Multi-layered waterproofing of buildings

Abstract

The subject of the technical solution is a multilayer waterproofing of buildings, which consists of a bentonite membrane made of two interwoven polypropylene geotextiles, between which a layer of natural sodium bentonite is placed, as a waterproofing element of the underground floor of the building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technical solution concerns the underground insulation of the foundation structure of the residential building.Background Art

[0002] Currently, in construction practice, the underground floors of buildings are normally designed as a so-called "white bathtub," which is made of waterproof (water-permeable) concrete. However, despite its high strength and its watertightness, the concrete slab itself is subject to minor defects and waterlogging of the concrete slab, which is subsequently visible in the interior of the structure.

[0003] For these reasons, a waterproofing layer is applied to the external planes of the envelope (base slab and walls) to help or strengthen the watertightness of the concrete building structure.

[0004] One of the oldest solutions in practice is asphalt waterproofing strips. The disadvantages of asphalt waterproofing strips are the need to be melted during application, and therefore labour intensive to implement, and their defect potential at temperatures below 0 °C, when flexural cracks in the covering material can and often do occur. A critical point is the interface of the asphalt waterproofing strips between the horizontal and vertical surfaces.

[0005] Another solution used in practice is PVC waterproofing membrane, which has similar waterproofing properties to asphalt waterproofing membrane. PVC waterproofing membranes are made in a similar way to asphalt waterproofing membranes by high temperature treatment, in this case by welding with a hot-air welding machine.

[0006] However, in addition to a similarly labour-intensive implementation, PVC waterproofing membranes are equally susceptible to defects. In addition, due to the greater fineness of the PVC material compared to asphalt, PVC waterproofing membranes are more susceptible to damage during their actual implementation, when they tend to tear or crack before they are glued to the vertical structures.Description

[0007] The technical solution is a multi-layer waterproofing of the building, which forms the lowest underground floor of the building and which consists in the interconnected use of waterproofing concrete, bentonite waterproofing membrane, penetrating waterproofing coating and base concrete on a gravel bed.

[0008] Multi-layer building waterproofing is a self-sealing composite that transforms into a gel with excellent waterproofing properties when in contact with water or ground moisture. Rising and falling water column levels do not affect the waterproofing properties.

[0009] In order to seal the entire underground part of the building to the multi-layer waterproofing, the bentonite membrane is also applied (suspended) to the vertical structures of the building placed in the excavation pit (walls of the underground floor) and backfilled with gravel in combination with soil from the foundation pit, thus ensuring the adhesion of the bentonite membrane to the walls and complete sealing of the multi-layer waterproofing around the perimeter of the entire underground part of the building after the completion of the basement of the building.

[0010] There is no need for a large workforce to implement the technical solution, as it is a simple application according to precisely defined steps, which also means a fast process without the need for special construction equipment.Drawings description Drawing No. 1:

[0011] Graphical representation of multi-layer waterproofing of buildings with legend. Legend: 1. Profile of the excavated construction pit. 2. Laying of bentonite waterproofing on the hardened bed or sub-base concrete (simple laying or spreading of strips in rolls). 3. Composition of the structure (top to bottom): Water-containing concrete, surface smoothed by machine, backfill thickness according to the structural design, bentonite membrane 6 mm, penetrating coating, base concrete 100 mm, gravel bed, natural terrain. 4. After completion of the basement construction, strips of bentonite insulation are hung on the vertical perimeter structures. 5. Backfilling of excavations to ensure that the insulation is adhered to the walls, which will also prevent groundwater from penetrating the concrete. Drawing No. 2:

[0012] Cross-section of the structure with a detailed technical illustration of the multi-layer waterproofing of the structures, together with indications of the placement of bentonite insulation on the hardened bed or sub-base concrete.Example

[0013] The most suitable implementation of the multi-layer waterproofing of buildings according to the technical solution and its essence is explained by the example of the implementation shown in Figure 1.

[0014] The individual layers of the multi-layer waterproofing of the building are laid as follows (from the lowest to the uppermost): (a) natural terrain (b) gravel bed (c) base concrete (d) penetrating coating (e) bentonite membrane (f) waterproofing concrete

[0015] The base of the multi-layer waterproofing of buildings consists of a gravel bed of graded stones fr.16-32mm compacted to Edef,2 = 40MPa, which is used to fill the natural terrain in the foundation pit to strengthen the soil. The thickness of the gravel bed is always determined individually on the basis of a structural calculation of the building.

[0016] On top of the gravel bed, STN EN 206-1 concrete of strength class C12 / 15 of 100 mm thickness shall be laid to level the base of the structure. The next layer is a penetrating coating based on a two-component epoxy resin solution to consolidate and harden the surface of the sub-base concrete and to make it more uniform in terms of cohesion and adhesion.

[0017] The base concrete with the primer layer shall be lined with a 6 mm thick bentonite waterproofing membrane consisting of two interwoven polypropylene geotextiles with a layer of natural sodium bentonite placed between them. The geotextile is non-woven on the upper side and woven on the lower side.

[0018] The laid bentonite waterproofing membrane is poured with waterproofing concrete STN EN 206-1 of strength class C20 / 25 in thickness according to the structural design, the surface of which is machine smoothed into a smooth dust-free form.Industrial applications

[0019] The industrial application of provided technical solution in construction of residential buildings is described within the description above.

Claims

1. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings characterized by consisting of layers deposited from bottom to top in a composition of (a) natural ground, (b) gravel bed, (c) base concrete, (d) penetrating coating, (e) bentonite membrane, and (f) waterproofing concrete.

2. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the lowest layer and also the fifth layer from above comprises a gravel bed of a mixture of graded stones fr.16-32mm compacted to Edef,2 = 40MPa in a thickness determined according to the structural design of the structure.

3. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer from below and the fourth layer from above comprises a layer of STN EN 206-1 base concrete of strength class C12 / 15 in a thickness of 100 mm.

4. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle layer is a layer of a primer based on a two-component epoxy resin solution.

5. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the fourth layer from below and the second layer from above comprises a bentonite membrane layer of 6 mm thickness made of two interwoven polypropylene geotextiles, between which a layer of natural sodium bentonite is placed.

6. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth layer from below and also the uppermost layer comprises a layer of STN EN 206-1 waterproofing concrete of strength class C20 / 25 in a thickness according to the structural design with a machine smoothed surface to a smooth dust-free form.

7. Multi-layer waterproofing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that after completion of the basement of the structure, a bentonite membrane is stretched around the perimeter of the vertical structures (walls) of the underground part of the structure and backfilled with gravel in combination with soil from the foundation pit.

Images