Mutated fragment of vzv glycoprotein e
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-08
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Figure PCTCN2024096215-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024096215-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024096215-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
MUTATED FRAGMENT OF VZV GLYCOPROTEIN E1. FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to fragments of the glycoprotein E (gE) protein of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and nucleic acid molecules that can be used for the management, prevention, and treatment of a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection therewith. The present disclosure also relates to lipid-containing compositions, including vaccines, of the nucleic acid molecules.2. BACKGROUND
[0002] Varicella zoster virus (VZV) , also known as human herpesvirus type 3, is a double stranded DNA virus, belonging to alpha herpes virus. VZV has only one serotype. VZV has a genome comprising 71 genes and encoding 67 different proteins, including 6 glycoproteins, which are now named gE, gB, gH, gI, gC, and gL. Glycoproteins gE, gB and gH are very abundant in infected cells, and also present in the envelop of virions. Antibodies induced by the three main glycoproteins can neutralize the virus. Specific humoral and cellular immunity and cytokines such as interferon play a major role in limiting the spread of VZV and in recovery, wherein specific cellular immunity is especially important.
[0003] Zostavax (MSD) is an attenuated virus vaccine. It can reduce the burden by 61.1%(65.5%in people aged 60-69 and 55.4%in people aged 70 or more) . It can also reduce the duration of pain and discomfort caused by the virus. Shinrix (GSK) is a subunit vaccine. It comprises gE and AS01B, an adjuvant system for enhancing cellular immune response. It can reach an efficacy of more than 90%.3. SUMMARY
[0004] In one aspect, provided herein are fragments of the gE protein of VZV, optionally comprising mutations, e.g., substitutions.
[0005] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of at least 1 amino acid residue and at most 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid residue (s) from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 11-18 (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18) or 34-44 (e.g., 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44) amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 12-16 (e.g., 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) or 35-39 (e.g., 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39) amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein.
[0006] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution Y569A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution Y582G. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A and Y582G. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution S593A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution S595A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution T596A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitution T598A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A. In such embodiments, the amino acid positions are numbered on the basis of the full length gE protein.
[0007] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution Y569A.
[0008] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, or 31 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution Y582G, with or without the substitution Y569A. In such embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A and Y582G.
[0009] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 30 or 29 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution S593A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G. In such embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G and S593A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 28 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution S595A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A. In such embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and S595A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 27 or 26 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution T596A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A and / or S595A. In such embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, and T596A. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acid residues or 1 amino acid residue from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the fragment optionally comprises the substitution T598A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A and / or S595A and / or T596A. In such embodiments, the fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A.
[0010] In some embodiments, the mature gE protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length gE protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0011] In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12.
[0012] In some embodiments, the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of a signal peptide. In some embodiments, the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the native signal peptide of the gE protein of VZV. In some embodiments, the native signal peptide comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0013] In one aspect, provided herein are nucleic acids encoding the fragment as described herein.
[0014] In some embodiments, the fragment is encoded by the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13.
[0015] In some embodiments, the native signal peptide of the gE protein of VZV is encoded by the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide is encoded by the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide is encoded by the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.
[0016] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature glycoprotein E (gE) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) , wherein the mutant comprises: (a) (i) a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE, and (ii) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE; (b) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE; (c) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE; (d) amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE; or (e) (i) a truncation of 50 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE protein, and (ii) amino acid residue substitution Y569A, wherein amino acid residue position 569 is the amino acid residue position number of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, 12, or 3. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, 12, or 3. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0017] In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a VZV gE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of human tPA signal peptide consists the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0018] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and the human IgE signal peptide, wherein the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and the human IgE signal peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein consisting of a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and the human IgE signal peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0019] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein, wherein the amino acid sequence of the protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0020] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at least one and at most 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution Y569A, and wherein amino acid residue position 569 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, or at least 85%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises an amino acid sequence at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises an amino acid sequence at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fragment consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fragment consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0021] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, or 31 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution Y582G, and wherein amino acid residue position 582 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE protein. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0022] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 30 or 29 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution S593A, and wherein amino acid residue position 593 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0023] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 28 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid residue substitution S595A, and wherein amino acid residue position 595 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0024] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 27 or 26 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T596A, and wherein amino acid residue position 596 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0025] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acid residues or at most one amino acid residue from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T598A, and wherein amino acid residue position 598 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0026] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises: (1) a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, and (2) the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, and wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are amino acid residue position numbers according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0027] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV, and a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises a truncation of at least one and at most 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment further comprises one, two, three, four, five or all of the following amino acid substitutions: Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein the amino acid position number is according to the full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment is one described herein. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0028] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, and the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0029] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, wherein the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and wherein the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fragment consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein consisting of a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fragment consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, wherein the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and wherein the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide.
[0030] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fragment of described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, wherein the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0031] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.
[0032] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.
[0033] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a VZV gE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a VZV gE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22.
[0034] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0035] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0036] In some embodiments, disclosed herein are vectors or cells comprising the nucleic acids as described herein. In some embodiments, the vectors are preferably IVT plasmids. In some embodiments, disclosed herein are compositions comprising the fragment as described herein or the nucleic acid as described herein. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a vaccine.
[0037] In one aspect, provided herein are non-naturally occurring nucleic acid molecules that can be used for the prevention, management and treatment of a disease or disorder cause by VZV or by infection with VZV.
[0038] In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acids comprises a coding nucleotide sequence encoding the fragment as described herein. In some embodiments, the fragment consists of, essentially consists of or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the fragment consists of, essentially consists of or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10 or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence consists of, essentially consists of or comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%sequence identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a subject. In some embodiments, the subject is a non-human mammal. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence consists of, essentially consists of or comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13. In some embodiments, the fragment is fused to the gE native signal peptide. In some embodiments, the signal peptide consists of, essentially consists of or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by a coding nucleotide sequence consisting of, essentially consisting of or comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, the fragment is fused to a heterologous polypeptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous polypeptide is selected from a Fc region of human immunoglobulin, a signal peptide, and a peptide facilitating multimerization of the fusion protein. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is a signal peptide from IgE or tPA. In some embodiments, the signal peptide consists of, essentially consists of or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by a coding nucleotide sequence consisting of, essentially consisting of or comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25 or 26. In some embodiments, the signal peptide consists of, essentially consists of or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by a coding nucleotide sequence consisting of, essentially consisting of or comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, the multimerization is dimerization or trimerization. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , wherein the 3’-UTR comprises the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63 or 64 or comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63 or 64. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine (psd) , 1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1) and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA or mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63 or comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, wherein all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.
[0039] In some embodiments, disclosed herein are vectors or cells comprising the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid molecule as described herein. In some embodiments, the vectors are preferably IVT plasmids. In some embodiments, disclosed herein are compositions comprising the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid molecule as described herein.
[0040] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising a coding nucleotide sequence encoding a protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising a coding nucleotide sequence encoding a fragment described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising a coding nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion protein described herein. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a subject. In some embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a non-human mammal. In specific embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a human. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0041] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.
[0042] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.
[0043] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a VZV gE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a VZV gE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22.
[0044] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a protein described herein, wherein the protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0045] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described herein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0046] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consists of or consists essentially of a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 51, 60, 62, 62, or 64. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consists of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63.
[0047] In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) and / or 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) . In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein further comprises a 5’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein further comprises a 3’-UTR, wherein the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38, and wherein the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal.
[0048] In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein comprises DNA. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein is DNA. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein comprises mRNA, and wherein thymines are substituted for uracils or a functional analog thereof in the nucleic acid. In some embodiments, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein is mRNA, and wherein thymines are substituted for uracils or a functional analog thereof in the nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for N1-methylpseudouridine, and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.
[0049] In some embodiments, provided herein is a vector comprising a nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provide herein is a vector comprising a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, the vector is an IVT (In Vitro Transcription) plasmid.
[0050] In some embodiments, provided herein is a host cell comprising the nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is host cell comprising a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a host cell comprising a vector described herein. In some embodiments, the host cell expresses a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein. In some embodiments, the host cell is in vitro, ex vivo, or isolated.
[0051] In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the composition further comprises at least one lipid described herein. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the composition further comprises at least a first lipid (e.g., a cationic lipid) described herein and optionally a second lipid (e.g., a polymer conjugated lipid) described herein.
[0052] In some embodiments, the first lipid is a compound according to Series 01, 02, 03, and 04, e.g., a compound according to Formula (01-I) , (01-II) , (02-I) , (03-I) , or (04-I) . In some embodiments, the first lipid is a compound listed in Table 01-1, 02-1, 03-1, or 04-1. In some embodiments, the second lipid is a compound according to Series 05, e.g., a compound according to Formula (05-I) .
[0053] In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as lipid nanoparticles encapsulating the nucleic acid in a lipid shell. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a vaccine.
[0054] In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a fragment described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a fusion protein described herein. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine. In some embodiments, a protein described herein, a fragment, or a fusion protein described herein is used to immunize a subject against VZV. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid described herein, a protein described herein, a fragment, or a fusion protein described herein is used to induce an immune response (e.g., an immune response, such as, e.g., described in Section 6) in a subject. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises a humoral immune response against VZV. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises a cellular response against VZV. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises antibody (e.g., neutralizing antibody) specific to VZV gE.
[0055] In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a composition (e.g., pharmaceutical composition) comprising a vector described herein. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid described herein, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid, or a vector described herein is used to immunize a subject against VZV. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid described herein, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein, or a vector described herein is used to induce an immune response (e.g., an immune response, such as, e.g., described in Section 6) in a subject. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises a humoral immune response against VZV. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises a cellular response against VZV. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises antibody (e.g., neutralizing antibody) specific to VZV gE.
[0056] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising anon-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein, and at least a first lipid. In some embodiments, the first lipid is a lipid described herein. In some embodiments, the first lipid is a compound according to Formula 01-I or Formula 01-II; or a compound listed in Table 01-1; or a compound according to Formula 02-I; or a compound listed in Table 02-1; or a compound according to Formula 03-I; or a compound listed in Table 03-1; or a compound according to Formula 04-I; or a compound listed in Table 04-1. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of claim 72, further comprising a second lipid. In some embodiments, the second lipid is a compound according to Formula 05-I. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as lipid nanoparticles encapsulating the nucleic acid in a lipid shell. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine.
[0057] In one aspect, provided herein are methods for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the fragment described herein, a therapeutically effective amount of the nucleic acid described herein, a therapeutically effective amount of the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein, or a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
[0058] In some embodiments of the method described herein, the subject is a human or a non-human mammal. In some embodiments, the subject is a human adult, a human child or a human toddler. In some embodiments, the subject has the disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the subject is at risk of, or is susceptible to, infection by VZV. In some embodiments, the subject is an elderly human. In some embodiments, subject has been diagnosed positive for infection by VZV. In some embodiments, the subject is asymptomatic.
[0059] In some embodiments of the method described herein, the method comprises administering lipid nanoparticles encapsulating the nucleic acid to the subject, and wherein the lipid nanoparticles are endocytosed by the cells in the subject. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is expressed by the cells in the subject.
[0060] In some embodiments of the method described herein, an immune response against VZV is elicited in the subject. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises production of cytokine in lymphocytes. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises increased proportion of cytokine-expressing lymphocytes. In some embodiments, the lymphocytes are CD4+ T cells and / or CD8+ T cells. In some embodiments, the cytokine is one or more of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. In some embodiments, the production of cytokines in lymphocytes is increased. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises production of an antibody specifically binds to the viral gE protein. In some embodiments, the antibody is a neutralizing antibody against VZV or cells infected by VZV. In some embodiments, the serum titer of the antibody is increased in the subject.
[0061] In some embodiments of the method described herein, antibody binds to a viral particle or an infected cell and mark the viral particle of infected cell for destruction by the immune system of the subject. In some embodiments, endocytosis of viral particles bound by the antibody is induced or enhanced. In some embodiments, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against infected cells in the subject is induced or enhanced. In some embodiments, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) against infected cells in the subject is induced or enhanced. In some embodiments, complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against infected cells in the subject is induced or enhanced.
[0062] In some embodiments of the method described herein, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is varicella and / or zoster. In some embodiments of the method described herein, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) . In some embodiments of the method described herein, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis.
[0063] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a fragment described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a fusion protein described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a vector described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some embodiments, the method is for preventing a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in the subject. In some embodiments, an immune response against the VZV is elicited in the subject. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises production of cytokine in lymphocytes. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises increased proportion of cytokine-expressing lymphocytes. In some embodiments, the lymphocytes are CD4+ T cells and / or CD8+ T cells, and / or, wherein the cytokine is one or more of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. In some embodiments, the production of cytokine in lymphocytes is increased. In some embodiments, the immune response comprises production of an antibody (e.g., neutralizing antibody) that specifically binds to VZV gE. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the human is a human adult. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 40 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 45 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 50 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 55 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 60 years old. In some embodiments, the human is an elderly human.
[0064] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein described herein, a fragment described herein, or a fusion protein described herein, for use in a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid described herein, a non-naturally occurring described herein, or a vector described herein, for use in a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition described herein, for use in a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the human is a human adult. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 40 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 45 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 50 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 55 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 60 years old. In some embodiments, the human is an elderly human.
[0065] In some embodiments, provided herein is a use of a protein described herein, afragment described herein, a fusion protein described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, provided herein is a use of a nucleic acid described herein, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described herein, or a vector described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, provided herein is a use of a pharmaceutical composition described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; or (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella or zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder caused by VZV is (a) varicella and zoster; (b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and (c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the human is a human adult. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 40 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 45 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 50 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 55 years old. In some embodiments, the adult is at least 60 years old. In some embodiments, the human is an elderly human.
[0066] 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0067] FIG. 1 shows the expression of the candidates by HEK293T transfected in vitro. The suffix psd represents pseudo-U modification, and the suffix m1 represents 1-N-pseudo-U modification.
[0068] FIG. 2 shows the gE specific IgG titer induced by the candidates. The suffix psd represents pseudo-U modification, and the suffix m1 represents 1-N-pseudo-U modification.
[0069] FIG. 3 shows the gE peptide pool specific T cell response induced by the candidates. The suffix psd represents pseudo-U modification, and the suffix m1 represents 1-N-pseudo-U modification.
[0070] FIG. 4 shows the predicted secondary structure of full-length VZV gE. A, wild type; B, mutant comprising substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A.
[0071] FIG. 5 shows the median fluorescence intensity of transfected cells in vitro by the candidates.
[0072] FIG. 6 shows the expression rate of transfected cells in vitro by the candidates.
[0073] FIG. 7 shows the gE specific IgG titer induced by candidates.
[0074] FIG. 8 shows the gE peptide pool specific T cell response induced by candidates.
[0075] FIG. 9 shows the location of the target protein in the cell. Green represents the gE protein, red denotes the Golgi apparatus, and blue indicates the cell nucleus.
[0076] FIG. 10 shows the analysis of inflammatory response inhibition by RIG-I activation and IFN-β release using mRNA in vitro.
[0077] FIG. 11 shows the expression rate of transfected cells in vitro by the candidates.
[0078] FIG. 12 shows the median fluorescence intensity of transfected cells in vitro by the candidates.
[0079] FIG. 13A shows the gE specific IgG titer after the first immunization in mice.
[0080] FIG. 13B shows the gE specific IgG titer after the boost immunization in mice.
[0081] FIG. 13C shows the gE specific IgG titer after the first immunization in LAV-experienced mice.
[0082] FIG. 13D shows the gE specific IgG titer after the boost immunization in LAV-experienced mice.
[0083] FIG. 14A shows the CD4+ T cells response induced by vaccines in mice.
[0084] FIG. 14B shows the CD4+ T cells response induced by vaccines in LAV-experienced mice.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0085] Provided herein are therapeutic nucleic acid molecules useful for the prevention, management and treatment of a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical composition comprising the therapeutic nucleic acid molecules, including pharmaceutical composition formulated as lipid nanoparticles and related therapeutic methods and uses for preventing, managing and treating of a disease or disorder cause by VZV or by infection with VZV. Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of particular embodiments.
[0086] 5.1 General Techniques
[0087] Techniques and procedures described or referenced herein include those that are generally well understood and / or commonly employed using conventional methodology by those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the widely utilized methodologies described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3d ed. 2001) ; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al. eds., 2003) .
[0088] 5.2 Terminology
[0089] Unless described otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For purposes of interpreting this specification, the following description of terms will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa. All patents, applications, published applications, and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that any description of terms set forth conflicts with any document incorporated herein by reference, the description of term set forth below shall control.
[0090] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term “lipid” refers to a group of organic compounds that include, but are not limited to, esters of fatty acids and are generally characterized by being poorly soluble in water, but soluble in many nonpolar organic solvents. While lipids generally have poor solubility in water, there are certain categories of lipids (e.g., lipids modified by polar groups, e.g., DMG-PEG2000) that have limited aqueous solubility and can dissolve in water under certain conditions. Known types of lipids include biological molecules such as fatty acids, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Lipids can be divided into at least three classes: (1) “simple lipids, ” which include fats and oils as well as waxes; (2) “compound lipids, ” which include phospholipids and glycolipids (e.g., DMPE-PEG2000) ; and (3) “derived lipids” such as steroids. Further, as used herein, lipids also encompass lipidoid compounds. The term “lipidoid compound, ” also simply “lipidoid” , refers to a lipid-like compound (e.g. an amphiphilic compound with lipid-like physical properties) .
[0091] The term “lipid nanoparticle” or “LNP” refers to a particle having at least one dimension on the order of nanometers (nm) (e.g., 1 to 1,000 nm) , which contains one or more types of lipid molecules. The LNP provided herein can further contain at least one non-lipid payload molecule (e.g., one or more nucleic acid molecules) . In some embodiments, the LNP comprises a non-lipid payload molecule either partially or completely encapsulated inside a lipid shell. Particularly, in some embodiments, wherein the payload is a negatively charged molecule (e.g., mRNA encoding a viral protein) , and the lipid components of the LNP comprise at least one cationic lipid. Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that the cationic lipids can interact with the negatively charged payload molecules and facilitates incorporation and / or encapsulation of the payload into the LNP during LNP formation. Other lipids that can form part of a LNP as provided herein include but are not limited to neutral lipids and charged lipids, such as steroids, polymer conjugated lipids, and various zwitterionic lipids. In certain embodiments, a LNP according to the present disclosure comprises one or more lipids of Series 01, 02, 03, and 04, e.g., one or more lipids of Formula (01-I) , (01-II) , (02-I) , (03-I) , and (04-I) (and sub-formulas thereof) as described herein.
[0092] The term “cationic lipid” refers to a lipid that is either positively charged at any pH value or hydrogen ion activity of its environment, or capable of being positively charged in response to the pH value or hydrogen ion activity of its environment (e.g., the environment of its intended use) . Thus, the term “cationic” encompasses both “permanently cationic” and “cationisable. ” In certain embodiments, the positive charge in a cationic lipid results from the presence of a quaternary nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, the cationic lipid comprises a zwitterionic lipid that assumes a positive charge in the environment of its intended use (e.g., at physiological pH) . In certain embodiments, the cationic lipid is one or more lipids of Series 01, 02, 03, and 04, e.g., one or more lipids of Formula (01-I) , (01-II) , (02-I) , (03-I) , and (04-I) (and sub-formulas thereof) as described herein. The term “anionic lipid” refers to a lipid that is either negatively charged at any pH value or hydrogen ion activity of its environment, or capable of being negatively charged in response to the pH value or hydrogen ion activity of its environment (e.g., the environment of its intended use) . Exemplary anionic lipids include one or more phosphate group (s) which bear a negative charge, for example at physiological pHs.
[0093] The term “polymer conjugated lipid” refers to a molecule comprising both a lipid portion and a polymer portion. An example of a polymer conjugated lipid is a pegylated lipid (PEG-lipid) , in which the polymer portion comprises a polyethylene glycol.
[0094] The term “neutral lipid” encompasses any lipid molecules existing in uncharged forms or neutral zwitterionic forms at a selected pH value or within a selected pH range. In some embodiments, the selected useful pH value or range corresponds to the pH condition in an environment of the intended uses of the lipids, such as the physiological pH. As non-limiting examples, neutral lipids that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, phosphotidylcholines such as 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) , 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) , 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) , 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) , 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) , phophatidylethanolamines such as 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) , 2- ( (2, 3-bis(oleoyloxy) propyl) dimethylammonio) ethyl hydrogen phosphate (DOCP) , sphingomyelins (SM) , ceramides, steroids such as sterols and their derivatives. Neutral lipids as provided herein may be synthetic or derived (isolated or modified) from a natural source or compound.
[0095] The term “charged lipid” encompasses any lipid molecules that exist in either positively charged or negatively charged forms at a selected pH or within a selected pH range. In some embodiments, the selected pH value or range corresponds to the pH condition in an environment of the intended uses of the lipids, such as the physiological pH. As non-limiting examples, neutral lipids that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, sterol hemisuccinates, dialkyl trimethylarnmonium-propanes, (e.g., DOTAP, DOTMA) , dialkyl dimethylaminopropanes, ethyl phosphocholines, dimethylaminoethane carbamoyl sterols (e.g., DC-Chol) , 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium salt (DOPS-Na) , 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho- (1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG-Na) , and 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt (DOPA-Na) . Charged lipids as provided herein may be synthetic or derived (isolated or modified) from a natural source or compound.
[0096] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has, for example, from one to twenty-four carbon atoms (C1-C24 alkyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkyl) , one to fifteen carbon atoms (C1-C15 alkyl) , one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12 alkyl) , one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) , n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl) , 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0097] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The term “alkenyl” also embraces radicals having “cis” and “trans” configurations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” configurations, as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkenyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkenyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkenyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkenyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkenyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkenyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkenyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted.
[0098] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkynyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkynyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkynyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkynyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkynyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkynyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkynyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkynyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted.
[0099] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkylene” or “alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, which is saturated. In one embodiment, the alkylene has, for example, from one to twenty-four carbon atoms (C1-C24 alkylene) , one to fifteen carbon atoms (C1-C15 alkylene) , one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12 alkylene) , one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkylene) , one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkylene) , two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 alkylene) , one to two carbon atoms (C1-C2 alkylene) . Examples of alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, and the like. The alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond. The points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless otherwise specified, an alkylene chain is optionally substituted.
[0100] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkenylene” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, which contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenylene has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkenylene) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkenylene) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkenylene) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkenylene) , two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenylene) or two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 alkenylene) . Examples of alkenylene include, but are not limited to, ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, and the like. The alkenylene is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single or double bond and to the radical group through a single or double bond. The points of attachment of the alkenylene to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenylene is optionally substituted.
[0101] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which is saturated. Cycloalkyl group may include fused or bridged ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . The cycloalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0102] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkylene” is a divalent cycloalkyl group. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkylene group is optionally substituted.
[0103] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Cycloalkenyl may include fused or bridged ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) . The cycloalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkenyl group is optionally substituted.
[0104] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkenylene” is a divalent cycloalkenyl group. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkenylene group is optionally substituted.
[0105] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a non-aromatic radical monocyclic or polycyclic moiety that contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. A heterocyclyl group can be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other polycyclic ring system, wherein the polycyclic ring systems can be a fused, bridged or spiro ring system. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or more rings. A heterocyclyl group can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocycloalkyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkyl” . Partially unsaturated heterocycloalkyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkenyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one double bond, or “heterocycloalkynyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one triple bond. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl has, for example, 3 to 18 ring atoms (3-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 18 ring atoms (4-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 5 to 18 ring atoms (3-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 8 ring atoms (4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or 5 to 8 ring atoms (5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “3 to 18” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., “3 to 18 ring atoms” means that the heterocyclyl group can consist of 3 ring atoms, 4 ring atoms, 5 ring atoms, 6 ring atoms, 7 ring atoms, 8 ring atoms, 9 ring atoms, 10 ring atoms, etc., up to and including 18 ring atoms. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thiophenyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, quinolyl, and isoquinolyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted.
[0106] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heterocyclylene” is a divalent heterocyclyl group. Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclylene group is optionally substituted
[0107] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic monovalent aromatic group that contain at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In certain embodiments, the aryl has from 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms (C6-C18 aryl) , from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms (C6-C14 aryl) , or from 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C6-C10 aryl) . Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl. The term “aryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic hydrocarbon rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl) . Unless otherwise specified, an aryl group is optionally substituted.
[0108] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylene” is a divalent aryl group. Unless otherwise specified, an arylene group is optionally substituted.
[0109] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contains at least one aromatic ring, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. The heteroaryl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or from 5 to 10 ring atoms. The term “heteroaryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl. Examples of bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl. Examples of tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, and xanthenyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroaryl group is optionally substituted.
[0110] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroarylene” is a divalent heteroaryl group. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroarylene group is optionally substituted.
[0111] When the groups described herein are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments provided herein, as well as: a halogen atom such as F, CI, Br, or I; cyano; oxo (=O) ; hydroxyl (-OH) ; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; cycloalkyl; aryl; - (C=O) OR’; -O (C=O) R’; -C (=O) R’; -OR’; -S (O) xR’; -S-SR’; -C (=O) SR’; -SC (=O) R’; -NR’R’; -NR’C (=O) R’; -C (=O) NR’R’; -NR’C (=O) NR’R’; -OC (=O) NR’R’; -NR’C (=O) OR’; -NR’S (O) xNR’R’; -NR’S (O) xR’; and -S (O) xNR’R’, wherein: R’ is, at each occurrence, independently H, C1-C15 alkyl or cycloalkyl, and x is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments the substituent is a C1-C12 alkyl group. In other embodiments, the substituent is a cycloalkyl group. In other embodiments, the substituent is a halo group, such as fluoro. In other embodiments, the substituent is an oxo group. In other embodiments, the substituent is a hydroxyl group. In other embodiments, the substituent is an alkoxy group (-OR’) . In other embodiments, the substituent is a carboxyl group. In other embodiments, the substituent is an amino group (-NR’R’) .
[0112] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “optional” or “optionally” (e.g., optionally substituted) means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means that the alkyl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted alkyl radicals and alkyl radicals having no substitution.
[0113] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “prodrug” of a biologically active compound refers to a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to the biologically active compound. In one embodiment, the term “prodrug” refers to a metabolic precursor of the biologically active compound that is pharmaceutically acceptable. A prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject in need thereof, but is converted in vivo to the biologically active compound. Prodrugs are typically rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent biologically active compound, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. The prodrug compound often offers advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985) , pp. 7-9, 21-24 (Elsevier, Amsterdam) ) . A discussion of prodrugs is provided in Higuchi, T., et al., A. C. S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, Ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
[0114] In one embodiment, the term “prodrug” is also meant to include any covalently bonded carriers, which release the active compound in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject. Prodrugs of a compound may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound. Prodrugs include compounds wherein a hydroxyl, amino or mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the compound is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, free amino or free mercapto group, respectively.
[0115] Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol or amide derivatives of amine functional groups in the compounds provided herein.
[0116] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
[0117] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2, 2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane-1, 2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucic acid, naphthalene-1, 5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid, propionic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like.
[0118] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt include, but are not limited to, salts prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to a free acid compound. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. In one embodiment, the inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. In one embodiment, the organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline and caffeine.
[0119] A compound provided herein may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) -or (S) -or, as (D) -or (L) -for amino acids. Unless otherwise specified, a compound provided herein is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (-) , (R) -and (S) -, or (D) -and (L) -isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization. Conventional techniques for the preparation / isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) . When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers. Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.
[0120] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “isomer” refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula. “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space. “Atropisomers” are stereoisomers from hindered rotation about single bonds. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any proportion can be known as a “racemic” mixture. “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other.
[0121] “Stereoisomers” can also include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is isolated as either the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, a compound described herein is a mixture of the E and Z isomers.
[0122] “Tautomers” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution.
[0123] It should also be noted a compound described herein can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) , sulfur-35 (35S) , or carbon-14 (14C) , or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium (2H) , carbon-13 (13C) , or nitrogen-15 (15N) . As used herein, an “isotopolog” is an isotopically enriched compound. The term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. The term “isotopic composition” refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom. Radiolabeled and isotopically enriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e.g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of a compound described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein. In some embodiments, there are provided isotopologs of a compound described herein, for example, the isotopologs are deuterium, carbon-13, and / or nitrogen-15 enriched. As used herein, “deuterated” , means a compound wherein at least one hydrogen (H) has been replaced by deuterium (indicated by D or 2H) , that is, the compound is enriched in deuterium in at least one position.
[0124] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight.
[0125] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient” includes without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye / colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.
[0126] The term “composition” is intended to encompass a product containing the specified ingredients (e.g., a mRNA molecule provided herein) in, optionally, the specified amounts.
[0127] The term “polynucleotide” or “nucleic acid, ” as used interchangeably herein, refers to polymers of nucleotides of any length and includes, e.g., DNA and RNA. The nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides or bases, and / or their analogs, or any substrate that can be incorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase or by a synthetic reaction. A polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and their analogs. Nucleic acid can be in either single-or double-stranded forms. As used herein and unless otherwise specified, “nucleic acid” also includes nucleic acid mimics such as locked nucleic acids (LNAs) , peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) , and morpholinos. “Oligonucleotide, ” as used herein, refers to short synthetic polynucleotides that are generally, but not necessarily, fewer than about 200 nucleotides in length. The terms “oligonucleotide” and “polynucleotide” are not mutually exclusive. The description above for polynucleotides is equally and fully applicable to oligonucleotides. Unless specified otherwise, the left-hand end of any single-stranded polynucleotide sequence disclosed herein is the 5’ end; the left-hand direction of double-stranded polynucleotide sequences is referred to as the 5’ direction. The direction of 5’ to 3’ addition of nascent RNA transcripts is referred to as the transcription direction; sequence regions on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 5’ to the 5’ end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “upstream sequences” ; sequence regions on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 3’ to the 3’ end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “downstream sequences. ”
[0128] As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring” when used in reference to a nucleic acid molecule as described herein is intended to mean that the nucleic acid molecule is not found in nature. A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding a viral peptide or protein contains at least one genetic alternation or chemical modification not normally found in a naturally occurring strain of the virus, including wild-type strains of the virus. Genetic alterations include, for example, modifications introducing expressible nucleic acid sequences encoding peptides or polypeptides heterologous to the virus, other nucleic acid additions, nucleic acid deletions, nucleic acid substitution, and / or other functional disruption of the virus’ genetic material. Such modifications include, for example, modifications in the coding regions and functional fragments thereof, for heterologous, homologous or both heterologous and homologous polypeptides for the viral species. Additional modifications include, for example, modifications in non-coding regulatory regions in which the modifications alter expression of a gene or operon. Additional modifications also include, for example, incorporation of a nucleic acid sequence into a vector, such as a plasmid or an artificial chromosome. Chemical modifications include, for example, one or more functional nucleotide analog as described herein.
[0129] An “isolated nucleic acid” is a nucleic acid, for example, an RNA, DNA, or a mixed nucleic acids, which is substantially separated from other genome DNA sequences as well as proteins or complexes such as ribosomes and polymerases, which naturally accompany a native sequence. An “isolated” nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid molecule. Moreover, an “isolated” nucleic acid molecule, such as an mRNA molecule, can be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. In a specific embodiment, one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding an antigen as described herein are isolated or purified. The term embraces nucleic acid sequences that have been removed from their naturally occurring environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA or RNA isolates and chemically synthesized analogues or analogues biologically synthesized by heterologous systems. A substantially pure molecule may include isolated forms of the molecule.
[0130] The term “encoding nucleic acid” or grammatical equivalents thereof as it is used in reference to nucleic acid molecule encompasses (a) a nucleic acid molecule in its native state or when manipulated by methods well known to those skilled in the art that can be transcribed to produce mRNA which is then translated into a peptide and / or polypeptide, and (b) the mRNA molecule itself. The antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, and the encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom. The term “coding region” refers to a portion in an encoding nucleic acid sequence that is translated into a peptide or polypeptide. The term “untranslated region” or “UTR” refers to the portion of an encoding nucleic acid that is not translated into a peptide or polypeptide. Depending on the orientation of a UTR with respect to the coding region of a nucleic acid molecule, a UTR is referred to as the 5’-UTR if located to the 5’-end of a coding region, and a UTR is referred to as the 3’-UTR if located to the 3’-end of a coding region.
[0131] The term “mRNA” as used herein refers to a message RNA molecule comprising one or more open reading frame (ORF) that can be translated by a cell or an organism provided with the mRNA to produce one or more peptide or protein product. The region containing the one or more ORFs is referred to as the coding region of the mRNA molecule. In certain embodiments, the mRNA molecule further comprises one or more untranslated regions (UTRs) .
[0132] In certain embodiments, the mRNA is a monocistronic mRNA that comprises only one ORF. In certain embodiments, the monocistronic mRNA encodes a peptide or protein comprising at least one epitope of a selected antigen (e.g., a pathogenic antigen or a tumor associated antigen) . In other embodiments, the mRNA is a multicistronic mRNA that comprises two or more ORFs. In certain embodiments, the multiecistronic mRNA encodes two or more peptides or proteins that can be the same or different from each other. In certain embodiments, each peptide or protein encoded by a multicistronic mRNA comprises at least one epitope of a selected antigen. In certain embodiments, different peptide or protein encoded by a multicistronic mRNA each comprises at least one epitope of different antigens. In any of the embodiments described herein, the at least one epitope can be at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, or at least 10 epitopes of an antigen.
[0133] The term “nucleobases” encompasses purines and pyrimidines, including natural compounds adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, inosine, and natural or synthetic analogs or derivatives thereof.
[0134] The term “functional nucleotide analog” as used herein refers to a modified version of a canonical nucleotide A, G, C, U or T that (a) retains the base-pairing properties of the corresponding canonical nucleotide, and (b) contains at least one chemical modification to (i) the nucleobase, (ii) the sugar group, (iii) the phosphate group, or (iv) any combinations of (i) to (iii) , of the corresponding natural nucleotide. As used herein, base pairing encompasses not only the canonical Watson-Crick adenine-thymine, adenine-uracil, or guanine-cytosine base pairs, but also base pairs formed between canonical nucleotides and functional nucleotide analogs or between a pair of functional nucleotide analogs, wherein the arrangement of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors permits hydrogen bonding between a modified nucleobase and a canonical nucleobase or between two complementary modified nucleobase structures. For example, a functional analog of guanosine (G) retains the ability to base-pair with cytosine (C) or a functional analog of cytosine. One example of such non-canonical base pairing is the base pairing between the modified nucleotide inosine and adenine, cytosine, or uracil. As described herein, a functional nucleotide analog can be either naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. Accordingly, a nucleic acid molecule containing a functional nucleotide analog can have at least one modified nucleobase, sugar group and / or internucleoside linkage. Exemplary chemical modifications to the nucleobases, sugar groups, or internucleoside linkages of a nucleic acid molecule are provided herein.
[0135] The terms “translational enhancer element, ” “TEE” and “translational enhancers” as used herein refers to a region in a nucleic acid molecule that functions to promotes translation of a coding sequence of the nucleic acid into a protein or peptide product, such as via cap-dependent or cap-independent translation. A TEE typically locates in the UTR region of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., mRNA) and enhance the translational level of a coding sequence located either upstream or downstream. For example, a TEE in a 5’-UTR of a nucleic acid molecule can locate between the promoter and the starting codon of the nucleic acid molecule. Various TEE sequences are known in the art (Wellensiek et al. Genome-wide profiling of human cap-independent translation-enhancing elements, Nature Methods, 2013 Aug; 10 (8) : 747–750; Chappell et al. PNAS June 29, 2004 101 (26) 9590-9594) . Some TEEs are known to be conserved across multiple species (Pánek et al. Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 41, Issue 16, 1 September 2013, Pages 7625–7634) .
[0136] As used herein, the term “stem-loop sequence” refers to a single-stranded polynucleotide sequence having at least two regions that are complementary or substantially complementary to each other when read in opposite directions, and thus capable of base-pairing with each other to form at least one double helix and an unpaired loop. The resulting structure is known as a stem-loop structure, a hairpin, or a hairpin loop, which is a secondary structure found in many RNA molecules.
[0137] The term “peptide” as used herein refers to a polymer containing between two and fifty (2-50) amino acid residues linked by one or more covalent peptide bond (s) . The terms apply to naturally occurring amino acid polymers as well as amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residues is a non-naturally occurring amino acid (e.g., an amino acid analog or non-natural amino acid) .
[0138] The terms “polypeptide” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymer of greater than fifty (50) amino acid residues linked by covalent peptide bonds. That is, a description directed to a polypeptide applies equally to a description of a protein, and vice versa. The terms apply to naturally occurring amino acid polymers as well as amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residues is a non-naturally occurring amino acid (e.g., an amino acid analog) . As used herein, the terms encompass amino acid chains of any length, including full length proteins (e.g., antigens) .
[0139] In the context of a peptide or polypeptide, the term “derivative” as used herein refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of the viral peptide or protein, or a fragment of a viral peptide or protein, which has been altered by the introduction of amino acid residue substitutions, deletions, or additions. The term “derivative” as used herein also refers to a viral peptide or protein, or a fragment of a viral peptide or protein, which has been chemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the polypeptide. For example, but not by way of limitation, a viral peptide or protein or a fragment of the viral peptide or protein may be chemically modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, chemical cleavage, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. The derivatives are modified in a manner that is different from naturally occurring or starting peptide or polypeptides, either in the type or location of the molecules attached. Derivatives further include deletion of one or more chemical groups which are naturally present on the viral peptide or protein. Further, a derivative of a viral peptide or protein or a fragment of a viral peptide or protein may contain one or more non-classical amino acids. In specific embodiments, a derivative is a functional derivative of the native or unmodified peptide or polypeptide from which it was derived.
[0140] The term “functional derivative” refers to a derivative that retains one or more functions or activities of the naturally occurring or starting peptide or polypeptide from which it was derived. For example, a functional derivative of a VZV S protein may retain the ability to bind one or more of its receptors on a host cell. For example, a functional derivative of a VZV N protein may retain the ability to bind RNA or the package viral genome.
[0141] The term “identity” refers to a relationship between the sequences of two or more polypeptide molecules or two or more nucleic acid molecules, as determined by aligning and comparing the sequences. “Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or MEGALIGN (DNAStar, Inc. ) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0142] A “modification” of an amino acid residue / position refers to a change of a primary amino acid sequence as compared to a starting amino acid sequence, wherein the change results from a sequence alteration involving said amino acid residue / position. For example, typical modifications include substitution of the residue with another amino acid (e.g., a conservative or non-conservative substitution) , insertion of one or more (e.g., generally fewer than 5, 4, or 3) amino acids adjacent to said residue / position, and / or deletion of said residue / position.
[0143] In the context of a peptide or polypeptide, the term “fragment” as used herein refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises less than the full length amino acid sequence. Such a fragment may arise, for example, from a truncation at the amino terminus, a truncation at the carboxy terminus, and / or an internal deletion of a residue (s) from the amino acid sequence. Fragments may, for example, result from alternative RNA splicing or from in vivo protease activity. In certain embodiments, fragments refers to polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 10 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 15 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 20 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 25 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 30 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 40 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 60 contiguous amino residues, at least 70 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 80 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 90 contiguous amino acid residues, at least contiguous 100 amino acid residues, at least 125 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 150 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 175 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 200 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, or at least 950 contiguous amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. In a specific embodiment, a fragment of a polypeptide retains at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, or more functions of the polypeptide.
[0144] The term “immunogenic fragment” as used herein in the context of a peptide or polypeptide (e.g., a protein) , refers to a fragment of a peptide or polypeptide that retains the ability of the peptide or polypeptide in eliciting an immune response upon contacting the immune system of a mammal, including innate immune responses and / or adaptive immune responses. In some embodiments, an immunogenic fragment of a peptide or polypeptide can be an epitope.
[0145] The term “antigen” refers to a substance that can be recognized by the immune system of a subject (including by the adaptive immune system) , and is capable of triggering an immune response after the subject is contacted with the antigen (including an antigen-specific immune response) . In certain embodiments, the antigen is a protein associated with a diseased cell, such as a cell infected by a pathogen or a neoplastic cell (e.g., tumor associated antigen (TAA) ) .
[0146] An “epitope” is the site on the surface of an antigen molecule to which a single antibody molecule binds, such as a localized region on the surface of an antigen that is capable of being bound to one or more antigen binding regions of an antibody, and that has antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal (e.g., a human) , that is capable of eliciting an immune response. An epitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response in an animal. An epitope having antigenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds as determined by any method well known in the art, including, for example, by an immunoassay. Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily be immunogenic. Epitopes often consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and have specific three dimensional structural characteristics as well as specific charge characteristics. Antibody epitopes may be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. Conformational epitopes are formed of amino acids that are discontinuous in the protein sequence, but which are brought together upon folding of the protein into its three-dimensional structure. Induced epitopes are formed when the three dimensional structure of the protein is in an altered conformation, such as following activation or binding of another protein or ligand. In certain embodiments, an epitope is a three-dimensional surface feature of a polypeptide. In other embodiments, an epitope is linear feature of a polypeptide. Generally, an antigen has several or many different epitopes and may react with many different antibodies.
[0147] The term “heterologous” refers an entity not found in nature to be associated with (e.g., encoded by and / or expressed by the genome of) a naturally occurring VZV. The term “homologous” refers an entity found in nature to be associated with (e.g., encoded by and / or expressed by the genome of) a naturally occurring VZV.
[0148] The term “genetic vaccine” as used herein refers to a therapeutic or prophylactic composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding an antigen associated with a target disease (e.g., an infectious disease or a neoplastic disease) . Administration of the vaccine to a subject ( “vaccination” ) allows for the production of the encoded peptide or protein, thereby eliciting an immune response against the target disease in the subject. In certain embodiments, the immune response comprises adaptive immune response, such as the production of antibodies against the encoded antigen, and / or activation and proliferations of immune cells capable of specifically eliminating diseased cells expressing the antigen. In certain embodiments, the immune response further comprises innate immune response. According to the present disclosure, a vaccine can be administered to a subject either before or after the onset of clinical symptoms of the target disease. In some embodiments, vaccination of a healthy or asymptomatic subject renders the vaccinated subject immune or less susceptible to the development of the target disease. In some embodiments, vaccination of a subject showing symptoms of the disease improves the condition of, or treats, the disease in the vaccinated subject.
[0149] The term “vector” refers to a substance that is used to carry or include a nucleic acid sequence, including for example, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a viral peptide or protein as described herein, in order to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a host cell, or serve as a transcription template to carry out in vitro transcription reaction in a cell-free system to produce mRNA. Vectors applicable for use include, for example, expression vectors, plasmids, phage vectors, viral vectors, episomes, and artificial chromosomes, which can include selection sequences or markers operable for stable integration into a host cell’s chromosome. Additionally, the vectors can include one or more selectable marker genes and appropriate transcription or translation control sequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example, provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or supply critical nutrients not in the culture media. Transcription or translation control sequences can include constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and the like, which are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acid molecules are to be co-transcribed or co-translated (e.g., nucleic acid molecules encoding two or more different viral peptides or proteins) , both nucleic acid molecules can be inserted, for example, into a single expression vector or in separate expression vectors. For single vector transcription and / or translation, the encoding nucleic acids can be operationally linked to one common transcription or translation control sequence or linked to different transcription or translation control sequences, such as one inducible promoter and one constitutive promoter. The introduction of nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed using methods well known in the art. Such methods include, for example, nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA, immunoblotting for expression of gene products, or other suitable analytical methods to test the expression of an introduced nucleic acid sequence or its corresponding gene product. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the nucleic acid molecules are expressed in a sufficient amount to produce a desired product (e.g., a mRNA transcript of the nucleic acid as described herein) , and it is further understood that expression levels can be optimized to obtain sufficient expression using methods well known in the art.
[0150] The terms “innate immune response” and “innate immunity” are recognized in the art, and refer to non-specific defense mechanism a body’s immune system initiates upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which involves different forms of cellular activities, including cytokine production and cell death through various pathways. As used herein, innate immune responses include, without limitation, increased production of inflammation cytokines (e.g., type I interferon or IL-10 production) , activation of the NFκB pathway, increased proliferation, maturation, differentiation and / or survival of immune cells, and in some cases, induction of cell apoptosis. Activation of the innate immunity can be detected using methods known in the art, such as measuring the (NF) -κB activation.
[0151] The terms “adaptive immune response” and “adaptive immunity” are recognized in the art, and refer to antigen-specific defense mechanism a body’s immune system initiates upon recognition of a specific antigen, which include both humoral response and cell-mediated responses. As used herein, adaptive immune responses include cellular responses that is triggered and / or augmented by a vaccine composition, such as a genetic composition described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition comprises an antigen that is the target of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response. In other embodiments, the vaccine composition, upon administration, allows the production in an immunized subject of an antigen that is the target of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response. Activation of an adaptive immune response can be detected using methods known in the art, such as measuring the antigen-specific antibody production, or the level of antigen-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
[0152] “Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity” or “ADCC” refers to a form of cytotoxicity in which secreted immunoglobulin bound onto Fc receptors (FcRs) present on certain cytotoxic cells (e.g., Natural Killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages) enable these cytotoxic effector cells to bind specifically to an antigen-bearing target cell and subsequently kill the target cell with cytotoxins. The antibodies “arm” the cytotoxic cells and are absolutely required for such killing. NK cells, the primary cells for mediating ADCC, express FcγRIII only, whereas monocytes express FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII. FcR expression on hematopoietic cells is known (see, e.g., Ravetch and Kinet, 1991, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-92) . To assess ADCC activity of a molecule of interest, an in vitro ADCC assay (see, e.g., US Pat. Nos. 5,500,362 and 5,821,337) can be performed. Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Alternatively or additionally, ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, for example, in an animal model (see, e.g., Clynes et al., 1998, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 652-56) . Antibodies with little or no ADCC activity may be selected for use.
[0153] “Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis” or “ADCP” refers to the destruction of target cells via monocyte or macrophage-mediated phagocytosis when immunoglobulin bound onto Fc receptors (FcRs) present on certain phagocytotic cells (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) enable these phagocytotic cells to bind specifically to an antigen-bearing target cell and subsequently kill the target cell. To assess ADCP activity of a molecule of interest, an in vitro ADCP assay (see, e.g., Bracher et al., 2007, J. Immunol. Methods 323: 160-71) can be performed. Useful phagocytotic cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) , purified monocytes from PBMC, or U937 cells differentiated to the mononuclear type. Alternatively or additionally, ADCP activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, for example, in an animal model (see, e.g., Wallace et al., 2001, J. Immunol. Methods 248: 167-82) . Antibodies with little or no ADCP activity may be selected for use.
[0154] “Fc receptor” or “FcR” describes a receptor that binds to the Fc region of an antibody. An exemplary FcR is a native sequence human FcR. Moreover, an exemplary FcR is one that binds an IgG antibody (e.g., a gamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced forms of these receptors. FcγRII receptors include FcγRIIA (an “activating receptor” ) and FcγRIIB (an “inhibiting receptor” ) , which have similar amino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof (see, e.g., 1997, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15: 203-34) . Various FcRs are known (see, e.g., Ravetch and Kinet, 1991, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-92; Capel et al., 1994, Immunomethods 4: 25-34; and de Haas et al., 1995, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126: 330-41) . Other FcRs, including those to be identified in the future, are encompassed by the term “FcR” herein. The term also includes the neonatal receptor, FcRn, which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgGs to the fetus (see, e.g., Guyer et al., 1976, J. Immunol. 117: 587-93; and Kim et al., 1994, Eu. J. Immunol. 24: 2429-34) . Antibody variants with improved or diminished binding to FcRs have been described (see, e.g., WO 2000 / 42072; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,183,387; 7,332,581; and 7.335, 742; Shields et al. 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 9 (2) : 6591-604) .
[0155] “Complement dependent cytotoxicity” or “CDC” refers to the lysis of a target cell in the presence of complement. Activation of the classical complement pathway is initiated by the binding of the first component of the complement system (C1q) to antibodies (of the appropriate subclass) which are bound to their cognate antigen. To assess complement activation, a CDC assay (see, e.g., Gazzano-Santoro et al., 1996, J. Immunol. Methods 202: 163) may be performed. Polypeptide variants with altered Fc region amino acid sequences (polypeptides with a variant Fc region) and increased or decreased C1q binding capability have been described (see, e.g., US Pat. No. 6,194,551; WO 1999 / 51642; Idusogie et al., 2000, J. Immunol. 164: 4178-84) . Antibodies with little or no CDC activity may be selected for use.
[0156] The term “antibody” is intended to include a polypeptide product of B cells within the immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is able to bind to a specific molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, wherein each pair has one heavy chain (about 50-70 kDa) and one light chain (about 25 kDa) , each amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to about 130 or more amino acids, and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chain includes a constant region. See, e.g., Antibody Engineering (Borrebaeck ed., 2d ed. 1995) ; and Kuby, Immunology (3d ed. 1997) . In specific embodiments, the specific molecular antigen can be bound by an antibody provided herein, including a polypeptide, a fragment or an epitope thereof. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, camelized antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments of any of the above, which refers to a portion of an antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains some or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived. Non-limiting examples of functional fragments include single-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc. ) , Fab fragments, F (ab’) fragments, F (ab) 2 fragments, F (ab’) 2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (dsFv) , Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody, and minibody. In particular, antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, for example, antigen-binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site (e.g., one or more CDRs of an antibody) . Such antibody fragments can be found in, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (1989) ; Mol. Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference (Myers ed., 1995) ; Huston et al., 1993, Cell Biophysics 22: 189-224; Plückthun and Skerra, 1989, Meth. Enzymol. 178: 497-515; and Day, Advanced Immunochemistry (2d ed. 1990) . The antibodies provided herein can be of any class (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA) or any subclass (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) of immunoglobulin molecule.
[0157] The term “administer” or “administration” refers to the act of injecting or otherwise physically delivering a substance as it exists outside the body (e.g., a lipid nanoparticle composition as described herein) into a patient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular delivery, and / or any other method of physical delivery described herein or known in the art. When a disease, disorder, condition, or a symptom thereof, is being treated, administration of the substance typically occurs after the onset of the disease, disorder, condition, or symptoms thereof. When a disease, disorder, condition, or symptoms thereof, are being prevented, administration of the substance typically occurs before the onset of the disease, disorder, condition, or symptoms thereof.
[0158] “Chronic” administration refers to administration of the agent (s) in a continuous mode (e.g., for a period of time such as days, weeks, months, or years) as opposed to an acute mode, so as to maintain the initial therapeutic effect (activity) for an extended period of time. “Intermittent” administration is treatment that is not consecutively done without interruption, but rather is cyclic in nature.
[0159] The term “targeted delivery” or the verb form “target” as used herein refers to the process that promotes the arrival of a delivered agent (such as a therapeutic payload molecule in a lipid nanoparticle composition as described herein) at a specific organ, tissue, cell and / or intracellular compartment (referred to as the targeted location) more than any other organ, tissue, cell or intracellular compartment (referred to as the non-target location) . Targeted delivery can be detected using methods known in the art, for example, by comparing the concentration of the delivered agent in a targeted cell population with the concentration of the delivered agent at a non-target cell population after systemic administration. In certain embodiments, targeted delivery results in at least 2 fold higher concentration at a targeted location as compared to a non-target location.
[0160] An “effective amount” is generally an amount sufficient to reduce the severity and / or frequency of symptoms, eliminate the symptoms and / or underlying cause, prevent the occurrence of symptoms and / or their underlying cause, and / or improve or remediate the damage that results from or is associated with a disease, disorder, or condition, including, for example, infection and neoplasia. In some embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount.
[0161] The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein refers to the amount of an agent (e.g., a vaccine composition) that is sufficient to reduce and / or ameliorate the severity and / or duration of a given disease, disorder, or condition, and / or a symptom related thereto (e.g., an infectious disease such as caused by viral infection, or a neoplastic disease such as cancer) . A “therapeutically effective amount” of a substance / molecule / agent of the present disclosure (e.g., the lipid nanoparticle composition as described herein) may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the substance / molecule / agent to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the substance / molecule / agent are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. In certain embodiments, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a lipid nanoparticle composition as described herein or a therapeutic or prophylactic agent contained therein (e.g., a therapeutic mRNA) effective to “treat” a disease, disorder, or condition, in a subject or mammal.
[0162] A “prophylactically effective amount” is an amount of an agent or a pharmaceutical composition (e.g., a vaccine composition) that, when administered to a subject, will have the intended prophylactic effect, e.g., preventing, delaying, or reducing the likelihood of the onset (or reoccurrence) of a disease, disorder, condition, or associated symptom (s) (e.g., an infectious disease such as caused by viral infection, or a neoplastic disease such as cancer) . In some embodiments, the term “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount of a lipid nanoparticle composition described herein or a prophylactic agent contained therein (e.g., a nucleic acid, such as, e.g., a nucleic acid described in Section 5.4 or 6, including an mRNA) effective to “prevent” a disease, disorder, or condition, in a subject or mammal. Typically, but not necessarily, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of a disease, disorder, or condition, a prophylactically effective amount may be less than a therapeutically effective amount. The full therapeutic or prophylactic effect does not necessarily occur by administration of one dose, and may occur only after administration of a series of doses. Thus, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations.
[0163] The terms “prevent, ” “preventing, ” and “prevention” refer to reducing the likelihood of the onset (or recurrence) of a disease, disorder, condition, or associated symptom (s) (e.g., an infectious disease such as caused by viral infection, or a neoplastic disease such as cancer) .
[0164] The terms “manage, ” “managing, ” and “management” refer to the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) , which does not result in a cure of the disease. In certain embodiments, a subject is administered one or more therapies (e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as a lipid nanoparticle composition as described herein) to “manage” an infectious or neoplastic disease, one or more symptoms thereof, so as to prevent the progression or worsening of the disease.
[0165] The term “prophylactic agent” refers to any agent that can totally or partially inhibit the development, recurrence, onset, or spread of disease and / or symptom related thereto in a subject. In some embodiments, a prophylactic agent comprises or consists of a nucleic acid described herein (e.g., a nucleic acid described in Section 5.4 or Section 6) . In some embodiments, a prophylactic agent comprises or consists of a protein described herein (e.g., a protein described in Section 5.3) . In some embodiments, a prophylactic agent comprises or consists of a vector comprising a nucleic acid described herein.
[0166] The term “therapeutic agent” refers to any agent that can be used in treating, preventing, or alleviating a disease, disorder, or condition, including in the treatment, prevention, or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition and / or a symptom related thereto. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid described herein (e.g., a nucleic acid described in Section 5.4 or Section 6) . In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a protein described herein (e.g., a protein described in Section 5.3) . In some embodiments, a prophylactic agent comprises or consists of a vector comprising a nucleic acid described herein.
[0167] The term “therapy” refers to any protocol, method, and / or agent that can be used in the prevention, management, treatment, and / or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or condition. In certain embodiments, the terms “therapies” and “therapy” refer to a biological therapy, supportive therapy, and / or other therapies useful in the prevention, management, treatment, and / or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or condition, known to one of skill in the art such as medical personnel.
[0168] As used herein, a “prophylactically effective serum titer” is the serum titer of an antibody in a subject (e.g., a human) , that totally or partially inhibits the development, recurrence, onset, or spread of a disease, disorder, or condition, and / or symptom related thereto in the subject.
[0169] In certain embodiments, a “therapeutically effective serum titer” is the serum titer of an antibody in a subject (e.g., a human) , that reduces the severity, the duration, and / or the symptoms associated with a disease, disorder, or condition, in the subject.
[0170] The term “serum titer” refers to an average serum titer in a subject from multiple samples (e.g., at multiple time points) or in a population of at least 10, at least 20, at least 40 subjects, up to about 100, 1000, or more.
[0171] The term “side effects” encompasses unwanted and / or adverse effects of a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) . Unwanted effects are not necessarily adverse. An adverse effect from a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) might be harmful, uncomfortable, or risky. Examples of side effects include, diarrhea, cough, gastroenteritis, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramping, fever, pain, loss of body weight, dehydration, alopecia, dyspenea, insomnia, dizziness, mucositis, nerve and muscle effects, fatigue, dry mouth, loss of appetite, rashes or swellings at the site of administration, flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue, digestive tract problems, and allergic reactions. Additional undesired effects experienced by patients are numerous and known in the art. Many are described in Physician’s Desk Reference (68th ed. 2014) .
[0172] The terms “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably. As used herein, in certain embodiments, a subject is a mammal, such as a non-primate (e.g., cow, pig, horse, cat, dog, rat, etc. ) or a primate (e.g., monkey and human) . In specific embodiments, the subject is a human. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human) having an infectious disease or neoplastic disease. In another embodiment, the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human) at risk of developing an infectious disease or neoplastic disease.
[0173] The term “elderly human” refers to a human 65 years or older. The term “human adult” refers to a human that is 18 years or older. The term “human child” refers to a human that is 1 year to 18 years old. The term “human toddler” refers to a human that is 1 year to 3 years old. The term “human infant” refers to a newborn to 1 year old human.
[0174] The term “detectable probe” refers to a composition that provides a detectable signal. The term includes, without limitation, any fluorophore, chromophore, radiolabel, enzyme, antibody or antibody fragment, and the like, that provide a detectable signal via its activity.
[0175] The term “detectable agent” refers to a substance that can be used to ascertain the existence or presence of a desired molecule, such as an antigen encoded by an mRNA molecule as described herein, in a sample or subject. A detectable agent can be a substance that is capable of being visualized or a substance that is otherwise able to be determined and / or measured (e.g., by quantitation) .
[0176] “Substantially all” refers to at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.
[0177] As used herein, and unless otherwise indicated, the term “about” or “approximately” means an acceptable error for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured or determined. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 1, 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.05%, or less of a given value or range.
[0178] The singular terms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” as used herein include the plural reference unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0179] All publications, patent applications, accession numbers, and other references cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided can be different from the actual publication dates which can need to be independently confirmed.
[0180] A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the descriptions in the Experimental section and examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the scope of invention described in the claims.
[0181] 5.3 Proteins
[0182] VZV glycoproteins include glycoprotein E (gE) , glycoprotein B (gB) , glycoprotein H (gH) , and glycoprotein L (gL) with gE being the most abundant VSV glycoprotein expressed by VZV-infected cells. VZV gE is generally 623 amino acid residues in length and includes a signal peptide (generally amino acid residues 1-30 of full length gE; e.g., the signal peptide of GenBank Accession No. AAG32558.1 consists of amino acid residues 1-30 of GenBank Accession No. AAG32558.1) and a transmembrane domain. Mature gE lacks the signal peptide. VZV gE forms a heterodimer with gI and the heterodimer gE / gI is required for cell-to-cell spread of the virus. In addition, the VZV gE / gI heterodimer interacts with the Fc region of IgG. VZV gE binds to insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) . VZV gE is phosphorylated by the viral kinase encoded by ORF47. Exemplary VZV gE may be found in GenBank Accession Nos. AAG32558.1, AAF61669.1, AAK19946.1, AAK01056.1, AAK19955.1, ABF21641.1, ABF22006.1, ABF22152.1, ABF22152.1, ABF22225.1, ABF22298.1, AEW88044.1, AEW88116.1, AAY57677.1, AAY57748.1, Q9J3M8.1, CAA27951.1, QCA47220.1, AEW88980.1, WWU03079.1, and AEW88548.1, and Uniprot Nos. Q9J3M8, an P09259. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the Dumas strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the KPZ13-287 strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the VZVi / Munich. GER / 30.07 / Z [3] strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the NSYY3 strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the 1002 / 2008 strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the NSYY3 strain. In some embodiments, the VZV gE is the gE of the Oka strain.
[0183] In some embodiments, provided herein is fragment of a mature VZV gE, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at least one and at most 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, or 31 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 30 or 29 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 28 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 27 or 26 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the truncation is a truncation of at most 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acid residues or at most one amino acid residue from the C-terminal of the mature gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0184] In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises one, two, three, four, five, or all of the amino acid substitutions selected from Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A. and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0185] In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitution Y569A, wherein amino acid residue position number 569 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitution Y582G, wherein amino acid residue position 582 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and S593A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, and 593 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S595A wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, and 595 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and T596A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and S595A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, 593, and 595 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, 593, 595, and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0186] In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitution S593A, wherein amino acid residue position 593 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitution S595A wherein amino acid residue position 595 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T596A, wherein amino acid residue position 596 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T598A, wherein amino acid residue position 598 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A and S595A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593 and 595 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593 and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S595A and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 595 and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S595A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 595 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions T596A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 596 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A, S595A, and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593, 595, and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A, S595A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593, 595, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S595A, T596A. T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions S593A, S595A, T596A. T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue position numbers 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0187] In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and S593A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 593 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and S595A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 595 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A and S595A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593 and 595 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593 and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S595A and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 595 and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S595A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 595 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, T596A and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 596 and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A, S595A, and T596A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593, 595, and 596 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A, S595A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593, 595, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S595A, T596A. T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE further comprises the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, S593A, S595A, T596A. T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0188] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising the fragment of a mature gE of VZV, and a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE is a fragment described herein (e.g., a fragment of mature gE described in this Section or the Examples in Section 6) . In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In specific embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some embodiments, the fragment of the mature gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12.
[0189] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, and the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE and amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers according to full length VZV gE, and the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0190] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE and amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residues 569 and 582 are amino acid residues position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises an amino acid sequences that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises an amino acid sequences that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0191] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residues 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residues position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0192] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residues 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residues position numbers according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0193] In some embodiments, provided herein is a fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature gE of VZV and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 50 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE and amino acid residue substitution Y569A, wherein amino acid residue 569 is the amino acid residue position number according to full length VZV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the fragment comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0194] In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and S593A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and S595A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and T596A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and S595A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and T596A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S595A, and T596A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S595A, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, T596A, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a full length gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A relative to the full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0195] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises (i) a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE, and (ii) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises the signal peptide of the VZV gE. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide of the protein is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0196] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid reside position numbers of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises the signal peptide of the VZV gE. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises: an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide of the protein is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0197] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid reside position numbers of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises the signal peptide of the VZV gE. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises: an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide of the protein is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0198] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid reside position numbers of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises the signal peptide of the VZV gE. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises: an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide of the protein is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0199] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising a mutant of a mature gE of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises: (i) a truncation of 50 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE protein, and (ii) amino acid residue substitution Y569A, wherein amino acid residue position 569 is the amino acid reside position of full length VSV gE. In some embodiments, the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises the signal peptide of the VZV gE that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the protein further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the human IgE signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the heterologous signal peptide of the protein is a human tPA signal peptide. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the human tPA signal peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.
[0200] In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of a VZV gE mutein disclosed in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of VZV gE mutein-1 disclosed in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of VZV gE mutein-2 disclosed in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of VZV gE mutein-3 disclosed in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of VZV gE mutein-4 disclosed in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of VZV gE mutein-5 disclosed in Table 1.
[0201] In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a VZV gE protein described in Section 6 below. In some embodiments, provided herein is a mutant of a VZV gE described in Section 6 below other than a control. In some embodiments, provided herein is mutant of a VZV gE encoded by a nucleic acid described in Section 6 below other than a control.
[0202] In some embodiments, a fragment described herein, mutant described herein, or fusion protein described herein has a similar structure as wild-type VZV gE as assessed by techniques known to one of skill in the art, such as, e.g., X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, or binding to antibodies specific for conformational epitopes of wild-type VZV gE. In some embodiments, a protein described herein comprising a mutant of mature gE has a similar structure as wild-type VZV gE as assessed by techniques known to one of skill in the art, such as, e.g., X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, or binding to antibodies specific for conformational epitopes of wild-type VZV gE.
[0203] In some embodiments, a fragment described herein, mutant described herein, or fusion protein described herein retains at least one activity or function of mature VZV gE. In some embodiments, a protein described herein comprising a mutant of mature gE retains at least one activity or function of mature VZV gE. For example, in some embodiments, the ability to form a heterodimer with gI is retained. In another example, in some embodiments, the ability to bind to Fc receptor is retained. In another example, in some embodiments, the ability to bind to insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is retained. In another example, in some embodiments, the ability to be phosphorylated by the viral kinase encoded by ORF47 is retained.
[0204] 5.4 Therapeutic Nucleic Acids
[0205] In one aspect, provided herein are therapeutic nucleic acid molecules for the management, prevention and treatment of VZV infection. In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid encodes a peptide or polypeptide, which upon administration into a subject in need thereof, is expressed by the cells in the subject to produce the encoded peptide or polypeptide. In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecules are DNA molecules. In other embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecules are RNA molecules. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecules are mRNA molecules.
[0206] In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecule is formulated in a vaccine composition. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition is a genetic vaccine as described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition comprises an mRNA molecule as described herein.
[0207] In some embodiments, the mRNA molecule of the present disclosure encodes a peptide or polypeptide of interest, including any naturally or non-naturally occurring or otherwise modified polypeptide. A peptide or polypeptide encoded by an mRNA may be of any size and may have any secondary structure or activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide encoded by an mRNA payload can have a therapeutic effect when expressed in a cell.
[0208] In some embodiment, the mRNA molecule of the present disclosure comprises at least one coding region encoding a peptide or polypeptide of interest (e.g., an open reading frame (ORF) ) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule further comprises at least one untranslated region (UTR) . In particular embodiments, the untranslated region (UTR) is located upstream (to the 5’-end) of the coding region, and is referred to herein as the 5’-UTR. In particular embodiments, the untranslated region (UTR) is located downstream (to the 3’-end) of the coding region, and is referred to herein as the 3’-UTR. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises both a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises a 5’-Cap structure. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a Kozak sequence (e.g., in the 5’-UTR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a poly-A region (e.g., in the 3’-UTR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a polyadenylation signal (e.g., in the 3’-UTR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises stabilizing region (e.g., in the 3’-UTR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a secondary structure. In some embodiments, the secondary structure is a stem-loop. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a stem-loop sequence (e.g., in the 5’-UTR and / or the 3’-UTR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more intronic regions capable of being excised during splicing. In a specific embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more region selected from a 5’-UTR, and a coding region. In a specific embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more region selected from a coding region and a 3’-UTR. In a specific embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more region selected from a 5’-UTR, a coding region, and a 3’-UTR.
[0209] 5.4.1 Coding Region
[0210] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure comprises at least one coding region. In some embodiments, the coding region is an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes for a single peptide or protein. In some embodiments, the coding region comprises at least two ORFs, each encoding a peptide or protein. In those embodiments where the coding region comprises more than one ORFs, the encoded peptides and / or proteins can be the same as or different from each other. In some embodiments, the multiple ORFs in a coding region are separated by non-coding sequences. In specific embodiments, a non-coding sequence separating two ORFs comprises an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) .
[0211] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) can act as the sole ribosome binding site, or serve as one of multiple ribosome binding sites of an mRNA. An mRNA molecule containing more than one functional ribosome binding site can encode several peptides or proteins that are translated independently by the ribosomes (e.g., multicistronic mRNA) . Accordingly, in some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises one or more internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) . Examples of IRES sequences that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include, without limitation, those from picomaviruses (e.g., FMDV) , pest viruses (CFFV) , polio viruses (PV) , encephalomyocarditis viruses (ECMV) , foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) , hepatitis C viruses (HCV) , classical swine fever viruses (CSFV) , murine leukemia virus (MLV) , simian immune deficiency viruses (SIV) or cricket paralysis viruses (CrPV) .
[0212] In various embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encodes for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more than 10 peptides or proteins. Peptides and proteins encoded by a nucleic acid molecule can be the same or different. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encodes a dipeptide (e.g., camosine and anserine) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a tripeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a tetrapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a pentapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a hexapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a heptapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes an octapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a nonapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a decapeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 15 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 50 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 100 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 150 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 300 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 500 amino acids. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a peptide or polypeptide that has at least about 1000 amino acids.
[0213] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least about 30 nucleotides (nt) in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 35 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 40 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 45 nt in length. In some embodiments the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 50 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 55 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 60 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 65 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 70 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 75 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 80 nt in length. In some embodiments the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 85 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 90 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 95 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 100 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 120 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 140 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 160 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 180 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 200 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 250 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 300 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 400 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 500 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 600 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 700 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 800 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 900 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1000 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1100 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1200 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1300 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1400 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1500 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1600 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1700 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1800 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 1900 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 2000 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 2500 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 3000 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 3500 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 4000 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 4500 nt in length. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 5000 nt in length.
[0214] In specific embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure is formulated as a vaccine composition (e.g., a genetic vaccine) as described herein. In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid encodes a peptide or protein capable of eliciting immunity against one or more target conditions or disease. In some embodiments, the target condition is related to or caused by infection by a pathogen, such as VZV. In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid sequence (e.g., mRNA) encoding a pathogenic protein characteristic for the pathogen, or an immunogenic fragment (e.g., epitope) or derivative thereof. The vaccine, upon administration to a vaccinated subject, allows for expression of the encoded pathogenic protein (or the immunogenic fragment or derivative thereof) , thereby eliciting immunity in the subject against the pathogen.
[0215] In specific embodiments, provided herein are therapeutic compositions (e.g., vaccine compositions) for the management, prevention and treatment of a diseases or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV.
[0216] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that VZV, i.e., varicella zoster virus, also known as human herpesvirus type 3, is a double stranded DNA virus, belonging to alpha herpes virus. VZV has only one serotype. VZV has a genome comprising 71 genes and encoding 67 proteins, including 6 glycoproteins, which are now named gE, gB, gH, gI, gC, and gL. Glycoproteins gE, gB and gH are very abundant in infected cells, and also present in the envelop of virions. Antibodies induced by the three main glycoproteins can neutralize the virus. Specific humoral and cellular immunity and cytokines such as interferon play a major role in limiting the spread of VZV and in recovery, wherein specific cellular immunity is especially important.
[0217] Accordingly, in some embodiments, provided herein are therapeutic nucleic acids encoding a viral peptide or protein derived from VZV. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a viral peptide or protein derived from VZV, where the viral peptide or protein is one or more selected from (a) the gE protein, (b) the gB protein, (c) the gH protein, (d) the gI protein, (e) the gC protein, (f) the gL protein, (g) an immunogenic fragment of any one of (a) to (f) , and (h) a functional derivative of any one of (a) to (g) .
[0218] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the VZV gE protein, or an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein, or a functional derivative of the gE protein or the immunogenic fragment thereof. Table 1 shows, among others, exemplary VZV native antigen sequences.
[0219] Table 1 Exemplary sequences of VZV antigens.
[0220] Note: sequence in italic (in case of full length protein) is signal peptide.
[0221] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the mature gE protein of VZV, wherein the mature gE protein has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the mature gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the mature gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the full length gE protein of VZV, wherein the full length gE protein has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the full length gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the full length gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0222] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a functional derivative of the gE protein of VZV. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the immunogenic fragment of the gE protein comprises a truncation of at least 1 amino acid residue and at most 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the immunogenic fragment of the gE protein comprises a truncation of 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid residue (s) from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the immunogenic fragment of the gE protein comprises a truncation of 11-18 (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18) or 34-44 (e.g., 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44) amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the immunogenic fragment of the gE protein comprises a truncation of 12-16 (e.g., 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) or 35-39 (e.g., 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39) amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes an immunogenic fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the immunogenic fragment of the gE protein comprises a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0223] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution Y569A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution Y582G. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitutions Y569A and Y582G. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution S593A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution S595A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution T596A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitution T598A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitutions S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutant of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutant comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A. In such embodiments, the amino acid positions are numbered on the basis of the full length gE protein. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0224] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution Y569A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, or 31 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution Y582G, with or without the substitution Y569A. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A and Y582G. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 30 or 29 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution S593A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G and S593A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 28 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution S595A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, and S595A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 27 or 26 amino acid residues from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution T596A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A and / or S595A. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, and T596A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment comprises a truncation of 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acid residues or 1 amino acid residue from the C-terminal as compared with the mature gE protein. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment optionally comprises the substitution T598A, with or without the substitutions Y569A and / or Y582G and / or S593A and / or S595A and / or T596A. In such embodiments, the mutated fragment comprises the substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the mutated fragment has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a mutated fragment of the gE protein of VZV, wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0225] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes a fusion protein comprising the VZV gE protein or a fragment thereof fused to a trimerization peptide, such that the fusion protein is capable of forming a trimeric complex comprising three copies of the gE protein or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the gE protein or fragment thereof is fused to a trimerization peptide via a peptidic linker.
[0226] Table 2 shows exemplary trimerization peptide and linker peptide that can be used in connection with the present disclosure, and sequences of fusion proteins.
[0227] Table 2 Exemplary sequences of linker peptides and trimerization peptides.
[0228] In some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid encodes a fusion protein comprising the gE protein of VZV or a functional derivative thereof fused to a trimerization peptide. In some embodiments, the fusion between the gE protein and the trimerization peptide is via a peptide linker. In specific embodiments, the peptide linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the trimerization peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0229] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid encodes a fusion protein comprising the gE protein of VZV fused to a trimerization peptide, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid encodes a fusion protein comprising the gE protein of VZV fused to a trimerization peptide, wherein the nucleic acid comprises an RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0230] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that a fusion protein comprising a viral peptide or polypeptide fused to an immunoglobulin Fc region can enhance immunogenicity of the viral peptide or polypeptide. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encodes a fusion protein comprising a viral peptide or protein derived from VZV fused with an Fc region of an immunoglobulin. In particular embodiments, the viral peptide or protein is one or more selected from (a) the gE protein, (b) the gB protein, (c) the gH protein, (d) the gI protein, (e) the gC protein, (f) the gL protein, (g) an immunogenic fragment of any one of (a) to (f) , and (h) a functional derivative of any one of (a) to (g) . In particular embodiments, the immunoglobulin is human immunoglobulin (Ig) . In particular embodiments, the immunoglobulin is human IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, or IgM. In particular embodiments, the immunoglobulin is human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin Fc is fused to the N terminus of the viral peptide or polypeptide. In other embodiments, the immunoglobulin Fc is fused to the C terminus of the viral peptide or polypeptide.
[0231] Without being bound by theory, it is contemplated that a signal peptide can mediate transportation of a polypeptide fused thereto to particular locations of a cell. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure encodes a fusion protein comprising a viral peptide or protein fused to a signal peptide. In particular embodiments, the viral peptide or protein is one or more selected from (a) the gE protein, (b) the gB protein, (c) the gH protein, (d) the gI protein, (e) the gC protein, (f) the gL protein, (g) an immunogenic fragment of any one of (a) to (f) , and (h) a functional derivative of any one of (a) to (g) . In some embodiments, the signal peptide is fused to the N terminus of the viral peptide or polypeptide. In other embodiments, the signal peptide is fused to the C terminus of the viral peptide or polypeptide. Table 3 shows exemplary sequences for signal peptides that can be use in connection with the present disclosure, and exemplary VZV antigenic sequences comprising the signal peptides.
[0232] Table 3: Exemplary sequences of signal peptides.
[0233] In particular embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by a gene of the VZV from which the viral peptide or polypeptide is derived. In particular embodiments, a signal peptide encoded by a gene of VZV is fused to a viral peptide or polypeptide encoded by a different gene of VZV. In other embodiments, a signal peptide encoded by a gene of VZV is fused to a viral peptide or polypeptide encoded by the same gene of VZV. For example, in some embodiments, a signal peptide having amino acid sequence of MGTVNKPVVGVLMGFGIITGTLRITNPVRA (SEQ ID NO: 18) is fused to the viral peptide or polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the viral peptide or protein is one or more selected from (a) the E protein, (b) the B protein, (c) the H protein, (d) the I protein, (e) the C protein, (f) the L protein, (g) an immunogenic fragment of any one of (a) to (f) , and (h) a functional derivative of any one of (a) to (g) .
[0234] In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the gE protein or fragment of VZV without the native signal peptide. In particular embodiments, the encoded gE protein or fragment comprises a signal peptide having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or 27. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the gE protein or fragment of VZV having a signal peptide, and wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, 26 or 28. In particular embodiments, the therapeutic nucleic acid of the present disclosure encodes the gE protein or fragment of VZV having a signal peptide, and wherein the therapeutic nucleic acid comprises a RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, 26 or 28. In some embodiments, the RNA sequence is in vitro transcribed. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA molecule.
[0235] In other embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by an exogenous gene sequence that does not present in VZV from which the viral peptide or polypeptide is derived. In some embodiments, a heterologous signal peptide replaces a homologous signal peptide in the fusion protein encoded by the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure. In specific embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by a mammalian gene. In specific embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by human Immunoglobulin gene. In specific embodiments, the signal peptide is encoded by human IgE gene. For example, in some embodiments, a signal peptide having amino acid sequence of MDWTWILFLVAAATRVHS (SEQ ID NO: 23) is fused to the viral peptide or polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the viral peptide or protein is one or more selected from (a) the E protein, (b) the B protein, (c) the H protein, (d) the I protein, (e) the C protein, (f) the L protein, (g) an immunogenic fragment of any one of (a) to (f) , and (h) a functional derivative of any one of (a) to (g) .
[0236] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fragment of a mature gE described in Section 5.3. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein described in Section 5.3. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a mutant of full length VZV gE described in Section 5.3. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described in Section 5.3. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0237] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein or fusion protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant or fragment of mature gE and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein or fusion protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant or fragment of mature gE and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0238] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant of mature gE and a signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant of mature gE and a signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the signal peptide is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0239] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein or the fusion protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant or fragment of mature gE and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the human tPA signal peptide comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a protein or the fusion protein described in Section 5.3, comprising a mutant or fragment of mature gE and a human tPA signal peptide, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the human tPA signal peptide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0240] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0241] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ IN NO: 7. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ IN NO: 9. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ IN NO: 11. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ IN NO: 13. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ IN NO: 4 or 5. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0242] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid consists of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0243] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0244] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, or at least 94%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0245] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 52, 53, or 54. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 52, 53, or 54. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, or at least 84%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 52, 53, or 54. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, or at least 89%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 52, 53, or 54. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, 49, 50, 52, 53, or 5460, 61, 62, 63, or 64. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising a nucleotide sequence with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49, 50, 52, 53, or 54. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is non-naturally occurring. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0246] In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid set forth in Table 1 or an mRNA of a nucleic acid set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid set forth in Table 1 other than SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 56, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid set forth in Table 1 other than SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 56. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of a VZV gE mutein coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein-1 coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein-1 coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein-2 coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein-2 coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein-3 coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein-3 coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein-4 coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein-4 coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid comprising a VZV gE mutein-5 coding sequence set forth in Table 1, or an mRNA of a nucleic acid of a VZV gE mutein-5 coding sequence set forth in Table 1. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs (e.g., one or more functional nucleotide analogs described in Section 5.4.6, 5.4.7, and / or 5.4.8) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is mRNA and the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages (e.g., one or more modified internucleoside linkages described in Section 5.4.9) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-cap structure, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.2. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3, and a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.3. In some embodiments, the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid further comprises a 5’-UTR and a 3’-UTR, wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In some embodiments, the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal, such as, e.g., described in Section 5.4.4.
[0247] In specific embodiments, the coding nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid (e.g., a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid) described herein has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a subject, optionally, wherein the subject is a non-human mammal or a human.
[0248] In specific embodiments, a nucleic acid (e.g., a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid) described herein is mRNA, and wherein thymines (e.g., in the corresponding DNA sequence) are substituted for uracils or a functional analog thereof in the nucleic acid.
[0249] In specific embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid described in Section 6 below. In specific embodiments, provided herein is a codon optimized nucleic acid described in Section 6 below. In specific embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid described in Section 6 below. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding a mutant of a VZV gE described in Section 6 below other than a control.
[0250] 5.4.2 5’-Cap Structure
[0251] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that, a 5’-cap structure of a polynucleotide is involved in nuclear export and increasing polynucleotide stability and binds the mRNA Cap Binding Protein (CBP) , which is responsible for polynucleotide stability in the cell and translation competency through the association of CBP with poly-A binding protein to form the mature cyclic mRNA species. The 5’-cap structure further assists the removal of 5’-proximal introns removal during mRNA splicing. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure comprise a 5’-cap structure.
[0252] Nucleic acid molecules may be 5’-end capped by the endogenous transcription machinery of a cell to generate a 5’-ppp-5’-triphosphate linkage between a terminal guanosine cap residue and the 5’-terminal transcribed sense nucleotide of the polynucleotide. This 5’-guanylate cap may then be methylated to generate an N7-methyl-guanylate residue. The ribose sugars of the terminal and / or anteterminal transcribed nucleotides of the 5’ end of the polynucleotide may optionally also be 2’-O-methylated. 5’-decapping through hydrolysis and cleavage of the guanylate cap structure may target a nucleic acid molecule, such as an mRNA molecule, for degradation.
[0253] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure comprise one or more alterations to the natural 5’-cap structure generated by the endogenous process. Without being bound by the theory, a modification on the 5’-cap may increase the stability of polynucleotide, increase the half-life of the polynucleotide, and could increase the polynucleotide translational efficiency.
[0254] Exemplary alterations to the natural 5’-Cap structure include generation of a non-hydrolyzable cap structure preventing decapping and thus increasing polynucleotide half-life. In some embodiments, because cap structure hydrolysis requires cleavage of 5’-ppp-5’ phosphorodiester linkages, in some embodiments, modified nucleotides may be used during the capping reaction. For example, in some embodiments, a Vaccinia Capping Enzyme from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, Mass. ) may be used with α-thio-guanosine nucleotides according to the manufacturer’s instructions to create a phosphorothioate linkage in the 5’-ppp-5’ cap. Additional modified guanosine nucleotides may be used, such as α-methyl-phosphonate and seleno-phosphate nucleotides.
[0255] Additional exemplary alterations to the natural 5’-Cap structure also include modification at the 2’-and / or 3’-position of a capped guanosine triphosphate (GTP) , a replacement of the sugar ring oxygen (that produced the carbocyclic ring) with a methylene moiety (CH2) , a modification at the triphosphate bridge moiety of the cap structure, or a modification at the nucleobase (G) moiety.
[0256] Additional exemplary alterations to the natural 5’-cap structure include, but are not limited to, 2’-O-methylation of the ribose sugars of 5’-terminal and / or 5’-anteterminal nucleotides of the polynucleotide (as mentioned above) on the 2’-hydroxy group of the sugar. Multiple distinct 5’-cap structures can be used to generate the 5’-cap of a polynucleotide, such as an mRNA molecule. Additional exemplary 5’-Cap structures that can be used in connection with the present disclosure further include those described in International Patent Publication Nos. WO 2008 / 127688, WO 2008 / 016473, and WO 2011 / 015347, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0257] In various embodiments, 5’-terminal caps can include cap analogs. Cap analogs, which herein are also referred to as synthetic cap analogs, chemical caps, chemical cap analogs, or structural or functional cap analogs, differ from natural (i.e., endogenous, wild-type, or physiological) 5’-caps in their chemical structure, while retaining cap function. Cap analogs may be chemically (i.e., non-enzymatically) or enzymatically synthesized and / linked to a polynucleotide.
[0258] For example, the Anti-Reverse Cap Analog (ARCA) cap contains two guanosines linked by a 5’-5’-triphosphate group, wherein one guanosine contains an N7-methyl group as well as a 3’-O-methyl group (i.e., N7, 3’-O-dimethyl-guanosine-5’-triphosphate-5’-guanosine, m7G-3’mppp-G, which may equivalently be designated 3’ O-Me- m7G(5’) ppp (5’) G) . The 3’-O atom of the other, unaltered, guanosine becomes linked to the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the capped polynucleotide (e.g., an mRNA) . The N7-and 3’-O-methlyated guanosine provides the terminal moiety of the capped polynucleotide (e.g., mRNA) . Another exemplary cap structure is mCAP, which is similar to ARCA but has a 2’-O-methyl group on guanosine (i.e., N7, 2’-O-dimethyl-guanosine-5’-triphosphate-5’-guanosine, m7Gm-ppp-G) .
[0259] In some embodiments, a cap analog can be a dinucleotide cap analog. As a non-limiting example, the dinucleotide cap analog may be modified at different phosphate positions with a boranophosphate group or a phophoroselenoate group such as the dinucleotide cap analogs described in U.S. Patent No.: 8,519,110, the entire content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0260] In some embodiments, a cap analog can be a N7- (4-chlorophenoxyethyl) substituted dinucleotide cap analog known in the art and / or described herein. Non-limiting examples of N7- (4-chlorophenoxyethyl) substituted dinucleotide cap analogs include a N7- (4-chlorophenoxyethyl) -G (5’) ppp (5’) G and a N7- (4-chlorophenoxyethyl) -m3’-OG (5’) ppp (5’) G cap analog (see, e.g., the various cap analogs and the methods of synthesizing cap analogs described in Kore et al. Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry 2013 21: 4570-4574; the entire content of which is herein incorporated by reference) . In other embodiments, a cap analog useful in connection with the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure is a 4-chloro / bromophenoxyethyl analog.
[0261] In various embodiments, a cap analog can include a guanosine analog. Useful guanosine analogs include but are not limited to inosine, N1-methyl-guanosine, 2’-fluoro-guanosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 2-amino-guanosine, LNA-guanosine, and 2-azido-guanosine.
[0262] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that while cap analogs allow for the concomitant capping of a polynucleotide in an in vitro transcription reaction, up to 20%of transcripts remain uncapped. This, as well as the structural differences of a cap analog from the natural 5’-cap structures of polynucleotides produced by the endogenous transcription machinery of a cell, may lead to reduced translational competency and reduced cellular stability.
[0263] Accordingly, in some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure can also be capped post-transcriptionally, using enzymes, in order to generate more authentic 5’-cap structures. As used herein, the phrase “more authentic” refers to a feature that closely mirrors or mimics, either structurally or functionally, an endogenous or wild type feature. That is, a “more authentic” feature is better representative of an endogenous, wild-type, natural or physiological cellular function, and / or structure as compared to synthetic features or analogs of the prior art, or which outperforms the corresponding endogenous, wild-type, natural, or physiological feature in one or more respects. Non-limiting examples of more authentic 5’-cap structures useful in connection with the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure are those which, among other things, have enhanced binding of cap binding proteins, increased half-life, reduced susceptibility to 5’-endonucleases, and / or reduced 5’-decapping, as compared to synthetic 5’-cap structures known in the art (or to a wild-type, natural or physiological 5’-cap structure) . For example, in some embodiments, recombinant Vaccinia Virus Capping Enzyme and recombinant 2’-O-methyltransferase enzyme can create a canonical 5’-5’-triphosphate linkage between the 5’-terminal nucleotide of a polynucleotide and a guanosine cap nucleotide wherein the cap guanosine contains an N7-methylation and the 5’-terminal nucleotide of the polynucleotide contains a 2’-O-methyl. Such a structure is termed the Cap1 structure. This cap results in a higher translational-competency, cellular stability, and a reduced activation of cellular pro-inflammatory cytokines, as compared, e.g., to other 5’ cap analog structures known in the art. Other exemplary cap structures include 7mG(5’) ppp (5’) N, pN2p (Cap 0) , 7mG (5’) ppp (5’) NlmpNp (Cap 1) , 7mG (5’) -ppp(5’) NlmpN2mp (Cap 2) , and m (7) Gpppm (3) (6, 6, 2’) Apm (2’) Apm (2’) Cpm (2) (3, 2’) Up (Cap 4) . In some embodiments, the cap structure comprises m7 GpppAmpU.
[0264] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure can be capped post-transcriptionally, and because this process is more efficient, nearly 100%of the nucleic acid molecules may be capped.
[0265] In some embodiments, provided herein is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising (1) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, or (2) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising: (1) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, or (2) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU. In some embodiments, provided herein is a nucleic acid consisting of, consisting essentially of, or comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for N1-methylpseudouridine, and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.
[0266] 5.4.3 Untranslated Regions (UTRs)
[0267] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure comprise one or more untranslated regions (UTRs) . In some embodiments, an UTR is positioned upstream to a coding region in the nucleic acid molecule, and is termed 5’-UTR. In some embodiments, an UTR is positioned downstream to a coding region in the nucleic acid molecule, and is termed 3’-UTR. The sequence of an UTR can be homologous or heterologous to the sequence of the coding region found in a nucleic acid molecule. Multiple UTRs can be included in a nucleic acid molecule and can be of the same or different sequences, and / or genetic origin. According to the present disclosure, any portion of UTRs in a nucleic acid molecule (including none) can be codon optimized and any may independently contain one or more different structural or chemical modification, before and / or after codon optimization.
[0268] In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises UTRs and coding regions that are homologous with respect to each other. In other embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises UTRs and coding regions that are heterologous with respect to each other. In some embodiments, to monitor the activity of a UTR sequence, a nucleic acid molecule comprising the UTR and a coding sequence of a detectable probe can be administered in vitro (e.g., cell or tissue culture) or in vivo (e.g., to a subject) , and an effect of the UTR sequence (e.g., modulation on the expression level, cellular localization of the encoded product, or half-life of the encoded product) can be measured using methods known in the art.
[0269] In some embodiments, the UTR of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises at least one translation enhancer element (TEE) that functions to increase the amount of polypeptide or protein produced from the nucleic acid molecule. In some embodiments, the TEE is located in the 5’-UTR of the nucleic acid molecule. In other embodiments, the TEE is located at the 3’-UTR of the nucleic acid molecule. In yet other embodiments, at least two TEE are located at the 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR of the nucleic acid molecule respectively. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) can comprise one or more copies of a TEE sequence or comprise more than one different TEE sequences. In some embodiments, different TEE sequences that are present in a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure can be homologues or heterologous with respect to one another.
[0270] Various TEE sequences that are known in the art and can be used in connection with the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the TEE can be an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) , HCV-IRES or an IRES element. Chappell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 9590-9594, 2004; Zhou et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102: 6273-6278, 2005. Additional internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include but are not limited to those described in U.S. Patent No. 7,468,275, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007 / 0048776 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011 / 0124100 and International Patent Publication No. WO 2007 / 025008 and International Patent Publication No. WO 2001 / 055369, the content of each of which is enclosed herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the TEE can be those described in Supplemental Table 1 and in Supplemental Table 2 of Wellensiek et al Genome-wide profiling of human cap-independent translation-enhancing elements, Nature Methods, 2013 Aug; 10 (8) : 747–750; the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0271] Additional exemplary TEEs that can be used in connection with the present disclosure include but are not limited to the TEE sequences disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,310,197, U.S. Patent No. 6,849,405, U.S. Patent No. 7,456,273, U.S. Patent No. 7,183,395, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009 / 0226470, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013 / 0177581, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007 / 0048776, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011 / 0124100, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009 / 0093049, International Patent Publication No. WO 2009 / 075886, International Patent Publication No. WO 2012 / 009644, and International Patent Publication No. WO 1999 / 024595, International Patent Publication No. WO 2007 / 025008, International Patent Publication No. WO 2001 / 055371, European Patent No. 2610341, European Patent No. 2610340, the content of each of which is enclosed herein by reference in its entirety.
[0272] In various embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises at least one UTR that comprises at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18 at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55 or more than 60 TEE sequences. In some embodiments, the TEE sequences in the UTR of a nucleic acid molecule are copies of the same TEE sequence. In other embodiments, at least two TEE sequences in the UTR of a nucleic acid molecule are of different TEE sequences. In some embodiments, multiple different TEE sequences are arranged in one or more repeating patterns in the UTR region of a nucleic acid molecule. For illustrating purpose only, a repeating pattern can be, for example, ABABAB, AABBAABBAABB, ABCABCABC, or the like, where in these exemplary patterns, each capitalized letter (A, B, or C) represents a different TEE sequence. In some embodiments, at least two TEE sequences are consecutive with one another (i.e., no spacer sequence in between) in a UTR of a nucleic acid molecule. In other embodiments, at least two TEE sequences are separated by a spacer sequence. In some embodiments, a UTR can comprise a TEE sequence-spacer sequence module that is repeated at least once, at least twice, at least 3 times, at least 4 times, at least 5 times, at least 6 times, at least 7 times, at least 8 times, at least 9 times, or more than 9 times in the UTR. In any of the embodiments described in this paragraph, the UTR can be a 5’-UTR, a 3’-UTR or both 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR of a nucleic acid molecule.
[0273] In some embodiments, the UTR of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., mRNA) comprises at least one translation suppressing element that functions to decrease the amount of polypeptide or protein produced from the nucleic acid molecule. In some embodiments, the UTR of the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more miR sequences or fragment thereof (e.g., miR seed sequences) that are recognized by one or more microRNA. In some embodiments, the UTR of the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more stem-loop structure that downregulates translational activity of the nucleic acid molecule. Other mechanisms for suppressing translational activities associated with nucleic acid molecules are known in the art. In any of the embodiments described in this paragraph, the UTR can be a 5’-UTR, a 3’-UTR or both 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR of a nucleic acid molecule. Table 4 shows exemplary 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR sequences that can be used in connection with the present disclosure.
[0274] Table 4 Exemplary Untranslated Region (UTR) Sequences.
[0275] In specific embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclose comprises a 5’-UTR selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38. In specific embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclose comprises a 3’-UTR selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In specific embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclose comprises a 5’-UTR selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38 and a 3’-UTR selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46. In any of the embodiments described in this paragraph, the nucleic acid molecule may further comprise a coding region having a sequence as described herein, such as any of the DNA coding sequences in Tables 1 to 4 or equivalent RNA sequences thereof. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules described in this paragraph can be RNA molecules in vitro transcribed.
[0276] Table 5 Exemplary DNA constructs
[0277] An = 120mer of A in the sequences in table 5. More generally, An = 30~3000mer of A, for example.
[0278] 5.4.4 The Polyadenylation (Poly-A) Regions
[0279] During natural RNA processing, a long chain of adenosine nucleotides (poly-Aregion) is normally added to messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to increase the stability of the molecule. Immediately after transcription, the 3’-end of the transcript is cleaved to free a 3’-hydroxy. Then poly-A polymerase adds a chain of adenosine nucleotides to the RNA. The process, called polyadenylation, adds a poly-A region that is between 100 and 250 residues long. Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that a poly-A region can confer various advantages to the nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure.
[0280] Accordingly, in some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., an mRNA) comprises a polyadenylation signal. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure (e.g., an mRNA) comprises one or more polyadenylation (poly-A) regions. In some embodiments, a poly-A region is composed entirely of adenine nucleotides or functional analogs thereof. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one poly-A region at its 3’-end. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one poly-A region at its 5’-end. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one poly-A region at its 5’-end and at least one poly-A region at its 3’-end.
[0281] According to the present disclosure, the poly-A region can have varied lengths in different embodiments. Particularly, in some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 35 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 40 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 45 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 50 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 55 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 60 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 65 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 70 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 75 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 80 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 85 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 90 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 95 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 100 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 110 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 120 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 130 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 140 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 150 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 160 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 170 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 180 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 190 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 200 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 225 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 250 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 275 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 300 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 350 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 400 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 450 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 500 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 600 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 700 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 800 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 900 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1000 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1100 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1200 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1300 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1400 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1500 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1600 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1700 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1800 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 1900 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 2000 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 2250 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 2500 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 2750 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the poly-A region of a nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure is at least 3000 nucleotides in length.
[0282] In some embodiments, length of a poly-A region in a nucleic acid molecule can be selected based on the overall length of the nucleic acid molecule, or a portion thereof (such as the length of the coding region or the length of an open reading frame of the nucleic acid molecule, etc. ) . For example, in some embodiments, the poly-A region accounts for about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or more of the total length of nucleic acid molecule containing the poly-A region.
[0283] Without being bound by the theory, it is contemplated that certain RNA-binding proteins can bind to the poly-A region located at the 3’-end of an mRNA molecule. These poly-A binding proteins (PABP) can modulate mRNA expression, ...
Claims
1.A protein comprising a mutant of a mature glycoprotein E (gE) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) , wherein the mutant comprises:(a) (i) a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE, and (ii) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE;(b) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE;(c) amino acid residue substitutions Y569A, Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 569, 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE;(d) amino acid residue substitutions Y582G, S593A, S595A, T596A, and T598A, wherein amino acid residue positions 582, 593, 595, 596, and 598 are the amino acid residue position numbers of full length VSV gE; or(e) (i) a truncation of 50 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of the mature gE protein, and (ii) amino acid residue substitution Y569A, wherein amino acid residue position 569 is the amino acid residue position number of full length VSV gE.2.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, 12, or 3.3.The protein of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, 12, or 3.4.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.5.The protein of claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.6.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, or 12.7.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6, 8, 10, or 12.8.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6.9.The protein of claim 1, wherein the mutant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6.10.The protein of any one of claims 1 to 9, which further comprises a VZV gE signal peptide.11.The protein of claim 10, wherein the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.12.The protein of claim 11, wherein the signal peptide of the VZV gE comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.13.The protein of any one of claims 1 to 9, which further comprises a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the mutant is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide.14.The protein of claim 13, wherein the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide.15.The protein of claim 14, wherein the human IgE signal peptide comprises: (i) the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, or (ii) an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.16.The protein of claim 14, wherein the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.17.The protein of claim 14, wherein the amino acid sequence of the mutant consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the amino acid sequence of the human IgE signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.18.The protein of claim 14, which comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.19.The protein of claim 14, wherein the amino acid sequence of the protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.20.The protein of claim 13, wherein the heterologous signal peptide is a human tPA signal peptide.21.The protein of claim 20, wherein the human tPA signal peptide comprises: (i) the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, or (ii) an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.22.The protein of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.23.A fragment of a mature glycoprotein E (gE) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) , wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at least one and at most 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, or 42 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, optionally the truncation is a truncation of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, or optionally the truncation is a truncation of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, or optionally the truncation is a truncation of 14 or 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.24.The fragment of claim 23, wherein the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution Y569A, and wherein amino acid residue position 569 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE.25.The fragment of claim 23 or 24, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, or 31 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.26.The fragment of claim 25, wherein the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution Y582G, and wherein amino acid residue position 582 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE protein.27.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 30 or 29 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.28.The fragment of claim 27, wherein the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution S593A, and wherein amino acid residue position 593 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE.29.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 28 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.30.The fragment of claim 29, wherein the fragment comprises the amino acid residue substitution S595A, and wherein amino acid residue position 595 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VSV gE.31.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 30, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 27 or 26 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.32.The fragment of claim 31, wherein the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T596A, and wherein amino acid residue position 596 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE.33.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of at most 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acid residues or at most one amino acid residue from the C-terminal of the mature gE.34.The fragment of claim 33, wherein the fragment further comprises the amino acid residue substitution T598A, and wherein amino acid residue position 598 is the amino acid residue position number according to the full length VZV gE.35.The fragment of claim 23, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE.36.The fragment of claim 23, wherein the fragment comprises: (1) a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, and (2) the amino acid residue substitutions Y569A and Y582G, and wherein amino acid residue positions 569 and 582 are amino acid residue position numbers according to the full length VZV gE.37.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 36, wherein the mature gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or the full length VZV gE comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.38.The fragment of any one of claims 23 to 37, wherein the fragment comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, 3, 8, 10, or 12.39.A fusion protein comprising the fragment of any one of claims 23 to 38, and a heterologous signal peptide, wherein the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the heterologous signal peptide.40.The fusion protein of claim 39, wherein the heterologous signal peptide is a human tPA signal peptide.41.The fusion protein of claim 40, wherein the human tPA signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.42.The fusion protein of claim 39, wherein the heterologous signal peptide is a human IgE signal peptide.43.The fusion protein of claim 42, wherein the human IgE signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.44.A fusion protein comprising a fragment of a mature glycoprotein (gE) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and a human IgE signal peptide, wherein the fragment comprises a truncation of 37 amino acid residues from the C-terminal of the mature gE, and the N-terminal of the fragment is fused to the C-terminal of the human IgE signal peptide.45.A nucleic acid encoding the protein of any of claims 1 to 22, fragment of any one of claims 23 to 38, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 39 to 44.46.The nucleic acid of claim 45, which comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4, or 5, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5.47.A nucleic acid encoding the protein of any one of claims 14 to 19, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.48.A nucleic acid encoding the protein of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, 20, 21, or 22, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22.49.A nucleic acid encoding the protein of claim 20 or 21, or the fusion protein of claim 40 or 41, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.50.A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising a coding nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of any one of claims 1 to 22, the fragment of any one of claims 23 to 38, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 39 to 44.51.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 50, wherein the coding nucleotide sequence has been codon optimized for expression in cells of a subject, optionally, wherein the subject is a non-human mammal or a human.52.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 50 or 51, which comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 11, 13, 4 or 5.53.A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding the protein of any one of claims 14 to 19, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the IgE signal peptide comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, 25, or 26.54.A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding the protein of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide of the full length VSV gE protein comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 21, or 22.55.A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid encoding the protein of claim 20 or 21, or the fusion protein of claim 40 or 41, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding a human tPA signal peptide comprises: (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, or (b) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28.56.A non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5.57.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 56, which consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5.58.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 55, wherein the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises: (1) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5; or (2) a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identity with the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 7, 51, 60, 62, 62, 64, 9, 11, 13, 52, 53, 54, 58, 49, 50, 4, or 5.59.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 58, further comprising a 5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR) , wherein the 5’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 29-38,and / or,further comprising a 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) , wherein the 3’-UTR comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 39-46,optionally, wherein the 3’-UTR further comprises a poly-A tail or a polyadenylation signal.60.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 59, wherein the nucleic acid is DNA.61.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 60, wherein the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs.62.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one 50 to 59, wherein the nucleic acid is mRNA, and wherein thymines are substituted for uracils or a functional analog thereof in the nucleic acid.63.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 62, wherein the nucleic acid comprises one or more functional nucleotide analogs that are selected from pseudouridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine.64.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 62, wherein the nucleic acid consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises: (1) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, or (2) a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63; except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.65.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 62, wherein the nucleic acid consists of, essentially consists of, or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for uracil (U) or N1-methylpseudouridine, and / or the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.66.The non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 62, wherein the nucleic acid consists of, essentially consists of or comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, except that all thymines (T) are substituted for N1-methylpseudouridine, and the first nucleotide G is substituted for m7 GpppAmpU.67.A vector comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 45 to 49, or the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 66; preferably, an IVT (In Vitro Transcription) plasmid.68.A host cell comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 45 to 49, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 66, or the vector of claim 67.69.The host cell of claim 68, which is in vitro, ex vivo, or isolated.70.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein of any one of claims 1 to 22, the fragment of any one of claims 23 to 38, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 39 to 44.71.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 45 to 49, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 66, or the vector of claim 67.72.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 66, and at least a first lipid, optionally, wherein the first lipid is a compound according to Formula 01-I or Formula 01-II; or a compound listed in Table 01-1; or a compound according to Formula 02-I; or a compound listed in Table 02-1; or a compound according to Formula 03-I; or a compound listed in Table 03-1; or a compound according to Formula 04-I; or a compound listed in Table 04-1.73.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 72, further comprising a second lipid, optionally, wherein the second lipid is a compound according to Formula 05-I.74.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 72 or 73, formulated as lipid nanoparticles encapsulating the nucleic acid in a lipid shell.75.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 70 to 74, wherein the composition is a vaccine.76.A method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the protein of any one of claims 1 to 22, the fragment of any one of claims 23 to 38, the fusion protein of any one of claims 39 to 44, the nucleic acid of any one of claims 45 to 49, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of any one of claims 50 to 66, the vector of claim 67, or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 70 to 75.77.The method of claim 76, wherein the method is for preventing a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in the subject.78.The method of claim 76 or 77, wherein an immune response against the VZV is elicited in the subject.79.The method of claim 78, wherein the immune response comprises production of cytokine in lymphocytes.80.The method of claim 78 or 79, wherein the immune response comprises increased proportion of cytokine-expressing lymphocytes.81.The method of claim 79 or 80, wherein the lymphocytes are CD4+ T cells and / or CD8+ T cells, and / or, wherein the cytokine is one or more of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α.82.The method of any one of claims 79 to 81, wherein the production of cytokine in lymphocytes is increased.83.The method of any one of claims 78 to 82, wherein the immune response comprises production of an antibody that specifically binds to VZV gE.84.The method of any one of claims 76 to 83, wherein the disease or disorder caused by VZV is(a) varicella and / or zoster;(b) postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ; and / or(c) one or more of meningoencephalitis, myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, angiopathy, keratitis, retinopathy, ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis.85.The method of any one of claims 76 to 84, wherein the subject is a human.86.The method of claim 85, wherein the human is a human adult.87.The method of claim 86, wherein the adult is at least 40 years old.88.The method of claim 85, wherein the human is an elderly human.89.A protein as defined in any one of claims 1 to 22, a fragment as defined in any one of claims 23 to 38, a fusion protein as defined in any one of claims 39 to 44, a nucleic acid as defined in any one of claims 45 to 49, a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid as defined in any one of claims 50 to 66, a vector as defined in claim 67, or a pharmaceutical composition as defined in any one of claims 70 to 75, for use in a method for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject.90.The protein, fragment, fusion protein, nucleic acid, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid, vector, or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 89, wherein the subject is human, optionally a human adult or elderly human.91.Use of the protein as defined in any one of claims 1 to 22, the fragment as defined in any one of claims 23 to 38, the fusion protein as defined in any one of claims 39 to 44, the nucleic acid as defined in any one of claims 45 to 49, the non-naturally occurring nucleic acid as defined in any one of claims 50 to 66, the vector as defined in claim 67, or the pharmaceutical composition as defined in any one of claims 70 to 75, for the manufacture of a medicament for managing, preventing or treating a disease or disorder caused by VZV or by infection with VZV in a subject.92.The use of claim 91, wherein the subject is human, optionally a human adult or elderly human.