base body of a work roll, comprising a burner device and a control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the application device. Generic methods for producing or repairing a work roll are known from the prior art. Page 2 / 65 P80845DE The object of the invention is to provide an improvement or an alternative to the prior art.The object of the invention is achieved according to a first aspect by a method for producing or repairing a work roll having a base body and a wear protection layer, in which method a coating material comprising particles is thermally applied to the work roll, wherein the method is characterized in that during the thermal application of the particles 50% or more of the particles remain adhering to the base body and / or to an already applied wear protection layer, preferably 60% or more, or 75% or more, particularly preferably 80% or more. Because the present method succeeds in ensuring that at least approximately 50% of the particles adhere to the base body or the wear protection layer thereof and are not lost, the present method for producing or repairing a work roll ora wear protection layer for this purpose can be carried out particularly efficiently, and in particular can be carried out in a particularly resource-saving manner. Previous manufacturing processes for work rolls of this type operate with enormous particle losses of around 50% and often more, since these particles often only adhere inadequately when they impact the surface of the work roll and are therefore lost and / or do not reach the surface of the work roll during the coating process but miss the component, in particular due to interaction with the air flow surrounding the surface of the work roll, and in particular due to interaction with local turbulence on the path of the particles from the outlet nozzle Page 3 / 65 P80845DE of the burner device towards the surface of the work roll.A non-adherent particle mixture can hardly be reused due to its complex structure, particularly in combination with processing by a thermal application method, since reuse would require the particle mixture to be separated into pure substances and / or the pure substances to be re-granulated. The previous disadvantages of the prior art can be significantly reduced or even completely avoided with the present invention. In particular, the application efficiency can also be determined by the choice of the application device or its process burner. In the present manufacturing orThe repair process is a thermal application process, more precisely a thermal spraying process for the thermal spraying of particles onto a base body and / or an existing wear-resistant layer of a work roll for rolling a metallic product, such as a metallic strip. First of all, it should be noted that, within the scope of this patent application, indefinite articles and indefinite numerical expressions such as "one...", "two...", etc., are generally to be understood as "at least one...", "at least two...", etc., unless the context or the specific text of a particular passage indicates that only "exactly one...", "exactly two...", etc., are meant.Page 4 / 65 P80845DE It should also be mentioned at this point that, within the scope of this patent application, the expression "in particular" should always be understood to mean that this expression introduces an optional, preferred feature. The expression is not to be understood as "and indeed" or "namely". The particles can be designed in various ways within the meaning of the invention, but preferably as ceramic particles and / or as metallic particles. If appropriate, further particles can also be provided as functional, auxiliary or filler materials or the like. The particles or a particle mixture can provide the starting material for producing the wear-resistant layer in powder form. In this respect, the particles or the particle mixture can be prepared as a powder and accordingly provided or processed in powder form on the application device.According to a first variant of particles provided in powder form, particles can also be provided in a suspension as starting material for producing the wear-resistant layer. A suspension comprises particles dispersed in a liquid phase. The liquid phase can comprise water and / or ethanol and / or isopropanol and / or the like. In particular, liquid phases with a low evaporation enthalpy can be used, in particular with an evaporation enthalpy of less than or equal to 2.5 kJ / g. Furthermore, the suspension can comprise a dispersant, in particular citric acid, HNO3, diammonium citrate, C5H8O2, or the like.Page 5 / 65 P80845DE The suspension is partially evaporated under the influence of the thermal energy of a hot gas stream generated by the burner device. The suspension is generally partially evaporated before the suspension comes into contact with the base body and / or the wear-resistant layer, i.e., in particular, before the thermal application of the particles thus obtained. It is not the particles that evaporate, but rather the liquid phase and / or the dispersant. Therefore, within the scope of this description, particles or the particle mixture can also be provided as a suspension to the burner device. It has been shown that using a suspension can produce a wear-resistant layer with a low roughness value and / or low porosity and / or a particularly high hardness.According to a second variant of particles provided in powder form, particles can also be provided in wire and / or rod form as the starting material for producing the wear protection layer. Corresponding wires (cored wires) or rods (cored rods) for providing the particles can have a jacket and particles enclosed by the jacket. During thermal application of the wear protection layer using a wire or a rod as the starting material for the particles, the starting material can be melted by the hot gas stream provided by the burner device and / or melted during the generation of a plasma between an anode and a cathode. This usually takes place before the particles obtained in this way come into contact with the base body and / or the wear protection layer, i.e. in particular before the thermal application of the particles obtained in this way. In this respect, particles orthe particle mixture can also be provided as a wire and / or as a rod on the burner device within the scope of this description. Suitable particles can be in the form of a hard phase or hard phase particles and / or as a matrix or matrix particles. The term “hard phase” in the sense of the invention describes harder particles which are embedded in the softer matrix on the wear protection layer, wherein the softer matrix is ​​created using matrix particles during thermal spraying. Hard phases suitable for the wear protection layer can in this case be, in particular, oxidic, carbide or boride hard phases, which advantageously have a high hardness. For example, a compound of silicon and carbon can be used which forms silicon carbide (SiC). The term “matrix” accordingly describes a structure on the wear protection layer which carries the hard phase.In this respect, the hard phase is embedded in the matrix. Both the hard phase and the matrix can be provided by corresponding particles in the powdered starting material. The hard phase particles particularly preferably have a proportion of tungsten carbide (WC) of greater than or equal to 50 wt. %, preferably a proportion of greater than or equal to 60 wt. %, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 70 wt. In the context of this application, tungsten carbide (WC) is explicitly understood to mean mono-tungsten carbide (WC). Page 7 / 65 P80845DE By including a weight proportion of tungsten carbide in the wear protection layer, in particular as a component of a hard phase of the wear protection layer, the hardness of the wear protection layer can be advantageously increased, with an increased proportion of mono-tungsten carbide (WC) in the wear protection layer further increasing the hardness of the wear protection layer.The wear protection layer can advantageously have a proportion of tungsten carbide (WC) of greater than or equal to 2 wt.%, preferably a proportion of greater than or equal to 20 wt.% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 25 wt.% or greater than or equal to 30 wt.%. Furthermore advantageously, the wear protection layer can have a proportion of tungsten carbide (WC) of greater than or equal to 40 wt.%, preferably a proportion of greater than or equal to 45 wt.% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 65 wt.% or greater than or equal to 70 wt.% Particularly advantageously, the wear protection layer can have a proportion of tungsten carbide (WC) of greater than or equal to 75 wt.%, preferably a proportion of greater than or equal to 80 wt.% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 85 wt.% or greater than or equal to 87 wt.%.Preferably, the wear protection layer comprises at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr. 23 C6), vanadium carbide (VC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten boride (WB), chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2O3, CrO2 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TiO2) or molybdenum carbide (Mo2C and / or MoC), in particular at least one, two, three, four or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr 23C6) and / or vanadium carbide (VC). Page 8 / 65 P80845DE The matrix particles comprise iron and / or nickel and / or cobalt and / or molybdenum and / or boron and / or tungsten, wherein the composition of the matrix particles also essentially corresponds to the composition of the matrix of a wear protection layer produced with the matrix particles. By using iron as a component of the matrix of the wear protection layer produced using the matrix particles, a comparatively cost-effective matrix of the wear protection layer can advantageously be achieved. This can be particularly advantageous if a work roll wears out its wear protection layer faster than it corrodes. By using nickel as a component of the matrix particles and thus also of the matrix of the wear protection layer, the chemical resistance of the matrix of the wear protection layer can be improved.Depending on the alloy of the wear protection layer, a nickel-containing matrix can be used to make the wear protection layer chemically resistant overall, particularly corrosion-resistant. Cobalt as a component of the matrix particles and thus also of the matrix of the wear protection layer can lead to an increase in the temperature resistance of the wear protection layer. Cobalt can also advantageously increase the hardness of the matrix and thus also of the entire wear protection layer. Molybdenum as a component of the matrix particles and thus also of the matrix of the wear protection layer can improve the chemical resistance and / or the temperature resistance of the wear protection layer, especially of the matrix.Page 9 / 65 P80845DE It can also be advantageous for the temperature resistance of the matrix and thus also of the entire wear protection layer if the matrix contains tungsten, so that tungsten is advantageous as a component of the matrix particles. It has been shown that the adhesive properties of the matrix and thus also of the wear protection layer as such can be improved by boron as a matrix component, so that boron is advantageous as a component of the matrix particles. Furthermore, the matrix particles and thus also the matrix of the wear protection layer can also contain manganese, copper, chromium and / or silicon, whereby the matrix of the wear protection layer can be further optimized with regard to its ductility, hardness, chemical resistance, machinability, friction properties, temperature resistance, adhesive resistance and / or the like.It is therefore advantageous if, during the thermal application of the particles, 50% or less of the particles rebound from the base body and / or from an already applied wear-resistant layer, preferably 40% or less, or 25% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less. This can ensure an advantageous increase in efficiency with regard to the present method. Effective adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can be achieved simply by a particle mixture comprising hard phase particles and matrix particles having a residual moisture content of less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, particularly preferably less than or equal to 2%. Page 10 / 65 P80845DE The term "residual moisture" within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as the amount of moisture, in particular water, which is bound in the present particle mixture.The residual moisture is measured before the particles or particle mixture are added to a hot gas stream of an application device. If the residual moisture is in a range above the values ​​mentioned above, it is advantageous if the residual moisture is reduced to a value of less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 2%, before the particles are added to the hot gas stream. In this respect, it is advantageous if the present method, in particular other method parameters, are manipulated depending on the residual moisture of the particle mixture. For example, an outlet temperature of a hot gas stream which exits from an outlet nozzle of an application device together with the particles can be manipulated depending on the residual moisture, to name just one example.Furthermore, lower residual moisture can lead to a more homogeneous particle mixture, particularly with regard to the distribution of moisture in the particle mixture, whereby an improvement in the adhesion of the particles to the base body and / or the wear-resistant layer can be achieved. In this respect, an advantageous increase in efficiency with regard to the present method can be ensured by means of the residual moisture. Page 11 / 65 P80845DE Advantageous adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can also be achieved or cumulatively improved if the particles have a particle size of greater than or equal to 0.5 µm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm, and / or a particle size of less than or equal to 60 µm, preferably less than or equal to 30 µm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 15 µm.The term "particle size" in the context of the invention refers to the average powder diameter of a powder consisting of particles that provides the starting material for the wear-resistant layer. For example, the smaller the particle size or the average powder diameter, the smaller the exit velocity (particle velocity) of the hot gas stream at the outlet nozzle of the application device can generally be selected. On the other hand, smaller particle sizes can be used to manipulate the exit temperatures at an outlet nozzle of an application device. Application efficiency can also be influenced by this, since it has been found that smaller particles improve the average adhesion or adhesion capacity of the particles to the application roller (with constant heat transfer).In this respect, the degree of particle adhesion to the work roll can be influenced simply by selecting the particle size. In this respect, the powder size can ensure a beneficial increase in efficiency with regard to the present process. Page 12 / 65 P80845DE Further advantageous interactions that certainly result from the particle size can be found in the following table.- - - - z o ß e t r i g u P e o h l m ) t c h ) b i s n c b o H - e ß e s - n k i t r n ( ( g e z ) ) ( i g b e l l V t d h a - - ) ) g i n ) w k n g e n e ä m c ( ( - k u k t µ s e ) r r g k c l g s b ( ) n ) e e ( i i i e - s d V s e g D e d b n e ) e e g - t ( t n s ( ß g d n k h r ) ä n ö - n i n u ( ) l c t e b t o e r k e a n b h i ä v - s i t g ( B n t - a h t n n e t i l ( a ä n z c i e ( b a e e t t t p t ( n s n t g n r k i h i s s i e z e n ) u i b i e c e e n s e z t g e t z m ) u t h i h t e o t t u o m ä t a b e r u h u k g r r i h m e t f l - r a a c a u i o ä p c o l i a e n t P R s R d E P H S s H E n H D ( S 0,5 3 1 8 1 10 10 10 10 7 10 10 1 4 3 6 1 10 10 10 10 8 10 9 5 4 5 4 1 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 10 5 7 4 2 10 9 9 10 10 9 6 15 7 9 2 3 10 7 8 10 10 9 6 25 9 10 2 4 8 6 7 8 10 8 2 30 10 10 1 6 7 5 6 7 9 7 2 60 10 10 1 8 6 5 4 6 8 7 1 Tab.1: Particle size of the powdered particle mixture (µm): Roughness of the wear protection layer, roughness of a product (strip) machined with the work roll, residual stresses in the wear protection layer and / or the base body, porosity, hardness, number of peaks, homogeneity, in particular homogeneity of the distribution of the coating elements within the wear protection layer and homogeneity of the thickness of the wear protection layer, (coating) element distribution, adhesive tensile strength, delamination resistance and scatter width (evaluation in each case between 0 and 10 with the individual Page 13 / 65 P80845DE scales between smallest possible (0) and largest possible (10) (scale designation: kg) as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb).) In order to be able to reliably guarantee such advantageous particle sizes on the application device, it is advantageous if the particles are pre-sieved to a particle size of less than or equal to 60 µm, preferably less than or equal to 30 µm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 15 µm. By means of the proposed particle size, the scattering width of the powdery particle mixture can also be advantageously influenced, in particular reduced. More precisely, with increasing particle size, the scattering width with which the particles impact the work roll can be reduced. It has been shown that with a smaller particle size, a higher (compressive) residual stress level can be achieved in the wear protection layer, which can at least indirectly lead to a beneficial effect with regard to the adhesive tensile strength and / or delamination resistance of the wear protection layer.Furthermore, or depending on the above aspect, a smaller particle size can contribute to a lower porosity of the wear-protection layer, which can further improve the delamination resistance of the wear-protection layer. Undesired contaminants can also be effectively removed in advance if the particles or a particle mixture are pre-screened according to the invention. Page 14 / 65 P80845DE Furthermore, the proposed pre-screening can also achieve greater homogeneity with regard to the powdered particle mixture, which in turn can achieve a correspondingly good homogeneity of the wear-protection layer. Overall, pre-screening can ensure a more stable application process.For example, in order to provide suitable starting materials for producing different wear-resistant coatings for differently used work rolls at the application device, it is advantageous if the particles are pre-screened at an application device, particularly before being added to a hot gas stream of the application device. By pre-screening starting materials or particles for this purpose, the parameters of a particle mixture can be adjusted more precisely using the present method.The adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can also be positively influenced if the particles at or behind an outlet nozzle of an application device have an exit speed of greater than or equal to 500 m / s, preferably greater than or equal to 800 m / s, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 900 m / s, and / or an exit speed of less than or equal to 1500 m / s, preferably less than or equal to 1200 m / s and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1000 m / s. If the exit speed is selected to be lower, particles may bond less closely to one another, to the base body and / or to the wear protection layer already present on the base body upon impact with the work roll, which may, among other things, increase the porosity and / or permeability of the wear protection layer.However, if the exit velocity is selected to be higher, the level of residual compressive stresses in the wear protection layer can be increased, which can advantageously increase the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer. However, the risk of particles rebounding into the environment upon impact with the work roll and becoming lost in the process also increases, which can reduce application efficiency. In other words, this means that by manipulating the exit velocity, the kinetic energy inherent in the particles upon impact with the application roll can also be influenced, which in turn affects the adhesion of particles to the application roll. For example, a higher exit velocity can lead to improved application efficiency of particles to the application roll, because higher kinetic energy generally leads to better adhesion of the particles.The exit velocity, for example, also affects the temperature of the particles, since a higher exit velocity reduces the contact time with the burner flame, which in turn can reduce the particle temperature at the time of impact on the work roll. If the exit velocity is measured at a point or in an area that is 100 mm or less from the exit nozzle, preferably 50 mm or less and particularly preferably 10 mm or less, the exit velocity can be measured particularly reliably and reproducibly. Page 16 / 65 P80845DE For example, this can reduce the risk of the measurement being critically influenced by environmental influences, since falsified measured values ​​can negatively influence the adhesion conditions of particles to the work roll.For example, the adhesion capacity can also be effectively manipulated by adjusting the exit velocity of the hot gas stream depending on the properties of the particles. In this respect, adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can also be achieved simply by choosing a favorable exit velocity, or can be improved cumulatively, as proposed here.Cumulatively or alternatively, the adhesion of particles to the work roll can also be adjusted if the particles are discharged from an outlet nozzle of an application device by means of a hot gas stream, wherein the particles and / or the hot gas stream have an outlet temperature of greater than or equal to 800 °C, preferably greater than or equal to 1000 °C and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1200 °C, and / or the particles and / or the hot gas stream have an outlet temperature of less than or equal to 2200 °C, preferably less than or equal to 2000 °C and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1800 °C. For example, the particles are heated in the hot gas stream and in this way also partially melted or melt-liquefied, wherein the degree of such melt-liquefaction is particularly dependent on their particle size.Page 17 / 65 P80845DE Overall, the adhesion capacity of the particles can also be adjusted in this way. The layer quality of the wear protection layer can also be influenced in this way. The outlet temperature can be adjusted, for example, depending on the residual moisture and / or the particle size. In this respect, it is advantageous if the outlet temperature is adjusted depending on the properties of the particles. For example, it can be advantageous to select a higher outlet temperature with a higher residual moisture content. If the particle size is selected to be smaller, for example, the outlet temperature can also be set lower. Particularly meaningful values ​​can be measured with regard to the outlet temperature if the outlet temperature is measured at a point or in an area that is 100 mm or less away from the outlet nozzle, preferably 50 mm or less and particularly preferably 10 mm or less.Tests have shown that the exit temperature of the particles and / or the hot gas stream can advantageously be measured at a distance of between 5 mm and 15 mm behind the exit nozzle. A further very advantageous process variant can be provided if, during the application of particles to the work roll, an overspray surrounding the work roll comprising at least particles that do not adhere to the base body, Page 18 / 65 P80845DE process gases, combustion products or the like is extracted from the environment of the work roll at an extraction speed of greater than or equal to 10 m / s, preferably greater than or equal to 15 m / s and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 18 m / s, and / or at an extraction speed of less than or equal to 30 m / s, preferably less than or equal to 25 m / s and particularly preferably less than or equal to 20 m / s.Such extraction can also prevent unwanted particle loss. On the one hand, the amount of overspray critically surrounding the work roll can be advantageously reduced if relevant interfering elements are removed from the immediate vicinity of the work roll, particularly after contact with the work roll. Such interfering elements can include, for example, excess particles, process gases, combustion products, or the like, and can lead to quality problems in the wear protection layer due to corresponding contamination or defects if they cannot be adequately removed.On the other hand, by selecting a suction speed within the framework of the suggested values, it is possible to prevent particles that have not yet had contact with the work roll from being adversely deflected from their intended trajectory and thus missing their target on the work roll or even only hitting the work roll in an unfavorable manner. Thus, improved adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can be achieved or cumulatively improved by this alone (page 19 / 65 P80845DE). Furthermore, improved coating quality of the wear protection layer can also be achieved.Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in order to extract overspray, at least one extraction opening of an extraction device is arranged at a distance of greater than or equal to 0.1 m from the work roll, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 m, and / or at a distance of less than or equal to 1.5 m, preferably less than or equal to 1 m and preferably less than or equal to 0.5 m. The distances proposed here enable overspray to be reliably removed from the work roll or from its surroundings. The at least one extraction opening is preferably arranged on a side of the work roll facing away from the discharge nozzle, so that particles which flow past the work roll or bounce off it can be extracted directly from the surroundings of the work roll. Cumulatively or alternatively, other or additional positions for arranging the at least one extraction opening orSeveral extraction openings should be provided. It is expedient if the distance between the work roll and the extraction opening is adjusted depending on the extraction speed. This can avoid or at least significantly reduce the risk of negative air movements or air turbulence in the immediate vicinity of the work roll. Page 20 / 65 P80845DE The extraction speed or the extraction distance can also cause additional cooling effects on the work roll, for example through an air flow generated by the extraction, which can flow along the surface of the work roll, in particular its base body or wear protection layer. In particular, the distance of extraction openings from the work roll can also be positioned depending on the existing extraction power in order to be able to additionally manipulate the temperature during the thermal application of particles.For example, the adhesion of particles can be positively influenced if the suction speed and / or the distance between the base body and the suction opening are adjusted depending on the exit speed of the particles at or behind an outlet nozzle of an application device. This can also influence the coating temperature. Using the suction system described here alone, advantageous adhesion of particles to the work roll can be achieved within the meaning of the invention or can be cumulatively improved, as proposed here. This also allows the process to be operated more efficiently.In addition, it is advantageous if, with regard to a particle mixture comprising hard phase particles and matrix particles, a hard phase proportion of greater than or equal to 50% is set, preferably greater than or equal to 55% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60%, and / or a hard phase proportion of less than or equal to 90%, preferably less than or equal to 85% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 80%. - - - ) ) trrgbaee - - M v ) V nn / nb ( ( ee - ) stnttgan ( hi - hercekpmeeik ( tekdhgr ) ccin ) agl H - E isdegn ) D zng - ) ) bt ä nk % ) ( bt - tlutu ( s - ba - ä n ä hhsni .- R nt ( iizsba ä to ( tngnn ß gptl V ieeneeiusi ä ) ( eetgugzeznshtholotl eorxrucmimihfgrei ä aioeopcaio V r HRDH t HS s HEP 40 1 10 8 10 45 10 6 10 9 7 10 8 8 3 75 7 6 4 7 5 10 7 7 7 7 5 85 85 9 6 6 4 9 6 6 5 90 10 4 4 3 4 9 6 6 5 90 10 4 4 3 6 4 9 6 6 5 90 10 4 4 3 6 4 9 6 6 5 90 6 Tabhältnis 2, Vertphamis. also the Verhältnis von Hartphase zu dem Gesamtschichtsystem including Hartphase and Matrix: Härte, Rauheit R. a, density, homogeneity of the element distribution, homogeneity of the layer thickness distribution, number of peaks, adhesive tensile strength, residual stresses and porosity of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with the individual scales Page 22 / 65 P80845DE between smallest possible (0) and largest possible (10) (scale designation: kg) as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb).) In particular, the hardness of the wear protection layer can be advantageously influenced by such a hard phase proportion. In this respect, it is advantageous if the hard phase proportion in the particle mixture has a value as mentioned above. Further advantageous interactions in this regard can be found in the table below.A further favorable adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention can be achieved or cumulatively improved if the base body is preheated to a base body temperature of greater than or equal to 30 °C, preferably greater than or equal to 50 °C and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60 °C, and / or to a base body temperature of less than or equal to 120 °C, preferably less than or equal to 150 °C and particularly preferably less than or equal to 200 °C, before the particles are applied. In particular, by means of such preheating of the base body, a favorable increase in the layer adhesion with regard to the wear protection layer on the base body of the work roll can be achieved and thus also an improved layer quality. It has been found that an improved layer quality can also be achieved with a more highly heated base body.Page 23 / 65 P80845DE In particular, stress states in the wear protection layer can be favorably influenced by means of a heated base body. Furthermore, preheating the base body can reduce and / or minimize any residual moisture present in the base body, particularly adsorbed water, and / or gases deposited on the base body. The wear protection layer applied using the process described here is already ready for use on the work roll. If necessary, the wear protection layer can also be further processed after the actual application, for example, using abrasive and / or subtractive manufacturing processes.The adhesion capacity of particles can be generally improved within the meaning of the invention, at least in certain regions, if the base body or a wear protection layer already arranged thereon is abrasively and / or subtractively machined before and / or during the application of the particles to the work roll. In particular, this also allows already used work rolls to be easily refurbished or repaired. It is particularly advantageous with regard to repair if a wear protection layer is at least partially and / or regionally removed before and / or during the application of the particles to the work roll. This can significantly improve the adhesion of particles to a used wear protection layer already present on a base body of a used work roll.Page 24 / 65 P80845DE This is especially true when an old wear protection layer already applied to the base body is processed using a subtractive process before the particles are applied to the processed old wear protection layer. Additional processing of the wear protection layer can be achieved if the wear protection layer is post-processed, in particular using an EDT (Electric Discharge Texturization) process. Customer-specific requirements for the wear protection layer of the work roll, in particular for the texturing of the wear protection layer of the work roll, can be easily implemented in conjunction with this post-processing process. Furthermore, this application process can be advantageously further developed if the base body is provided semi-automatically or automatically.By means of such automation, processes can be controlled even more precisely and also carried out in a better coordinated manner, which in particular can have a positive influence on the adhesion of particles to the work roll. In a semi-automated process variant, manual activity by operating personnel may still be required during or after a process step, whereas in a fully automated process variant such manual intervention is not absolutely necessary. Page 25 / 65 P80845DE The wear protection layer to be applied to the application roll according to the invention can be applied to this application roll even more precisely by means of the present application method if the base body is measured automatically and actual values ​​are determined for this purpose, whereby in particular the determined actual values ​​are compared with target values.The proposed measurement can be carried out in connection with the proposed method at different times, in particular before, during and / or after the provision of a base body on the application device. Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one coating parameter is determined automatically as a function of determined actual values. In particular, coating parameters already explained above can be determined at least partially in an automated manner within the meaning of the invention. This can in particular achieve advantageous adhesion of particles to the work roll within the meaning of the invention. A determination of coating parameters can be carried out in connection with the proposed method at different times, in particular before, during and / or after the application of particles to a base body on the application device.As already mentioned above, the adhesion of particles to the work roll can be advantageously influenced according to the invention if the base body is automatically preheated depending on determined actual values, in particular to one of the base body temperatures described above. Page 26 / 65 P80845DE The degree of automation can be advantageously further developed if the wear protection layer applied to the base body is automatically inspected, in particular visually inspected. This allows the quality of manufactured work rolls to be monitored more easily, quickly, and reliably. Determined data on a manufactured work roll can be reliably assigned to the work roll if the manufactured work roll is automatically marked and registered, for example, using a barcode, an RFID chip, or the like.If a reference sample is generated automatically, the quality assurance of the present process can be further improved. Optionally, a newly applied wear-protection layer is processed using a subtractive process, in particular reworked, particularly abrasive and / or by selective laser melting. Preferably, the tips of an applied wear-protection layer are broken at their tips using an abrasive process, in particular grinding, and / or the tips of the wear-protection layer are rounded using selective laser melting.This advantageously results in less material being removed from the wear-resistant layer when the work roll is used, particularly when rolling a metallic product. This increases the service life of the wear-resistant layer (Page 27 / 65 P80845DE) and reduces contamination of the rolled strip by the removed wear-resistant layer. Furthermore, this results in less transfer of the coating of the metallic product to the work roll when rolling a coated product, particularly a galvanized metallic product, with the work roll, thereby increasing the service life of the wear-resistant layer and the quality of the rolled strip.According to a second aspect, the object of the invention is achieved by a work roll having a base body and a wear-resistant layer for rolling a metallic product, in particular for rolling a metallic strip, wherein the work roll is manufactured using a method according to one of the features described here. By means of the roll manufactured according to the invention, a metallic product, in particular its surface, can be mechanically treated to a higher quality. Furthermore, the work roll manufactured or repaired using the present method generally also has a longer service life. According to a third aspect, the object of the invention is also achieved by a rolling stand for processing a metallic product, such as a metallic strip, having a work roll according to one of the features described here.Because the rolling stand is equipped with the present work roll, setup work can be further reduced and setup intervals can be further extended. Page 28 / 65 P80845DE This is due in particular to the fact that the work roll has an increased service life and can therefore be used on the rolling stand for a longer period of time. According to a fourth aspect, the object of the invention is also achieved by a metallic strip, wherein the metallic strip is rolled with the present work roll, in particular is cold rolled. Advantageously, certain features of the wear protection layer can be identified based on the surface appearance achieved on the metallic strip. In particular, the texturing of the wear protection layer of the work roll can be transferred from the surface of the work roll, in particular the surface of the wear protection layer, to the surface of the metallic strip during rolling of a metallic strip.By processing the metallic strip with the present work roll, a very high-quality metallic strip can be produced. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by an application device for applying particles to a base body of a work roll, in particular a thermal application device comprising a burner device, in particular an HVOF burner (high-velocity oxygen fuel burner) and / or an HVAF burner (high-velocity air fuel burner) and / or the like, wherein the application device is configured such that, during the thermal application of the particles to the work roll, 50% or more of the particles remain adhering to the base body and / or to an already applied wear-resistant layer.Page 29 / 65 P80845DE With the present application device, it is possible for at least approximately 50% of the particles to adhere to the base body or the wear protection layer thereof and not be lost. In this respect, the application device operates particularly efficiently both with regard to the production and the repair of a work roll or a wear protection layer therefor. It is particularly advantageous if the application device is designed such that 60% or more of the particles remain adhered to the base body and / or to an already applied wear protection layer and / or to the wear protection layer, preferably 75% or more and particularly preferably 80% or more. This allows the application device to be operated particularly efficiently.In particular, such an application device can significantly improve the application process for particles onto a base body for creating a wear-resistant layer on a work roll or for repairing such a wear-resistant layer. The application device is preferably configured so that, during the thermal application of the particles onto the work roll, 40% or less of the particles rebound from the base body and / or from an already applied wear-resistant layer, preferably 25% or less, and particularly preferably 20% or less. This allows the present application device to operate extremely efficiently. In particular, a particularly resource-efficient process can be achieved in this way.Page 30 / 65 P80845DE The efficiency described here can advantageously be achieved with the present application device if the application device has a detection device for detecting residual moisture in a particle mixture comprising hard phase particles and matrix particles, wherein the detection device has one or more sensor elements. The particles can advantageously be examined for their residual moisture on the application device by means of the detection device of the application device if at least one sensor element thereof is arranged on a provision device for providing the particle mixture. Such a provision device can advantageously be implemented if the provision device comprises a powder conveyor, a powder mixer, or the like.Cumulatively or alternatively, it is advantageous if the application device has a screening device for screening the particles according to their particle size, wherein the screening device has one or more screening elements. For example, different particles can be pre-screened at the application device simultaneously, or even serially, using several screening elements, in particular according to different particle sizes and depending on the particle material. By means of the screening device, particles can thus be pre-screened as needed and provided at the application device. It is understood that suitable screening devices can be designed in different ways and can be provided at the application device. Page 31 / 65 P80845DE The screening device can be implemented on the application device in a structurally simple and compact manner if the screening device orare arranged on a provision device for providing the particles, such as a powder conveyor, a powder mixer or the like. The efficiency of the present application device can also be advantageously achieved or increased by means of the sieving device described here. The application device can furthermore be advantageously designed if the application device has a further detection device for detecting particle sizes, wherein the detection device has one or more sensor elements. The efficiency of the present application device can also be advantageously achieved or additionally increased by means of the further detection device of the application device. The sensor element(s) can also be implemented and placed differently on the application device.An advantageous embodiment provides that at least one sensor element of the further detection device is arranged on a provision device for providing the particles, wherein the provision device can comprise a powder conveyor, a powder mixer, or the like. Furthermore, the efficiency of the application device according to the invention can also be achieved or further increased if the application device has a measuring device for measuring an exit velocity of the particles at an exit nozzle, wherein the measuring device has one or more sensor elements. Page 32 / 65 P80845DE One or more sensor elements are expediently configured to be able to measure the exit velocity at or behind the exit nozzle. For this purpose, one or more sensor elements can be arranged on or behind the exit nozzle.Furthermore, it is expedient if the application device has a further measuring device for measuring the exit temperature of the particles at an exit nozzle, wherein the further measuring device has one or more sensor elements. This also allows the efficiency of the application device within the meaning of the invention to be effectively achieved or further increased. Furthermore, the exit temperature can be reliably measured if one or more sensor elements are configured to measure the exit temperature at or behind the exit nozzle. For this purpose, at least one sensor element can be arranged at or behind the exit nozzle.The efficiency to be achieved within the meaning of the invention can also be achieved if the application device has a suction device for suctioning off overspray, at least particles not adhering to the base body, process gases, combustion products, or the like, from the environment of the base body, wherein the suction device has one or more. Such a suction device can be designed and arranged differently on the application device. Page 33 / 65 P80845DE The suction device can advantageously be adjusted to the particles to be processed in each case if the suction elements can be flexibly positioned relative to the work roller. In this respect, it is expedient if the suction elements or their suction openings are adjustable with regard to their respective position relative to the work roller.In this respect, it is particularly expedient if the suction device has another detection device for detecting the position of one or more suction elements relative to the work roll. Excess overspray can be removed particularly effectively from the area surrounding the work roll if the one or more suction elements are arranged on the side facing away from the application roller on a discharge nozzle of the application device. The advantageous efficiency can be achieved cumulatively or alternatively with the present application device if the application device has a mixing device for mixing the particles with regard to hard phase particles and matrix particles, wherein the mixing device has an additional measuring device for measuring hard phase and / or matrix components, wherein the additional measuring device has one or more sensor elements.The additional measuring device of the application device can advantageously be arranged on the mixing device and / or on a provision device for providing the particles, such as a powder conveyor or the like. Page 34 / 65 P80845DE It is also advantageous if the application device has an abrasive or subtractive processing device, by means of which the base body and / or the wear-resistant layer can be processed, in particular before and / or after application of the wear-resistant layer. The efficiency of the present application device can also be advantageously achieved or increased by equipping the application device with an abrasive and / or subtractive processing device, since this allows the base body or a wear-resistant layer already present thereon to be even better prepared for the application of particles.Furthermore, a new wear-resistant layer applied to the base body can be reworked using the subtractive processing device, in particular the abrasive subtractive processing device and / or the subtractive processing device having a device for selective laser melting. A high degree of automation can be achieved with the present application device, and thus high efficiency can be ensured, if the application device has a feed device for feeding the base body to a processing position, a rotation device for rotating the base body at the processing position, and / or a removal device for removing the work roll from the processing position, wherein the feed device, the rotation device, and the removal device work together in a semi-automated or preferably fully automated manner.It is also advantageous if the application device has a cooling and / or cleaning device, wherein the cooling and / or cleaning device has one or more nozzle elements with nozzle openings. The cooling and / or cleaning effects on the application roller that can be achieved in this way alone can significantly improve the efficiency with regard to adhesion. Advantageously, one or more nozzle elements with their nozzle openings are adjustable with regard to their position relative to the work roller, so that, for example, different cooling effects can be achieved on the work roller, for example depending on the outlet temperature of a hot gas stream carrying the particles. For example, the cooling or cleaning device is equipped with two to four nozzle elements, which can also be positioned differently in the space relative to the work roller by means of a manipulator.It is advantageous if a distance between the work roll and a nozzle element or a nozzle opening thereof is greater than or equal to 2 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10 mm, and / or a distance of less than or equal to 250 mm, preferably less than or equal to 150 mm and particularly preferably less than or equal to 100 mm. Such distances can in particular also be adjusted depending on the properties of the base body of the corresponding work roll, such as the size, the mass or the like. By means of different distances, additional cooling effects with regard to the work roll can also be adjusted, for example Page 36 / 65 P80845DE by means of an air flow that acts more or less strongly on the work roll and can flow along the surface of the work roll, in particular with regard to its base body or wear protection layer.In particular, the distance between nozzle openings and the work roll can be positioned depending on the available cooling capacity in order to further manipulate the temperature during the thermal application of particles. As a rule, distances between 15 mm and 50 mm have proven to be very suitable for the vast majority of applications. Smaller distances have a greater effect on particle deflection, while larger distances generally result in a more pronounced reduction in the cooling effect on the work roll. In this case, a cooling option has proven particularly advantageous for smaller work rolls, as these heat up to critical levels more quickly during a thermal spraying process than larger work rolls. If a work roll can be adequately cooled, the risk of an application process having to be interrupted due to the work roll overheating can be reduced.Overall, more consistent process control can be achieved through effective cooling of the work roll, which in turn leads to a higher-quality build-up of the wear protection layer. Interruptions generally reduce the economic efficiency of this process. Page 37 / 65 P80845DE Various media can be used as cleaning agents and, in particular, as coolants. However, CO2 has proven to be very advantageous, particularly with regard to smaller work rolls. In any case, the cooling and / or cleaning device and the additional process variants thus enabled with regard to cleaning the base body and / or a possibly abrasive pre-treated wear protection layer can advantageously improve the adhesion of particles to the work roll and thus also the efficiency of this process or the application device.The situation is similar with regard to cooling the base body by means of the cooling and / or cleaning device. If the work roll can be cooled in connection with the present method, this can also advantageously improve the adhesion of particles to the work roll and thus also the efficiency of the present method or the present application device. In order to ensure a uniform supply of particles to the application device, it is advantageous if the application device has a supply device for supplying particles, wherein the supply device is configured to convey the particles with a conveying quantity with a conveying tolerance of + / - 2 g per minute.As already mentioned above, it is advantageous if the application device has one or more supply devices, on which different detection and / or measuring devices or the like can also be arranged. Page 38 / 65 P80845DE In order to ensure that a uniform quantity of particles can be made available for thermal application or spraying, in particular at the outlet nozzle of the application device, it is imperative that the particles are also conveyed reliably. In this context, a conveying tolerance of a maximum of + / - 2 g per minute has proven advantageous in order to be able to produce a particularly uniform wear protection layer on the work roll. The conveying tolerance can deviate upwards or downwards depending on the amount of particles to be conveyed.In particular, the supply device can be designed in the form of a correspondingly configured powder conveyor for conveying the powdery particle mixture. It is understood that the individual devices of the application device, such as in particular the detection devices, the measuring devices, the cooling and / or cleaning device and / or the screening device, etc., can be adjusted in particular manually to the respective work roll. However, it is advantageous if related devices can be adjusted automatically, for example based on process parameters, such as data on the base body and / or the wear protection layer. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the supply device, in particular a powder conveyor, is designed to use the heat energy generated at the application device (e.g. HVOF burner or HVAF burner) to heat the particles orto preheat the particle mixture to be conveyed. Page 39 / 65 P80845DE For example, by means of such preheating of the particles, the melting behavior or melt liquefaction of the particles in the hot gas stream can be influenced. At this point, it should also be mentioned that it is advantageous if the thermal energy generated by the application device is also used cumulatively to reduce the residual moisture on the particle mixture. It is likewise advantageous if the thermal energy generated by the application device is also used cumulatively to preheat a base body of the work roll. A preferred embodiment, however, provides that the present application device has a control and / or regulating device, wherein the control and / or regulating device is designed to automatically control or regulate one or more devices of the application device, in particular also depending on one another.By means of such a control and / or regulating device, the operation of one or more devices can be automatically controlled, whereby the adhesion capacity can also be further favorably influenced. In this respect, it is advantageous if the control and / or regulating device operates as a function of, in particular, at least one of the detection devices, at least one of the measuring devices, the cooling and / or cleaning device, the screening device and / or other provision devices, the delivery device, the rotation device and / or the removal device, etc., in particular as a function of data determined therefrom. Page 40 / 65 P80845DE Obviously, the efficiency of the present application device can be advantageously achieved or further increased by means of the appropriately configured control and / or regulating device.It is particularly expedient if the control and / or regulating device is configured so that, during the thermal application of the particles to the work roll, 50% or more of the particles remain adhered to the base body and / or to a previously applied wear-protection layer. It is particularly advantageous if the control and / or regulating device is configured so that 60% or more of the particles remain adhered to the base body and / or to a previously applied wear-protection layer, preferably 75% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more.The application device can operate particularly efficiently if the control and / or regulating device is configured to ensure that, during the thermal application of the particles to the work roll, 40% or less of the particles rebound from the base body and / or from an already applied wear-resistant layer, preferably 25% or less, and particularly preferably 20% or less. In this respect, the control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the application device is particularly advantageous for carrying out a method according to one of the features described here. In particular, the method according to the invention can be carried out particularly efficiently by an application device operating in this manner.Page 41 / 65 P80845DE A further advantageous increase in efficiency with regard to improved adhesion of particles to the work roll can also be achieved by selecting the dimensions (measurements) of the work roll, the mass of the work roll, the base body material, and / or the manufacturing process of the base body. Preferably, the application device has a layer thickness control system configured to measure the thickness of the wear-resistant layer, in particular a real-time layer thickness control system, in particular a continuous layer thickness control system. This allows the application device to be advantageously controlled and / or regulated to achieve a desired layer thickness of the wear-resistant layer. Further advantages, details, and features of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiment explained below.The drawing shows: Figure 1: a schematic view of a possible method sequence for producing or repairing a work roll with regard to a multitude of method options, several of which are optional; and Figure 2: a schematic view of an application device for applying particles to a work roll, by means of which the method or method sequence from Figure 1 can be carried out. Page 42 / 65 P80845DE According to the illustration in Figure 1, a first possible method sequence I of a method for the automated production or repair of a work roll 100 (see Figure 2) for rolling a metallic product (not shown) is shown by way of example. At this point, it should be mentioned that method modifications for this are not shown or described separately again using other illustrations of method sequences.In this respect, the order of individual method steps can be changed or combined with one another. It is also understood that individual method steps can be optional, and that the method sequence shown only as an example can be supplemented by further method steps or modifications thereof not explicitly shown here. The exemplary method shown in the illustration according to Figure 1 begins at a starting point 1 with a first method step 1, which comprises the provision of a base body 102 of the work roll 100. This can be a work roll 100 to be newly manufactured with a still unused base body 102 or a work roll 100 to be repaired with a used base body 2 already provided with a used wear protection layer 104.In any case, the work roll 100 can be automated at the starting point 1, i.e., without manual intervention by operating personnel, at an application device 110 (see Figure 2) for thermally applying or spraying particles 112 onto the surface 104 of the work roll 100. Page 43 / 65 P80845DE With the process sequence presented and explained here, 65% or more of the particles 112 sprayed in the direction of the work roll 100 will adhere to the work roll 100, whereby the process can be operated extremely efficiently. After the base body 102 has been prepared or delivered to a processing position 116 of the application device 110, the base body 102 is cleaned according to a process step 2. According to a method step 3, the base body 102 is measured in order to determine actual values ​​of the base body 102 and of any old wear protection layer 104 that may already be present thereon.According to a method step 4, determined actual values ​​can be automatically compared with target values. According to a method step 5, processing and coating parameters can then be automatically determined depending on the determined actual values. According to a method step 6, the base body 102 can be automatically preheated, if necessary, for example to 110 °C. If the work roll 100 is to be repaired, the existing old wear protection layer 104 can first be treated, in particular automatically with abrasives, in an intermediate method step 6A, in order to, for example, automatically remove a partial layer, so that the old wear protection layer 104 is automatically uniformed and processed as a whole, or, if necessary, is automatically removed completely from the base body 102.Page 44 / 65 P80845DE The correspondingly processed base body 102 can then be preheated, if necessary, according to method step 6. According to method step 7, a residual moisture content is automatically measured and, if necessary, automatically reduced to a value of 7%. According to method step 8, the particles 112 can already be automatically preheated at this point. According to method step 9, the particles 112 are automatically pre-screened so that different particles have a particle size between 10 µm and 25 µm. According to method step 10, the particles 112 are automatically mixed to form a desired particle mixture 112A, in particular consisting of hard phase particles and matrix particles, wherein the hard phase proportion is 65%. According to method step 11, the particle mixture 112A is automatically preheated to a usage temperature, which can be set, for example, to approximately 60°C.According to a method step 12, the particles 112 are automatically thermally applied or sprayed as a particle mixture 112A onto the work roller 100 rotating in the processing position 116, for example, with an adhesion capacity of over 65%. According to a method step 13, the exit velocity of the particle mixture 112A, which exits in a hot gas stream 120 from an outlet nozzle 122 of the application device 110, is automatically measured and, if necessary, automatically adjusted, for example to approximately 1050 m / s. Page 45 / 65 P80845DE According to a method step 14, the exit temperature of the particle mixture 112A is automatically measured and, if necessary, automatically adjusted, for example to approximately 900 °C. According to a method step 15, an overspray 126 is automatically sucked away from the surroundings 130 of the work roll 100, preferably at a suction speed of 22 m / s.According to a method step 16, the work roll 100 is automatically cooled. According to a method step 17, the wear protection layer 104 is automatically reworked, for example, using an EDT process. According to a method step 18, the wear protection layer 104 is automatically inspected, for example, visually. According to a method step 19, the manufactured work roll 100 is automatically marked and registered. According to a method step 20, a retain sample is automatically generated. According to a method step 21, the manufactured work roll 100 is automatically removed from the processing position and made available for further use. In this respect, the method sequence explained by way of example at starting point 1 ends with method step 21, which represents the end point 21 of the method sequence.Page 46 / 65 P80845DE The process sequence can now begin again at starting point 1, whereby the process sequence can be carried out in the same or a modified manner. As already mentioned above, individual process steps can be combined in almost any way, performed multiple times or optionally, or omitted. According to the illustration in Figure 2, a first possible embodiment of an application device 110 for applying particles 112 as a particle mixture 112A to the surface 102A of the base body 102 of the work roll 100 is shown. The application device 110 has a machine direction 132, in the direction of which the particle mixture 112A is applied to the work roll 100. The application device 110 has a processing position 116, at which the work roller 100 for the thermal application of the particles 112 is arranged with a rotation device 136 rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 136A.According to the illustration in Figure 2, a rotation direction 136B is shown. The application device 110 has a feed device 138 (shown only schematically) with a feed position 138A, from which the base body 102 of the designated work roll 100 is fed into the processing position 116 with a feed direction 138B. The application device 110 further has a removal device 140 (shown only schematically) with a removal position 140A, into which the manufactured work roll 100 is removed from the processing position 116 with a removal direction 140B. In this exemplary embodiment, the application device 110 also comprises an abrasive and / or subtractive processing device 144 (shown only schematically), by means of which the base body 102 and / or the wear protection layer 104 can be processed as required.To generate the hot gas stream 120, the application device 110 has a burner device 146, wherein the particles 112 are carried out of the outlet nozzle 122 of the application device 110 in the machine direction 132 by means of the hot gas stream 120. The burner device 146 can be designed in various ways, for example, as an HVOF burner. To ensure that the particles 112 or the powdered particle mixture 112A can be reliably fed to the burner device 146 and sufficiently provided there, the application device 110 has a provision device 150. The supply device 150 is positioned in an operative relationship to the burner device 146, in particular above the burner device 146, and in particular has a powder conveying device 150A for conveying the particles 112 or the particle mixture 112A, a mixing device 150B for mixing the particles 112 orof the particle mixture 112A and a sieving device 150C for sieving the particles 112 or the particle mixture 112A. In order to be able to set the most optimal residual moisture possible with regard to the particles 112 or the powdered particle mixture 112A, and specifically before the particles 112 are fed to the burner device 146 or the outlet nozzle 122 thereof, the application device 110 has a first detection device 152, the sensor elements (not shown here) of which can detect the residual moisture with regard to the particles 112 or the powdered particle mixture 112A. The sensor elements are provided on the supply device 150. Increased residual moisture can be reduced as needed by means of the heat energy generated by the burner device 146.In particular, functions of the application device 110 can be manipulated within the meaning of the invention using determined residual moisture values. So that the particle size of the particles 112 or of the powdered particle mixture 112A can be determined at the application device 110, the application device 110 has a further detection device 154 whose sensor elements (not shown here) can detect the particle size with regard to the particles 112 or of the powdered particle mixture 112A. In particular, functions of the application device 110 can be manipulated within the meaning of the invention using determined particle size values. In order to also be able to measure an exit velocity of the particles 112 at the exit nozzle 122, the application device 110 also has a measuring device 156 for measuring an exit velocity.Page 49 / 65 P80845DE For this purpose, the measuring device 156 has one or more sensor elements (not shown) by means of which the exit velocity in a region 158 at or behind the exit nozzle 122 can be measured. In particular, functions of the application device 110 can also be manipulated within the meaning of the invention using determined exit velocity values. In order to also be able to measure an exit temperature of the particles 112 or the hot gas stream 120 at the exit nozzle 122, the application device 110 has a further measuring device 160 for measuring an exit temperature. The further measuring device 160 also has one or more sensor elements (not shown) by means of which the exit temperature in a region 158 at or behind the exit nozzle 122 can be measured.In particular, functions of the application device 110 can also be manipulated within the meaning of the invention by means of determined outlet temperature values. In addition, the application device 110 also has a suction device 162 comprising one or preferably several suction elements (not explicitly shown here) with suction openings (not explicitly shown here), by means of which an overspray 126 can be suctioned out of the surroundings 130 of the work roller 100 or, in particular, out of the processing position 116. The suction device 162 or suction elements thereof are adjustable in their position relative to the work roller 100 and, thus, also relative to a rotation axis 136A. Page 50 / 65 P80845DE For this purpose, the application device 110 or the suction device 162 has another detection device 164 by means of which this position can be detected.Overspray 126 can be kept away from the work roller 100 in a particularly advantageous manner if the suction device 162 or suction elements thereof are arranged on a side 166 facing away from the outlet nozzle 122. In addition, functions of the application device 110 can be additionally manipulated in accordance with the invention by means of determined position values. Cumulatively, functions of the application device 110 can be expediently manipulated if the application device 110 or the mixing device 150B already described above has an additional measuring device 168 for measuring hard phase and / or matrix components. The additional measuring device 168 has one or more sensor elements (not explicitly shown) for this purpose, which are preferably arranged on the provision device 150. Furthermore, the application device 110 also has a cooling and / or cleaning device 170, by means of which the work roller 100 orthe base body 102 or the wear-resistant layer 104 can be cooled or cleaned as needed. For this purpose, the cooling and / or cleaning device 170 has nozzle elements (not shown in detail) with nozzle openings, which are adjustable with regard to their position relative to the work roll 100. Page 51 / 65 P80845DE The respective position can be determined using an observation device 172. In particular, functions of the application device 110 can be favorably manipulated according to the invention using determined position values. So that the individual functions of the application device 110 can be evaluated and controlled or regulated in a better coordinated manner, the application device 110 also has a higher-level control and / or regulating device 174. At this point, it should also be mentioned that all electrical, data-related, or other connecting lines, as well as interfaces, etc., are not explicitly shown for the sake of clarity. In any case, the application device 110 shown and explained here ensures that 65% or more of the particles 112 sprayed in the direction of the work roll 100 adhere to the work roll 100, whereby the application device 110 and the process carried out therewith can be operated extremely efficiently.

[0002] Page 52 / 65 P80845DE List of Reference Symbols I Process Sequence 1 Starting point or first process step (preparing) 2 a second process step (cleaning) 3 a third process step (measuring) 4 a fourth process step (comparing values) 5 a fifth process step (determining processing parameters) 6 a sixth process step (preheating the base body) 6A an alternative sixth process step (abrasive treatment) 7 a seventh process step (reducing residual moisture) 8 an eighth process step (preheating particles) 9 a ninth process step (pre-sieving) 10 a tenth process step (mixing) 11 an eleventh process step (preheating the particle mixture) 12 a twelfth process step (thermal application) 13 a thirteenth process step (determining the exit velocity) 14 a fourteenth process step (determining the exit temperature) 15 a fifteenth process step (overspray extraction) 16 a sixteenthProcess step (cooling work roll) 17 a seventeenth process step (reworking) 18 an eighteenth process step (rechecking) 19 a nineteenth process step (registration) 20 a twentieth process step (retain sample) 21 a twenty-first process step (removal) 100 Work roll 102 Base body (new or used) 102A Surface 104 Wear protection layer 110 Application device 112 Particles Page 53 / 65 P80845EN 112A Particle mixture 116 Processing position 120 Hot gas flow 122 Outlet nozzle 126 Overspray 130 Surroundings 132 Machine direction 136 Rotation device 136A Rotation axis 136B Rotation direction 138 Feed device 138A Feed position 138B Feed direction 140 Removal device 140A Removal position 140B Removal device 144 Processing device 146 Burner device 150 Provision device 150A Powder conveying device 150B Mixing device 150C Sieving device 152 Detection device 154 furtherDetection device 156 First measuring device 158 Area 160 Further measuring device 162 Extraction device 164 Other detection device 166 Opposite side 168 Additional measuring device 170 Cooling and / or cleaning device 172 Observation device 174 Control and / or regulating device

Claims

Page 54 / 65 P80845DE Patent claims 1. A method for producing or repairing a work roll (100) having a base body (102) and a wear protection layer (104), in which method particles (112) are thermally applied to the work roll (100), characterized in that during the thermal application of the particles (112), 50% or more of the particles (112) remain adhering to the base body (102) and / or to an already applied wear protection layer (104), preferably 60% or more, or 75% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. 2.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the thermal application of the particles (112), 50% or less of the particles (112) rebound from the base body (102) and / or from an already applied wear-resistant layer (104), preferably 40% or less, or 25% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a particle mixture (112A) comprising hard phase particles (112) and matrix particles (112) has a residual moisture content of less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, particularly preferably less than or equal to 2%.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the particles (112) have a particle size of greater than or equal to 0.5 µm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm, and / or a particle size of less than or equal to 60 µm, preferably less than or equal to 30 µm and particularly preferably less than or equal to 15 µm. 5.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the particles (112) are reduced to a particle size of. Page 55 / 65 P80845DE are pre-screened to a particle size of less than or equal to 60 µm, preferably less than or equal to 30 µm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 15 µm.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the particles (112) are pre-screened on an application device (110), in particular before being added to a hot gas stream (120) of the application device (110).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the particles (112) at or behind an outlet nozzle (122) of an application device (110) have an exit speed of greater than or equal to 500 m / s, preferably greater than or equal to 800 m / s, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 900 m / s, and / or an exit speed of less than or equal to 1500 m / s, preferably less than or equal to 1200 m / s and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1000 m / s. Accordingly, I must also mention 8.Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the exit velocity is measured at a location or at a region (158) which is arranged at a distance of 100 mm or less from the exit nozzle (122), preferably 50 mm or less and particularly preferably 10 mm or less.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the particles (112) are discharged from an outlet nozzle (122) of an application device (110) by means of a hot gas stream (120), wherein the particles (112) and / or the hot gas stream (120) have an outlet temperature of greater than or equal to 800 °C, preferably greater than or equal to 1000 °C and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1200 °C, and / or the particles (112) and / or the hot gas stream (120) have an outlet temperature of less than or equal to 2200 °C, preferably less than or equal to 2000 °C and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1800 °C. Page 56 / 65 P80845DE 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the outlet temperature is adjusted depending on the properties of the particles (112).

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the outlet temperature is measured at a location or at a region (158) that is arranged at a distance of 100 mm or less from the outlet nozzle (122), preferably 50 mm or less, and particularly preferably 10 mm or less. 12.Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that during the application of particles (112) to the work roll (100), an overspray (126) surrounding the work roll (100) comprising at least particles (112) not adhering to the base body (102), process gases, combustion products or the like is extracted from the environment (130) of the work roll (100) at an extraction speed of greater than or equal to 10 m / s, preferably greater than or equal to 15 m / s and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 18 m / s, and / or at an extraction speed of less than or equal to 30 m / s, preferably less than or equal to 25 m / s and particularly preferably less than or equal to 20 m / s. 13.Method according to claim 12, characterized in that for the extraction of overspray (126) at least one extraction opening of a extraction device (162) is arranged relative to the work roller (100) at a distance of greater than or equal to 0.1 m, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 m, and / or at a distance of less than or equal to 1.5 m, preferably less than or equal to 1 m and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.5 m.

14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the distance between the work roller (100) and the extraction opening is adjusted as a function of the extraction speed. Page 57 / 65 P80845DE 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the suction speed and / or the distance between the base body (102) and the suction opening are adjusted as a function of an exit speed of the particles (112) at or behind an exit nozzle (122) of an application device (110).

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, with respect to a particle mixture (112A) comprising hard phase particles (112) and matrix particles (112), a hard phase proportion of greater than or equal to 50% is adjusted, preferably greater than or equal to 55% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60%, and / or a hard phase proportion of less than or equal to 90%, preferably less than or equal to 85% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 80%. 17.Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the base body (102) is preheated to a base body temperature of greater than or equal to 30°C, preferably greater than or equal to 50°C and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60°C, and / or to a base body temperature of less than or equal to 120°C, preferably less than or equal to 150°C and particularly preferably less than or equal to 200°C, before the application of the particles (112).

18. Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that before the application and / or during the application of the particles (112) to the work roll (100), the base body (102) or a wear protection layer (104) already arranged thereon is abrasively and / or subtractively machined. 19.Method according to claim 18, characterized in that before the application and / or during the application of the particles (112) to the work roll (100), a wear protection layer (104) is removed at least partially and / or in regions. Page 58 / 65 P80845DE 20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that an old wear-protection layer (104) already arranged on the base body (102) is processed using a subtractive working method before the particles (112) are applied to the processed old wear-protection layer (104).

21. The method according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the wear-protection layer (104) is post-processed, in particular by means of an EDT (Electric Discharge Texturization) method.

22. The method according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the base body (102) is provided semi-automatically or automatically, in particular on an application device (110) according to one of claims 32 to 48. 23.Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the base body (102) is measured automatically and actual values ​​for this are determined, wherein in particular the determined actual value is compared with target values.

24. Method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that at least one coating parameter is determined automatically as a function of the determined actual values.

25. Method according to claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the base body (102) is automatically preheated as a function of the determined actual values, in particular to a base body temperature according to claim 17.

26. Method according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the wear protection layer (104) applied to the base body (102) is automatically checked, in particular visually checked. Page 59 / 65 P80845DE 27. Method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the manufactured work roll (100) is automatically marked and registered, for example by means of a barcode, an RFID chip or the like.

28. Method according to one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that a reference sample is automatically generated.

29. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a new wear protection layer (104) applied to the base body (102) is machined using a subtractive method, in particular abrasively and / or by means of selective laser melting.

30. A work roll (100) comprising a base body (102) and a wear-resistant layer (104) for rolling a metallic material, in particular for rolling a metallic strip, characterized in that the work roll (100) is manufactured using a method according to one of the preceding claims. 31.Roll stand for processing a metallic material, such as a metallic strip, comprising a work roll (100) according to claim 30.

32. Metallic strip, wherein the metallic strip is rolled, in particular cold-rolled, with a work roll (100) according to claim 30.

33. Application device (110) for applying particles (112) to a base body (102) of a work roll (100), in particular a thermal application device (110), comprising a burner device (146), in particular an HVOF burner (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Burner) and / or an HVAF burner (High Velocity Air Fuel Burner), in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized. Page 60 / 65 P80845DE characterized in that the application device (110) is designed so that during the thermal application of the particles (112) to the work roll (100), 50% or more of the particles (112) remain adhering to the base body (102) and / or to an already applied wear protection layer (104) on the base body (102) and / or to the wear protection layer (104).

34. Application device (110) according to claim 33, characterized in that the application device (110) is configured such that 60% or more of the particles (112) remain adhering to the base body (102) and / or to an already applied wear-resistant layer (104), preferably 75% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. 35.Application device (110) according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the application device (110) is designed so that during the thermal application of the particles (112) to the work roll (100), 40% or less of the particles (112) bounce off the base body (102) and / or off an already applied wear protection layer (104), preferably 25% or less and particularly preferably 20% or less.

36. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that the application device (110) has a detection device (152) for detecting residual moisture of a particle mixture (112A) comprising hard phase particles (112) and matrix particles (112), wherein the detection device (152) has one or more sensor elements, which are arranged in particular on a provision device (150) for providing the particle mixture (112A). 37.Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 36, characterized in that the application device (110). Page 61 / 65 P80845DE a screening device (150C) for screening the particles (112) with regard to their particle size, wherein the screening device (150C) has one or more screening elements, which are arranged in particular on a provision device (150) for providing the particles (112).

38. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that the application device (110) has a further detection device (154) for detecting particle sizes, wherein the further detection device (154) has one or more sensor elements, which are arranged in particular on a provision device (150) for providing the particles (112). 39.Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 38, characterized in that the application device (110) has a measuring device (156) for measuring an exit velocity of the particles (112) at an exit nozzle (122), wherein the measuring device (156) has one or more sensor elements by means of which the exit velocity at or behind the exit nozzle (122) can be measured.

40. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 39, characterized in that the application device (110) has a further measuring device (160) for measuring an exit temperature of the particles (112) at an exit nozzle (122), wherein the further measuring device (160) has one or more sensor elements by means of which the exit temperature at or behind the exit nozzle (122) can be measured. 41.Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 40, characterized in that the application device (110) has a suction device (162) for suctioning off overspray (126) comprising at least particles (112) not adhering to the base body (102), process gases, combustion products or the like from the environment (130) of the base body (102). Page 62 / 65 P80845DE wherein the suction device (162) has one or more suction elements with suction openings, which are adjustable, in particular with regard to their position relative to the work roll (100).

42. Application device (110) according to claim 41, characterized in that the suction device (162) has another detection device (164) for detecting positions of one or more suction elements relative to the work roll (100).

43. Application device (110) according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the one or more suction elements are arranged on a side (166) facing away from the application roll (100) at an outlet nozzle (122) of the application device (110). 44.Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 43, characterized in that the application device (110) has a mixing device (150B) for mixing the particles (112) with regard to hard phase particles (112) and matrix particles (112), wherein the mixing device (150B) has an additional measuring device (168) for measuring hard phase and / or matrix components, wherein the additional measuring device (168) has one or more sensor elements which are arranged in particular on the mixing device (150B) and / or on a provision device (150) for providing the particles (112), such as a powder conveyor (150A) or the like.

45. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 44, characterized in that the application device (110) has an abrasive or subtractive processing device (144) by means of which the base body (102) and / or the wear-resistant layer (104) can be processed.Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 45, characterized in that the application device (110). Page 63 / 65 P80845DE a feed device (138) for feeding the base body (102) to a processing position (116), a rotation device (136) for rotating the base body (102) at the processing position (116) and / or a removal device (140) for removing the work roll (100) from the processing position (116), wherein the feed device (138), the rotation device (136) and the removal device (140) work together in a semi-automatic or preferably fully automated manner.

47. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 46, characterized in that the application device (110) has a cooling and / or cleaning device (170), wherein the cooling and / or cleaning device (170) has one or more nozzle elements with nozzle openings, which are adjustable, in particular with regard to their position relative to the work roll (100).Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 47, characterized in that the application device (110) has a supply device (150) for supplying particles (112), wherein the supply device (150) is designed to convey the particles (112) with respect to a conveying quantity with a conveying tolerance of + / - 2 g / min.

49. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 48, characterized by a control and / or regulating device, wherein the control and / or regulating device is configured to automatically control or regulate one or more of the devices (136, 138, 140, 144, 146, 150, 150A, 150B, 150C, 152, 154, 156, 160, 162, 164, 168, 170, 172, 174) of the application device (110), in particular also depending on one another.

50. Application device (110) according to one of claims 33 to 49, characterized in that the application device has a. Page 64 / 65 P80845DE layer thickness control which is set up to measure a layer thickness of the wear protection layer (104), in particular a real-time layer thickness control, in particular a permanent layer thickness control.

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