Enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) an adsorbent carrier, b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having amino functionality; and c) a heating system connected to the carrier for supplying or removing thermal energy to the adsorbent.

Description

[0001] Enhancing Carbon Dioxide adsorption and desorption device

[0002] Field of the Disclosure

[0003] The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for capturing Carbon Dioxide (CO2), using an adsorbent material arranged in an adsorbent device from ambient air or other gas streams, and for releasing a CO2 enriched stream.

[0004] Background of the Disclosure

[0005] Capture of CO2 for sequestration and / or for commercial use is an ongoing area of interest.

[0006] Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a versatile compound with various applications across different industries. While it is primarily known for its role in contributing to climate change as a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has several practical uses. Its major applications include the use in the beverage industry to create carbonated drinks like sodas, sparkling water, and beer; in fire suppression systems; where it is commonly used in fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems for electrical equipment and flammable liquid fires; food preservation, where it is used in food processing and packaging to extend the shelf life of certain products; as a shielding gas in welding and metal fabrication processes; enhanced oil recovery, chemical and biological processes where it is utilized as raw material in the production of various chemicals or for the growth of plants; pH regulation in water treatment processes, swimming pools, and aquaria; and in medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, as a respiratory stimulant, and medical imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET).

[0007] Methods for capturing CO2 from different gas streams, such as natural gas, biogas, or flue gas from power plants and other industrial sources, are well known, and typically operate through large scale liquid-liquid scrubbing CO2 techniques, which allow for carbon capture and storage technologies. In addition to capture of CO2 at such point sources, such as power plants, direct capture of CO2 from air can also potentially be valuable. However, direct air capture of CO2 can pose a variety of challenges.

[0008] CO2 is abundant in the world's atmosphere: while CO2 concentrations can vary geographically and seasonally, the average global concentration in ambient air typically is about 415 ppm. However, the low concentration of atmospheric CO2 makes to use of the above-cited large scale technologies impossible, as these require the presence of high concentration of CO2, and ideally, also pressurised gas streams in order to operate in a useful and energetically acceptable manner.

[0009] Furthermore, such installations are collocated with the CO2 point sources, and hence do not allow for an easy distribution of the CO2 to small scale industrial users without significant transport costs and infrastructure. Hence, CO2 -enriched gas mixtures are presently often still prepared by burning natural gas or other CO2 sources, thereby increasing the environmental pressure, whereas concentrated and pressurized CO2 is attained from industrial gas production.

[0010] There is hence a need for a more efficient and cost-effective method for capturing CO2; and the need to offer CO2 in a decentralised manner. This is in particular relevant since there are many uses that would benefit from a source of accessible CO2, such as set out above, where often a local source of CO2 enriched gas mixtures would suffice.

[0011] A promising method for a local carbon dioxide capture is through adsorption from ambient air using a solid adsorbent material, and adsorption / desorption swing processes. However, current carbon dioxide capture systems using adsorbent materials are often inefficient and costly.

[0012] There is hence a need for a more efficient and cost-effective method for capturing CO2. Yet further, there remains a need for providing decentral sources of CO2 enriched gas streams without the need for combustion or an industrial CO2 supply chain. Also, there is the need to limit the energy required to remove and selectively make available CO2 streams, and much less adsorbed water, which is highly energy intensive.

[0013] Terms and Definitions

[0014] The term "Direct Air capture" or "DAC" used herein refers to technologies that extract CO2 directly from the atmosphere or ambient air. The adsorbent of the present invention may be adapted to capture CO2 from the air. The term "adsorption" refers to a process where molecules from a fluid bind to the surface of a solid material (the adsorbent). Different molecules have varying affinities for adsorbent materials, allowing separation.

[0015] The term "desorption" refers to the process where CO2, previously adsorbed by a sorbent material, is released back into a gaseous state, effectively separating it from the sorbent to enable the sorbent's reuse for additional CO2capture cycles.

[0016] The term "adsorbent bed" refers herein to a layer or a collection of adsorbent material, typically composed of particles, beads or granules, arranged on the adsorbent carrier.

[0017] The term "sorbent" refers herein to a material with a high surface area that attracts and holds (adsorbs) molecules from a gas or liquid on its surface.

[0018] The terms "adsorbent", "sorbent" , or "sorbent material" , "adsorbent material" and "sorbent particles" are used herein interchangeably.

[0019] The terms "adsorbent carrier," "carrier," and "carrier sheet" are used interchangeably herein.

[0020] The terms "electrically conductive elements" and "electrically conductive components" are used herein interchangeably.

[0021] The term "sheet" or "adsorbent sheet" is herein defined as a thin, substantially flat piece of material with a consistent thickness. Sheets can be composed of a variety of materials, including but not limited to metals, plastics, composites, paper, textiles, and other synthetic or natural substances or combination thereof.

[0022] The term "filter unit" refers herein to a device designed for removing CO2 from a fluid stream, consisting of stacked metal plates with channels and primary amine adsorbent material layers, as well as manifolds at each end to manage the fluid flow and an electric heating element for regeneration of the adsorbent material.

[0023] The terms "adsorbent bed" and "adsorbent" are used interchangeably.

[0024] Following long-standing patent law convention, the terms "a", "an", and "the" refer to "one or more" when used in this application, including the claims. The term "and / or" when used in describing two or more items or conditions, refers to situations where all named items or conditions are present or applicable, or to situations wherein only one (or less than all) of the items or conditions is present or applicable.

[0025] The use of the term "or" in the claims is used to mean "and / or" unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and "and / or."

[0026] As used herein "another" can mean at least a second or more.

[0027] The term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by" is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0028] "Comprising" is a term of art used in claim language which means that the named elements are essential, but other elements can be added and still form a construct within the scope of the claim.

[0029] As used herein, the phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. When the phrase "consists of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0030] As used herein, the phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps, and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of size, capacity, percentage (%), and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about".

[0031] Summary of the Disclosure

[0032] The present invention relates to a CO2 adsorption and desorption device that can capture CO2 without requiring excessive energy to move gas through the adsorbent bed.

[0033] Accordingly, in a first aspect the present disclosure relates to a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) an adsorbent carrier, b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality; and c) a heating system integrated within or connected to the carrier for supplying to or removing thermal energy from the adsorbent.

[0034] The devices according to the invention permit to reduce the amount of water produced per carbon dioxide, which allows to reduce the amount of energy required at the desorption stage significantly.

[0035] In a second aspect the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a device according to the first aspect comprising: a) providing a carrier, b) adhering the particulate adsorbents to the carrier, and c) providing a heat transfer mechanism a heating system to the carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device.

[0036] In a further aspect, the present disclosure relates to a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption apparatus comprising stacked or otherwise arranged carriers comprising an adsorbent material, the apparatus comprising a) a plurality of carriers formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; wherein carriers are arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; and b) a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit.

[0037] In an aspect, there is provided a method for manufacturing a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, comprising: providing an adsorbent carrier; adhering the particulate adsorbents to the adsorbent carrier, and providing a heat transfer mechanism a heating system to the adsorbent carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device. In a further aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream using the device according to the first aspect comprising: a) introducing a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide into a gas entry manifold; b) flowing the gas stream over the one or more carriers comprising adsorbent material layers; and c) removing a carbon dioxide depleted gas stream from an exit manifold; and d) regenerating the adsorbent material layers by increasing the temperature of the carrier with a heating element, thereby releasing a carbon dioxide enriched gas stream, and e) collating the carbon dioxide enriched gas stream through the exit manifold.

[0038] In further aspect, there is provided a system for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source comprising a plurality of devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, wherein the system comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers arranged such that plurality of carrier(s) form one or more fluid channels.

[0039] In a further aspect, there is provided a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption apparatus comprising stacked or otherwise arranged adsorbent carriers according to the first aspect of the present invention comprising an adsorbent material, the apparatus comprising a plurality of adsorbent carriers formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; wherein the adsorbent carriers are arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent adsorbent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; and a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the adsorbent carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit.

[0040] Brief Summary of the Drawings The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the disclosure in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0041] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a carrier with adsorbent layers as a representative embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG.2A is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention in which the adsorbent layers have a rectangular shape and the stack formed by the layers has a rectangular block shaped form;

[0043] FIG.2B is a side view of the stacked apparatus.

[0044] Fig. 3A and 3B shows the effect of electrically directly heated carriers with a adsorbent layer, and plot time versus CO2 production.

[0045] Fig. 4 is an illustration of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, where two stacks (5a, 5b) of adsorbent layers are positioned next to each other and each connected to a thermally conductive heating system (4a, 4b), the heating system using a transfer fluid for heating the adsorbent carriers, having a connecting conduit 6 connecting the two thermally conductive heating systems , and a heat sink with a bracket 3.

[0046] Fig. 5 is an illustration of the heat sink element 10 with a body 2 and brackets 3, and the metal adsorbent carrier 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 6 is a representation of a magnified section of the device of the present invention showing the heat sink element 10 with a body 2 and brackets 3, and a fluid conduits system 4.

[0048] Detailed Description

[0049] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0050] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0051] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "one or more embodiments" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as "in one or more embodiments," "in certain embodiments," "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0052] Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the method and apparatus of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0053] All references listed herein, including but not limited to all patents, patent applications and publications thereof, and scientific journal articles, are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties to the extent that they supplement, explain, provide a background for, or teach methodology, techniques, and / or compositions employed herein.

[0054] While the following terms are believed to be well understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the following definitions are set forth to facilitate explanation of the presently disclosed subject matter. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter belongs.

[0055] Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0056] The present invention provides an adsorption device that efficiently removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gaseous stream using an adsorbent, such as a primary amine- functional adsorbent material adhered to a carrier material. The filter, also referred to a device for may comprises a plurality of carriers, such as adsorbent carriers, in a parallel or otherwise suitable configuration, whereby the carrier offers a high surface area for adherence of the adsorbents, such as advantageously a honeycomb structure or a plate. Herein each adsorbent carrier material may comprise a plurality of channels extending through the material. These channels in the adsorbent carrier allow a fluid stream to flow through the filter with minimal pressure drop, whereby CO2 is removed by the primary amine functional adsorbent material layers disposed on top of the adsorbent carrier material.

[0057] In an embodiment, there is provided a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, such as air, a plurality of adsorbent carriers, being stacked or otherwise arranges, and formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; wherein the adsorbent carriers are arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent adsorbent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; and a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit.

[0058] Adsorbent Carrier The adsorbent carrier, also referred herein to as the "carrier" or "carrier sheet" is a carrier material for supporting the adsorbent particles employed to hold and distribute adsorbent particles.

[0059] The adsorbent carrier (carrier sheet or carrier film) provides a supportive surface or surface matrix that securely holds the adsorbent particles while allowing for efficient adsorption and / or desorption of gases, such as CO2.

[0060] The specific design and material selection of the adsorbent carrier depend on the nature of the adsorbent particles, and the required performance parameters. The adsorbent carrier or carrier sheet is hence chosen to facilitate an efficient adsorption / desorption process, by securely holding and distributing adsorbent particles, and by supporting optimal contact with the gas flow being treated.

[0061] The carrier sheet / film (adsorbent carrier) may comprise electrically conductive and / or thermally conductive material, such as metal, and / or a polymer sheet / film. The carrier sheet can be a plate material, such as a metal plate material. The metal plate material can be stainless steel, aluminium, or copper. These adsorbent carrier materials offer a combination of dimensional stability, strength, flexibility, and allow for effective adsorbent particle retention, and good and fluid flow.

[0062] Preferably, an adsorbent carrier is chosen to combine particle retention, structural support, uniform distribution and uniform pressure drop, along with the ability to provide the heat required for desorption.

[0063] For the particle retention, the adsorbent carrier preferably is configured to securely hold the adsorbent particles in place and prevents particles from escaping or being carried away by the fluid or gas flow passing through the system. The adsorbent carrier is also preferably configured to ensure uniform distribution and pressure drop. The adsorbent carrier is also advantageously configured to allow for a homogenous distribution of adsorbent particles across its surface. This uniform or homogenous distribution maximizes the contact area between the particles and the gas flow, enhancing the adsorption / desorption efficiency. Finally, the adsorbent carrier is preferably configured to provide structural integrity to the adsorbent particles, especially in applications where they may undergo mechanical stress or pressure. It helps maintain the integrity of the particle bed during handling, transport, or fluid flow.

[0064] The porosity and design of the carrier furthermore is configured and optimized to control the gas flow and pressure drop. The adsorbent carrier is preferably structured and configured to allow the gas to flow either over the filter in the case of a carrier sheet with a closed surface, or to pass through the carrier sheet in the case of a gas permeable structure, while minimizing pressure drop and ensuring optimal contact between the adsorbent particles and the flowing gas medium.

[0065] The carrier sheet can furthermore be designed to be compatible with the adsorbent particles and any binder that is employed to aggregate the adsorbent particle son the carrier surface. Accordingly, it is chemically inert, non-reactive, and resistant to degradation under the operating conditions. This ensures that the carrier sheet does not interfere with the adsorption process or introduce contaminants into the system.

[0066] A particularly useful carrier material can include a sheet or a film comprising or being in communication with a heat exchange system for providing or removing heat to the adsorbent material. Particularly useful materials include heat conductive metal or polymer sheets / films comprising or connected to a heat source.

[0067] The adsorbent carrier may comprise a polymer, a metal-plastic composite, fibre composites or fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The polymer can be in the form of polymeric sheet or film. The polymeric sheet / film or structure may be made from high-performance polymers such as imide, polyimide, silicone, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or epoxy resins and is configured to form a base or matrix that holds the adsorbent. Examples of such adsorbent carriers are polymeric sheets, which may include imide sheets, more particularly polyimide sheets. Polyimide sheets are high-performance polymers known for their excellent thermal stability, electrical insulation properties, and resistance to chemicals and solvents. Examples of suitable commercially available polyimide sheets or films are Upilex by Ube Industries, Apical by Kaneka Corporation, VTEC PI by VTEC Polymers, Nippon Polyimide by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., and Pl-Flex by Arakawa Chemicals, Kapton by DuPont.

[0068] The adsorbent carrier may further comprise at least one electrically conductive layer, which forms part of the heating element. The electrically conductive layer may comprise at least one electrically resistive component, that can be also electrically conductive. The electrically resistive component can be metal wires, metal foils, carbon, carbon fibres, or metal-coated carbon fibres, intermetallic compounds, ceramic materials or carbon-based materials, such as graphite and carbon fibres. The metal wires or metal foils may include materials such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel, known for their high electrical conductivity and durability. Carbon fibres, on the other hand, offer a lightweight alternative with excellent thermal conductivity and flexibility. Metal-coated carbon fibres combine the benefits of both materials, providing enhanced electrical and thermal properties along with improved structural integrity. These electrically resistive components ensure efficient and uniform heating across the polyimide sheet. Although polyimide is used as an example of the polymer for the metal-plastic composite, the invention is not limited to this material. A heating element, referred to herein as electrically resistive component, may be integrated in the sheet(s) / film(s), such as polymeric sheets / films or other types of materials, such as metallic or composite sheets / films, forming the adsorbent carrier. For example, the heating element may comprise one or more electrically conductive elements, such as carbon, carbon fibres, metal foils or metal wires, embedded within the polymeric material or other type of materials forming the adsorbent carrier. Further, the polymeric sheet forming the adsorbent carrier may be adhered to a metal plate, forming a metal-plastic composite. The adsorbent material may be bonded to the surface of the sheet, such for example to the surface of a polymeric sheet or fibre-reinforced plastic sheet.

[0069] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive material, and / or directly heated material. The directly heated material can be, for example, an electrically conductive and electrically resistive elements embedded in polymer (polymeric material), such as polyimide or silicone. The adsorbent beads are adhered to the polymer where direct heat transfer from the heating elements to the adsorbent beads is achieved, with the directly heated material facilitating this direct heat transfer. These resistive elements can include metal foils, metal wires or carbon-based materials like carbon fibre, graphite or carbon black, or combination thereof where direct heat transfer from the heating elements to the adsorbent beads is achieved. The electrically conductive nature of the resistive elements facilitates the direct heat transfer. The thermally conductive can be in the form of a plate or sheetlike material. For example, the plate can be a metal plate such as aluminium, steel or copper, or alloys thereof. Further, the polymeric material may cover the thermally conductive material either partially or entirely.

[0070] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive material and / or a polymeric material that includes electrically resistive elements, such as those embedded in polyimide, where direct heat transfer from the heating elements to the adsorbent beads is achieved. The polymeric material may cover the thermally conductive material either partially or entirely. In cases where the polymeric material covers the thermally conductive material wholly or partially, the adsorbent particles may be distributed over both the polymer and the thermally conductive material.

[0071] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, such as one or more polymeric sheets or films with embedded electrically resistive elements, where direct heat transfer from the heating elements to the adsorbent beads is achieved and a metal plate adhered to the polymeric sheet or film.

[0072] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier comprising a metallic and / or a polymeric substrate, and / or fibre-reinforced plastic substrate, or fibre composite, preferably wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a material selected from one or more metals, preferably, aluminium, steel, copper and / or titanium, or their alloys.

[0073] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a polymeric sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon or metal wires.

[0074] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises at least one polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon or metal wires.

[0075] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, which may include at least polymeric sheet / film and / or at least one metal plate, preferably at least one polyimide sheet / film, and / or at least one metal plate. Further, the adsorbent carrier may comprise at least one electrically conductive layer.

[0076] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a composite material that may include fibre composite, or fibre- reinforced plastic materials, such as mineral fibre-reinforced plastic materials, natural fibre-reinforced plastic materials, and / or synthetic fibre-reinforced materials. Examples of fibre-reinforced plastic materials are carbon fibre-reinforced plastic materials, aramid fibre-reinforced plastic materials, glass fibre-reinforced plastic materials, glass fibre- reinforced polyimide film, glass fibre- reinforced aluminized polyimide film, preferably carbon -fibre reinforced plastic materials. Additionally, the composite material may include electrically conductive elements. The fibre composite may comprise carbon fibres as heat conductors for heat transfer attached to various carrier materials, such as polymers, fleeces, mats by for example embroidery.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a polyimide composite material. Additionally, the polyimide composite material may include electrically conductive / resistive elements, such as metal foils or metal wires, or carbon-based materials (carbon fibres or graphite).

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a glass-fibre reinforced polyimide material or a glass-fibre reinforced aluminized polyimide film. Additionally, the glass-fibre reinforced plastic material may include electrically conductive elements.

[0079] The glass-fibre reinforced aluminized polyimide film may comprise a polyimide film layer, which serves as the base due to its exceptional thermal stability, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation properties. This polyimide layer can withstand very high temperatures and harsh chemical environments, providing a durable foundation for the composite. Embedded within or bonded to the polyimide layer is glass fibre, which enhances the material's mechanical strength and rigidity. The glass fibre, may be woven into a fabric or mat, adds tensile strength, dimensional stability, and overall durability. Optionally, the outermost layer of the composite may have an aluminized coating, i.e., a thin layer of aluminium applied to the polyimide film. Additionally, the carbon fibre reinforced plastic material may include electrically conductive elements / components, such as metal foils.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a carbon fibre reinforced plastic material or carbon fibre composite. Additionally, the carbon fibre reinforced plastic material may include electrically conductive elements / components, such as metal foils.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, the metal-plastic composite comprising at least one polyimide sheet / film, and at least one electrically conductive layer, and optionally at least one metal plate, wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises at least one electrically resistive component, metal, carbon, carbon-based material (carbon fibres or graphite) or metal wires.

[0082] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, where the metal-plastic composite comprises a combination of at least one polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and a metal plate attached to the at least one polyimide sheet.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises one or more polyimide sheets / films comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon, carbon fibres, metal foils or metal wires.

[0084] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises at least one adsorbent carrier, wherein each adsorbent carrier comprises two polyimide sheets / films and a metal foil sandwiched between the two polyimide sheets / films, and optionally a metal plate is attached to at least one of the two polyimide sheets / films.

[0085] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a fibre-reinforced plastic film / sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component / element integrated / embedded therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon, carbon fibres, or metal wires or metal foils. For example, the fibre- reinforced plastic film or sheet may include fibre- reinforced plastic materials, such carbon fibre-reinforced plastic materials, aramid fibre-reinforced plastic materials, glass fibre- reinforced plastic materials, or natural fibre-reinforced plastic materials, glass fibre- reinforced aluminized polyimide film, carbon fibre integrated into the surface of various flexible carriers such as matts, textile materials, polymer.

[0086] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a fibre composite, at least one electrically resistive component, such as metal wire, and optionally a metal plate.

[0087] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a glass-fibre reinforced aluminized polyimide film / sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated / embedded therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal foils, carbon, carbon-based material (carbon fibres or graphite) or metal wires. In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metalplastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite includes at least one polyimide or silicone sheet / film, at least one electrically conductive layer and optionally at least one metal plate. The polymer sheet is adhered to the metal plate and can be positioned on one or both sides of the metal plate. Additionally, heating elements such as metal wires, carbon fibres, or metal-coated carbon fibres can be embedded into the polyimide or silicone sheet. These heating elements enable resistance heating, ensuring efficient and uniform heating of the adsorbent material. The metal plate provides mechanical support and efficient heat transfer, while the polyimide sheet / silicone sheet offers thermal stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance.

[0088] By carefully regulating the temperature, the device of the present invention can ensure that CO2 is desorbed quickly while minimizing the release of water vapor.

[0089] The electrically conductive layer may comprise at least one electrically resistive component adapted for resistance heating, selected from a group consisting of metal foils, metal wires, intermetallic compounds, ceramic materials or carbon-based materials, such as graphite and carbon fibres.

[0090] This metal foil(s) or metal wire(s) can be of a high-resistance metal alloy, such as nickelchromium (NiCr) or copper-nickel (CuNi), wherein the metal foil is configured to generate heat when an electrical current passes through it. The metal foil(s) can be laminated between layers of polyimide film, preferably between two layers of polyimide film.

[0091] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent carrier comprising a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises at least one polyimide sheet / film, and at least one electrically conductive layer, and optionally at least one metal plate.

[0092] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent carrier comprising a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises one or more polyimide sheets / films comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon, carbon fibres, metal foils or metal wires.

[0093] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent carrier comprising a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises a combination of at least one polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and a metal plate attached to the polyimide sheet.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises two outer polyimide sheets and at least one metal, metal foil or metal plate positioned in between the polyimide sheets, wherein the metal or metal plate has on both sides a layer of a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality adhered thereto by means of a binder.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises two outer polyimide sheets and at least one metal, metal foil or metal plate positioned in between the polyimide sheets, wherein the at least one of the two polyimide sheets has on at least one of its sides a layer of a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality adhered thereto by means of a binder. The side(s) of the polyimide sheets to which the adsorbent is adhered is / are the most outer surface(s) of the adsorbent carrier. In an exemplary embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent carrier comprising a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metalplastic composite comprises two polyimide films / sheets, at least one electrically conductive layer sandwiched between the polyimide films / sheets, and optionally a metal plate attached to at least one of the two polyimide films / sheets. The adsorbent beads are adhered to at least one surface of the polyimide sheets or polyimide films and to at least part of the metal plate, when the metal plate is attached the polyimide films or polyimide sheets.

[0096] In an embodiment, the metal-plastic composite of the present invention comprises at least one polymeric sheet, preferably a polyimide sheet, and optionally a metal plate positioned adjacent to the polymeric sheet, wherein a layer of a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality adhered thereto by means of a binder to the polymeric sheet. Further, the polyimide sheet comprises a resistive element, that can be in the form of resistive foil, preferably metal foil, metal, carbon, carbon fibres, or metal wires.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent carrier comprising a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal - plastic composite comprises at least one fibre composite or fibre- reinforced plastic material, optionally at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one metal, preferably a metal plate. Further, the at least one fibre-reinforced polymeric material can be preferably a glass fibre- reinforced plastic material or carbon fibre reinforced plastic material. In a further embodiment, the metal-plastic composite comprises two outer polyimide sheets and a metal plate positioned in between the polyimide sheets, wherein the metal plate has on both sides a layer of a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality adhered thereto by means of a binder to the polyimide sheet. The layer of particulate material having primary amino functionality serves as the adsorbent material. The two outer polyimide sheets may comprise at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon or metal wires.

[0098] The device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source may comprise a plurality of adsorbent carries comprising these metal-plastic composites. In an embodiment, device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source comprise a plurality of metal-plastic composites, each consisting of at least one polyimide sheet and a metal plate.

[0099] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, which includes at least one silicone sheet, at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one metal plate.

[0100] In an embodiment, a plurality of adsorbent carriers in a sheetlike plates are stacked in parallel, and wherein each plate comprises at least one adsorbent material layer disposed thereon.

[0101] Carrier Sheets and Matrices

[0102] The adsorbent carrier may be in any suitable shape. Particularly good performing adsorbent carrier structures are comprised sheets of material, which allowed for a minimal pressure drop when a gas is flown, therefore.

[0103] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises at least one polyimide sheet or fibre-reinforced plastic sheet and / or at least one metal plate, or a polymeric material with uniformly distributed embedded wires or foils, forming the electrically conductive layer. Suitable resistive heating wires or foils may include metal wires or metal foils, such as nickel-chromium (NiCr), Kanthal (FeCrAI), copper-nickel (CuNi), copper, stainless steel, tungsten, and platinum. These wires or foils can be embedded within a polymeric sheet, such as polyimide, to serve as resistive heating elements. The carrier sheet may be constructed with a uniform distribution of electrically conductive elements, such as carbon, carbon fibres, or metal wires, embedded within the imide material, more particularly within the polyimide material. These conductive elements enable the sheet to generate heat when an electric current passes through them.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the metal-plastic composite is prepared by laminating a structure where a metal foil is sandwiched between two outer polyimide films, each with a glass transition temperature of up to 300°C. This configuration is then subjected to continuous hot pressing in either a vacuum or a nitrogen atmosphere. Following the lamination process, a metal plate may be adhered to at least one of the polyimide films to serve as a support. Further, the thickness of these polyimide films can be preferably in the range of 5 pm to 50 pm, more preferably 5 pm to 25 pm to facilitate ease of film handling. Films thinner than 5 pm tend to be challenging to handle during manufacturing processes and difficult to handle, often leading to wrinkling, while films thicker than 50 pm are generally considered uneconomical. The metal foil serving as electrical conductor may be surface treated by metal plating, surface oxidation or texturing.

[0105] Particulate Adsorbent

[0106] The adsorbent material is selected to have a high affinity for CO2, such as amine-based adsorbent materials. The filtered gas is then discharged from the filter unit. The filter unit is designed to receive a flow of a gas stream containing CO2. The gas flows through the channels of the filter unit and is captured by the adsorbent material. The filtered gas is then discharged from the filter unit.

[0107] Preferably, a primary amine-functionalised adsorbent material is employed. The adsorbent layers thus preferably comprise at least one primary amine adsorbent selected from the group consisting of amino-functionalized silica, polyethyleneimine, and activated carbon modified with primary amines.

[0108] The adsorbent material typically takes the form of adsorbent particles, adsorbent powder, a porous monolithic structure, or the form of an essentially contiguous adsorbent layer on a solid support carrier structure, or a combination thereof.

[0109] The amine moieties in the a-carbon position are preferably substituted by two hydrogen substituents or one hydrogen and one alkyl group (preferably having up to ten carbon atoms, preferably selected as methyl or ethyl) which can be linear or branched and can contain further amino moieties in the branching, or two alkyl groups (preferably having up to ten carbon atoms, preferably selected as methyl or ethyl) which can be linear or branched and can contain further amino moieties in the branching , or one hydrogen and an amino group, or one hydrogen and alkyl amino moieties where the alkyl group (up to ten carbon atoms, preferably methyl or ethyl) can be linear or branched and contain further amino moieties in the branching, preferably the adsorbent material comprises primary and / or secondary benzylamine moieties. Most preferably the carbon dioxide capture moieties of the adsorbent material consist of primary benzylamine moieties.

[0110] The solid support of the adsorbent material can be a porous or non-porous material based on an organic and / or inorganic material, preferably a polymer material. Preferably this is selected from the group of linear or branched, cross-linked or uncross-linked polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, acrylate-based polymers, polyacrylonitrile or combinations thereof, wherein preferably the polymer material is poly(styrene) or poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) based, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the adsorbent material is based on a polystyrene material, preferably crosslinked polystyrene material and most preferably poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene), which is at least partially functionalized with (primary or secondary) amino moieties or contains benzylamine moieties, preferably throughout the material or at least or only on its surface. The material or the functionalization can for instance be obtained by amido-methylation, or phthalimide or chloromethylation reaction pathways, or a combination thereof.

[0111] The primary and / or secondary amine moieties can also be part of a polyethyleneimine structure, preferably obtained using aziridine, which is preferably chemically and / or physically attached to a solid support.

[0112] Particularly preferred adsorbents are bead-shaped polymeric adsorbents with a primary amino functionality. Such materials are for instance known as ion exchange resins. They are preferably designed to selectively adsorb CO2 molecules from the air, allowing for their separation and subsequent capture. The adsorptive capacity and selectivity of the resin are key factors for effective CO2 capture from ambient air. The adsorbents typically possess a high affinity for CO2, enabling efficient capture even at low concentrations. They are preferably highly functionalized with amine groups and / or other chemically reactive sites that facilitate CO2 adsorption. These functional groups attract and bind with the CO2 molecules, effectively removing them from the surrounding air.

[0113] The adsorbent material, preferably in porous form, and having specific BET surface area, in the range of 0.5 to 4000 m2 / g or 1 to 2000 m2 / g, preferably 1 to 1000 m2 / g, preferably takes the form of a layer or a plurality of layers of solid particles. The adsorbent material according to yet another preferred embodiment takes the form of preferably essentially spherical beads with a particle size (D50) in the range of 0.002 to 4 mm, preferably of from 0.01 tol.5 mm.

[0114] In the present direct air capture (DAC) systems, large volumes of air are drawn into contact with the particulate adsorbent layers. The adsorption process is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and the composition of the air. Lower temperatures and higher humidity levels can enhance the adsorption performance of the resin, while higher temperatures and lower humidity levels can affect its efficiency. Thus, operating conditions must be carefully controlled to maximize CO2 capture.

[0115] Once the adsorbent becomes saturated with CO2, it needs to be regenerated to release the captured CO2 and restore its adsorption capacity. The regeneration process typically involves the application of heat or changes in pressure or gas composition to desorb the CO2 from the adsorbent. The released CO2 can then be collected, purified, and potentially used for various purposes, including carbon sequestration or utilization.

[0116] A particularly suitable adsorbent for the present process and device is a polymeric particular adsorbent having a primary amino functionality at a total capacity of at least 2.0 eq. / l, a surface area (BET) in the range of from 25 to 75 m2 / g, and an average pore diameter of 1 to 200 nm, more preferably of from 5 to 150 nm. The surface area may preferably be determined according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Determination— Test Method-BS 4359-1:1996 (ISO 9277:1). The total capacity and other properties may preferably be determined according to test method ASTM D2187-94.

[0117] A particularly preferred adsorbent is a free base amine bead functionalized with the primary amine benzylamine and supported on a porous polyester structure crosslinked with divinyl benzene. The adsorbent preferably is in the form of spherical beads, which are functionalised with benzyl amine groups. The polymeric matrix hence comprises crosslinked polystyrene. It preferably has an activity expressed as total capacity of at least 2 eq. / l, more preferably at least 2.1 and yet more preferably at least 2.2. It preferably has a uniformity coefficient of at most 1.9, more preferably at most 1.8.

[0118] The beads preferably have a size in the range of from 0.25 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.3 mm, for at least 85% of the particles present. The adsorbent preferably has a bulk density of 600 g / l to 720 g / l, with a variation of + / _5%- The water retention rate preferably is in the range of from 60 to 75 wt. %, more preferably in the rage of from 65 to 70 wt. %. The adsorbent surface area (BET) preferably is in the range of from 30 to 65 m2 / g, more preferably 40 to 60, and most preferably 45 to 55 m2 / g. The pore volume preferably is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.4 cm3 / gm. The adsorbent preferably has an average pore diameter of 25 nm. Another particularly preferred adsorbent is a particulate macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, in the form of Spherical Beads and functionalised with primary amine groups. This adsorbent preferably has a total capacity of 2 eq / L; a moisture retention in the range of from 60 - 66 %; a particle size in the range of from 300 - 1200 pm, a fine content of < 300 of maximally 1 %; and a uniformity coefficient of at most 1.7. The adsorbent preferably has a bulk density of 670 - 710 g / L.

[0119] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises CO2 adsorbent, wherein the CO2 adsorbent comprises layers of adsorbent material having adsorbent particles.

[0120] Adhesion to Carrier

[0121] The particulate adsorbent is adhered or bonded to the adsorbent carrier material by physical mechanisms or by chemical bonding, or a combination thereof.

[0122] Physical mechanisms may include sintering, compression adhesion, or other kinds of a mechanical entrapment. Chemical mechanisms include processes like adhesive bonding, electrostatic attraction, or covalent bonding. The chosen method ensures a strong and durable bond between the carrier and adsorbent, to prevent the adsorbent particles from dislodging or migrating during the ad- and desorption process.

[0123] Various different binders may be employed to adhere the particles to the adsorbent carrier. These binders are typically substances used to adhere or bond particles to a surface, providing cohesion and stability to the particle matrix whereby. The binder provides adhesion, durability, thermal and mechanical properties.

[0124] Various types of binders may advantageously be employed in the present application. These include thermosetting or thermoplastic polymeric binders, formulated as adhesive compositions. Thermoplastic polymers, such as polyvinyl acetates, polyolefins or acrylics soften when heated, and allow particles to be embedded and adhere to the surface. Thermosetting polymers, such as epoxy, phenolic, urea-formaldehyde or polyester resins, undergo a chemical cross-linking reaction upon curing with a curing agent, resulting in a strong and permanent bond. These can be blended with particles and then cured to form a durable and rigid composite material, having excellent adhesion, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength.

[0125] Further useful adhesive compositions include binders designed specifically for bonding particles to a surface, comprising liquid adhesives, hot melt adhesives, transfer tapes or pressure-sensitive adhesives.

[0126] Furthermore, inorganic binders, such as cementitious or sol-gel binders may be advantageously applied. These include gypsum or concrete. Cementitious binders chemically react with water to form a solid matrix, providing a strong bond with particles and the substrate; whereas sol-gel binders are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides or metal salts, and are often used in providing thin films to adhere particles to a surface.

[0127] Other than liquid compositions or solid pressure sensitive adhesives, useful binders also include powdered materials used to agglomerate or consolidate the particles. These include cellulosic or polymeric binders that can be added to the adsorbent particles, and then create a bonded material by application of heat or curing mechanisms.

[0128] The selection of the appropriate binder depends on factors such as compatibility with the particles and carrier surface, wetting, retained porosity, and other desired properties such as flexibility, hardness, chemical resistance, curing conditions, and environmental considerations, and are preferably chosen to ensure optimal adhesion and performance of the particle-binder system.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the adsorbent is present in an amount in the range of 50 to 90% by weight and the binder is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 40% by weight.

[0130] In a further embodiment, the adsorption matrix formed is effective to provide an increased hardness reduction as compared to a comparative bed media that comprises an adsorbent in bead form that is not immobilized by a binder. Another embodiment is the adsorption matrix is effective to provide lower pressure drop as compared to a comparative bed media that comprises an adsorbent in bead form that is not immobilized by a binder.

[0131] In an embodiment, the adsorbent particles are adhered to the adsorbent carrier and / or inter particle interfaces by a bonding agent, preferably wherein the bonding agent comprises a thermally stable adhesive, for example with a thermal stability range of from 80-115°Cresin, binders, and / or wherein the adsorbent particles are sintered or annealed to the carrier, i.e. the adsorbent carrier, and / or inter particle interfaces.

[0132] Adsorbent Layer Thickness

[0133] Traditionally, adsorptive separation processes use packed beds of adsorbent particulates. However, the traditional packed beds require a rather long time to saturated, and to desorb. According to the present disclosure, the use of adsorbent adhered to an adsorbent carrier, thereby forming a layer, preferably a thin-layered monolith, provides an adsorbent bed that has low pressure drop, good flow distribution, and low dispersion. The devices according to the present invention exhibit a very low flow tortuosity and meet the requirement for a low pressure drop. Other advantages include avoidance of bed fluidization or lifting. The subject devices hence use a bed of a particulate adsorbent comprising adsorbent particles that are structured with a thin layer of the adsorbent material adhered onto the surface of a carrier material with a minimum cross-sectional dimension of the particle preferably less than 350 pm.

[0134] The term "adsorbent material layer" or "adsorbent layer" refers to a layer specifically designed to capture and hold CO2 molecules through adsorption. This layer typically consists of particles, beads, or granules of adsorbent material with a high surface area and active sites that facilitate the adsorption process. The adsorbent material layer is integrated into an adsorbent carrier or support structure, such as a polyimide sheet or metal plate, forming a functional component in systems used for CO2 direct air capture. The adsorbent layer, also referred to adsorbent material layer, on the exterior surfaces of the carrier core preferably has an average thickness in the range from 100 to 850 pm, more preferably of from 150 to 650 pm.

[0135] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorbent particle layer can be formed with a solid, non- porous carrier core with the adsorbent formed as an adherent layer coating the exposed exterior surfaces of the carrier.

[0136] In one embodiment, the thickness ratio of the adsorbent carrier thickness to the thickness of the adsorbent layer is 1:1 to 1:10.

[0137] It was found that the use of the adsorbent in the form of a layered film of controlled thickness on the surface of a carrier having a low or limited permeability can have significant advantages in rapid cycle adsorption and desorption processes, with cycle durations typically of less than 30 minutes.

[0138] By using a defined layer thickness, heat accumulation in the adsorbent layer can be limited so that exotherms and hot spots in the adsorbent bed can be minimized.

[0139] In an embodiment, the CO2 adsorbent is in a form of adsorbent material layers comprising adsorbent particles and a matrix material that is thermally conductive and holds the particles in place without reducing the adsorptive activity. In an embodiment, the adsorbent adhered to the adsorbent carrier of the present invention comprises a particulate polymer material having a primary amino functionality derived from a free base amine, and preferably is a polymer particle functionalized with a primary amine, more preferably benzylamine, wherein the amine functionality is supported on a porous polyester structure crosslinked with divinyl benzene; or a particulate macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene.

[0140] In an embodiment, the average adsorbent particles layer thickness on the carrier, i.e. an adsorbent carrier, is in the range of from 1 to 10 average particle diameters. Particle diameter refers to the average size of an individual adsorbent particle, typically measured as the distance across the particle at its widest point. For example, if the average diameter of the adsorbent particles or beads is 0.5 mm, then the thickness of the adsorbent layer on the adsorbent carrier would be between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

[0141] Gas Adsorbent Unit

[0142] A filter or filter unit in the context of the present invention is a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source. A filter with an adsorbent carrier material that has a particulate adsorbent adhered or bonded to it is a type of filtration system designed to remove specific contaminants from a fluid or gas stream. The adsorbent carrier serves as a support structure, while the particulate adsorbent provides the active adsorption capacity.

[0143] The adsorbent carrier or carrier material can be made of various substances, including metals, polymers, or fibrous materials, as will be set out in detail below. Its primary function is to provide mechanical strength and stability to the filter, as well as to transfer heat to and from the adsorbent. The adsorbent carrier may be in the form of a mesh, fabric, foam, or solid structure, depending on the specific application requirements.

[0144] The particulate adsorbent, on the other hand, is responsible for capturing and retaining CO2. It is typically composed of granules, particles, or fibres that possess a high affinity for CO2. The adsorbent material can vary depending on the nature of the gas flow, and may include amine functionalised polymer beads, as well as activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, or other specialty resins with specific chemical functionalities. When the fluid or gas stream passes over and / or through the filter, CO2 comes into contact with the adsorbent material. The adsorbent's surface chemistry and porosity allow it to attract and retain the CO2 through adsorption mechanisms including chemical bonding and physical interactions. As a result, the CO2 is effectively removed from the gas stream, resulting in an effluent reduced in CO2. By periodically regenerating the adsorbent media, an effluent enriched in CO2 is attained, which may further be pressurized or directly employed. In this manner, a continuous alternating process can be maintained, allowing for consistent CO2 and humidity removal from ambient air, and supplying a gas stream enriched in CO2. In an embodiment, the device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption is a direct air capture device (DAC) and the gaseous source is air.

[0145] In an embodiment, there is provided a system for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source comprising a plurality of devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, wherein the system comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers arranged such that plurality of carrier(s) form one or more fluid channels.

[0146] Adsorbent Device Heating Element or heating system

[0147] The filter unit, i.e. the device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, comprises a heating element in thermal contact with the stacked plates to enhance the capture and release of CO2. This heating element is configured to heat the adsorbent bed to a desired temperature range. The heating element may be powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind energy. Preferably, due to the efficacy and low energy use, an electric heating element (s) may be employed.

[0148] Different heating devices may be used, which will provide heating of the adsorbent carrier, and hence the adsorbent at least one of the following heating principles, namely induction heating; resistance heating; conduction heating; and / or radiation heating.

[0149] Induction heating is a non-contact method that uses electromagnetic fields to heat metal sheets. Herein, an alternating current is passed through a coil, creating a magnetic field that induces electric currents, known as eddy currents, within a metal sheet. These eddy currents generate heat due to the electrical resistance of the metal. Induction heating offers rapid and precise heating with good energy efficiency and can be used for localized or uniform heating.

[0150] Resistance heating involves passing an electric current through a sheet, in particular a metal sheet, which generates heat due to the resistance of the material. This method typically uses heating elements, such as resistance wires or heating pads, in direct contact with the metal sheet. Resistance heating can provide uniform heating across the entire sheet surface.

[0151] Conduction heating involves transferring heat to a heat conductive carrier through direct contact with a heated surface or medium. The adsorbent carrier can be placed on or in close proximity to a heating source. The heat is conducted from the heating source to the metal sheet through physical contact. Radiation, in particular infrared heating utilizes electromagnetic radiation in the infrared wavelength range to transfer heat to the metal sheet. Infrared heaters emit infrared radiation that directly heats the surface of the carrier without heating the surrounding air. This method offers rapid and targeted heating, with the ability to control the intensity and distribution of heat. The choice of heating method depends on factors such as the desired heating rate, temperature range, heating uniformity, energy efficiency, and the specific characteristics of the metal sheet and the intended application. A combination of these heating methods to achieve the desired results may be employed.

[0152] A particularly useful adsorbent carrier material may be a directly heated material, where direct heat transfer from the heating elements to the adsorbent beads is achieved. This can be accomplished by integrating electrically resistive elements within or onto the structure of the adsorbent carrier that holds the adsorbent, such as a polymeric bead adsorbent. The electrically resistive elements, such as metal wires, metal foils, carbon, carbon -based materials such as carbon fibres and graphite, ceramics, or conductive inks, serve as the heating elements. Suitable metal wires or metal foils may include nickel-chromium (NiCr), Kanthal (FeCrAI), copper-nickel (CuNi), copper, stainless steel, tungsten, and platinum.

[0153] The term "direct heating" is a method of heating in which heat is generated and applied directly within or on a material or component, in this case the adsorbent, typically using embedded electrically resistive elements such as wires, carbon fibres, or conductive inks, to ensure efficient and uniform temperature distribution without the need for an external heat source.

[0154] The polymeric sheets (including fibre-reinforced plastic materials), such as polyimide sheets, fibre composites, fibre-reinforced polyimide sheets, may be constructed with a uniform distribution of electrically conductive elements, such as carbon, carbon fibres or metal wires, embedded within the imide material, more particularly embedded within the polyimide material. These conductive elements enable the polymeric sheet to generate heat when an electric current passes through them.

[0155] One of the key advantages of the polymeric sheets / material, such as an imide or polyimide heating sheet is its ability to provide electrical insulation properties, ensuring safe and reliable operation. The conductive elements embedded in the imide or polyimide material evenly distribute the heat, ensuring consistent temperature throughout the sheet. This feature makes it suitable for applications where precise and controlled heating is required. The flexibility and thinness of imide heating sheets or polyimide heating sheets allow for easy installation and integration into various systems and surfaces. They can be customshaped or trimmed to fit specific requirements. Additionally, imide materials or polyimide materials offer excellent electrical insulation properties, ensuring safe and reliable operation. A further particularly useful carrier comprises metal sheets or metal porous matrices. These may advantageously be heated through heat sources in direct contact with the metal material, such as electrical heaters, but also piping comprising heat transfer fluids. A preferred embodiment using transfer fluid heating is shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8.

[0156] In an embodiment, the heating system connected to the adsorbent carrier for supplying to or removing thermal energy from the adsorbent in the device of the present invention is an electrical heating system.

[0157] In an alternative embodiment, the heating system connected to the adsorbent carrier for supplying to or removing thermal energy from the adsorbent in the device of the present invention is a thermally conductive heating system.

[0158] Both heating systems can be used in combination with the adsorbent carrier in the present invention. In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive heating material.

[0159] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier comprises a directly heated material. This directly heated material refers to a polymeric material or polymeric sheet that incorporates electrically resistive elements, such as metal wires, carbon fibres, or conductive inks, embedded within or onto its structure. When an electric current is passed through these resistive elements, they generate heat that is directly transferred to the adsorbent beads in direct contact with the heating elements. If there are s beads, which are not in direct contact with the wires, or other heating elements, they are heated through thermal conduction from the directly heated beads and the surrounding material, ensuring efficient and uniform heating of the entire adsorbent layer without the need for an external heat source.

[0160] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a metallic and / or a polymeric substrate, and / or fibre-reinforced plastic substrate, preferably wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a material selected from one or more metals, preferably, aluminium, steel, copper and / or titanium, or their alloys.

[0161] In an embodiment, wherein the adsorbent material or layer comprises adsorbent particles and a matrix material that is thermically conductive and holds the particles in place without reducing the adsorptive activity.

[0162] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises an adsorbent carrier that is a polyimide sheet, the polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon or metal wires.

[0163] Placement in Apparatus

[0164] The apparatus of the invention may include at least one adsorption device within an air flow channel. It further may have a unitary housing with a uniform thickness throughout the length and width of the unitary housing.

[0165] According to an embodiment, a structure may be formed composed of rectangular devices stacked on top of each other to form a rectangular block shaped stack comprising inlet channels, outlet channels and the adsorbent layers. Alternative structures may comprise the device being folded into a pleated configuration, or in a helical configuration. In exemplary embodiments, the device may be shaped in a shape selected from circular, oval, polygonal, helical, and combinations thereof. In some particular exemplary embodiments, the device may have a polygonal shape selected from triangular, square, rectangular, diamond, trapezoidal, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, and combinations thereof.

[0166] In another aspect, a direct air capture (DAC) apparatus is disclosed which comprises: a matrix formed from a carrier (i.e. an adsorbent carrier), a binder that immobilizes the adsorbent particles, a housing surrounding the matrix, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet.

[0167] Manifold and Housing

[0168] The device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source (also called adsorption / desorption device) may advantageously be enclosed in a housing to protect the adsorbent carrier and adsorbent materials. The housing may include one or more inlets and outlets for the gas flow, and a control system for regulating the gas flow and temperature. In an embodiment, the device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source further comprises a housing that permits to separate a gas stream in the interior of the housing from the exterior of the housing, the housing further comprising a first and a second manifold located at opposite ends of the housing in the direction of a gaseous flow through the housing, and wherein the first and second manifold are in fluid communication with the plurality of fluid channels.

[0169] The housing may also include a filter unit. The filter unit comprises at least one adsorbent carrier (or carrier sheet) with adsorbent particles securely attached to its surface. This filter unit is designed to facilitate the efficient adsorption and desorption of gases, such as CO2, from fluid streams.

[0170] The plurality of adsorbent carries may be stacked or arranged otherwise. Further, the plurality of adsorbent carriers may be formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; Also, the adsorbent carriers may be arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent adsorbent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; The housing may also include a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit.

[0171] The filter unit further advantageously also comprises a first and second manifold located at opposite ends of the stacked metal plates, which are in fluid communication with the plurality of channels of the metal plates. The filtered fluid stream is removed from the second manifold until saturation is attained, at which point the adsorbent material layers are regenerated by increasing the temperature of the stacked metal plates with an electric heating element in thermal contact with the metal plates.

[0172] The adsorbent carriers can be metal plates with adsorbent layers on top, which can be stacked to form the filter unit.

[0173] In an embodiment, the plurality of adsorbent carriers in a sheetlike plates are stacked in parallel, and wherein each plate comprises at least one adsorbent material layer disposed thereon.

[0174] The stacked metal plate adsorption filter unit may be enclosed in a housing to protect the metal plates and adsorbent material layers, as well as to comprise the gas streams.

[0175] A method for removing CO2 from a fluid stream using the stacked metal plate adsorption filter is also provided. The method includes introducing the fluid stream into the first manifold, flowing the fluid stream through the plurality of channels of the metal plates and primary amine adsorbent material layers, and removing the filtered fluid stream from the second manifold.

[0176] Upon saturation, the primary amine adsorbent material layers may be regenerated by increasing the temperature of the stacked metal plates with the heating element, thereby releasing carbon dioxide. A stream enriched in carbon dioxide may then be collected and used for a desired application.

[0177] In FIG. 3, a perspective view of a stack comprising device with carriers (i.e. adsorbent carriers) and adsorbent material layers is shown. The gas inlet side through which the gas flow enters the structure can either be formed by a gas inlet manifold or can be open to the environment. The gas outlet side through which the gas flow exits the structure can either be formed by a gas outlet manifold or can be open to the environment.

[0178] Further, there is provided a system for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source comprising a plurality of devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, wherein the system comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers arranged such that plurality of carrier(s) form one or more fluid channels.

[0179] The system may comprise a plurality of adsorbent carriers made from a metal-plastic composite, wherein the metal-plastic composite may comprise at least one polyimide sheet / film, and at least one electrically conductive layer, and optionally at least one metal plate. For example, the metal of the metal-plastic composite can be selected from the group consisting of steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper and / or titanium, or their alloys.

[0180] Further, the metal of the metal-plastic composite can be a metal plate provides mechanical support and efficient heat transfer.

[0181] Method

[0182] Therein, the adsorption process takes place at ambient atmospheric conditions at which air is streamed through the adsorbent material and a portion of the CO2 contained in the air is chemically bound at the surface of amine functionalized adsorbents. This method is also known, as a direct air capture, that can capture CO2 directly from the atmosphere. During the subsequent desorption, the adsorbent material is heated and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide surrounding the adsorbent is reduced by applying a vacuum or exposing the adsorbent to a purge gas flow. Thereby, the previously captured carbon dioxide is removed from the adsorbent material and obtained in a concentrated form.

[0183] Further, a method for manufacturing the device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source is provided, where the method may comprise the following steps: providing an adsorbent carrier; adhering the particulate adsorbents to the adsorbent carrier; and providing a heat transfer mechanism or a heating system to the adsorbent carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device.

[0184] The method further may comprise a step of adhering the adsorbents to the carrier by applying a bonding agent, which can be selected from adhesives, resins, coatings, and sintered interfaces, transfer tape. Furthermore, adhering the adsorbent particles to the carrier may involve arranging the particles in a pattern or layer on the carrier and then subjecting them to a curing step, resulting in the formation of a filter unit. The method may also comprise providing a heat-generating source or simply heat to the carrier in a thermally conductive manner, for dissipating heat to the bonded adsorbent layers.

[0185] In an embodiment, a method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream using a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption apparatus comprising stacked or otherwise arranged adsorbent carriers comprising an adsorbent material, the apparatus comprising a plurality of adsorbent carriers formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and low (vacuum) pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; wherein the adsorbent carriers are arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; and a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the adsorbent carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit, the method comprising the following steps: introducing a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide into a gas entry manifold; flowing the gas stream over the one or more adsorbent carriers comprising adsorbent material layers; and removing a carbon dioxide depleted gas stream from an exit manifold; and regenerating the adsorbent material layers by increasing the temperature of the carrier with a heating element, thereby releasing a carbon dioxide enriched gas stream, and collating the carbon dioxide enriched gas stream through the exit manifold.

[0186] Examples

[0187] The following non-limiting examples illustrate a device according to the present disclosure. Example 1. Working Example of the Present Invention in the Form of a Rectangular Stack According to one working example, the structure is composed of rectangular adsorbent material layers on carrier sheets, which are stacked on top of each other to form a rectangular block shaped stack comprising inlet channels, outlet channels for the adsorption and production of CO2 from ambient air. A frame structures is provided by threaded bolts and spacers; whereas the plates have corresponding circular holes; and a stack is thus formed. The adsorbent particles are adhered to the respective surfaces of the plates using a pressure sensitive adhesive, forming a layer of single particle thickness. The carrier also is a directly electrically heated sheet.

[0188] The stack was mounted inside a rectangular vacuum chamber with suitable internal dimensions with an inlet and an outlet manifold for ambient air flow. Two butterfly valves connected to each of the manifolds allow it to seal and open the chamber towards the environment. The inlet opening was equipped with a fan to produce air flow during adsorption. Further, the chamber was connected to a vacuum pump to reduce the pressure during desorption and to a thermostat to control heat and cool the stack during the individual cycle steps. In FIG. 3, a 3-D view of the stack comprising adsorbent devices is shown. the metal-plastic composite system can be i.e. polyimide-stainless steel composite. The purpose of the plastic is to reduce the overall weight as well as the thermal mass. This heating element is for heating and optionally cooling in the adsorption and desorption cycles— ideally only the adsorbent will be heated and cooled, not the surrounding structure. This heating element shows a rapid heat transfer to the adsorbent.

[0189] The heating system is connected to at least one adsorbent carrier and provides power to the adsorbent carriers that are configured as both heating elements and support for the adsorbent. The heating system for the device can be either an electrical source or a thermally conductive source, depending on the materials of the adsorbent carrier. Electrical sources provide direct and controllable heating through resistive elements, while thermally conductive sources use heated fluids and conductive materials to transfer heat For example, when the adsorbent carrier comprises a polyimide heater, it can be powered, specifically the resistive elements, by an electrical source, either AC or DC, which can be connected to the polyimide heater through insulated leads. Alternatively, if the adsorbent carrier comprises only metal plates, it can be heated using a thermally conductive method. In this case, heat can be supplied via heated fluids, such as water or steam, that flow through or around the metal plates, transferring heat by conduction. In an embodiment, the heating system is an electrical heating system. In an alternative embodiment, the heating system is a thermally conductive heating system. A polyimide heater can be a type of flexible heating element that is constructed using polyimide film as the base material. Polyimide heaters may comprise of a thin film of polyimide with integrated (embedded) resistive heating elements or electrically resistive components. The " electrically resistive component" refers to a specific part or element within the polyimide sheet that exhibits electrical resistance. This means the component has the ability to hinder or resist the flow of electrical current passing through it, resulting in the conversion of electrical energy into heat. Resistive heating elements generate heat through the phenomenon of joule heating. When an electrical current passes through the element, heat is produced due to the resistive nature of its design. These resistive heating elements are commonly made of either metals, metallic alloys, ceramic materials, or carbon.

[0190] The resistive heating elements of the present invention are typically made of materials, such as stainless steel, copper, nickel, chromium or alloys thereof; carbon, such as carbon fibres, or metal wires. For example, the metal wire or carbon embedded within the polyimide film will exhibit properties of both being a conductor and having electrical resistance. The polyimide acts as an electrical insulator and mechanical support for the metal wire, ensuring safety and durability. The heat generated by the heating element is conducted through the polyimide film or layers. Polyimide, despite being an electrical insulator, has good thermal conductivity, allowing the heat to transfer efficiently from the heating element to the outer surface of the heater.

[0191] Further, the adsorbent of the present invention is adhered by means of binder to the polyimide sheet having a resistive component integrated therein, where the resistive component can be carbon, carbon fibre, metal, metal alloy, or metal wire. The presence of the resistive component enables the polyimide sheet to act as a resistive heating element. When an electric current is passed through the polyimide sheet, it generates heat. This heat is then transferred to the adsorbent, optimizing the adsorption and desorption processes. The resistive component provides the advantage of precise temperature control during adsorption and desorption and reduced energy consumption.

[0192] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises at least one polymeric sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon or metal wires. This polymeric sheet and electrically resistive component can form the metal-plastic composite. In a preferred embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a combination of at least one polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and / or a metal plate attached to the at least one polyimide sheet. This combination can be part of the metal-plastic composite.

[0193] In an alternative embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a at least one fibre- reinforced polymeric film or sheet comprising at least one electrically conductive layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer is preferably an electrically resistive component integrated therein. In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises at least one glass fibre- reinforced aluminized polyimide film or sheet, comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, such as wire.

[0194] In an embodiment, the present invention the polyimide heater comprises a film of polyimide comprising a heating element, which may be either used directly, or connected to a conductive metal plate or foil. The polyimide heater is used in either case as the heating element in the setup but may also represent the entire carrier. It provides the necessary heat to raise the temperature of the system. The metal plate serves as a heat-spreading element or a thermal conductor.

[0195] Individual adsorbent carriers were formed from polyimide heater sheets positioned as outermost layers, while a rectangular stainless steel foil / plate with 0.2 m x 0.4 m edge length, and a height of 0.02 cm, is positioned between the two sheets of polyimide. Further, the stainless steel plate or foil has adsorbent layers adhered to each side of the 0.1 cm thick stainless steel plate. The stainless steel foil acts as a substrate or support for the polyimide heater sheets. It provides structural stability and heat conduction properties. The stainless steel plate is typically thicker and larger compared to the polyimide sheets. The two polyimide heater sheets sandwich the stainless steel plate with the adsorbent particles adhered to the stainless steel plate on both sides. A gas is passed through the adsorbent. The adsorbent particles are specifically selected from one or more: particulate macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinyl benzene; free base amine bead functionalized with the primary amine benzylamine and supported on a porous polyester structure crosslinked with divinylbenzene

[0196] A top view of such a single frame is shown in FIG. 10, a respective cross section in FIG. 11. The fabrication and assembly of the overall structure comprises the following steps: A total amount of 475 g adsorbent at an adsorbent volume of 495 g / L adsorbent was employed. The stainless steel plate geometry was 10 plates, each with dimensions at 30 cm x 40 cm having outer polyimide sheets. The polyimide heaters were directly heated with a voltage of 220 AC. A total energy consumption (kWh) of 0.11 translated to an energy consumption / kg

[0197] CO? 5.1 (kWh / kg), at a heating maximum of 105°C, and a gas flow of 30 m3 / h. This shows that a lower amount of adsorbent has been used compared to other designs.

[0198] FIG. 2 shows the resultant adsorption and desorption cycles, which showed a surprisingly quick desorption, also indicating that the line-up appears to allow to release the adsorbed carbon dioxide, while retaining at least part of the adsorbed water, thereby limiting the energy use to the ad- and desorption of the desired carbon dioxide.

Claims

Claims1. A device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) an adsorbent carrier, b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having amino functionality; and c) a heating system integrated within or connected to the adsorbent carrier for supplying to or removing thermal energy from the adsorbent.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive material and / or directly heated material.

3. The device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a metallic and / or a polymeric substrate, preferably wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a material selected from one or more metals, preferably, aluminium, steel, copper and / or titanium.

4. The device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises at least one composite, such as fibre composites, fibre-reinforced plastic material, wherein the at least one fibre-reinforced plastic material is selected from the group consisting of mineral fibre-reinforced plastic materials, natural fibre- reinforced plastic materials, and / or synthetic fibre-reinforced materials.

5. The device according to claims 4, wherein the fibre-reinforced plastic material is a glass-fibre reinforced plastic material or a carbon fibre-reinforced plastic material.

6. The device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the CO2 adsorbent comprises layers of adsorbent material having adsorbent particles.

7. The according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the adsorbent particles are adhered to the adsorbent carrier and / or inter particle interfaces by a bonding agent, preferably wherein the bonding agent comprises a thermally stable adhesive, resin, binders, and / or wherein the adsorbent particles are sintered or annealed to the carrier and / or inter particle interfaces.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an average adsorbent particles layer thickness on the carrier is in the range of from 1 to 10 average particle diameters.

9. The device according to according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a metal-plastic composite.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises at least one polyimide sheet / film, and / or at least one metal plate.

11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the metal-plastic composite further comprises at least one electrically conductive layer.

12. The device according to Claim 9, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises at least one fibre-reinforced plastic material, optionally at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one metal, preferably a metal plate.

13. The device according to Claim 13, wherein the at least one fibre-reinforced polymeric material is a glass fibre- reinforced plastic material or carbon fibre reinforced plastic material.

14. The device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises at least one electrically resistive component adapted for resistance heating, selected from a group consisting of metal foils, metal wires, intermetallic compounds, ceramic materials or carbon-based materials, such as graphite and carbon fibres.

15. The device according to claim 10, wherein the metal plate is made of a stainless steel, aluminium, copper, titanium, or alloys thereof.

16. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the particulate polymer material has a primary amino functionality derived from a free base amine, and preferably is a polymer particle functionalized with a primary amine, more preferably benzylamine, wherein the amine functionality is supported on a porous polyester structure crosslinked with divinyl benzene; or a particulate macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinyl benzene.

17. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises at least one polymeric sheet / film comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon, metal foils, or metal wires.

18. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises one or more polyimide sheets / films comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and adapted for resistance heating, wherein the electrically resistive component is preferably metal, carbon, carbon fibres, metal foils or metal wires.

19. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 18, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a combination of at least one polyimide sheet comprising at least one electrically resistive component integrated therein, and a metal plate attached to the at least one polyimide sheet.

20. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 19, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises two polyimide films / sheets, at least one electrically conductive layer sandwiched between the polyimide films / sheets, and optionally a metal plate attached to at least one of the two polyimide films / sheets.

21. The device according to claim 10, wherein the metal-plastic composite comprises two outer polyimide sheets and at least one electrically conductive layer selectedfrom metal, metal foil or metal plate positioned in between the polyimide sheets, wherein the at least one of the two polyimide sheets has on at least one of its sides a layer of a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality adhered thereto by means of a binder.

22. The device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the thermally conductive material is in the form of a plate or sheetlike material.

23. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the heating system is an electrical heating system.

24. A system for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source comprising a plurality of devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the system comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers arranged such that plurality of carrier(s) form one or more fluid channels.

25. A method for manufacturing a device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising: providing an adsorbent carrier, adhering the particulate adsorbents to the adsorbent carrier, and providing a heat transfer mechanism a heating system to the adsorbent carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the adhering of the adsorbents to the carrier comprises applying a bonding agent selected from the group consisting of adhesives, resins, coatings, and sintered interfaces.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein step b. of adhering of the adsorbent particles to the carrier comprises arranging the adsorbent particles in a pattern or a layer on the carrier, and subjecting the adsorbent particles to a curing step, to form a filter unit.

28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising providing a heat-generating source to the carrier in thermally conductive manner, for dissipating heat to the bonded adsorbent layers.

29. A carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption apparatus comprising stacked or otherwise arranged adsorbent carriers according to claims 1 to 23 comprising an adsorbent material, the apparatus comprising a plurality of adsorbent carriers formed of a material that is resistant to corrosion, erosion, and deformation caused by high temperatures and pressures, and having a high heat transfer coefficient; wherein the adsorbent carriers are arranged in a configuration to create a plurality of fluid channels that extend longitudinally through the filter unit, and wherein adjacent adsorbent carriers are oriented such that the fluid channels allow a gas stream to pass through the filter unit; and a heating element configured to provide heat to the adsorbent present on the adsorbent carrier, thereby facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide from the filter unit.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the plurality of adsorbent carriers in a sheetlike plates are stacked in parallel, and wherein each plate comprises at least one adsorbent material layer disposed thereon.

31. The apparatus according to any one of claims 29 to 30, further comprising a housing that permits to separate a gas stream in the interior of the housing from the exterior of the housing, the housing further comprising a first and a second manifold located at opposite ends of the housing in the direction of a gaseous flow through the housing, and wherein the first and second manifold are in fluid communication with the plurality of fluid channels.

32. The apparatus according to any one of claims 29 to 31, further comprising a conduit for collecting a gas stream reduced in carbon dioxide content; and / or a gas stream enriched in carbon dioxide.

33. A method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream using the apparatus according to any of claims 29 to 32, comprising: introducing a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide into a gas entry manifold; flowing the gas stream over the one or more adsorbent carriers comprising adsorbent material layers; and removing a carbon dioxide depleted gas stream from an exit manifold; and regenerating the adsorbent material layers by increasing the temperature of the adsorbent carrier with a heating element, thereby releasing a carbon dioxide enriched gas stream, and collating the carbon dioxide enriched gas stream through the exit manifold.

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