Lubricating agents for aqueous systems

Abstract

A lubricity or friction reduction agent, comprising an aqueous base fluid; an alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and an emulsifying agent that is beneficial in the field of cosmetics such as hair conditioners, making cellulosic sheets and paper items as paper creping release aids, drilling mud fluids, metal working fluids, and any other applications where two substrates are in contact and a desired reduction in friction or boost in lubricity is desired.

Description

LUBRICATING AGENTS FOR AQUEOUS SYSTEMS Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention generally relates to lubricating agents. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods of improving the lubricity or friction reduction between substrates. These agents can be in formulations for the cosmetic industry such as hair conditioners. These agents can also be applied in the making of cellulosic sheets and paper items as paper creping release aids. The agents can also be applied in drilling mud fluids, metal working fluids, and any other application where two substrates are in contact and a desired reduction in friction or boost in lubricity is desired. Background and Summary of the Invention

[0002] One embodiment of the present invention relates to the creping of wet-laid papers, and especially agents for reducing adhesion of paper to a hot surface of equipment.

[0003] The method involves the addition of an effective amount of at least one alkyl polyglucoside (APG) in combination with an emulsifying agent and a carrier. In aspects of the invention, the carrier may be water.

[0004] In the manufacture of certain wet-laid paper products such as facial tissue, bathroom tissue, paper towels, filter paper, etc., the paper web is conventionally subjected to a creping process in order to give it desirable textural characteristics, such as softness and bulk. The creping process typically involves adhering the web to a rotating creping cylinder, such as the apparatus known as a Yankee dryer, and then dislodging the adhered web with a doctor blade. The impact of the web against the doctor blade ruptures some of the fiber-to-fiber bonds within the web and causes the web to wrinkle or pucker.

[0005] The severity of this creping action is dependent upon a number of factors, including the degree of adhesion between the web and the surface of the creping cylinder. Greater adhesion causes increased softness, although generally with some loss of strength. Inorder to increase adhesion, an adhesive creping aid is used to enhance any naturally occurring adhesion that the web may have due to its water content, which will vary widely depending on the extent to which the web has been previously dried.

[0006] Creping release aids, such as those of the present invention, should also prevent wear of the dryer surface and provide lubrication between the doctor blade and the dryer surface and reduce chemical corrosion, as well as controlling the extent of creping. A coating that adheres the sheet to the drum will give a good crepe, imparting absorbance and softness with the least possible loss of paper strength. If adhesion to the dryer drum is too strong, the sheet may pick or even “plug”, i.e., underride the doctor blade, and wrap around the dryer drum. If there is not enough adhesion, the sheet will lift off too easily and undergo too little creping. The creping adhesive, as an aqueous solution or dispersion, is usually sprayed onto the surface of the creping cylinder, e.g., a Yankee dryer. This adhesion of the sheet to the Yankee dryer improves heat transfer, allowing more efficient drying of the sheet.

[0007] If the web sticks too strongly to the creping cylinder, release agents such as those of the present invention can be sprayed on the cylinder. These release agents aid in the release of the tissue web at the creping blade, lubricate and protect the blade from excessive wear, and modify the properties of the adhesive allowing for control of coating thickness. Known release agents have included materials such as emulsifiable oils, polyphosphates, and various surfactant- type chemistries. Release agents may be added to the wet end, blended with the adhesive and sprayed on the dryer using a single application system, or sprayed separately from the adhesive via a dedicated application system. The mode of action of release agents is such that they intentionally interfere with the formation of the coating. Typically, as the amount of release agent added is increased, the level of adhesion continues to decrease.

[0008] Certain hydrophobic chemicals, typically in the form of aqueous emulsions, are applied to paper machine equipment to act as release agents. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,374 to Glover teaches that an oil-in-water emulsion containing an alcohol, a fatty acid or an oil, and lecithin emulsified with a water-soluble or water-dispersible surfactant can be used to control sticky deposition on the surfaces of press rolls, Yankee rolls and couch rolls surfaces in papermaking In another example, U.S. Pat. No.5,863,385 to Siebott et. al. teaches a process forcleaning and preventing deposition on paper machine parts, including the press section, by treating the surface with an oil-in-water emulsion. The oil phase can be any of several compounds including saturated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, paraffin oil, mineral oil or poly-alpha-olefins. In another example, U.S. Pat. No.6,139,911 to Vanhecke et. al. teaches the use of aqueous microemulsions for improving the release properties of press rolls where the oil phase is selected from oils, water insoluble surfactants, water insoluble polymers, and waxes. The microemulsion is applied by first diluting it with excess water or by applying it directly in the presence of excess water. When the microemulsion is applied to the press roll in either diluted manner, the emulsion breaks up, causing the release components to deposit on the roll surface as larger macroemulsion size (or greater) particles, which are more efficient at affecting release.

[0009] U.S. Pat. No.6,558,513 to Pease et. al. teaches the use of non-curing hydrocarbon polymers, such as polybutene, for improving the release of paper webs from the surface of press rolls or other papermaking equipment or converting equipment. The composition is applied directly to the equipment surface in the absence of water, which would require application to an already cured creping adhesive coating and preclude its use in systems where the adhesive and release agents are blended and sprayed onto the dryer in a single application system. Further, these compositions contain, at minimum, 20% polybutene. U.S.9,267,239 to Dilkus discloses a method of reducing adhesion to the surface of equipment used in paper manufacture or in paper converting processes, comprising applying to the surface the a composition. comprising (a) 50- 98 parts of hydrocarbon oil, (b) 1-40 parts of emulsifier, and (c) 1-10 parts of a non-curing hydrocarbon polymer Brief Description of the Figure

[0010] Figure 1 is a graph that shows lubricity data related to the metal / metal application of Example 1. Description of the Invention

[0011] The details of one or more embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter are set forth in this document. Modifications to embodiments described in this document, andother embodiments, will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art after a study of the information provided in this document. The information provided in this document, and particularly the specific details of the described exemplary embodiments, is provided primarily for clearness of understanding and no unnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom. In case of conflict, the specification of this document, including definitions, will control.

[0012] While the terms used herein are believed to be well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, certain definitions are set forth to facilitate explanation of the presently- disclosed subject matter.

[0013] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which the invention(s) belong.

[0014] All patents, patent applications, published applications and publications, and other published materials referred to throughout the entire disclosure herein, unless noted otherwise, are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0015] Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently-disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are described herein.

[0016] Following long-standing patent law convention, the terms “a”, “an”, and “the” refer to “one or more” when used in this application, including the claims, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a polypeptide” includes one or more of such polypeptides, and so forth.

[0017] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently-disclosed subject matter.

[0018] As used herein, the term “about,” when referring to a value or to an amount of mass, weight, time, volume, concentration or percentage is meant to encompass variations of in some embodiments ±20%, in some embodiments ±10%, in some embodiments ±5%, in some embodiments ±1%, in some embodiments ±0.5%, and in some embodiments ±0.1% from the specified amount, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed method.

[0019] The present invention provides compositions for, and methods of, improving the lubricity or friction reduction between substrates. One aspect of the present invention is a method for improving the lubricity or friction reduction between two metal substrates. Another aspect of the present invention is a method of improving the lubricity of a paper substrate and a metal surface.

[0020] The application of lubricity agents or friction reducers are common for all of these industries. Things like PEG esters or fatty alcohols are commonly used. However, there are limitations to what can be used due to their handling properties. Therefore, the industry is often restricted to those that are more water soluble or easily water miscible. These limitations equate to limitations on lubricity improvements or friction reduction. This patent aims to further enhance these properties with a new formulated technology.

[0021] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving paper web release from press rolls or other paper processing equipment by interfering with adhesive coating formation, providing additional lubrication between the doctor blade and the dryer surface, and altering the properties of the adhesive allowing for control of coating thickness and degree of adhesion. With respect to paper release, the inventors have found that, surprisingly, the compositions of the present invention show excellent release efficiency

[0022] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of reducing adhesion to a metal-metal surface, or the surface of equipment used in paper manufacture or in paper converting processes, comprising applying to the surface an alkyl polyglucoside, or an emulsified alkyl polyglucoside, or a composition comprising an alkyl polyglucoside.

[0023] The method may comprise applying to surface a composition comprised applying to a surface an effective lubricity enhancing amount of at least one alkyl polyglucoside (APG) incombination with an emulsifying agent and a carrier. One embodiment of the present invention includes methods of improving the lubricity or friction reduction between substrates. The methods include improving the lubricity or friction reduction with emulsified APG type chemistries.

[0024] The compositions can be applied by any means, such as, blending with the adhesive and spraying on the surface using a single application system, or spraying separately from the adhesive via a dedicated application system.

[0025] Alkyl polyglucosides are complex products made by the reaction of glucose and fatty alcohol. In dealing with the chemistry one talks about degree of polymerization (the so called “d.p.”). In the case of traditional alkyl poluglycosides the d.p. is around 1.4. This means that on average the is 1.4 units of glucose for each alkyl group. The fact of the matter is that the resulting material is a mixture having an average of 1.4.

[0026] One embodiment of the present invention is the APG shown below emulsified with coconut diethanolamide in water. This is a cetearyl glucoside with a hydroxypropyl trimethyl amine quat functionality.R1 is alkyl group from 1 to 22; R2is alky group from 1 to 22. Another embodiment is an APG of the following formula:R is alk R is alkyl

[0027] Also, while the structure of specific product may be hard to ascertain completely since many positional isomers are possible, two additional examples of structures of the present invention are as follows: O O R (alkyl poly glycosides (d.p.1))R O O OH )

[0028] product, the resulting analytical data will show that on average there is a d.p. of 1.5. Saying that a molecule has a d.p. of 1.5 does not mean that each molecule has 1.5 glucose units on it.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the alkyl polyglucoside lubricating agent is one that is disclosed in US Patent No.6,627,612, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand names Suga®Nate and Suga®Fax.

[0030] Another embodiment of the present invention is an APG disclosed in US Patent No.6,958,315, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand name Suga®Glycinate.

[0031] Another embodiment of the present invention is an APG disclosed in US Patent No.8,268,766, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand name Poly Suga®Mulse.

[0032] Another embodiment of the present invention is an APG disclosed in US Patent No.7,507,399, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand names Poly Suga®Quats, PolySuga®Nates, PolySuga®Phos.

[0033] Another embodiment of the present invention is an APG disclosed in US Patent No.7,087,571, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand name Suga®Mates.

[0034] Another embodiment of the present invention is an APG disclosed in US Patent No.7,335,627, incorporated herein by reference; and / or dispersants sold by Colonial Chemical, Inc. under the brand name Poly Suga®Carb.

[0035] Other embodiments of the present invention include APGs that are sugar-based sulfonate-, phosphate-, glycinate-, sulfosuccinate-, and carboxylate-containing dispersants derived from alkyl polyglucosides, including those disclosed in US Patent Nos.6,627,612; 6,958,315; 7,087,571; 7,507,399 and 7,335,627.

[0036] The derivatized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention are naturally derived, do not possess polyoxyethylene groups (or contain residual ethylene oxide monomer or 1,4-dioxane), are biodegradable and in many cases have been found to have very low skin and eye irritation.

[0037] In one embodiment the derivatized alkyl polyglucoside is chosen from a carboxymethyl derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, a sulfonate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, a phosphate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, a sulfosuccinate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, a glycinate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, and a citrate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the derivatized alkyl polyglucoside is chosen from a polysulfonate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, polyphosphate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, polyquaternary derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, polycarboxylated derivatized alkyl polyglucoside, and a polycitrate derivatized alkyl polyglucoside.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the derivatized polyglucoside of the present invention comprises a monosaccharide unit, a disaccharide unit, a linker, and a functionalizing agent.

[0040] In this regard, a derivatized alkyl polyglucoside composition of the present invention includes the following, as a mixture: R O O O R4wherein: R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, R4R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from the group consisting of: -CH2-C(O)-O-M+, or –C(O)CH2-C(O)-O-M+the proviso that R1-R11are not all H;R12is selected from the group consisting of: –OH, –SO3-M+, and – SO4-2M+, -O-P(O)-(OM)2, -N(CH3)2-R1A, -O-C(O)-CH2-OH(SO3-M+)-C(O)-O-M+, HOn- ; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4+; and n is an integer from 0-36; and positional isomers thereof.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, the derivatized polyglucoside of the present invention comprises a monosaccharide unit, a disaccharide unit, a crosslinking agent, and a functionalizing agent.

[0042] In this regard, a derivatized alkyl polyglucoside composition of the present invention includes the following, as a mixture:R O O OH wherein:R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; a crosslinking agent of the following formula Cl-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-Cl; and a functionalizing agent selected from: Cl- Cl-R1Ais CH3(CH2)n-;(ii) –Cl-CH2-C(O)-Na+, 2-halocarboxylic acid, α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, and combinations thereof; O- +OHONa;; and n is an integer from 0-36; and positional isomers thereof.

[0043] Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention is a phosphate and / or sulfonate functionalized alkyl polyglucoside of the following compounds, as a mixture: R O O O R4,wherein: R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of: the proviso that R1, R2, R3, and R4are not all H;R12is selected from the group consisting of: –OH,–SO3-M+, – SO4-2M+, and -O-P(O)-(OM)2; M is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, NH4; and R O O O R6,wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from the group consisting of: R12R12is selected from the group consisting of: –OH, -O-P(O)-(OM)2, –SO3-M+, and – SO4-2M+, and M is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

[0044] These alkyl polyglucosides described herein are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380. Two examples of which are sodium laurylglucosides hydroxypropylsulfonate (sold under the brand name Suga®Nate 160NC) and sodium decylglucosides hydroxypropylsulfonate (sold under the brand name Suga®Nate 100NC). The alkylpolyglucoside phosphates of the current invention are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, In., South Pittsburg, TN 37380. An example of which is Sodium Decylglucosides Hydroxypropyl Phosphate, sold under the brand name Suga®Fax D10NC.

[0045] These APGs are synthesized by the methods outlined in US patent 6,627,612 or their corresponding patents and are generally supplied as clear solutions, 30-50% solids, that are used as is in emulsion polymerization reactions.

[0046] The phosphate functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of this embodiment are also described in US 8,216,994. Thus, phosphate functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention include those with the following formula: O O- Na+;

[0047] In some embodiments, the alkyl moiety contains about 12 carbon atoms. An example of a suitable phosphate functionalized alkyl polyglucoside includes, but is not limited to, sodium dilaurylglucoside hydroxypropyl phosphate.

[0048] The sulfonated functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of this embodiment are also described in US 8,216,988. Thus, sulfonated functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention include those with the following formula:OH O ; wherein n isR is an alkyl chain. Examples of suitable sulfonated functionalized alkyl polyglucosides include sodium laurylglucosides, hydroxypropyl sulfonate and sodium declyglucosides hydroxypropyl sulfonate and combinations thereof.

[0049] An additional embodiment of the present invention is also a glycinate-modified alkylpolyglucoside of the following formulae, and positional isomers thereof, as a mixture: R O O O R4,wherein R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected fromHO H, withand R O O O R6, whereinto atoms; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected fromHO H, withand positional isomers thereof.

[0050] The alkylpolyglucoside glycinates of the current invention are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380, two examples of which are Sodium Bis- Hydroxyethylglycinate Coco-Glucosides Crosspolymer (sold under the brand name Poly Suga®Glycinate C) and Sodium Bis-Hydroxyethylglycinate Lauryl-Glucosides Crosspolymer (sold under the brand name Poly Suga®Glycinate L).

[0051] These APGs are synthesized by the methods outlined in US patent 6,958,315 and are generally supplied as clear solutions, 30 – 50 % solids, that are used as is in emulsion polymerization reactions.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention is also cross polymers of alkylpolyglucosides and sorbitan esters as sugar-based nonionic compounds of the following formulae, and positional isomers thereof, as a mixture: R O O ,wherein;R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and R O O OH(c) a sorbitan ester of the following structure: OH ,wherein: R1Bis alkyl having 7 to 21 carbons;Cl Cl a crosslinking agent of the following in water; and Cl-+ optionally a functionalizing agent selected from the group , Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^SO3M, Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH)Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH)CH2 ^OP(O) ^(OM)2, and mixtures wherein R1Ais CH3^(CH2)n^, n is an integer from 0 to 36; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

[0053] The cross polymers of alkylpolyglucosides and sorbitan esters that are sugar- based are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380, two examples of which are Poly Suga®Mulse D6 and Poly Suga®Mulse D9, both described as sorbitan oleate decylglucoside cross polymer.

[0054] These compounds are synthesized by the methods outlined in US patent 8,268,766.

[0055] An embodiment of the present invention is also sulfonate-modified, phosphate- modified and cationically modified poly-sugar alkyl polyglucoside compounds of the following formulae, as a mixture:R O O OH , wherein;R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and R O O OHR is alkyl a crosslinker of the following formula: Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^CH2 ^Cl; and a functionalizing agent selected from: Cl- ,Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^SO3M,Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^SO4M, Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH)CH2 ^OP(O) ^(OM)2, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1is CH3 ^(CH2)n ^; n is an integer from 0 to 36; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

[0056] These alkyl polyglucosides of the current invention are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380, as shown in US Patent No.7,507,399. Examples of these alkyl polyglucosides are: sodium hydroxypropyl phosphate decylglucoside crosspolymer (Poly Suga®Phos 1000P), sodium hydroxypropyl phosphate laurylglucoside crosspolymer (PolySuga®Phos 1200P), Sodium hydroxypropyl phosphate cocoglucoside crosspolymer (PolySuga®Phos 8600P), Sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate butylglucoside crosspolymer (PolySuga®Nate 40P), Sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate decylglucoside crosspolymer (PolySuga®Nate 100P), Sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate laurylglucoside crosspolymer (PolySuga®Nate 160P NC), Polyquaternium-78 (Poly Suga®Quat L-1010P), Polyquaternium-80 (Poly Suga®Quat L-1210P) and Polyquaternium-81 (Poly Suga®Quat S-1201P).

[0057] Another description of this embodiment is described in US Patent No.8,329,633. Thus, poly quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention have the following formula:R R Cl-Cl-++;ranging from 4 to 6; and positional isomers thereof.

[0058] Another description of this embodiment is described in US Patent No.8,262,805. Thus, poly sulfonate functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention have the following formula:O-Na+O-Na+O Na+ranging from 4 to 6; and positional isomers thereof.

[0059] Another example of this embodiment is described in US Patent No.8,287,659. That is, polyphosphate functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the following formula:O-Na+O-Na+;an group to atoms; isomers thereof.

[0060] Another APG compound of the present invention is also described in US Patent Nos.8,557,760 and 8,389,457. Quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides of the present invention may have the following representative formula:HO OH ;and R2is CH3(CH2)n, and n is independently an integer from 0-21; and positional isomers thereof. Examples of suitable quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides compounds include those in the R1alkyl moiety contains primarily about 12 carbons, the R2group is CH3.

[0061] Embodiments of the present invention are also sulfosuccinate-modified, alkylpolyglucoside compounds, represented by compounds of the following formulae, as a mixture: R O O O R4,wherein R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected from –CH2–CH(OH)–CH2–R12, and H, with the proviso that R1, R2, R3, and R4are not all H; R12is –O–C(O)–CH2–CH(SO3M+)–C(O)–O- M+M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4;and R O O O R6R is alkylR5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from –CH2–CH(OH)–CH2– R12, and H, with the proviso that R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are not all H; R12is –O–C(O)–CH2–CH(SO3 M+)–C(O)–O- M+M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

[0062] The sulfosuccinate-modified PolySuga®alkylpolyglucosides of the current invention are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380. These compounds are synthesized by the methods outlined in US patent 7,087,571 and are generally supplied as clear solutions, 30 – 50 % solids.

[0063] Another embodiment of the present invention is carboxymethyl-modified, Poly Suga®-alkylpolyglucoside compounds, represented by the following components, as a mixture:O O R OR6; wherein one of R3,–C(O)–CH2–C(O)–O- M+, with the remaining R groups being H; R is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; M is H, Na, or K; and (b) a 1,3 dicloloro-2-propanol crosslinker; and positional isomers thereof.

[0064] The carboxymethyl-modified Poly Suga®alkyl polyglucosides of the current invention are manufactured by Colonial Chemical, Inc., South Pittsburg, TN 37380, examples of which are Sodium Maleate Decylglucoside Crosspolymer (Poly Suga®Carb DM), Sodium Maleate Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer (Poly Suga®Carb LM) and Sodium Succinate Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer (Poly Suga®Carb LS).

[0065] These APGs are synthesized by the methods outlined in US patent 7,335,627 and are generally supplied as clear solutions, 40 – 60 % solids.

[0066] Another embodiment of the present invention is a citrate-functionalized polymeric alkylglucoside, represented by the following components, as a mixture: R O O OHR O O OH ;and R2is: Na+O- ;and positional isomers thereof.

[0067] Examples of emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids; linear and branched alcohol ethoxylates; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; phosphate esters of linear and branched alcohol ethoxylates; and quaternary ammonium surfactants. The emulsifiers are present to reduce the interfacial tension at the oil- water interface and stabilize emulsions of the composition prior to and at the point of application.

[0068] Other examples of emulsifiers include fatty amides, coconut diethanolamide, and metal salts of a fatty acid. In embodiments, the metal salt of a fatty acid is sodium oleate.

[0069] Other examples of emulsifiers include for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan monooleate or sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxy ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as fatty acid esters and laurate esters, alkoxylated alcohols, other fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids, sucrose andglucose esters and derivatives thereof, as well as aliphatic esters, ethoxylated aliphatic esters and glycerol esters and the like. In some embodiments, water-soluble or water-dispersible surfactants are nonionic surfactants, for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkoxylated alcohols and the like may be used. In certain embodiments, the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters can be Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80, while the sorbitan fatty acid esters can be Span 20, Span 40, Span 60 and Span 80.

[0070] Examples of the aqueous base fluid, or carrier, include water or a water / alcohol combination.

[0071] The APG lubricating agent can be present in the lubricating agent / friction reducer composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to neat (about 100%) by wt. The emulsifier can be present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 15% of the APG weight, specifically including from about 2% to about 5%. The base fluid, or carrier, can be present in an amount ranging from about 0% to 99%.

[0072] As stated above, the compositions of the present invention are also useful in drilling fluids to reduce the coefficient of friction during the drilling operation. Various brines, including clear brines are often used in the drilling of subterranean wells during the penetration of the target formation and are often called completion fluids. Brine based drilling muds are also well known to one of skill in the art of drilling. Unfortunately, many if not all of the known lubricants useful in aqueous based drilling fluids are not compatible with clear brines or drilling muds that have brine as a major component. Thus, this embodiment of the invention meets an unmet need.

[0073] Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention include methods of improving the lubricity of an aqueous based drilling fluids. The methods include improving the lubricity of an aqueous based drilling fluid composed of an aqueous base fluid, and a weighting agent, with the addition of an effective amount of a phospholipid of the present invention to substantially reduce the coefficient of friction when compared to the fluid absent the phospholipids.

[0074] Embodiments of the present invention also include aqueous based drilling fluids. An illustrative drilling fluid comprises an aqueous base fluid, a weighting agent, and an effectiveamount of a phospholipid of the present invention. The weighting agent can be a water soluble salt selected from at least one of alkali metal halides, alkali metal nitrates; alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal formates; alkali metal acetates, alkali metal propionates, alkaline earth metal halides, alkaline earth metal nitrates; alkaline earth metal sulfates, alkaline earth metal formates; alkaline earth metal acetates, alkaline earth metal propionates, rare earth metal halides, rare earth metal nitrates; rare earth metal sulfates, rare earth metal formates; rare earth metal acetates, rare earth metal propionates, transition metal halides, transition metal nitrates; transition metal sulfates, transition metal formates; transition metal acetates, transition metal propionates, and combinations of these and similar compounds well known to one of skill in the art. Examples

[0075] The following is presented for exemplary purposes only. The Examples and exemplary formulations are not intended to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0076] Example 1 - Metal / Metal surfaces

[0077] Lubricating agent captured in this invention, were evaluated for their ability to improve the lubricity of aqueous systems. The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) & Percent Torque Reduction values for fluids containing the invention of the invention were determined by incorporating the lubricating agent of the current invention in DI water. Standard testing procedures using an OFITE Digital Lubricity Meter (OFI Testing Equipment, Houston, TX) were followed in these studies. This lubricity tester is used to measure the lubricating quality of these lubricity agents, provide data to evaluate the type and quantity of lubricating additives that may be required, and predict wear rates of mechanical parts in known fluid systems. For the standard lubricity coefficient test, 150 in-lb of torque force (the equivalent of 5,000 to 10,000 psi pressure on the intermediate fluid) is applied to two hardened steel surfaces, a block and a ring rotating ring at 60 rpm. Test concentrations were chosen to be 0.6% APG, 0.15% coconut diisopropanol amide, and the remainder water. Table 1 summarizes both the comparison of coefficient of friction results as well as the friction reduction results for formula. The percent torque reduction is calculated by comparing the difference between the CoF with the lubricatingagent and DI water. Also see Figure 1, showing the lubricity reduction - the difference between the improvement and just water Table 1. Summary of Coefficient of Friction data and Friction Reduction data for the lubricity agent measured at 72ºF for 5 minutes Structure Chain Emulsifier Lubricity Coeffecient of Friction Measurement Lubricity Reduction (%) DI Water None 35.7 0 PEG 400 DiOleyl / MonoOl None 17.4 0.166 51.3 eyl PEG 600 DiOleyl / MonoOl None 18.9 0.18 47.1 eyl PEG 600 MonoOleyl None 18.6 0.177 47.9 PEG 400 MonoOleyl None 19.3 0.184 45.9 APG- Cetearyl (C16- coconut 9.4 0.09 73.7 Quat 18) diisopropanol amide APG- Cetearyl (C16- coconut 13.5 0.129 62.2 Sulfate 18) diisopropanol amide APG- Cetearyl (C16- coconut 19.7 0.188 44.8 Phosphat 18) diisopropanol amide e

[0078] Example 2: Hair / Plastic Comb

[0079] The compositions of the invention are also useful as skin, scalp and hair care, such as in particular bath and shower foams, hair shampoos and conditioners for hair and scalp care together with skin-cleansing bath preparations.

[0080] For example, a hair conditioner of the present invention may comprise lactic acid (about 0.6%), stearamidoproyl dimethylamine (about 2.0%), APG (about 6%), sodium benzoate (about 1.0%), water (qs to 100%)

[0081] Example 3: Paper / Metal surfaces

[0082] A paper release aid, such as those in paper creping or coffee filters, may compose of 0.6% distearyl PEG, 0.15% coconut diethanolamide, and the remainder water.

[0083] The compositions, processes, systems, and methods of the present invention are often best practiced by empirically determining the appropriate values of the operating parameters, or by conducting simulations to arrive at best design for a given application. Accordingly, all suitable modifications, combinations, and equivalents should be considered as falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

We claim:

1. A lubricating agent / friction reducer composition, comprising: an aqueous base fluid; an alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and an emulsifying agent 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is a cetearyl glucoside with a hydroxypropyl trimethyl amine quat functionality.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from: , whereinR1is alkyl group from 1 to 22 R2is alky group from 1 to 22; , whereinR is alkyl group 1 to 22; ; wherein R is4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture: R O O O R4wherein: R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, R4R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from the group consisting of: -CH2-C(O)-O-M+, or –C(O)CH2-C(O)-O-M+R12H;R1Ais CH3-(CH2)n- ; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4+; and n is an integer from 0-36; and positional isomers thereof.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture: R O O OHwherein: R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; a crosslinking agent of the following formula Cl-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-Cl; and a functionalizing agent selected from: Cl- Cl-R1Ais CH3(CH2)n-; (ii) –Cl-CH2-C(O)-Na+, 2-halocarboxylic acid, α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, and combinations thereof; -+OHOO Na;and n is an integer from 0-36; and positional isomers thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture: R O O R4,wherein: R is an alkyl chain having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of:R12the proviso that R1, R2, R3, and R4are not all H;of: –OH,–SO3-M+, – SO4-2M+, and -O-P(O)-(OM)2; M is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, NH4; and R O O O R6,wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from the group consisting of:R12is selected from the group consisting of:–OH, -O-P(O)-(OM)2, –SO3-M+, and – SO4-2M+, and M is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula: O O- Na+; wherein APG is8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula: OH ;wherein n is between 1 to about 3, and particularly 1.5; and positional isomers thereof; R is an alkyl chain.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture:R O O O R4, whereinR is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected from HO H, withandR O O O R6, whereinR5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from HO H,and positional isomers thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture:R O O OH , wherein;R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and R O O OH(c) a sorbitan ester of the following structure: OH ,wherein:R1Bis alkyl having 7 to 21 carbons; Cl Cl a crosslinking agent of the following in water; and Cl-optionally a functionalizing agent selected from the group , Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^SO3M, Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH)Cl ^CH2^CH(OH)CH2^OP(O) ^(OM)2, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1Ais CH3^(CH2)n^, n is an integer from 0 to 36; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following, as a mixture: R O O ,wherein; R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; andR O O OH , wherein: R is alkyla crosslinker of the following formula: Cl ^CH2 ^CH(OH) ^CH2 ^Cl; and a functionalizing agent selected from: Cl- ,Cl ^CH2^CH(OH) ^SO4M, Cl ^CH2^CH(OH)CH2^OP(O) ^(OM)2, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1is CH3^(CH2)n^; n is an integer from 0 to 36; M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4;and positional isomers thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula: R R Cl-Cl- ;ranging from 4 to 6; and positional isomers thereof.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula:O-Na+O-Na+O Na+ranging from 4 to 6; and positional isomers thereof.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula:O-Na+O-Na++;an group to atoms; isomers thereof.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula:HO OH ;and R2is CH3(CH2)n, and n is independently an integer from 0-21; and positional isomers thereof.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula, as a mixture: R O O O R4,wherein R is alkyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, and R4are independently selected from –CH2–CH(OH)–CH2–R12, and H, with the proviso that R1, R2, R3, and R4are not all H; R12is –O–C(O)–CH2–CH(SO3 M+)–C(O)–O- M+M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4;and R O O O R6, wherein R is alkylR5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are independently selected from –CH2–CH(OH)–CH2– R12, and H, with the proviso that R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11are not all H; R12is –O–C(O)–CH2–CH(SO3 M+)–C(O)–O- M+M is a charge balancing group selected from H, Na, K, or NH4; and positional isomers thereof.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula, as a mixture:O O R OR6; wherein one of R3,–C(O)–CH2–C(O)–O- M+, with the remaining R groups being H; R is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; M is H, Na, or K; and (b) a 1,3 dicloloro-2-propanol crosslinker; and positional isomers thereof.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the APG is chosen from the following formula, as a mixture: R O O OHR O O OH ;and R2is: Na+O- ;and positional isomers thereof.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the dosage of the APG can be between 0.1% to 99%.

20. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifying agent is a fatty amide.

21. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifying agent is a metal salt of a fatty acid.

22. The composition of claim 6, wherein the metal salt of a fatty acid is sodium oleate.

23. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifying agent is coconut diethanolamide.

24. A method of improving the lubricity of two substrates, comprising applying at least one alkyl polyglucoside to at least one substrate, or at least one emulsified alkyl polyglucoside to at least one substrate.

25. A method of improving the lubricity of two substrates, comprising applying a composition of claim 1 to at least one substrate.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition is a composition of one of claims 2-23.

26. A method of reducing adhesion to a surface of equipment used in paper manufacture or in paper converting process comprising the steps of : a) applying at least one alkyl polyglucoside or at least one emulsified alkyl polyglucoside to the surface; b) pressing the paper web against the drying surface to adhere the web to the drying surface, and c) dislodging the web from the drying surface with a creping device to crepe the paper web.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the alkyl polyglucoside is in a composition comprising an aqueous base fluid and an emulsifying agent.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the alkyl polyglucoside is a composition of one of claims 2-23.

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