Improved peristaltic pump and method for controlling such a pump

Abstract

The invention relates to a peristaltic pump comprising a housing (11), a bearing surface (12) comprising an outer face, said bearing surface (12) having a deformable intermediate bearing surface from which rigid bearing arms (14, 15) extend on either side thereof, the free end of each of these lateral arms having at least one guide element (16), said housing having tracks (17) on which these guide elements can slide to constrain the movement of the free ends of the rigid lateral arms so as to deform the intermediate bearing surface. According to the invention, said bearing surface (12) being made of plastic, said outer face having one or more recesses (18) extending in the pumping direction, at least one of these recesses having an anti-creep device to prevent deformation of said intermediate bearing surface.

Description

technical field

[0001] The technical field of the present invention is that of volumetric pumps, and more specifically of peristaltic pumps with deformable tube.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a method for managing such a peristaltic pump. Previous technique

[0003] Peristaltic pumps are well known and used in many technical fields, for example the chemical industry, the cosmetics industry, the petroleum industry, the food industry, and in medicine, particularly for transporting blood or other fluids administered by infusion, ...

[0004] A peristaltic pump consists of a frame on which is fixed a motor whose axis drives in rotation a cage containing a plurality of rollers.

[0005] These rollers, free on their axis, successively crush a deformable tube until it is sealed.

[0006] The alternating pressure and release on the walls of the deformable tube creates a vacuum and suction so that a fluid trapped between the rollers in the deformable tube is thus pushed along the length of the tube.

[0007] A fluid pumped at one open end of the deformable tube, called the inlet or upstream end, is thus forced out at the other end of the deformable tube, called the discharge or downstream end.

[0008] A key advantage of this peristaltic pump is that the fluid thus displaced remains intact during its transfer since it is never in contact with the rollers but only with the internal wall of the deformable tube.

[0009] The peristaltic pump therefore constitutes a particularly healthy pumping solution.

[0010] A large majority of peristaltic pumps have a casing with an internal cylindrical face, called the bearing surface, against which the deformable tube is crushed by the rollers to ensure the tube is sealed.

[0011] This span can take the form of a metallic blade exhibiting a certain elasticity, this span having a unique predetermined shape.

[0012] Alternatively, this bearing surface can be made of plastic, for example by molding. A clear advantage of this type of bearing surface is that it is possible to give any desired shape to its inner face, the face against which the deformable tube rests when crushed by the rollers.

[0013] However, in peristaltic pumps equipped with such a plastic bearing, a progressive deformation of the latter is observed over time; this is the phenomenon known as "creep".

[0014] This creep can have several causes and result in particular from repeated mechanical actions exerted on the bearing surface, during the crushing of the deformable tube, but also from the thermal environment in which the peristaltic pump is immersed during its implementation.

[0015] The inner face of the bearing can then exhibit surface variations over time, which are likely to lead to a loss of sealing of the peristaltic pump.

[0016] Il There is therefore an urgent need for a peristaltic pump with a reach made of plastic, whose original design overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art described above. Object of the invention

[0017] The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a peristaltic pump, simple in its design and in its operating method, whose internal bearing surface is not affected by creep-related deformations.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is such a peristaltic pump allowing an adjustment of the deformation of the intermediate carrying part obtained by displacement of the lateral carrying arms relative to the main axis of this peristaltic pump.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is such a peristaltic pump exhibiting a greater diversity of operation.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is a method for managing such a peristaltic pump, allowing the deformation of its span to be managed for specific needs. Description of the invention

[0021] To this end, the invention relates to a peristaltic pump comprising a housing, a bearing surface comprising an inner face and an outer face, said bearing surface having an intermediate bearing portion from which bearing arms extend on either side thereof, this intermediate bearing portion being deformable, the inner face of this intermediate bearing portion having a semi-cylindrical symmetry about an axis coinciding with a principal axis of said pump, said bearing arms being rigid, the free end of each of these lateral arms comprising at least one guide element, said housing comprising tracks on which these guide elements are capable of sliding to constrain the displacement of the free ends of the rigid lateral arms so as to deform the intermediate bearing portion,the radius of its inner face being thus modified while leaving the axis of the intermediate inner face in coincidence with the main axis of said pump. According to the invention, this bearing surface being made of a plastic material, the outer face of said bearing surface comprises one or more recesses extending in the pumping direction, at least one of these recesses receiving an anti-creep device to prevent deformation of said intermediate bearing surface and / or said housing comprising two housing body parts between which said bearing surface is placed, said pump comprises at least one anti-creep device connecting said two housing body parts bearing against the outer face of the bearing surface to prevent deformation of said intermediate bearing surface.

[0022] Advantageously, the original design of this peristaltic pump ensures its optimal operation by preserving the original shape of the inner bearing surface over time.

[0023] When the outer face of the span includes one or more recesses for receiving one or more anti-creep devices, these recesses are preferably formed by molding the span in plastic. For example, each recess extends in the pumping direction not only at the intermediate span section, but also along the rigid span arms, known as lateral arms.

[0024] According to one embodiment of this peristaltic pump, this housing or these housings are ribs. Advantageously, such ribs impart stiffness to the moving stroke (MS).

[0025] According to another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, said or at least one of said anti-creep devices is a spring-like elastic element. Advantageously, this elastic element is an open elastic ring, which is received in a groove formed in the outer face of said bearing surface. For example, this open ring is made of spring steel. It has a circular, straight cross-section. Alternatively, this spring-like elastic element could also be flat. For example, it could be a leaf spring.

[0026] More generally, this elastic spring-like element has retaining or hooking devices at its ends to ensure that it remains in position in its housing.

[0027] This elastic spring-forming element is made of a material that works under elastic deformation, such as spring steel.

[0028] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, the anti-creep device, or at least one of the anti-creep devices, is a rigid bracket bearing against the outer face of the bearing surface. More generally, this bracket must be rigid in the direction of the pump axis (separation of the housings). Its thickness may also be rigid, flexible, or even incorporate an elastic connection (spring / suspension). This bracket is, for example, made of a plastic material.

[0029] Preferably, this jumper is mounted in a removable manner to allow for maintenance of the bearing surface. For example, each housing section includes an anchoring element that protrudes from the corresponding housing body to allow locking / unlocking in the jumper position.

[0030] This jumper connects the two housing parts by covering a portion of the outer surface of the intermediate carrying part.

[0031] The peristaltic pump can therefore include one or more elastic elements and / or one or more riders.

[0032] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, it includes at least one adjustment element for applying an adjustable constraint to the outer face of the intermediate bearing portion and ensuring adjustment of the latter's deformation. Preferably, this anti-creep device being a bracket, said bracket carries a screw such as a micrometer screw, the free end of which, passing through the body of said bracket, bears against the outer face of the intermediate bearing portion.

[0033] Adjusting the screw position allows for variable stress to be applied to the outer face of the intermediate bearing surface. Alternatively, the bracket can be omitted, thus providing a fixed stress.

[0034] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, comprising a rotor rotating about said main axis of said pump, said peristaltic pump includes an electric motor to drive said rotor in rotation, this electric motor being chosen from a stepper motor, a direct current motor or an alternating current motor, possibly with epicyclic reducers.

[0035] In yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, the moving part is removable and can be attached to the housing by simply snapping the guide elements onto the corresponding tracks on the housing. The moving part can thus be easily removed to allow for the installation or replacement of the flexible tubing.

[0036] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, when the outlet-side lateral rider is adjusted by the screw to increase the arm's displacement towards more clamping, the tube is more constrained, which increases the possibility of obtaining a higher pressure.

[0037] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, it includes an electromagnetic actuator, the latter comprising for example an electromagnet, this electromagnetic actuator being configured to automatically generate, when the peristaltic pump is started, a displacement of the free end of the single lateral arm placed on the outlet side, or on the discharge side of the pump, in order to constrain the deformable tube.

[0038] Such an embodiment advantageously allows the peristaltic pump to withstand high pressures.

[0039] For illustrative purposes only, this electromagnetic actuator can be configured to control the movement of a guide element along at least one track of the single lateral arm on the outlet side, or even on the discharge side of the pump, in order to constrain the movement of the free end of the corresponding lateral arm.

[0040] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, it comprises at least one hollow and flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit being obtained by molding.

[0041] The term "molding" here defines any method of molding, such as low-pressure casting, injection molding, etc.

[0042] This pump conduit is also called a "molded pump conduit." For example, it could be a molded, deformable tube. The peristaltic pump is then designed to pump fluids through this molded, deformable tube.

[0043] Advantageously, such a hollow pump conduit, obtained by molding, offers a wide range of possibilities for the construction of the peristaltic pump. For example, molding the hollow conduit allows for specific properties to be given to this conduit, such as different thickness ratios, particularly at its inlet and outlet, and / or to give it a particular shape, such as conical.

[0044] Such a conical shape of the hollow conduit makes it possible to play with the pressure, for example of the fluid displaced by the peristaltic pump.

[0045] It also allows this conduit to be held in position when the pump is in operation, the latter for example coming against a means of retaining the moving reach.

[0046] According to yet another embodiment of this peristaltic pump, it comprises at least one hollow, flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit having an inlet, or suction side, and an outlet, or discharge side, this pump conduit having different wall thickness ratios between its inlet and outlet. Preferably, the wall thickness ratio of the hollow conduit at its outlet is greater than the wall thickness ratio of the hollow conduit at its inlet.

[0047] Recall that the wall thickness ratio (e / Dint) of a peristaltic pump tube, that is, the tube's capacity to maintain or contain pressure, is the ratio between the wall thickness of the hollow tube (e) and its internal diameter (Dint). For illustrative purposes only, the tube could be 5 x 3 ((D ext x D int)) at the pump inlet and 3 x 0.5 at the outlet. The moving section could include a housing to accommodate the extra wall thickness on the outlet side. This results in a wall thickness ratio of 5 at the outlet, enabling the pump to withstand significant pressures.

[0048] The present invention also relates to a method of managing a peristaltic pump as described above, an adjustment element exerting a constraint on the outer face of the intermediate bearing part by determining two portions of the intermediate bearing part on either side of this adjustment element, the guide element(s) placed at the free end of one of the rigid lateral arms of said bearing are slid along the corresponding tracks of the housing to deform the corresponding portion of the intermediate bearing part while leaving the other rigid bearing arm fixed so as to leave the other portion of the intermediate bearing part unchanged.

[0049] Of course, this movement of only one of the lateral reach arms can be carried out on both the intake and discharge sides of the peristaltic pump.

[0050] The adjusting element is thus arranged to exert a constraint on the outer face of the intermediate bearing portion, defining two independent portions of the intermediate bearing portion on either side of this adjusting element. For example, this adjusting element can be a bracket and / or the free end of a screw, such as a micrometer screw, carried by this bracket.

[0051] For purely illustrative purposes, it will be understood that the free end of a screw locally constrains the intermediate bearing part, the deformation of a portion of this intermediate bearing part, placed on one side of the free end of the screw in the pumping direction, by the displacement of the corresponding lateral bearing arm, does not propagate to the other portion of the intermediate bearing part placed on the other side of the free end of the screw.

[0052] According to one embodiment of this method of managing a peristaltic pump, this adjustment element is placed at the apex of said peristaltic pump to determine two portions of intermediate part of substantially equal span on either side of this adjustment element.

[0053] According to another embodiment of this method of managing a peristaltic pump, detecting a depression on the intake side of said pump, the guide element(s) placed at the free end of the single rigid lateral arm, placed at the inlet of the pump, i.e. on the intake side, are slid so as to eliminate the sealing of the portion of the deformable tube placed on the intake side, when it is crushed by the rollers of said pump, during the duration of this depression.

[0054] According to yet another embodiment of this method of managing a peristaltic pump, the guide element(s) placed at the free end of the single rigid lateral arm, located on the outlet side of the peristaltic pump, i.e. on the discharge side, are slid so as to maintain a higher pressure.

[0055] This allows us to increase the pressure on the outlet side of the peristaltic pump.

[0056] According to yet another embodiment of this method for managing a peristaltic pump, the deformable tube is selected beforehand so that its hardness is higher or lower than the range of hardness values ​​required to ensure the nominal sealing rating of the pump.

[0057] For example, if the tube's hardness is greater than the maximum hardness value specified by the manufacturer to ensure the pump's nominal sealing rating, this deformable tube exerts a counter-force allowing adjustment of the crushing applied to this deformable tube.

[0058] The present invention further relates to a computer-readable medium comprising a set of software instructions which, when executed by a processor, enable the implementation of certain steps in the process of managing a peristaltic pump as described above. Of course, the term "computer" is understood to mean any programmable device.

[0059] Alternatively, it could still be a computer program that could be downloaded from a communication network and / or recorded on a computer-readable medium and / or is executable by a processor such as a processor embedded on said peristaltic pump, the movement of said micrometer screw and / or the ends of said rigid lateral arms along said tracks being motorized.

[0060] Furthermore, the movable section (MS) of the invention advantageously allows the use of deformable tubes with different diameters. It adapts naturally to the deformable tube mounted in the peristaltic pump.

[0061] More generally, the present invention also relates to a peristaltic pump comprising at least one hollow and flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit being obtained by molding.

[0062] The term "molding" here defines any method of molding, such as low-pressure casting, injection molding, etc.

[0063] Advantageously, such a hollow conduit obtained by molding offers a wide range of possibilities for the construction of the peristaltic pump. For example, molding the hollow conduit allows for specific properties to be given to this conduit, such as different thickness ratios, particularly at its inlet and outlet, and / or to give it a particular shape, such as conical.

[0064] Such a conical shape of the hollow conduit makes it possible to play with the pressure, for example of the fluid displaced by the peristaltic pump.

[0065] It also allows this conduit to be held in position when the pump is in operation, the latter for example coming against a means of retaining the moving reach.

[0066] This hollow conduit can therefore be conical along its entire length.

[0067] For illustrative purposes only, it includes at least one hollow, flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit having an inlet, or suction side, and an outlet, or discharge side, this pump conduit having different wall thickness ratios between its inlet and outlet. Preferably, the wall thickness ratio of the hollow conduit at its outlet is greater than the wall thickness ratio of the hollow conduit at its inlet.

[0068] Recall that the wall thickness ratio (e / Dint) of a peristaltic pump tube, that is, the tube's capacity to maintain or contain pressure, is the ratio between the wall thickness of the hollow tube (e) and its internal diameter (Dint). For illustrative purposes only, the tube could be 5 x 3 ((D ext x D int)) at the pump inlet and 3 x 0.5 at the outlet, with the moving section potentially including a recess to accommodate the increased tube thickness on the outlet, or discharge, side.

[0069] This results in a thickness ratio of 5 at the outlet, enabling the pump to withstand significant pressures. Brief description of the drawings

[0070] Other advantages, purposes, and special features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, given for explanatory purposes only and not as a limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1[ Fig. 1 ] is a schematic representation of a peristaltic pump according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 [ Fig. 2 ] is an enlarged and partial view of the peristaltic pump of the Fig. 1 showing the apex of this pump with the positioning of the rider and the micrometer screw; Fig. 3 [ Fig. 3 ] is a top view of the peristaltic pump of the Fig. 1 showing the received bearing between the two body parts of the housing, the open elastic ring housed in a groove on the outer bearing surface and the jumper and its micrometric screw; Fig. 4 [ Fig. 4 ] is a bottom and perspective view of the peristaltic pump's reach of the Fig. 1 ; Fig. 5 [ Fig. 5 ] is a schematic representation of a peristaltic pump according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Description of the implementation methods

[0071] The drawings and description below contain, for the most part, elements of a definite nature. They can therefore not only serve to better explain the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0072] Firstly, it should be noted that the figures are not to scale.

[0073] THE Figures 1 to 4 schematically illustrate a peristaltic pump 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] This peristaltic pump 10 includes a housing 11 which is formed by two housing body parts assembled together by defining a space to receive a movable bearing 12. These housing body parts 11 are here obtained by molding a plastic material.

[0075] It also includes a deformable tube (not shown) for transporting a liquid. This deformable tube is made of an elastomer material.

[0076] The peristaltic pump 10 comprises a rotor carrying three freely rotating rollers, the rotor being driven in rotation by an epicyclic geared motor (not shown). These rollers are regularly distributed around the periphery of the rotor, each roller being thus angularly spaced from its neighbor by an angle of 120°.

[0077] The inner face of the movable bearing 12 forms a support against which the deformable tube is crushed by the rollers to ensure the sealing of this tube and to ensure the movement of the liquid received in it.

[0078] This movable span 12, made in one piece from a plastic material, thus comprises an inner face 13 and an outer face, an intermediate span part from which rigid span arms 14, 15 extend on either side of it.

[0079] When the movable bearing 12 is in position on the frame of the peristaltic pump, these rigid bearing arms 14, 15 are placed laterally to a main axis of the pump determined by the motor shaft so that these bearing arms 14, 15 are usually called "lateral bearing arms".

[0080] These lateral arms with a span of 14, 15 are straight here, but they could of course take any other form such as angled, in particular to take into account the space available in the pump frame.

[0081] Since this intermediate bearing part is deformable, the inner face 13 of this intermediate bearing part has a semi-cylindrical symmetry around an axis coinciding with the main axis of this pump.

[0082] The free end of each of these lateral arms of reach 14, 15 has bosses 16 extending laterally from them, which are able to slide along corresponding guide tracks 17 provided on the housing body 11.

[0083] The displacements of the free ends of the lateral arms 14, 15 along these upstream and downstream guide tracks 17 being thus constrained, the intermediate section of the arm is deformed. More specifically, the radius of its inner face 13 of the movable arm 12 is modified while leaving the axis of the intermediate inner face 13 coincident with the main axis of the peristaltic pump 10.

[0084] The outer face of the movable bearing surface 12 has grooves 18 extending in the pumping direction, in one of which is placed an open elastic ring 19 bearing against the movable bearing surface 12 not only in its intermediate part but also on a portion of the lateral bearing arms 14, 15. This open elastic ring 19 is made of spring steel.

[0085] The peristaltic pump 10 also includes a rider 20 carrying a micrometer screw 21 whose shank can pass through the body of the rider so that the free end of this screw is placed in projection from the inner face of the rider 20. This rider / screw assembly is disposed at the apex of the peristaltic pump.

[0086] The body of the jumper 20 has a U-shaped form whose arms are bent so that the ends of the jumper 20 come into contact with projections 22 formed on the outer faces of the two parts of the housing body 11 for locking the jumper in position.

[0087] The lower face of the rider 20 which spans the space separating the two parts of the housing body 11 in which the movable bearing 12 is placed, thus comes to rest on the outer face of the intermediate part of the bearing, also constraining the latter.

[0088] The purpose of the saddle 20 and the open elastic ring 19 is to prevent deformation of the intermediate bearing portion in order to preserve the seal of the deformable tube when it is crushed by the rotor rollers.

[0089] Furthermore, the free end of the micrometer screw 21 can be advantageously moved to bear against the outer face of the intermediate bearing part and by additional movements allow a fine adjustment, or even adjustable, of the stress applied to this outer face of the intermediate bearing part.

[0090] Thus, not only can the inner surface of the intermediate bearing part be deformed by the movement of the ends of the lateral bearing arms 14, 15 along the tracks 17 upstream and downstream of the housing, but it can also be deformed in a finer way, by the movement of the micrometer screw 21 towards the main axis of the peristaltic pump.

[0091] There Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a peristaltic pump 50 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] The components of the peristaltic pump 50 illustrated in the Fig. 5 and bearing the same references as those illustrated on the Fig. 1 to 4 , represent the same objects, which will not be described again below.

[0093] The 50 peristaltic pump of the Fig. 5 differs from that illustrated in Fig. 1 to 4 in that it comprises two assemblies of brackets / screws 20, 21 mounted on the housing at the ends of the lateral arms 14, 15 of reach to act directly on these lateral arms.

[0094] Adjusting the constraint applied by each of these assemblies on the moving span allows the arms of span 14, 15 upstream and downstream, or even intake and discharge side, to be decoupled to manage the sealing differently between the intake and discharge ends of the peristaltic pump 50.

Claims

1. Peristaltic pump comprising a housing (11), a bearing surface (12) comprising an inner face and an outer face, said bearing surface (12) comprising an intermediate bearing surface from which bearing arms (14, 15) extend on either side thereof, this intermediate bearing surface being deformable, the inner face of this intermediate bearing surface having a semi-cylindrical symmetry about an axis coinciding with a principal axis of said pump, said bearing arms (14, 15) being rigid, the free end of each of these lateral arms (14, 15) comprising at least one guide element (16), said housing comprising tracks (17) on which these guide elements are capable of sliding to constrain the displacement of the free ends of the rigid lateral arms so as to deform the intermediate bearing surface,the radius of its inner face being thus modified while leaving the axis of the intermediate inner face in coincidence with the main axis of said pump, characterized in that said bearing (12) being made of a plastic material, said housing (11) comprising two housing body parts (11) between which said bearing is placed, said pump comprising at least one anti-creep device connecting said two housing body parts (11) bearing on the outer face of the bearing (12) to prevent deformation of said intermediate bearing part.

2. Peristaltic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer face of said span (12) comprising one or more housings (18) extending in the direction of pumping, an anti-creep device is placed in at least one of these housings to prevent deformation of said intermediate part of span.

3. Peristaltic pump according to claim 2, characterized in that said or at least one of said anti-creep devices is an elastic spring-forming element.

4. Peristaltic pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said or at least one of said anti-creep devices is a rigid bracket (20) bearing on the outer face of said span (12).

5. Peristaltic pump according to claim 4, characterized in that said rider (20) connects said two parts of housing (11) by covering a portion of the outer surface of said intermediate carrying part.

6. Peristaltic pump according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It includes at least one adjustment element to apply an adjustable constraint to the outer face of said intermediate span part and to ensure an adjustment of the deformation of the latter.

7. Peristaltic pump according to claim 6, characterized in thatsaid anti-creep device being a rider (20), said rider (20) carries a screw (21) whose free end passing through said rider (20) comes to bear against the outer face of the intermediate bearing part.

8. Peristaltic pump according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , comprising a rotor rotating around said main axis of said pump, said peristaltic pump includes an electric motor to drive said rotor in rotation, this electric motor being selected from a stepper motor, a DC motor or an AC motor, possibly with epicyclic reducers.

9. Peristaltic pump according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that It includes at least one hollow and flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit being obtained by molding.

10. Peristaltic pump according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatIt includes at least one hollow, flexible pump conduit, this pump conduit having an inlet and an outlet, and, in that , this pump conduit has different thickness ratios between its inlet and outlet, the thickness ratio of the conduit at its outlet being greater than the thickness ratio of the conduit at its inlet.

11. Peristaltic pump according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that The pump conduit is conical in shape.

12. Method for managing a peristaltic pump according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in thatan adjustment element (20, 21) exerting a constraint on the outer face of the intermediate span by determining two portions of the intermediate span placed on either side of this adjustment element, the guide element(s) (16) placed at the free end of one of the rigid lateral arms of said span (12) are slid along the corresponding tracks (17) of the housing (11) to deform the corresponding portion of the intermediate span while leaving the other rigid span arm fixed so as to leave the other portion of the intermediate span unchanged.

13. Method for managing a peristaltic pump according to the preceding claim, characterized in that This adjustment element is placed at the apex of said peristaltic pump to determine two portions of intermediate part of substantially equal length on either side of this adjustment element.

14. A management method according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that The said deformable tube is chosen beforehand so that its hardness is higher or lower than the range of hardness values ​​required to ensure the nominal sealing rating of the said pump.

15. Computer-readable support comprising a set of software instructions which, when executed by a processor, enable the implementation of the method for managing a peristaltic pump according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

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