Method, apparatus and system based on tci / qcl framework for ntn communications
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-22
Smart Images

Figure CN2023099004_12122024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Method, Apparatus and system based on TCI / QCL framework for NTN communicationsTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, generally, to non-terrestrial network wireless communications and, in particular embodiments, to a method, apparatus and system based on a framework for communication in view of transmission configuration indicators and quasi colocation.BACKGROUND
[0002] In traditional cellular wireless communication systems, such as fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) or fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , it is known that an element of a network may configure a plurality of Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) states at a user equipment (UE) using so-called higher-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control, “RRC” ) . It is also known that the element may activate, at the UE, a plurality of particular TCI states, among the plurality of configured TCI states, using so-called lower-layer signaling (e.g., using a media access control-control element, “MAC-CE” ) . It is further known that the element may indicate, using dynamic signaling (e.g., downlink control indication, “DCI” ) , specific TCI states that are to be used for detection and decoding of a physical downlink scheduling channel (PDSCH) . DCI formats are known to use n bits in a TCI field, where n is selected from among {1, 2, 3, 4} , based on a number of active TCI states. TCI states are known to be defined to include a quasi-colocation (QCL) information block. The QCL information block may indicate a source reference signal and a QCL assumption type. The QCL assumption type is known to be any one of Type-A, Type-B, Type-C and Type-D.
[0003] In 5G NR Rel-16, enhancements were added in an attempt to realize the potential of mmWave communications. Such enhancements included a time duration for QCL application. When the DCI format includes a TCI state indication, a corresponding time duration for QCL application is provided to the UE to, thereby, allow the UE to switch a beam towards detection and decoding of the PDSCH. This time duration for QCL application starts from the last Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of the scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . This time duration for QCL application ends at the first OFDM symbol of the corresponding PDSCH. This time duration for QCL application is typically configured on a basis of UE capability. In this disclosure, the QCL application could be the application of the channel property (which is indicated by the QCL assumption, e.g., Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, Type-D, etc. ) from the source reference signal towards the target reference signal.
[0004] In 5G NR Rel-17, further enhancements were added, in conjunction with an introduction of a unified TCI framework. The unified TCI framework may be shown to allow a TCI state design to be applicable beyond DL communications (e.g., for PDSCH detection and decoding) . The unified TCI framework may also be shown to allow the TCI state design to include neighbor cell physical cell identities (PCIs) for Inter-cell Beam Management. A Beam Application Time was also introduced. It may be considered that the Beam Application Time provides the UE with a time to apply an indicated beam for the unified TCI state. Typically, the Beam Application Time is configured on a basis of UE Capability.
[0005] Current satellites can transmit in the order of several hundreds of beams. Simultaneous transmission of several hundreds of beams may be shown to cause relatively severe inter-beam interference problems. To mitigate such inter-beam interference problems, satellites are known to implement Beam Hopping techniques. A given satellite implementing Beam Hopping techniques may be shown to transmit a smaller set of beams (e.g., in the order of tens of beams) in such a way that the beams in this smaller set are spaced sufficiently far apart that the resulting inter-beam interference is within reasonable bounds.SUMMARY
[0006] The TCI / QCL framework representative of aspects of the present application includes new fields so that, when a UE is exchanging communication with a non-terrestrial device to, thereby, establish a connection with the non-terrestrial device, the UE may receive a signaling message. The signaling message includes a TCI state and the TCI state includes configuration parameters for a QCL assumption. The configuration parameters may be used by the UE to receive a physical downlink channel. In particular, the configuration parameters may be shown to allow the UE to detecting and decode the physical downlink channel. In this disclosure, the QCL assumption could refer to the channel property that the UE derives from detecting and measuring a reference signal (e.g., the spatial Rx beam, the average delay, the Doppler shift, etc. )
[0007] Application of the known 5G NR TCI / QCL framework to a network that includes terrestrial devices (e.g., terrestrial TRPs) and non-terrestrial devices (e.g., non-terrestrial TRPs) may be shown to lead to a UE frequently beam switching between terrestrial and non-terrestrial wireless links. Furthermore, the known 5G NR TCI / QCL framework is known to present limitations and restrictions when non-terrestrial TRPs are part of the network. Indeed, it may be shown that introduction of non-terrestrial TRPs can lead to increased complexity.
[0008] Through an introduction of some new QCL assumption types, the frequency of beam switching between terrestrial and non-terrestrial wireless links may be reduced. New fields in the TCI / QCL framework representative of aspects of the present application may be shown to decrease complexity inherent with use of non-terrestrial TRPs.
[0009] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method includes exchanging communication with a non-terrestrial device to, thereby, establish a connection with the non-terrestrial device, receiving, from the non-terrestrial device, a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption and receiving, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.
[0010] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus includes at least one processor, which is coupled to a memory storing computer-readable instructions. The at least one processor may be caused, by executing the computer-readable instructions, to exchange communication with a non-terrestrial device to, thereby, establish a connection with the non-terrestrial device, receive, from the non-terrestrial device, a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption and receive, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel. The apparatus could be a UE, or a module in the UE.
[0011] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for carrying out at a non-terrestrial device. The method includes transmitting, by the non-terrestrial device to a user equipment (UE) , a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying the configuration parameters and transmitting, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.
[0012] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus includes at least one processor, which is coupled to a memory storing computer-readable instructions. The at least one processor may be caused, by executing the computer-readable instructions, to transmit a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption and transmit, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.
[0013] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to transmit a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption and transmit, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.
[0014] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system. The system includes a first apparatus and a second apparatus. The first apparatus includes at least one first processor which is coupled to a first memory storing first computer-readable instructions, caused, by executing the first computer-readable instructions, to transmit a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption and transmit, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel. The second apparatus includes at least one second processor which is coupled to a second memory storing second computer-readable instructions, caused, by executing the second computer-readable instructions, to receive, from the first apparatus, the signaling message and receive, based on the configuration parameters, the physical downlink channel.
[0015] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects, the QCL assumption comprises a QCL assumption for the non-terrestrial device.
[0016] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the configuration parameters comprise trajectory information for the non-terrestrial device.
[0017] The trajectory information may comprise a plurality of coordinates representative of a position of the non-terrestrial device. Each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, may comprise a geographic coordinate in a three-dimensional space. Each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, could be represented with a given number of bits of quantization.
[0018] The trajectory information may comprise a plurality of coordinates representative of a velocity of the non-terrestrial device. Each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, may comprise a geographic coordinate in a three-dimensional space. Each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, may be represented with a given number of bits of quantization.
[0019] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the configuration parameters comprise time division multiplexing beam patterns.
[0020] The configuration parameters include one or more of a beam periodicity, a beam offset, a system frame number pattern, a maximum number of active beams and a set of beam identities.
[0021] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the configuration parameters comprise frequency division multiplexing beam patterns.
[0022] The configuration parameters include a starting resource block, a number of resource blocks, a maximum number of active beams, a set of beam identities.
[0023] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the non-terrestrial device comprises a satellite, an element of a high altitude platform system, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or a combination of a terrestrial devices with a satellite, an element of a high altitude platform system, or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
[0024] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the exchanging communication comprises carrying out an initial access procedure.
[0025] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the signaling message comprises a higher-layer signaling message. For example, it comprises a radio resource control signaling message.
[0026] In one possible implementation of any one of above aspects or implementations, the physical downlink channel comprises a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel.
[0027] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement the method of any one of any one of above aspects or implementations.
[0028] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement the method of any one of any one of above aspects or implementations.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic diagram, a communication system in which embodiments of the disclosure may occur, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices and multiple example transmit receive points along with various networks;
[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates, in a block diagram, the communication system of FIG. 1, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices, an example terrestrial transmit receive point and an example non-terrestrial transmit receive point along with various networks;
[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates, as a block diagram, elements of an example electronic device of FIG. 2, elements of an example terrestrial transmit receive point of FIG. 2 and elements of an example non-terrestrial transmit receive point of FIG. 2, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates, as a block diagram, various modules that may be included in an example electronic device, an example terrestrial transmit receive point and an example non-terrestrial transmit receive point, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates, as a block diagram, a sensing management function, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates a non-terrestrial transmit receive point transmitting beams toward the ground;
[0036] FIG. 7 illustrates the non-terrestrial transmit receive point of FIG. 6 transmitting a set of beams toward the ground, where the beams transmitted in FIG. 7 are distinct from the beams transmitted in FIG. 6;
[0037] FIG. 8 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0038] FIG. 9 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0039] FIG. 10 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information including a trajectoryInfo field, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0040] FIG. 11 illustrates an example Trajectory Information block of the type that may be referenced by the trajectoryInfo field in the example NTN TCI state of FIG. 10;
[0041] FIG. 12 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information including a tdmPattern field, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0042] FIG. 13 illustrates an example time division multiplexing Beam Pattern information element of the type that may be referenced by the tdmPattern field in the example NTN TCI state of FIG. 12;
[0043] FIG. 14 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information including an fdmPattern field, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0044] FIG. 15 illustrates an example frequency division multiplexing Beam Pattern information element of the type that may be referenced by the fdmPattern field in the example NTN TCI state of FIG. 14; and
[0045] FIG. 16 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information, in accordance with aspects of the present application.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures.
[0047] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0048] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g., sixth generation, “6G, ” or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another and / or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate information. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide information, such as voice, data, video, signaling and / or text, via broadcast, multicast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0051] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a, 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150 and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172. As may be surmised on the basis of similarity in reference numerals, the non-terrestrial communication network 120c may be considered to be a radio access network, with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c may include at least one non-terrestrial network device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, wherein the at least one non-terrestrial network device works as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device works as a radio access network node, which communicates with the ED via the non-terrestrial network device.
[0052] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0053] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) or Direct Fourier Transform spread OFDMA (DFT-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0054] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 175 for multicast transmission.
[0055] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c with various services such as voice, data and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130 and may, or may not, employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) and to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . The EDs 110a, 110b, 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies and may incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , Internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0057] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, wearable devices such as a watch, head mounted equipment, a pair of glasses, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g., communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base stations 170a and 170b each T-TRPs and will, hereafter, be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability; and connection necessity.
[0058] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may, alternatively, be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g., as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the at least one antenna 204 or by a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0059] The ED 110 may include at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and / or data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processing unit (s) (e.g., a processor 210) . Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache and the like.
[0060] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to, or receiving information from, a user, such as through operation as a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a keyboard, a display or a touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0061] The ED 110 includes the processor 210 for performing operations including those operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170, those operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170, and those operations related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 and / or by the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g., beam angle information (BAI) , received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g., using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or from the T-TRP 170.
[0062] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0063] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a Central Processing Unit (CPU) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0064] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a base band unit (BBU) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a central unit (CU) , a distribute unit (DU) , a positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro BS, a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forgoing devices or refer to apparatus (e.g., a communication module, a modem or a chip) in the forgoing devices.
[0065] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment that houses antennas 256 for the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment that houses antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses antennas 256 of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g., through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0066] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may, alternatively, be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110; processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110; preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to the NT-TRP 172; and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g., multiple input multiple output, “MIMO, ” precoding) , transmit beamforming and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g., BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy the NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g., to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling, ” as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and static, or semi-static, higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g., in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0067] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within, or operated separately from, the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources.
[0068] The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0069] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0070] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same, or different one of, one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g., in the memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a CPU, a GPU or an ASIC.
[0071] Notably, the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as high altitude platforms, satellite, high altitude platform as international mobile telecommunication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles, which forms will be discussed hereinafter. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110; processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110; preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170; and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received signals and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g., to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0072] The NT-TRP 172 may further include a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or part of the receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0073] The processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the processing components of the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g., in the memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the processing components of the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a CPU, a GPU or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g., through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0074] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0075] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170 or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or by a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or by a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a CPU, a GPU or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor, for example, the modules may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation. The transmitter mentioned with reference to FIG. 3 may be a detailed implementation for the transmitting module. The receiver mentioned with reference to FIG. 3 may be a detailed implementation for the receiving module. The processor mentioned with reference to FIG. 3 may be a detailed implementation for the processing module.
[0076] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0077] An air interface generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The wireless communications link may support a link between a radio access network and user equipment (e.g., a “Uu” link) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between device and device, such as between two user equipments (e.g., a “sidelink” ) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) -communication network and user equipment (UE) . The following are some examples for the above components.
[0078] A waveform component may specify a shape and form of a signal being transmitted. Waveform options may include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , Direct Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-OFDM) , Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) , Time windowing OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) , Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) , Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) , Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) , Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) Waveform and low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (low PAPR WF) .
[0079] A frame structure component may specify a configuration of a frame or group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of a time, frequency, pilot signature, code, subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix length or other parameter of the frame or group of frames. More details of frame structure will be discussed hereinafter.
[0080] A multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technique options, including technologies defining how communicating devices share a common physical channel, such as: TDMA; FDMA; CDMA; SDMA; OFDMA; SC-FDMA; Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA) ; Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) ; Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) ; Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) ; Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) ; and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) . Furthermore, multiple access technique options may include: scheduled access vs. non-scheduled access, also known as grant-free access; non-orthogonal multiple access vs. orthogonal multiple access, e.g., via a dedicated channel resource (e.g., no sharing between multiple communicating devices) ; contention-based shared channel resources vs. non-contention-based shared channel resources; and cognitive radio-based access.
[0081] A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how a transmission and / or a re-transmission is to be made. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or re-transmission mechanism options include those that specify a scheduled data pipe size, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or re-transmission and a re-transmission mechanism.
[0082] A coding and modulation component may specify how information being transmitted may be encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity check codes and polar codes. Modulation may refer, simply, to the constellation (including, for example, the modulation technique and order) , or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.
[0083] In some embodiments, the air interface may be a “one-size-fits-all” concept. For example, it may be that the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adapted once the air interface is defined. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of an air interface, such as a cyclic prefix (CP) length or a MIMO mode, can be configured. In some embodiments, an air interface design may provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequencies below known 6 GHz bands and frequencies beyond the 6 GHz bands (e.g., mmWave bands) for both licensed and unlicensed access. As an example, flexibility of a configurable air interface provided by a scalable numerology and symbol duration may allow for transmission parameter optimization for different spectrum bands and for different services / devices. As another example, a unified air interface may be self-contained in a frequency domain and a frequency domain self-contained design may support more flexible RAN slicing through channel resource sharing between different services in both frequency and time.
[0084] A frame structure is a feature of the wireless communication physical layer that defines a time domain signal transmission structure to, e.g., allow for timing reference and timing alignment of basic time domain transmission units. Wireless communication between communicating devices may occur on time-frequency resources governed by a frame structure. The frame structure may, sometimes, instead be called a radio frame structure.
[0085] Depending upon the frame structure and / or configuration of frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time-division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication may be possible. FDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur in different frequency bands. TDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur over different time durations. FD communication is when transmission and reception occurs on the same time-frequency resource, i.e., a device can both transmit and receive on the same frequency resource contemporaneously.
[0086] One example of a frame structure is a frame structure, specified for use in the known long-term evolution (LTE) cellular systems, having the following specifications: each frame is 10 ms in duration; each frame has 10 subframes, which subframes are each 1 ms in duration; each subframe includes two slots, each of which slots is 0.5 ms in duration; each slot is for the transmission of seven OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP) ; each OFDM symbol has a symbol duration and a particular bandwidth (or partial bandwidth or bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as subcarrier spacing and CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or limited length options) ; and the switching gap between uplink and downlink in TDD is specified as the integer time of OFDM symbol duration.
[0087] Another example of a frame structure is a frame structure, specified for use in the known new radio (NR) cellular systems, having the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponding to a respective numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology but, in any case, the frame length is set at 10 ms and each frame consists of ten subframes, each subframe of 1 ms duration; a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols; and slot length depends upon the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for normal CP 15 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 1” ) and the NR frame structure for normal CP 30 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 2” ) are different. For 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 1 ms and, for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 0.5 ms. The NR frame structure may have more flexibility than the LTE frame structure.
[0088] Another example of a frame structure is, e.g., for use in a 6G network or a later network. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block may be defined to have a duration that is the minimum duration of time that may be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a unit of transmission having an optional redundancy portion (e.g., CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may alternatively be called a symbol. Embodiments of flexible frame structures include different parameters that may be configurable, e.g., frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, etc. A non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters, in some embodiments of a flexible frame structure, includes: frame length; subframe duration; slot configuration; subcarrier spacing (SCS) ; flexible transmission duration of basic transmission unit; and flexible switch gap.
[0089] The frame length need not be limited to 10 ms and the frame length may be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or multiple downlink synchronization channels and / or one or multiple downlink broadcast channels and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel may be transmitted in a different direction by different beamforming. The frame length may be more than one possible value and configured based on the application scenario. For example, autonomous vehicles may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set to 5 ms for autonomous vehicle applications. As another example, smart meters on houses may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 20 ms for smart meter applications.
[0090] A subframe might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. For example, a frame may be defined to include slots, but no subframes. In frames in which a subframe is defined, e.g., for time domain alignment, the duration of the subframe may be configurable. For example, a subframe may be configured to have a length of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms or 0.5 ms or 1 ms or 2 ms or 5 ms, etc. In some embodiments, if a subframe is not needed in a particular scenario, then the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or not defined.
[0091] A slot might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. In frames in which a slot is defined, then the definition of a slot (e.g., in time duration and / or in number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the slot configuration is common to all UEs 110 or a group of UEs 110. For this case, the slot configuration information may be transmitted to the UEs 110 in a broadcast channel or common (or group) control channel (s) . In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be UE specific, in which case the slot configuration information may be transmitted in a UE-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the slot configuration signaling can be transmitted together with frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be transmitted independently from the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In general, the slot configuration may be system common, base station common, UE group common or UE specific.
[0092] The SCS may range from 15 KHz to 480 KHz. The SCS may vary with the frequency of the spectrum and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the impact of Doppler shift and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmission and reception frames and the SCS of symbols in the reception frame structure may be configured independently from the SCS of symbols in the transmission frame structure. The SCS in a reception frame may be different from the SCS in a transmission frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmission frame may be half the SCS of each reception frame. If the SCS between a reception frame and a transmission frame is different, the difference does not necessarily have to scale by a factor of two, e.g., if more flexible symbol durations are implemented using inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) instead of fast Fourier transform (FFT) . Additional examples of frame structures can be used with different SCSs.
[0093] The above mentioned configuration parameters may be signaled via, but not limited to, radio resource control (RRC) layer signaling, media access control (MAC) layer signaling, physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information) or any combination.
[0094] The basic transmission unit may be a symbol block (alternatively called a symbol) , which, in general, includes a redundancy portion (referred to as the CP) and an information (e.g., data) portion. In some embodiments, the CP may be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length may be flexible and configurable. The CP length may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and the CP length may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling. The information (e.g., data) portion may be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter relating to a symbol block that may be defined is ratio of CP duration to information (e.g., data) duration. In some embodiments, the symbol block length may be adjusted according to: a channel condition (e.g., multi-path delay, Doppler) ; and / or a latency requirement; and / or an available time duration. As another example, a symbol block length may be adjusted to fit an available time duration in the frame.
[0095] A frame may include both a downlink portion, for downlink transmissions from a base station 170, and an uplink portion, for uplink transmissions from the UEs 110. A gap may be present between each uplink and downlink portion, which gap is referred to as a switching gap. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. A switching gap duration may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and a switching gap duration may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling.
[0096] A device, such as a base station 170, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be called a component carrier (CC) . A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g., the center frequency of the carrier, the lowest frequency of the carrier, the highest frequency of the carrier or a reference point that is outside the carrier and an offset. A carrier may be on a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also, or instead, occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may comprise one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0097] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and, optionally, one or multiple uplink resources. A cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and, optionally, one or multiple downlink resources. A cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some embodiments, a cell may, instead or additionally, include one or multiple sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0098] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, or a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.
[0099] In some embodiments, a carrier may have one or more BWPs, e.g., a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous BWPs, etc. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers, e.g., a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may comprise non-contiguous spectrum resources, which consists of multiple non-contiguous multiple carriers, where the first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in the mmW band, the second carrier may be in a low band (such as the 2 GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in THz band and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in visible light band. Resources in one carrier which belong to the BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on one carrier.
[0100] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage, β / 2, of the total mean transmitted power, for example, the value of β / 2 is taken as 0.5%.
[0101] The carrier, the BWP or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., by a base station 170) dynamically, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as the known downlink control information (DCI) , or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in signaling in the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario; or be determined by the UE 110 as a function of other parameters that are known by the UE 110, or may be fixed, e.g., by a standard.
[0102] UE position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may, for example, include capacity, agility and efficiency. The improvement may be achieved when elements of the network exploit the position, the behavior, the mobility pattern, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0103] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including UE location in a global coordinate system, UE velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information and the information about the wireless environment. “Location” is also known as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of well-known sensing systems include RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system is typically separate from the communication system, it could be advantageous to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency or spatial resources needed to perform both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and open problem. The difficulty of the problem relates to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0104] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems.
[0105] Any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that perform sensing by transmitting and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication equipment that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communications and are, instead, dedicated to sensing. The sensing agent 174 in FIG. 2 is an example of a sensing node that is dedicated to sensing. Unlike the EDs 110 and BS 170, the sensing agent 174 does not transmit or receive communication signals. However, the sensing agent 174 may communicate configuration information, sensing information, signaling information, or other information within the communication system 100. The sensing agent 174 may be in communication with the core network 130 to communicate information with the rest of the communication system 100. By way of example, the sensing agent 174 may determine the location of the ED 110a, and transmit this information to the base station 170a via the core network 130. Although only one sensing agent 174 is shown in FIG. 2, any number of sensing agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more sensing agents may be implemented at one or more of the RANs 120.
[0106] A sensing node may combine sensing-based techniques with reference signal-based techniques to enhance UE pose determination. This type of sensing node may also be known as a sensing management function (SMF) . In some networks, the SMF may also be known as a location management function (LMF) . The SMF may be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 with connection to the multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF may be implemented as a logical entity co-located inside a BS 170 through logic carried out by the processor 260.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 5, an SMF 176, when implemented as a physically independent entity, includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286 and at least one memory 288. A transceiver, not shown, may be used instead of the transmitter 282 and the receiver 284. A scheduler 283 may be coupled to the processor 290. The scheduler 283 may be included within or operated separately from the SMF 176. The processor 290 implements various processing operations of the SMF 176, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing or any other functionality. The processor 290 can also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described in more detail above. Each processor 290 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processor 290 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array or application specific integrated circuit.
[0108] A reference signal-based pose determination technique belongs to an “active” pose estimation paradigm. In an active pose estimation paradigm, the enquirer of pose information (e.g., the UE 110) takes part in process of determining the pose of the enquirer. The enquirer may transmit or receive (or both) a signal specific to pose determination process. Positioning techniques based on a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) , such as the known Global Positioning System (GPS) , are other examples of the active pose estimation paradigm.
[0109] In contrast, a sensing-based technique, based on radar for example, may be considered as belonging to a “passive” pose determination paradigm. In a passive pose determination paradigm, the target is oblivious to the pose determination process.
[0110] By integrating sensing and communications in one system, the system need not operate according to only a single paradigm. Thus, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can yield enhanced pose determination.
[0111] The enhanced pose determination may, for example, include obtaining UE channel sub-space information, which is particularly useful for UE channel reconstruction at the sensing node, especially for a beam-based operation and communication. The UE channel sub-space is a subset of the entire algebraic space, defined over the spatial domain, in which the entire channel from the TP to the UE lies. Accordingly, the UE channel sub-space defines the TP-to-UE channel with very high accuracy. The signals transmitted over other sub-spaces result in a negligible contribution to the UE channel. Knowledge of the UE channel sub-space helps to reduce the effort needed for channel measurement at the UE and channel reconstruction at the network-side. Therefore, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques may enable the UE channel reconstruction with much less overhead as compared to traditional methods. Sub-space information can also facilitate sub-space-based sensing to reduce sensing complexity and improve sensing accuracy.
[0112] In some embodiments of integrated sensing and communication, a same radio access technology (RAT) is used for sensing and communication. This avoids the need to multiplex two different RATs under one carrier spectrum, or necessitating two different carrier spectrums for the two different RATs.
[0113] In embodiments that integrate sensing and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit a sensing signal and a second set of channels may be used to transmit a communications signal. In some embodiments, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel or a physical channel.
[0114] At the physical layer, communication and sensing may be performed via separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-Sis defined for sensing. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) , PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S, could be defined for uplink communication and sensing.
[0115] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH could be also used for both communication and sensing, with separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels defined for communication and sensing. Note also that control channel (s) and data channel (s) for sensing can have the same or different channel structure (format) , occupy same or different frequency bands or bandwidth parts.
[0116] In a further example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be used to carry control information for both sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels may be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-Sand PUCCH-C could be used for uplink control for sensing and communication respectively and PDCCH-Sand PDCCH-C for downlink control for sensing and communication respectively.
[0117] Different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication, at each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, are possible.
[0118] The term RADAR originates from the phrase Radio Detection and Ranging; however, expressions with different forms of capitalization (e.g., Radar and radar) are equally valid and now more common. Radar is typically used for detecting a presence and a location of an object. A radar system radiates radio frequency energy and receives echoes of the energy reflected from one or more targets. The system determines the pose of a given target based on the echoes returned from the given target. The radiated energy can be in the form of an energy pulse or a continuous wave, which can be expressed or defined by a particular waveform. Examples of waveforms used in radar include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms.
[0119] Radar systems can be monostatic, bi-static or multi-static. In a monostatic radar system, the radar signal transmitter and receiver are co-located, such as being integrated in a transceiver. In a bi-static radar system, the transmitter and receiver are spatially separated, and the distance of separation is comparable to, or larger than, the expected target distance (often referred to as the range) . In a multi-static radar system, two or more radar components are spatially diverse but with a shared area of coverage. A multi-static radar is also referred to as a multisite or netted radar.
[0120] Terrestrial radar applications encounter challenges such as multipath propagation and shadowing impairments. Another challenge is the problem of identifiability because terrestrial targets have similar physical attributes. Integrating sensing into a communication system is likely to suffer from these same challenges, and more.
[0121] Communication nodes can be either half-duplex or full-duplex. A half-duplex node cannot both transmit and receive using the same physical resources (time, frequency, etc. ) ; conversely, a full-duplex node can transmit and receive using the same physical resources. Existing commercial wireless communications networks are all half-duplex. Even if full-duplex communications networks become practical in the future, it is expected that at least some of the nodes in the network will still be half-duplex nodes because half-duplex devices are less complex, and have lower cost and lower power consumption. In particular, full-duplex implementation is more challenging at higher frequencies (e.g., in millimeter wave bands) and very challenging for small and low-cost devices, such as femtocell base stations and UEs.
[0122] The limitation of half-duplex nodes in the communications network presents further challenges toward integrating sensing and communications into the devices and systems of the communications network. For example, both half-duplex and full-duplex nodes can perform bi-static or multi-static sensing, but monostatic sensing typically requires the sensing node have full-duplex capability. A half-duplex node may perform monostatic sensing with certain limitations, such as in a pulsed radar with a specific duty cycle and ranging capability.
[0123] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for a sensing signal include ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) , cyclic prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0124] In an embodiment, the sensing signal is a linear chirp signal with bandwidth B and time duration T. Such a linear chirp signal is generally known from its use in FMCW radar systems. A linear chirp signal is defined by an increase in frequency from an initial frequency, fchirp0, at an initial time, tchirp0, to a final frequency, fchirp1, at a final time, tchirp1 where the relation between the frequency (f) and time (t) can be expressed as a linear relation of f-fchirp0=α (t-tchirp0) , where is defined as the chirp slope. The bandwidth of the linear chirp signal may be defined as B=fchirp1-fchirp0 and the time duration of the linear chirp signal may be defined as T=tchirp1-tchirp0. Such linear chirp signal can be presented as in the baseband representation.
[0125] Precoding, as used herein, may refer to any coding operation (s) or modulation (s) that transform an input signal into an output signal. Precoding may be performed in different domains and typically transforms the input signal in a first domain to an output signal in a second domain. Precoding may include linear operations.
[0126] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also, or instead, be implemented on or in water. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge coverage gaps in underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through the use of non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to establishing global, seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions. In the current case, it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0127] The terrestrial communication system may be a wireless communications system using 5G technology and / or later generation wireless technology (e.g., 6G or later) . In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also accommodate some legacy wireless technologies (e.g., 3G or 4G wireless technology) . The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using satellite constellations, like conventional Geo-Stationary Orbit (GEO) satellites, which utilize broadcast public / popular contents to a local server. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which are known to establish a better balance between large coverage area and propagation path-loss / delay. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using stabilized satellites in very low earth orbits (VLEO) technologies, thereby substantially reducing the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using high altitude platforms (HAPs) , which are known to provide a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or unmanned aerial system, “UAS” ) achieving a dense deployment, since their coverage can be limited to a local area, such as airborne, balloon, quadcopter, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be horizontal and two-dimensional. In some examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be coupled to integrate satellite communications to cellular networks. Emerging 3D vertical networks consist of many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0128] MIMO technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP may use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. It follows that multiple antennas may be utilized at the receiver. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may bond parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0129] In recent years, a MIMO (large-scale MIMO) wireless communication system with the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from academia and industry. In the large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (see antennas 256 and antennas 280 in FIG. 3) . The T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally operable to serve dozens (such as 40) of EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 can greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and, to a large extent, reduce interference between cells. The increase of the number of antennas allows for each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size with a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 of each cell can communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectral efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 is reduced and the power efficiency is correspondingly increased. When the antenna number of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 can approach orthogonality such that interference between cells and users and the effect of noise can be reduced. The plurality of advantages described hereinbefore enable large-scale MIMO to have a magnificent application prospect.
[0130] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to transmit (Tx) antenna and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which the plurality of antennas are arranged in line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.
[0131] A non-exhaustive list of possible unit or possible configurable parameters or in some embodiments of a MIMO system include: a panel; and a beam.
[0132] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or antenna array, or antenna sub-array, which unit can control a Tx beam or a Rx beam independently.
[0133] A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or a Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space. Beam information may include a beam identifier, or an antenna port (s) identifier, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or an SSB resource identifier, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.
[0134] In current 5G systems, a T-TRP 170 transmits, to a UE 110, configuration information. The configuration information may include information on a plurality of TCI states. The plurality of TCI states may be shown to allow the UE 110 to use different QCL assumption types as a source / reference when detecting and decoding PDSCHs. For example, the known QCL assumption Type D may be used to indicate a QCL assumption type that is based on a spatial Rx beam. Notably, the term spatial Rx “filter” is often used interchangeably with the term spatial Rx beam. The practical meaning for the UE 110 is that whatever spatial Rx beam the UE 110 uses when detecting and demodulating a source reference signal (e.g., SS / PBCH block or non-zero-power CSI-RS) , the UE 110 can use the same spatial Rx beam when detecting and decoding the PDSCH.
[0135] Each TCI state may be understood to correspond to a given source reference signal, with an implicit understanding that different source reference signals are transmitted using different Tx beams. Each distinct Tx beam may be understood to arrive at the UE 110 with a distinct azimuth angle and / or a distinct zenith angle. It follows that each distinct Tx beam is received using a correspondingly distinct spatial Rx beam.
[0136] Additionally, the T-TRP 170 may use MAC-CE activation / deactivation commands to activate specific TCI states. 5G NR Rel-15 and Rel-17 provide frameworks for activating specific TCI states. The T-TRP 170 may activate up to a certain upper limit (usually eight) of TCI states at a time. Based on the activated TCI states, the T-TRP 170 may use a DCI format to indicate a particular TCI state, among the activated TCI states, for the UE 110 to use for the purpose of PDSCH detection and decoding. The DCI format may be shown to contain a TCI field, which indicates a code-point. The bit-width of the TCI field is equal to the number of activated TCI states. The code-point may be shown to be interpreted, by the UE 110, so that the UE 110 may use the particular TCI state, selected from among the plurality of active TCI states, for PDSCH detection and decoding. It is known that the UE 110 may rely upon the TCI / QCL framework for establishing an association between individual beams and source reference signals. Such an association allows the UE 110 to appropriately perform detection and decoding of the PDCCH / PDSCH.
[0137] The current 5G NR framework of TCI states and QCL assumption types defines QCL relationships between reference signals and logical channels. Notably, it may be shown that application of the current 5G NR framework of TCI states and QCL assumption types to joint TN / NTN deployments would involve configuring TCI states for a terrestrial network layer and a non-terrestrial network layer. Accordingly, switching from a terrestrial network layer to a non-terrestrial network layer would involve frequent dynamic signaling. It can be anticipated that the amount of over-the-air signaling overhead would easily exceed tolerable levels. It should be clear that the current TCI / QCL framework was designed for use by cellular TRPs, where individual TRPs can transmit in the order of several tens of beams concurrently for all of the functions that are involved in operating in a cellular communication system. However, it may be shown that non-terrestrial TRPs, such as satellites and HAPS, may transmit in the order of several hundreds of beams. It follows that carrying out, at the UE 110, certain techniques, such as beam sweeping, would involve an relatively enormous amount of time and processing power.
[0138] The current QCL framework format may be considered to be restrictive in that the current QCL framework format fails to allow for indicating, for instance, QCL assumption Type C and QCL assumption Type D together. QCL assumption Type C corresponds to a QCL relationship of average delay and Doppler Shift and QCL assumption Type D corresponds to a QCL relationship of the spatial Rx beam. For non-terrestrial communications in beam-based scenarios, it may be seen as useful for there to be an ability to indicate QCL relationships jointly for spatial Rx beams, average delay and Doppler Shift.
[0139] Aspects of the present application relate to enhancements to the known TCI / QCL framework. The enhancements may be considered to be of particular use in networks that make use of non-terrestrial TRPs (such as satellites, HAPS and UAVs) . Further aspects of the present application relate to at least one new QCL assumption Type definition, which may be referenced as QCL assumption Type E. The use of QCL assumption Type E may allow a UE 110 to generate spatial Rx / Tx filters based on non-terrestrial TRP location. The UE 110 may employ a QCL assumption type that specifies that the signal experiences a consistent propagation delay. Even further aspects of the present application relate to new TCI states for signals and channels transmitted by the non-terrestrial TRPs. A new TCI state may be shown to allow a UE 110 to use the new QCL assumption Type to, thereby, enable QCL-based operation for communication with non-terrestrial TRPs. Still further aspects of the present application relate to timing indication for beam hopping, where the TCI state further includes information regarding beam timing, periodicity, offset relative to the system frame boundary, etc.
[0140] In operation, the UE 110 may connect with an NT-TRP 172, such as a satellite, using, e.g., a known initial access procedure. As a consequence of connecting with the NT-TRP 172, the UE 110 may be considered to be connected with a radio access network 120C (see FIG. 2) . The NT-TRP 172 in the radio access network may transmit a higher-layer signaling message (e.g., an RRC signaling message) to the UE 110. The message may carry basic, higher-layer configuration parameters that allow the UE 110 to detect and decode PDCCHs / PDSCHs and transmit PUCCHs / PUSCHs.
[0141] Assuming that the UE 110 has completed the initial access procedure with the NT-TRP 172 (which may be, for three examples, a satellite, a HAPS or a UAV) , the NT-TRP 172 may follow a certain orbit or trajectory whose information is provided to the UE 110 in NTN TCI state information (in the form of, e.g., ephemeris information or trajectory information) . Additionally, the NT-TRP 172 may, to mitigate a degree to which UEs 110 on the ground experiences inter-beam interference, use a beam hopping pattern. Inter-beam interference refers to interference caused by the transmission of multiple satellite beams using the same, or similar, time and frequency resources.
[0142] FIG. 6 illustrates an NT-TRP 172 transmitting a set of beams toward the ground. In FIG. 6, some coverage areas served by beams that the NT-TRP 172 is transmitting to the ground in a given time slot, t, are associated with a reference number 602. In contrast, some other coverage areas served by beams that the NT-TRP 172 is not transmitting to the ground in a given time slot, t, are associated with reference numbers 606, 608 and 610. In other time slots, the NT-TRP 172 may transmit beams that reach the ground at coverage areas associated with the reference number 606.
[0143] Spacing out different satellite beams occupying the same time and frequency resources may be shown to result in a reduction in the amount of so-called inter-beam interference. This reduction may be shown to help the UEs 110 on the ground experience better signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratios (SINRs) . This technique of allowing adjacent spatial beams to occupy different time and / or frequency resources is typically called “Beam Hopping” and may, alternatively, be called “Time Division Multiplexing of Beams” and / or “Frequency Division Multiplexing of Beams. ” Other names may be given to such schemes but the practical outcome may be shown to be equivalent.
[0144] FIG. 7 illustrates the NT-TRP 172 transmitting a set of beams toward the ground. The beams transmitted in FIG. 7 are distinct from the beams transmitted in FIG. 6.
[0145] Consider, in view of FIG. 7, an example wherein it is assumed that a UE 110 is served by a beam that reaches the ground at one of coverage areas associated with the reference number 606. As the NT-TRP 172 moves along a trajectory 704, the beams providing coverage to the UEs on the ground may change. That is, even if the UE 110 remains stationary, the UE 110 may not always receive one of the beams that originally served the coverage areas associated with the reference number 606. This change may be viewed as a natural consequence of the NT-TRP 172 moving along the trajectory 704 (or orbit) . This change may also be viewed as a natural consequence of a beam hopping scheme playing out in the time domain. The beams that reach the ground at one of coverage areas associated with the reference number 606 in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 may only be transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 in specific time slots. Based on an assumption type that specifies that the NT-TRP 172 does not change the way its beams are being steered, it can be anticipated that, after a time, the UE 110 of FIG. 7 will no longer be able to detect any signals or channels being transmitted using the beams that reached the ground at one of coverage areas associated with the reference number 606 in FIG. 7 because, even though the UE 110 has remained stationary, the UE 110 is no longer in one of the locations being covered by those beams.
[0146] Aspects of the present application relate to defining a new QCL assumption. Since the known QCL assumptions include Type-A, Type-B, Type-C and Type-D, it follows that a first new QCL assumption type defined herein may be called “Type-E. ” The Type-E QCL assumption type may be understood to define a relationship including a spatial Rx filter, an average delay and a Doppler shift. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-E indicates that the UE 110 should record an indication of the spatial Rx filter the UE 110 used to detect and demodulate a reference signal, an indication of the average delay the UE 110 was able to estimate from the reference signal and an indication of the Doppler Shift that was exhibited by the reference signal. The UE 110 may subsequently apply the recorded spatial Rx filter, the recorded average delay and the recorded Doppler shift when the UE 110 is receiving a corresponding downlink logical channel, e.g., a PDCCH or a PDSCH.
[0147] FIG. 8 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information 800. To accommodate the new QCL assumption type proposed herein, the NTN TCI state information 800, includes a “fallback-QCL” field 802. The fallback-QCL field 802 may reference a QCL information block 804. The QCL information block 804 may include a source reference signal indication 806. The source reference signal indication 806 within the QCL information block 804 may, for example, reference one of a GNSS reference signal, an SS / PBCH block or a non-zero-power (NZP) CSI-RS. The QCL information block 804 may further include information about a corresponding serving cell configuration index and / or a corresponding BWP. A QCL assumption type may be chosen from among a set of QCL assumption types listed in a QCL-Type field 808 within the QCL information block 804. The QCL-Type field 808 is illustrated, in FIG. 8, as including {Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, Type-D, Type-E, Type-F} .
[0148] The term “GNSS reference signal” is used herein to cover a broad range of reference signals, including reference signals used in known systems referred to as BeiDou, GLONASS, GPS and Galileo.
[0149] Other new QCL assumption types may also be defined. As one example, a second new QCL assumption type defined herein may be called “Type-F. ” The QCL assumption Type-F may define a QCL relationship based on the spatial Rx filter and the average delay. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-F indicates, to the UE 110, that the UE 110 should record an indication of the spatial Rx filter the UE 110 used to detect and demodulate the reference signal referenced in the source reference signal indication 806 of the QCL information block 804. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-F also indicates, to the UE 110, that the UE 110 should record an indication of the average delay the UE 110 was able to estimate from the reference signal.
[0150] The UE 110 may subsequently apply the recorded spatial Rx filter and the recorded average delay when the UE 110 is detecting and decoding other reference signals. The UE 110 may subsequently apply the recorded spatial Rx filter and the recorded average delay when the UE 110 is detecting and decoding a logical channel, e.g., a PDCCH or a PDSCH.
[0151] In a similar example, the QCL assumption Type-E may define the QCL relationship as being based on the spatial Rx filter, the average delay and the Doppler Shift. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-E indicates, to the UE 110, that the UE 110 should record an indication of the spatial Rx filter the UE used to detect and demodulate the reference signal referenced in the source reference signal indication 806 of the QCL information block 804. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-E indicates, to the UE 110, that the UE 110 should record an indication of the average delay the UE was able to estimate from the reference signal referenced in the source reference signal indication 806 of the QCL information block 804. In practice, the QCL assumption Type-E indicates, to the UE 110, that the UE 110 should record the Doppler Shift the UE 110 was able to estimate from the reference signal referenced in the source reference signal indication 806 of the QCL information block 804. The UE 110 may subsequently apply the recorded spatial Rx filter, the recorded average delay and the recorded Doppler Shift when the UE 110 is detecting and decoding other reference signals. The UE 110 may subsequently apply the recorded spatial Rx filter, the recorded average delay and the recorded Doppler Shift when the UE 110 is detecting and decoding a logical channel, e.g., a PDCCH or a PDSCH.
[0152] It should be clear that further QCL assumption types may be defined in a similar manner.
[0153] Restrictions may apply in terms of how the QCL information may be configured for a NT-TRP 172. For instance, if a TCI state is used to indicate the QCL assumption Type- E or the QCL assumption Type-F, then it is expected that the NT-TRP 172 to which the UE 110 is linked has serving cell index equal to zero.
[0154] As an alternative, a QCL-Type field may be implemented as a sequence, wherein a set of QCL assumption types are explicitly listed. FIG. 9 illustrates an example block of NTN TCI state information 900 including a TCI state information element 901. The TCI state information element 901 includes a Fallback-Qcl field 910 including a reference to a QCL information block 904. A QCL-Type field 908 is included within the QCL information block 904. A set of QCL assumption types are explicitly listed in the QCL-Type field 908.
[0155] Aspects of the present application relate to a new NTN TCI state. The new NTN TCI state includes trajectory information in the form of a trajectory information block. The trajectory Information block may include a location of a NT-TRP 172 and a velocity of the NT-TRP 172. In a scenario wherein a UE 110 has determined its own position, thanks to, for example, positioning measurements, and wherein the UE 110 has obtained, from the new NTN TCI state, the location of the NT-TRP 172, the UE 110 may be shown to have an ability to derive an appropriate spatial Rx filter.
[0156] FIG. 10 illustrates an example NTN TCI state 1000. The example NTN TCI state 1000 of FIG. 10 includes a TCI state information element 1001. The TCI state information element 1001 includes a trajectoryInfo field 1009 including a reference to a Trajectory Information block and a Fallback-QCL field 1010 including a reference to a QCL information block.
[0157] The position of the NT-TRP 172 may be given in coordinates, (x, y, z) , in the so-called earth-centered, earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system. Each coordinate may be quantized over a certain number of bits. FIG. 11 illustrates an example Trajectory Information block 1100 of the type that may be referenced by the trajectoryInfo field 1009 in the example NTN TCI state 1000 of FIG. 10. In the example Trajectory Information block 1100 of FIG. 11, each coordinate, among a representation of three coordinates 1102 for the NT-TRP 172, is quantized over 26 bits. The example Trajectory Information block 1100 of FIG. 11 also includes three velocity vector coordinates 1104, which are also quantized over 26 bits. It should be clear that 26-bit quantization is provided as an example and that quantization may be implemented over fewer than 26 bits or more that 26 bits, depending on positioning accuracy requirements.
[0158] Aspects of the present application relate to expanding the known definition of a TCI state information element to include, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the reference to the Trajectory Information block 1100 in the trajectoryInfo field 1009 alongside the reference to the QCL information block in the Fallback-QCL field 1010. By locating a reference to the trajectory information block 1100 and a reference to the QCL information block under the same TCI state information element 1001, there is implied a QCL relationship wherein the fallback QCL is associated with the information included in the Trajectory Information block 1100.
[0159] Aspects of the present application relate to including, in a new NTN TCI state, beam timing information.
[0160] FIG. 12 illustrates an example NTN TCI state 1200. The example NTN TCI state 1200 of FIG. 11 includes a TCI state information element 1201. The TCI state information element 1201 includes a trajectoryInfo field 1209 including a reference to a Trajectory Information block and a Fallback-QCL field 1210 including a reference to a QCL information block. The TCI state information element 1201 also includes a tdmPattern field 1211 including a reference to a TDMBeamPattern information block.
[0161] By including, in the example NTN TCI state 1200 of FIG. 12, beam timing information, a UE 110 that receives, from an NT-TRP 172, the example NTN TCI state 1200 of FIG. 12 may obtain a beam hopping pattern used by the NT-TRP 172. Conveniently, it may be shown that the UE 110, having obtained the beam hopping pattern, consumes less power than a UE 110 that has not obtained the beam hopping pattern. Indeed, the UE 110 that has obtained the beam hopping pattern may be expected to only attempt to detect beams when the beams are actually being transmitted.
[0162] FIG. 13 illustrates an example time division multiplexing (TDM) Beam Pattern (TDMBeamPattern) information element 1300 of the type that may be referenced by the tdmPattern field 1211 in the example NTN TCI state 1200 of FIG. 12. Useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern is included in the example TDMBeamPattern information element 1300 of FIG. 13. All of the fields in the TDMBeamPattern information element 1300 are illustrated as mandatory fields, which means that every field must be present in the information element when the higher-layer signaling message includes an object of type TDMBeamPattern. It should be noted that each of these fields may also be designated as optional fields, through the further inclusion of the “OPTIONAL” key word defined in Abstract Syntax Notation One (or ASN. 1 in short) .
[0163] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a beamPeriodicity parameter 1312, which may be expressed, e.g., as a number of slots. It follows that corresponding beams are transmitted with a periodicity of beamPeriodicity slots.
[0164] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a beamOffset parameter 1313, which may be expressed, e.g., as a number of slots. It follows that corresponding beams are transmitted with an offset of beamOffset slots relative to a reference slot.
[0165] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a sfnPattern parameter 1314, which may be expressed, e.g., as a bit string that indicates corresponding slots within a system frame in which beams are transmitted. In some embodiments, the sfnPattern bit string can be interpreted such that the left-most bit is the Most Significant Bit (MSB) , wherein the left-most bit corresponds to the first slot of the system frame, and such that the right-most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) , wherein the right-most bit corresponds to the last slot of the system frame. In some embodiments, the sfnPattern bit string is generated such that every bit position where a ‘1’ is located corresponds to a slot where the UE 110 is expected to detect and measure beams transmitted by the NT-TRP 172, and every bit position where a ‘0’ is located corresponds to a slot where the UE 110 is expected to save power and not detect and measure beams transmitted by the NT-TRP 172.
[0166] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a numberOfActiveBeams parameter 1315, which may be used to indicate a number of beams that are transmitted within a given slot and, therefore, the number of beams that have the ability to interfere with each other.
[0167] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a activeBeamIdentities parameter 1316, which may be used to indicate respective beam identities that may be used to initialize reference signal sequences associated with corresponding beams.
[0168] In some embodiments, the useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern may include multiple sfnPattern parameters 1314, where each sfnPattern parameter 1314 is associated with a given value in the activeBeamIdentities parameter 1316. The association may be done in various ways. In a first way, the first sfnPattern parameter 1314 is associated with the first value in the activeBeamIdentities parameter 1316, the second sfnPattern parameter 1314 is associated with the second value in the activeBeamIdentities parameter 1316, and so on. In a second way, the NTN TCI state 1200 includes an activeBeamIdentityToSfnPattern parameter (not shown) , which has the same number of elements as the activeBeamIdentities parameter 1316 and the values in the activeBeamIdentityToSfnPattern indicate the position of the corresponding SFN pattern in the sfnPattern parameter 1314.
[0169] Aspects of the present application relate to expanding the known definition of a TCI state information element to include, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the reference to TDMBeamPattern information element 1300 in the tdmPattern field 1211 alongside the reference to the QCL information block in the Fallback-QCL field 1010. By locating a reference to the TDMBeamPattern information element 1300 and a reference to the QCL information block under the same TCI state information element 1201, there is implied a QCL relationship wherein the fallback QCL is associated with the information included in the TDMBeamPattern information element 1300.
[0170] Aspects of the present application relate to including, within NTN TCI state information, beam frequency information.
[0171] FIG. 14 illustrates an example NTN TCI state 1400. The example NTN TCI state 1400 of FIG. 14 includes a TCI state information element 1401. The TCI state information element 1401 includes a Fallback-QCL field 1410 including a reference to a QCL information block. The TCI state information element 1401 also includes an fdmPattern field 1417 including a reference to a FDMBeamPattern information block.
[0172] FIG. 15 illustrates an example frequency division multiplexing (FDM) Beam Pattern (FDMBeamPattern) information element 1500 of the type that may be referenced by the fdmPattern field 1417 in the example NTN TCI state 1400 of FIG. 14. Useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern is included in the example FDMBeamPattern information element 1500 of FIG. 15. All of the fields in the FDMBeamPattern information element 1500 are illustrated as mandatory fields, which means that every field must be present in the information element when the higher-layer signaling message includes an object of type FDMBeamPattern. It should be noted that each of these fields may also be designated as optional fields, through the further inclusion of the “OPTIONAL” key word defined in Abstract Syntax Notation One (or ASN. 1 in short) .
[0173] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a startingRB parameter 1518, which may be implemented as a physical resource block identifier. Implementation of the startingRB parameter 1518 as a physical resource block identifier is based on an assumption that a higher physical resource block identifier corresponds to a higher physical resource block frequency. That is, corresponding beams are transmitted on frequency resources starting at the physical resource block identified by the startingRB parameter 1518.
[0174] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a nrofRBs parameter 1519, which may be expressed, e.g., as a number of contiguous physical resource blocks. That is, corresponding beams are transmitted on a total of nrofRBs physical resource blocks starting at the physical resource block identified by the startingRB parameter 1519.
[0175] In some embodiments, the useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern in the frequency domain may correspond to a set of non-contiguous physical resource blocks. In such cases, the set of non-contiguous physical resource blocks can be expressed as a set of one or more sets of contiguous physical resource blocks and, for each set of contiguous physical resource blocks, the UE 110 may be provided with the corresponding higher-layer parameters startingRB and nrofRBs.
[0176] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a numberOfActiveBeams parameter 1520, which may be used to indicate a number of beams that are transmitted within a given slot and, therefore, the number of beams that have the ability to interfere with each other.
[0177] The useful information for defining a given beam hopping pattern includes a activeBeamIdentities parameter 1521, which may be used to indicate respective beam identities that may be used to initialize reference signal sequences associated with corresponding beams.
[0178] Aspects of the present application relate to expanding the known definition of a TCI state information element to include, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the reference to FDMBeamPattern information element 1500 in the fdmPattern field 1417 alongside the reference to the QCL information block in the Fallback-QCL field 1410. By locating a reference to the FDMBeamPattern information element 1500 and a reference to the QCL information block under the same TCI state information element 1401, there is implied a QCL relationship wherein the fallback QCL is associated with the information included in the FDMBeamPattern information element 1500.
[0179] By including, within the NTN TCI state information, the beam frequency information, an NT-TRP 172 may allow a UE 110, in receipt of the beam frequency information, to obtain a beam hopping pattern used by the NT-TRP 172. Conveniently, it may be shown that the UE 110, having obtained the beam hopping pattern, consumes less power than a UE 110 that has not obtained the beam hopping pattern. Indeed, the UE 110 that has obtained the beam hopping pattern may be expected to only attempt to detect beams when the beams are actually being transmitted.
[0180] Aspects of the present application relate to different ways in which NTN TCI states can be associated with a TrajectoryInfo information element (IE) , a TDMBeamPattern IE and an FDMBeamPattern IE. It has been discussed, hereinbefore, that the NTN TCI State IE may be expanded to explicitly include a TrajectoryInfo IE, a TDMBeamPattern IE and a FDMBeamPattern IE. However, it may be shown that including the various IEs in an expanded NTN TCI State IE results in an increase in a memory footprint for the NTN TCI State IE. Accordingly, the solutions discussed hereinbefore may be shown to result in unnecessary memory consumption when multiple NTN TCI state IEs are to refer to the same TrajectoryInfo IE and / or to the same TDMBeamPattern IE and / or to the same FDMBeamPattern IE.
[0181] To enable the association of the NTN TCI state IE with a TrajectoryInfo IE and / or a TDMBeamPattern IE and / or a FDMBeamPattern IE, it is proposed herein to expand the NTN TCI State IE with an identifier (e.g., a “trajectoryInfoId” ) of a TrajectoryInfo IE and / or with an identifier (e.g., a “tdmPatternId” ) of a TDMBeamPattern IE and / or with an identifier of a FDMBeamPattern IE. It may be shown that such identifiers provide for a more efficient solution, as the identifiers may be implemented as integer values. It follows that multiple NTN TCI state IEs may reference the same identifier for a given TrajectoryInfo IE and / or a given TDMBeamPattern IE and / or a given FDMBeamPattern IE.
[0182] FIG. 16 illustrates an example NTN TCI state 1600. The example NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16 includes a TCI state information element 1601. The TCI state information element 1601 includes a Fallback-QCL field 1610 including a reference to a QCL information block. The TCI state information element 1601 also includes a trajectoryInfoId field 1641 including a reference to a trajectoryInfoId, a tdmPatternId field 1642 including a reference to a tdmPatternId and a fdmPatternId field 1643 including a reference to a fdmPatternId.
[0183] The example NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16 includes a TrajectoryInfo IE 1630 that may be identified by a value in a trajectoryInfoId field 1631. The example NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16 also includes a TDMBeamPattern IE 1632 that may be identified by a value in a tdmPatternId field 1633. The example NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16 further includes an FDMBeamPattern IE 1634 that may be identified by a value in an fdmPatternId field 1635.
[0184] In some other embodiments, the NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16 includes a logical identifier (not shown) named, e.g., beamTimingInformationId, which references a BeamTimingInformation IE that includes TrajectoryInfo IE, a TDMBeamPattern IE, a FDMBeamPattern IE and a beamTimingInformationId field. A value in the beamTimingInformationId field may, for example, be a positive integer value. The presence of the beamTimingInformationId logical identifier in the NTN TCI state 1600 may be shown to help to create an association between the NTN TCI state 1600 and the BeamTimingInformation IE with the same value of beamTimingInformationId.
[0185] In some embodiments, the UE may indicate its capability in terms of beam hopping through a UE Capability Response message, which may be sent, by the UE, in response to a received UE Capability Request message. The UE may indicate the values it supports for the beamPeriodicity parameter 1312 (ahigher-layer signaling parameter) in, e.g., a number of slots. The UE may indicate the maximum number of active beam it supports for the numberOfActiveBeams parameter 1520 (ahigher-layer signaling parameter) in, e.g., a number of beams. The UE may indicate the maximum number of TDM Beam Patterns it supports in terms of TDMBeamPattern IEs. The UE may indicate the maximum number of FDM Beam Patterns it supports in terms of FDMBeamPattern IEs.
[0186] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may store a list of NTN TCI states (similar to the NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16) in a PDSCH configuration IE. The list may be referenced as a ntnTciStatesToAddModList and may be associated with the serving cell configuration associated with the NT-TRP 172. The NT-TRP 172 may further activate / deactivate NTN TCI states using MAC-CE commands dedicated to the purpose of NTN TCI state activation / deactivation. The following Table 1 is an example of a MAC-CE command activating one NTN TCI state:
[0187] Table 1
[0188] This example MAC-CE command has a variable size, with each row representing an octet, which is a sequence of eight bits. The first octet may be used to indicate a bandwidth part identity, a control resource set identity and a serving cell configuration identity. The second octet corresponds to a NTN TCI state included in a TCI state list, where one field is used to provide the TCI state identity over seven bits and one field is used to indicate whether the TCI state identity belongs to a TN TCI state list or an NTN TCI state list. As an example, the “NTN / TN TCI state list” field is configured with the value of “0” to indicate that the TCI state identity belongs to the NTN TCI state list and the “TCI-StateId” field is configured with the value of “3” to activate the NTN TCI state whose tci-StateId value is equal to “3. ” All other TCI states configured in the NTN TCI state list whose “tci-StateId” field is not equal to “3” are deactivated as a result of receiving and decoding the MAC-CE command. There may be restrictions on the number of activated NTN TCI states. As an example: there may be only one active or activated NTN TCI state at any given time, i.e., there should only be one row indicating one value for the field “TCI-StateId” for a given TCI state list. In an alternative embodiment, consider an example of the MAC-CE command activating one NTN TCI state as following Table 2:
[0189] Table 2
[0190] This example MAC-CE command has a variable size where each row represents an octet, which is a sequence of eight bits. The first octet may be used to indicate a bandwidth part identity, a control resource set identity and a serving cell configuration identity. The second octet corresponds to a NTN TCI state included in a TCI state list, where one field is used to provide the TCI state identity over seven bits and seven fields are used to refer to the first seven TCI states in the NTN TCI state list. As an example, the “NTN / TN TCI state list” field is configured with the value of “0” to indicate that the TCI state identity belongs to the NTN TCI state list and the “TCI State activation / deactivation status” field in the 4th position (starting from the right) is configured with the value of “1” to activate the NTN TCI state whose tci-StateId value is equal to “3” . The “TCI State activation / deactivation status” fields in any other position are configured with the value of “0” to deactivate the corresponding NTN TCI state. We may assume that the “TCI State activation / deactivation status” fields are read from right to left, where the first position would correspond to a “tci-StateId” value equal to “0” and the seventh position would correspond to a “tci-StateId” value equal to “6. ” Other implementations and mappings of fields within MAC-CE commands can be contemplated. All other TCI states configured in the NTN TCI state list whose “tci-StateId” field is not equal to “3” are deactivated as a result of receiving and decoding the MAC-CE command.
[0191] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may store a list of NTN TCI states (similar to the NTN TCI state 1600 of FIG. 16) in the bandwidth part IE (which may be denoted as BWP-DownlinkConfig or BWP-UplinkConfig) of the serving cell configuration associated with the NT-TRP 172. In some alternative embodiments, the UE 110 may store a list of NTN TCI states in the serving cell configuration IE (which may be denoted as ServingCellConfig) associated with the NT-TRP 172. In some further alternative embodiments, the UE 110 may store a list of NTN TCI states outside of serving cell configuration IEs, in, e.g., a UE variable which may be denoted as varNTNTCIStateList. This UE variable may be associated with the NT-TRP 172 through a dedicated field included in the varNTNTCIStateList UE variable, e.g., associatedServingCellConfigId whose value corresponds to the value in the servCellIndex field in the ServingCellConfig IE.
[0192] In some embodiments, there may be some restrictions in terms of how the NTN TCI state 1600 can be configured. In a first example: the UE 110 expects the NTN TCI state 1600 to be configured with the qcl-Type field set to one of ‘typeD, ’ ‘typeE’ or ‘typeF, ’ with any other QCL assumption type being treated, by the UE 110, as an invalid value. In a second example: the UE 110 expects the NTN TCI state 1600 to be configured with the value in the referenceSignal field set to one of ‘GNSS-ResourceId, ’ or ‘NZP-CSI-ResourceId’ or ‘SSB-Index. ’ In a third example: the UE 110 expects the NTN TCI state 1600 to be configured with the qcl-Type field set to ‘typeE’ when the referenceSignal field is set to ‘GNSS-ResourceId, ’ with any other configuration being treated, by the UE 110, as an invalid NTN TCI state configuration. In a fourth example: the UE 110 expects the NTN TCI state 1600 to be configured with the qcl-Type field set to ‘typeF’ when the referenceSignal field is set to ‘GNSS-ResourceId’ or ‘SSB-Index, ’ with any other configuration being treated, by the UE 110, as an invalid NTN TCI state configuration.
[0193] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0194] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0195] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0196] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0197] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0198] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0199] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0200] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0201] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0202] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0203] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource.
[0204] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0205] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0206] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0207] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0208] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0209] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0210] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDSCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0211] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0212] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0213] In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for the DM-RS of a PDCCH, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0214] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0215] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0216] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of Beam Management, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0217] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-E’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0218] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0219] In some embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a CSI-RS resource for the function of CSI reporting, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0220] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a GNSS resource in a GNSS-RS-ResourceSet.
[0221] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a NZP CSI-RS resource in a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet.
[0222] In some embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block and the UE 110 shall expect the indicated TCI state to be configured with the higher layer parameter trajectoryInfo and / or tdmBeamPattern and / or fdmBeamPattern. In other embodiments, for a periodic or semi-persistent CSI-RS resource, if the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, the UE 110 shall expect an indicated TCI state to include the QCL assumption type ‘type-F’ with a SS / PBCH block.
[0223] The above embodiments may also apply when the UE 110 is configured with a list of NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the varTciStatesToAddModList UE variable, which is configured independently of any serving cell configuration.
[0224] In the above embodiments, the function of Beam Management may include any one of the following functions: Beam Failure Detection; Beam Failure Recovery; physical layer Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) measurement; physical layer signal to interference and noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement; and Beam Failure Prevention.
[0225] In the above embodiments, if the UE 110 is not configured with a list of TN TCI states tnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE, then the UE 110 shall expect to be configured with a list to NTN TCI states ntnTciStatesToAddModList within the servingCellConfig IE or any IE configured within the servingCellConfig IE.
[0226] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, data may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. Data may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. Data may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0227] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the Figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0228] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving, from a non-terrestrial device, a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption; andreceiving, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the QCL assumption comprises a QCL assumption for the non-terrestrial device.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the configuration parameters comprise trajectory information for the non-terrestrial device.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the trajectory information comprises a plurality of coordinates representative of a position of the non-terrestrial device.5.The method of claim 4, wherein each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, comprises a geographic coordinate in a three-dimensional space.6.The method of claim 4, wherein each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, is represented with a given number of bits of quantization.7.The method of claim 3, wherein the trajectory information comprises a plurality of coordinates representative of a velocity of the non-terrestrial device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, comprises a geographic coordinate in a three-dimensional space.9.The method of claim 7, wherein each coordinate, among the plurality of coordinates, is represented with a given number of bits of quantization.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the configuration parameters comprise time division multiplexing beam patterns.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the configuration parameters include one or more of a beam periodicity, a beam offset, a system frame number pattern, a maximum number of active beams and a set of beam identities.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the configuration parameters comprise frequency division multiplexing beam patterns.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the configuration parameters include a starting resource block, a number of resource blocks, a maximum number of active beams, a set of beam identities.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the non-terrestrial device comprises a satellite, an element of a high altitude platform system, or an unmanned aerial vehicle.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the exchanging communication comprises carrying out an initial access procedure.16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the signaling message comprises a higher-layer signaling message.17.The method of claim 16, wherein higher-layer signaling message comprises a radio resource control signaling message.18.The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the physical downlink channel comprises a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel.19.The method of any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising transmitting a physical uplink channel, based on the configuration parameters.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the physical uplink channel comprises a physical uplink control channel or comprises a physical uplink shared channel.21.The method of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the receiving comprises:detecting the physical downlink channel; anddecoding the physical downlink channel.22.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor coupled to a memory storing computer-readable instructions caused, by executing the computer-readable instructions, to:receive, from the non-terrestrial device, a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption; andreceive, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.23.A method for carrying out at a non-terrestrial device, the method comprising:transmitting, by the non-terrestrial device to a user equipment (UE) , a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters; andtransmitting, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.24.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor coupled to a memory storing computer-readable instructions, caused, by executing the computer-readable instructions, to:transmit a signaling message, the signaling message including a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state, the TCI state specifying configuration parameters for a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption; andtransmit, based on the configuration parameters, a physical downlink channel.25.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21.26.An apparatus comprising means to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21.27.A system comprising an apparatus of claim 22 and an apparatus of claim 24.