Method for renovating or creating a log in a building

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for renovating or creating a loggia in a building, preferably within the framework of a method for the energy-efficient renovation of buildings, which includes at least one existing loggia.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for renovating or creating a loggia in a building, preferably within the framework of a method for the energy-efficient renovation of buildings, which includes at least one existing loggia.

[0002] A method for serial energy-efficient building renovation is disclosed, for example, in EP 4 368 792 A2. According to this method, the outer wall of an existing building is covered, at least in sections, with thermally insulating facade elements, wherein the facade elements are placed in front of the outer wall and mounted on brackets that are anchored in the outer wall.

[0003] As part of such or other energy-efficient building renovations, it is necessary to eliminate or at least reduce existing thermal bridges so that they do not lead to a significantly higher heating demand than a well-insulated reference building would have. In this way, appropriate energy standards can be met. Problems can arise in this context if the building undergoing energy-efficient renovation has loggias. A loggia is defined as a partially roofed space within a building that does not project or only projects slightly, is open to the outside.

[0004] Loggias are typically found in multi-family buildings, which, due to their size and high heating requirements using fossil fuels, are particularly well-suited for renovation with prefabricated elements. The sections of the loggia that project from the heated part of the building, such as the ceiling slab or side walls, create thermal bridges because these massive components are structurally designed as a single unit without thermal breaks. Currently, such buildings with loggias cannot be fully renovated using prefabricated elements; instead, extensive manual work in the loggia area always requires significant on-site intervention, such as the demolition of the projecting ceiling slabs. Loggia renovation without major demolition work necessitates either the construction of conservatories with closed exterior walls, resulting in the loss of the partially covered outdoor space, or a conventional, manual renovation.

[0005] The energy-efficient renovation of loggias is typically carried out using a conventional approach by thermally decoupling thermal bridges from the existing structure and manually cladding the interior surfaces of the loggia with conventional, small-scale insulation elements. This thermal separation is achieved, for example, by cutting with a concrete saw or demolition with a hammer drill, followed by the installation of insulation elements, such as by gluing insulation boards or fixing them with plate anchors, and then applying a layer of plaster. This method is known as an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) and is relatively time-consuming, primarily because it is not mass-produced but rather installed manually on-site.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a method for loggia renovation that eliminates or significantly reduces existing thermal bridges, overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages, and enables rapid renovation of loggias. In addition to insulation, the method should also achieve effective waterproofing and stable anchoring of the loggia to the existing building.

[0007] Against this background, the invention relates to a method for renovating or creating a loggia in a building, comprising the following steps: measuring a recess in the building into which the loggia is to be created, or which is formed by an existing loggia to be renovated; prefabrication of a loggia element individually adapted to the dimensions at a production facility located away from the building, wherein the loggia element comprises several parts that are optionally partially or completely assembled at the production facility; transport of the optionally partially or completely assembled loggia element from the production facility to the building; insertion of the loggia element into the recess in the building; and securing the inserted loggia element in the recess.

[0008] The components of the prefabricated loggia element preferably comprise a panel-shaped rear wall, which, in the case of window and / or door openings on the rear wall of the recess, is provided with recesses corresponding in size and shape; panel-shaped side walls, which, in the case of window and / or door openings on the side walls of the recess, are provided with recesses corresponding in size and shape; panel-shaped ceiling and floor elements; and, optionally, one or more parapet elements.

[0009] A prefabricated loggia element consists of several parts that are prepared at the production site and then transported. These parts can either be fully assembled beforehand or only joined together after transport.

[0010] It is also possible that some parts are assembled at the production facility and others on site. Inserting the component into the recess therefore does not necessarily mean inserting a fully assembled element; parts or subassemblies can also be inserted and joined sequentially. Preferably, however, this is done with larger subassemblies rather than individual parts.

[0011] Preferably, the method according to the invention is used as a method for the energy-efficient renovation of a loggia in an existing building, and the recess is formed by an existing loggia to be renovated. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for cladding in a method for serial energy-efficient building renovation, wherein the outer wall of an existing building is covered at least partially with thermally insulating facade elements, the facade elements being placed in front of the outer wall and mounted on brackets that are anchored in the outer wall.

[0012] In this case, it is typically planned that the existing loggia will be dismantled before the prefabricated loggia element is installed, preferably even before the recess is measured. This involves removing any existing parapets, windows and / or doors, as well as any existing coverings or cladding on walls, floors, or ceilings. Any thermal insulation systems of the existing loggia can also be removed during this dismantling process. In one variation of the method, existing ceilings or floors of the recess can also be shortened or completely cut off at the exterior wall of the existing building and, if necessary, replaced by new, thermally separated load-bearing structures, such as panels made of steel, aluminum, or reinforced concrete.

[0013] Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to create new loggias, either in places on the existing building where the building structure allows this, or on newly constructed buildings.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the method, windows or doors are integrated into the recesses of the rear wall and / or side walls of the prefabricated loggia element. This minimizes the assembly effort on the construction site.

[0015] In one variant of the method, the loggia element can be inserted in a fully assembled state. Alternatively, the insertion of the loggia element can comprise the insertion of at least one assembly of components corresponding to a partially assembled loggia element, and additionally the insertion of one or more individual components of the loggia element. In this case, it is preferred that the assembly of components includes the side walls as well as the ceiling and floor elements, and that the rear wall is inserted as a separate component. Parapet elements can also be inserted as part of the assembly with the side walls as well as the ceiling and floor elements.

[0016] The insertion of the assembled loggia element or the one or more component assemblies is preferably carried out by horizontally lowering it into the recess. For maximum precision, this lowering can be achieved with the aid of a crane beam balanced with counterweights.

[0017] In one embodiment, it is provided that the rear and side walls and the ceiling, optionally also the floor of the recess, are provided with fastening elements before the loggia element is inserted, and that the loggia element is preferably provided with corresponding fastening elements as part of the prefabrication, but in any case before insertion.

[0018] The corresponding fastening elements on the rear and side walls of the recess and the loggia element may include hanging elements. Suitable examples include hook-hook, hook-eye, or tab-screw combinations. The corresponding fastening elements on the ceiling or ceiling elements and / or the floor or floor elements of the recess and the loggia element may include guide rails and / or slides. Such fastening elements may also assist in inserting the loggia element into the recess. The fastening elements may further include horizontal anchors, for example, mechanical anchor bolts or injection anchors, on walls and / or on the end faces of the ceiling and / or floor of the recess, the loggia element preferably having corresponding bores.The loggia element should be designed in such a way that the ends of the boreholes are accessible from the outside after the loggia element has been inserted, for example through access points in the side walls, the ceiling element and / or the floor element that are open into the interior of the new loggia and preferably concealable.

[0019] In one embodiment, adjustable feet, preferably rotatable, are arranged on the underside of the base element of the loggia unit. The base element is preferably designed such that the adjustable feet can be adjusted after the loggia unit has been installed, for example, through access points in the base element that are open to the interior of the new loggia and preferably concealable. The adjustable feet allow for fine-tuning of the installation height of the loggia unit on site.

[0020] A flexible leveling layer can be present between the base of the loggia element and the base of the recess, upon which the loggia element rests. This leveling layer can be part of the prefabricated loggia element, attached to it subsequently, or installed on the base of the recess before the loggia element is inserted.

[0021] Furthermore, the floor element can be designed with a downward-facing overhang at its front, which, after the loggia element is inserted, covers the front face and any protruding side edges of the recessed floor. This improves weather protection and reduces thermal bridging. The overhang can also serve as an anchor point for securing the loggia element.

[0022] In one embodiment, the loggia is fixed to the front face of the recess's base. This can be achieved, for example, by anchors in the base. This fixing can serve as the central anchor, protecting against wind suction forces, while additional fixing points, for example on the rear and side walls of the recess, primarily serve to secure the loggia's position and allow for fine adjustments.

[0023] The base of the recess can be lined with a sealing layer or insert before the loggia element is installed. Furthermore, the base can be given a slight downward slope towards the front. This improves water drainage.

[0024] In the design and material selection for the panel-shaped components of the rear wall, side walls, ceiling element, and floor element, it is generally important to consider minimizing the space required to avoid unduly reducing the size of the building's loggia. At the same time, requirements for stability and insulation must be met. Against this backdrop, these panel-shaped components can be manufactured independently of one another, for example, using a frame construction, comprising a frame structure, two cover panels, and an enclosed core insulation layer. It may be preferable for the frame structure to include metal beams, such as steel or aluminum beams, which offer particularly high stability for a given dimension. Vacuum insulation panels or closed-cell foams, for example, can be used as core insulation, achieving a particularly favorable U-value for a given insulation cross-section.The cover plates can be made of wood or wood fiber material, for example.

[0025] The external dimensions of the loggia element are slightly smaller than the internal dimensions of the recess to allow for smooth installation. The clearance can be, for example, between 3 and 20 cm, preferably between 5 and 10 cm. The loggia element can also be at least partially covered with a protective film, which can be applied at the production facility, but in any case, before the loggia element is installed. This protective film can then be removed after installation.

[0026] In one embodiment, it is provided that the gap formed between the recess and the inserted loggia element is at least partially filled with compensating insulation.

[0027] In one variant, the compensating insulation can be integrated into the prefabricated loggia element. Such insulation can be designed to expand after the loggia element is installed. This can be achieved either through at least temporary compression before installation or by using expanding insulation materials. This design facilitates easier insertion of the loggia element into the recess and ensures a better fit of the loggia element in the recess after installation.

[0028] Alternatively, the leveling insulation can be subsequently installed as blown-in insulation into the gap(s). The blown-in insulation can be introduced, for example, through openings in the rear wall and / or the side walls and / or the floor element and / or the ceiling element of the loggia. Suitable blown-in insulation materials include foams, fibers, or granules. To achieve a particularly favorable U-value, blown-in insulation can, for example, incorporate aerogel materials.

[0029] In one embodiment, a combination of insulation components that are already part of the prefabricated loggia element and those subsequently introduced as blown-in insulation can also be used.

[0030] After the loggia element has been inserted and finally aligned in the recess, in one embodiment the joints between the building and the loggia element are also sealed. In particular, a circumferential joint on the front face of a gap formed between the recess and the inserted loggia element can be sealed using suitable sealants. In the area of ​​the floor, a suitable opening or penetration for water drainage can be incorporated into such a seal.

[0031] Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the figures and exemplary embodiments described below. The figures show: Fig. 1: A schematic representation of inserting a loggia element into a recess in the building, wherein the loggia element is inserted in a fully assembled state; Fig. 2: A representation of a corresponding procedure; Fig. 3: A schematic representation of inserting a loggia element into a recess in the building, wherein parts and component assemblies of the loggia element are inserted separately; Fig. 4: A representation of a corresponding procedure; Fig. 5: A vertical sectional view of the rear area of ​​an exemplary embodiment of the newly formed loggia; and Fig. 6: A vertical sectional view of the side areas of an exemplary embodiment of the newly formed loggia.

[0032] In the Fig. 1-2 Figure 1 shows a variant of a method according to the invention, in which a prefabricated loggia element (110) is inserted into a recess (210) of an existing building (200) in a fully assembled state. The method serves to renovate an existing loggia in the existing building (200) and is used in the context of an energy-efficient renovation of the entire building, in which, among other things, the entire exterior wall of the existing building (200) is covered with thermally insulating facade elements and new building services are integrated into building services elements on the building facade.

[0033] Starting from an initial state, the procedure comprises the following steps, as shown in Fig. 2 , Image a), a dismantling of parts of the existing loggia, as shown in Fig. 2 , Image b). As part of the dismantling process, existing parapets, windows and / or doors, coverings or cladding on walls, floors or ceilings and any thermal insulation systems will be removed, if present.

[0034] The dismantled recess (210) is then measured, for example by laser measurement. Based on these measurements, a loggia element (110) individually adapted to these dimensions is manufactured in a production plant. This loggia element (110) is then transported to the building (200) and, in one section, is horizontally lowered into the recess (210) using a crane traverse balanced with counterweights, as shown in Fig. 2 , image c) or also in Fig. 1 .

[0035] The external dimensions of the loggia element (110) are slightly smaller than the internal dimensions of the recess (210) to allow for smooth insertion. The clearance can be approximately 5 cm on all sides, for example.

[0036] Finally, the inserted loggia element (110) is attached in the recess (210), as shown in Fig. 2 , image d).

[0037] The details of the loggia element (110) are in Fig. 1 As is evident, its essential components include a panel-shaped rear wall (120), two panel-shaped side walls (130), a panel-shaped ceiling element (140), a panel-shaped floor element (150), and a parapet element (160) that encloses the front and sides of the portion of the floor element (150) that projects from the facade when the loggia element is installed. The floor element (150) also includes a downward projection (151) that extends in the opposite direction to the parapet element (160), thus enclosing the portion of the floor element (150) that projects from the facade when the loggia element is installed, both front and sides.

[0038] The rear wall (120) has recesses (121, 122) in which windows and / or doors have already been installed at the factory. The recesses (121, 122) correspond in size, shape, and position to the window and / or door openings (221, 222) on the rear wall (220) of the recess (210), from which the existing windows were removed during the dismantling process.

[0039] In Fig. 3-4 An alternative variant of a method according to the invention is shown, in which the prefabricated loggia element (110) is inserted into the recess (210) in two parts. Specifically, the rear wall (120) is first inserted as a single part, and the remaining parts, i.e., side walls (130), ceiling element (140), floor element (150) and parapet element (160), are subsequently floated into place as a composite assembly.

[0040] Details of the construction and fastening of the loggia element (110) inserted into the recess (210) are described in Fig. 5-6 to recognize, whereby Fig. 5 a vertical section view (with the section direction normal to the facade plane) of the rear area of ​​the newly formed loggia shows, and Fig. 6 a vertical section view (with the section direction running parallel to the facade plane) of the lateral areas of the newly formed loggia.

[0041] These figures show some of the fastening elements used in the embodiments described here to fasten the loggia element (110) in the recess (210).

[0042] These include, firstly, corresponding hanging elements (123, 223) on the rear wall (120) of the loggia element (110) and the rear wall (220) of the recess (210), as well as corresponding hanging elements (133, 233) on the side walls (130) of the loggia element (110) and the side walls (230) of the recess (210). The hanging elements (123, 223; 133, 233) are designed here as hook-hook solutions.

[0043] Furthermore, the fastening elements comprise guide rails (243) on the ceiling (240) of the recess (210) – which simultaneously forms the floor (250) of the recess (210) above it in the building (200) – as well as corresponding slides (143) on the ceiling elements (140) of the loggia element (110). These guide rails (243) and slides (143) also have a dual function, as they can guide and support the horizontal sliding of the loggia element (110) into the recess (210).

[0044] Furthermore, the fastening elements also include horizontal anchors (270), for example, mechanical anchor screws or injection anchors on the rear wall (220) of the recess (210). Corresponding bores (170) are incorporated into the loggia element (110). When the loggia element (110) is lowered horizontally into the recess (210), the anchors (270) penetrate horizontally into the bores (170). Fastening can then be achieved, for example, using a nut, via an access point (171) open into the interior of the new loggia. Anchors (270) can be located not only in the rear wall (220) of the recess (210), as shown, but also at other suitable locations, such as on the front face of the floor (250) with corresponding bores in the cantilever (151), as shown in Fig. 2 , as indicated in Figure d).

[0045] While not strictly speaking fasteners, the adjustable feet (152) on the underside of the floor element (150) are nevertheless important for the correct fitting and locking of the loggia element (110). Alternatively or additionally, adjustable feet could also be arranged on the top of the floor (250). The adjustable feet (152) can compensate for inaccuracies or slopes. During the installation process, the adjustable feet (152) can be retracted and extended only after installation, if necessary. The floor element (150) includes open access points (153) into the interior of the new loggia for operating the adjustable feet (152). The contact surfaces of the adjustable feet can be projecting to avoid damaging any sealing layers on the floor (250).

[0046] All the fastening elements described above, insofar as they are located on the side of the loggia element (110), i.e., the suspension elements (123, 133), the slides (143), the bores (170), and the leveling feet (152), are already installed during prefabrication at the assembly plant. The fastening elements located on the side of the recess (210), i.e., the suspension elements (223, 233), the guide rails (243), and the anchors (270), are installed on-site before the loggia element (110) is lowered into the recess (210).

[0047] The structure of the plate-shaped components, i.e. the rear wall (120), the side walls (130), the ceiling element (140) and the floor element (150) of the loggia element (110), is also in Fig. 5-6This is evident. Compared to, for example, surface elements placed in front of a building wall, the loggia area presents greater spatial constraints regarding the thickness of the components in order to avoid unduly reducing the available space. Therefore, high insulation performance is required to achieve the necessary insulation during the renovation, as described in this report. One possibility is the fabrication of the components using a frame construction, as shown in the exemplary embodiment for the ceiling elements (140) and floor elements (150). These each comprise a frame structure (20), for example made of stable metal profile beams, cover panels (10) made of, for example, wood or wood-composite materials, and core insulation (30) with high insulation performance, for example comprising vacuum insulation panels or closed-cell foams.

[0048] Due to the slightly smaller external dimensions of the loggia element (110) compared to the internal dimensions of the recess (210), and due to the alignment of the loggia element (110) within the recess (210) using the adjustable feet (152), a gap (115) is created between the installed loggia element (110) and the boundary walls of the recess (210). To improve thermal insulation, this gap (115) can be filled with compensating insulation. There are two options for this, which can also be combined. Firstly, after the loggia element (110) has been inserted and aligned, blown-in insulation can be introduced into the gap (115), for example, through openings (not shown in the figures) in the rear wall (120), the side walls (130), the ceiling element (140), and / or the floor element (150) of the loggia element (100). Suitable blown-in insulation materials include foams as well as fibers or granules.On the other hand, layered leveling insulation can already be applied to the outer surfaces of the loggia element (110) during its manufacture, i.e., the outer surfaces of the rear wall (120), the side walls (130), the ceiling element (140), and / or the floor element (150). To facilitate easier insertion of the loggia element (110) into the recess (210) and to ensure a better fit of the loggia element (110) in the recess (210) after insertion, this insulation can contain expanding insulating materials or be temporarily compressed before the loggia element (110) is inserted into the recess (210) so that it expands after insertion.

[0049] After the loggia element (110) has been inserted and finally aligned in the recess (210), the joints between the building (200) and the loggia element (110) are also sealed, although not shown in the figures, in particular the circumferential joints on the front side of the gap (115).

[0050] Prefabrication of the loggia element (110) in a production facility eliminates several manual steps on the construction site. This significantly reduces on-site assembly effort compared to conventional energy-efficient loggia renovations, such as applying an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) and manually replacing loggia doors and windows. This results in shorter construction times and less disruption for residents and neighbors. The weather-exposed surfaces of the loggia element (110), particularly the rear wall (120) and side walls (130), can also be pre-finished with an exterior cladding layer as weather protection. This method enables the energy-efficient renovation of loggias in both unoccupied and occupied buildings using serially prefabricated components. Thermal bridges in loggias can be effectively eliminated or at least significantly reduced.The invention also provides the necessary sealing against water and a stable fastening of the loggia element (110) in the recess (210).

Claims

1. Method for renovating or creating a loggia in a building (200), comprising the following steps: measuring a recess (210) in the building into which the loggia is to be created, or which is formed by an existing loggia to be renovated; prefabrication of a loggia element (110) individually adapted to the dimensions at a production facility located away from the building, wherein the loggia element (110) comprises several parts which are optionally partially or completely assembled at the production facility; transport of the optionally partially or completely assembled loggia element (110) from the production facility to the building (200); insertion of the loggia element (110) into the recess (210) in the building (200); and securing the inserted loggia element (110) in the recess (210);wherein the parts of the prefabricated loggia element (110) preferably comprise the following parts: a panel-shaped rear wall (120) which, in the case of the presence of window and / or door openings (221, 222) on the rear wall (220) of the recess (210), is provided with recesses (121, 122) corresponding in size and shape to these; panel-shaped side walls (130) which, in the case of the presence of window and / or door openings on the side walls (230) of the recess, are provided with recesses corresponding in size and shape to these; panel-shaped ceiling and floor elements (140, 150); optionally, one or more parapet elements (160).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the procedure is a procedure for the energy-efficient renovation of a loggia in an existing building, and the recess (210) is formed by an existing loggia to be renovated.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact thatBefore the prefabricated loggia element (110) is installed, preferably before the recess (210) is measured, the existing loggia is dismantled, removing the following elements if present: existing parapets; existing windows and / or doors; existing coverings or claddings on walls, floors or ceilings.

4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that windows or doors are installed in the recesses (121, 122) of the rear wall (120) and / or the side walls (130) of the prefabricated loggia element (110).

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the insertion of the loggia element (110) takes place in an already fully assembled state of the loggia element (110).

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact thatThe insertion of the loggia element (110) comprises the insertion of at least one assembly of parts corresponding to a partially assembled loggia element (110), and additionally the insertion of one or more individual parts of the loggia element (110), wherein it is preferably provided that the assembly of parts comprises the side walls (130) as well as the ceiling and floor elements (140, 150), and that the rear wall (120) is inserted as a single part.

7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by the fact that the insertion of the composite loggia element (110) or of one or more component assemblies is carried out by horizontally floating into the recess (210).

8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe rear and side walls (220, 230) and the ceiling (240), optionally also the floor (250) of the recess (210) are provided with fastening elements before the loggia element (110) is inserted, and that the loggia element (110) is preferably provided with corresponding fastening elements as part of the prefabrication, but in any case before insertion.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the corresponding fastening elements on the rear and side walls of the recess (210) and the loggia element (110) include hanging elements (123, 133, 223, 233).

10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that the corresponding fastening elements on the ceilings (240) or ceiling elements (140) and / or the floor (250) or floor elements (150) of the recess (210) and the loggia element (110) include guide rails (243) and / or slides (143).

11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact thatthe fastening elements comprise horizontal anchors (270) on walls (220, 230) and / or on the end faces of the ceiling (240) and / or the floor (250) of the recess (210), and that the loggia element (210) has corresponding bores (170).

12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that preferably rotatable adjustable feet (152) are arranged on the underside of the floor element (150) of the loggia element (110).

13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The floor element (150) has a downwardly directed projection (151) in its front area, which, after the insertion of the loggia element (110), covers the front face and any protruding side edges of the floor (250) of the recess (210), wherein preferably the loggia element (110) is attached to the front face of the floor (250) of the recess (210) by means of corresponding fastening elements via the projection (151).

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the external dimensions of the loggia element (110) are smaller than the internal dimensions of the recess (210) and a gap (151) created after the loggia element (110) is inserted into the recess (210) between the loggia element (110) and the walls (220, 230) and / or the ceiling (240) and / or the floor (250) of the recess (210) is sealed along the end joints.

15. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The gap (115) formed between the recess (210) and the inserted loggia element (110) is at least partially filled with compensating insulation, the compensating insulation preferably already being part of the prefabricated loggia element (110) or subsequently being introduced as blown-in insulation.

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