Polynucleotides for the treatment of wilson disease
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LINGYI BIOTECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-10
AI Technical Summary
Wilson disease is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, leading to impaired copper metabolism and accumulation in the liver and other tissues, for which there is a need for effective gene therapy approaches to enhance ATP7B expression.
The development of polynucleotides encoding codon-optimized ATP7B, including truncated forms with specific Cu(II) responsive elements (CREs) and the use of recombinant AAV vectors to deliver these sequences for enhanced expression in host cells and tissues.
This approach significantly increases ATP7B protein expression and copper-transporting capacity, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treating Wilson disease and other ATP7B-related disorders.
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Abstract
Description
Polynucleotides for the treatment of Wilson disease
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of, and priority to, PCT Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 110008, filed July 28, 2023. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates to polynucleotides that comprise a nucleotide sequence encoding ATP7B, and also includes the design of expression constructs that contain these polynucleotides, as well as recombinant AAV vectors and viral particles that carry the polynucleotides. The use of these polynucleotides and constructs has potential applications in gene therapy of diseases associated with ATP7B dysfunction. The invention provides a method for enhancing the expression of ATP7B in various host cells and tissues, which may lead to the treatment of genetic disorders such as Wilson's disease, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for other diseases.BACKGROUND
[0004] Wilson disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism that primarily affects the liver and subsequent neurological system and other tissues, caused by mutations of the ATP7B gene located on chromosome 13. ATP7B encodes a P-type copper-transporting ATPase, which is expressed mainly in hepatocytes and functions in the transmembrane transport of copper. Dysfunction of ATP7B protein leads to decreased hepatocellular excretion of copper into bile, and causes copper accumulation in the liver and subsequent tissues. Without normal copper metabolism, ceruloplasmin lacks incorporation of copper and results in additional hemolytic anemia, etc. ATP7B has a basic P-type ATPase architecture that includes a large, cytosolic N-terminal tail with six 70-aa long independently folded Cu (II) responsive elements (CREs) and a transmembrane part with eight transmembrane domains that form an intramembranous Cu channel. However, the full-length ATP7B gene is about 4.4 kb in size, which is oversized for packaging into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. To address this issue, a truncated form of ATP7B with comparable copper transportation capacity to wild-type ATP7B was developed for use in gene therapy vectors to treat Wilson disease. This invention provides a potential solution to the challenge of delivering large genes to target tissues, which has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders.SUMMARY
[0005] In one aspect, there is provided a polynucleotide encoding an ATP7B that has been codon-optimized for expression, comprising a coding region of the ATP7B, wherein the coding region of the ATP7B comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of (a) a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28-35, (b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 28-35, and (c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of ATP7B. In some embodiments, the ATP7B comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36.
[0006] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region, preferably, the untranslated intron region comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 37-56, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 37-56. The untranslated intron region is located between the 51-52bp, 1285-1286bp, 1543-1544bp, 1707-1708bp, 1869-1870bp, 1946-1947bp, 2121-2122bp, 2355-2356bp, 2447-2448bp, 2575-2576bp, 2730-2731bp, 2865-2866bp, 3060-3061bp, 3243-3244bp, 3412-3413bp, 3556-3557bp, 3699-3700bp, 3903-3904bp, 4021-4022bp, 4124-4125bp of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35.
[0007] In some embodiments, there is provided a polynucleotide comprising:
[0008] (a) a sequence 100%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76;
[0009] (b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76, or
[0010] (c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of human ATP7B.
[0011] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B that has been codon-optimized for expression, comprising a coding region of the truncated ATP7B, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more sequences selected from CRE5, CRE6, and variants thereof, and one or more sequences selected from CRE1, CRE2, and variants thereof.
[0012] Wherein the coding region of CRE1 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1;
[0013] The coding region of CRE2 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0014] The coding region of CRE5 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 5, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5;
[0015] The coding region of CRE6 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0016] In some embodiments, truncated ATP7B comprises a flexible linker connecting CREs.
[0017] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises a structure as shown in Formula Ia from N-terminus to C-terminus:
[0018] A-L-B-L-C-L-D (Ia) ;
[0019] wherein A, B, C, or D is selected from CRE1, CRE2, CRE5, CRE6 and its variants thereof; A, B, C, and D are different, respectively; A and B are present, C and / or D are optionally present; and
[0020] L is none or a flexible linker.
[0021] In some embodiments, preferably, the truncated ATP7B further comprises LP and / or CTR, where LP is a leader peptide, and CTR is a C-terminal region.
[0022] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B has a structure as shown in Formula Ib from N-terminus to C-terminus:
[0023] LP-A-L-B-L-C-L-D-CTR (Ib) ;
[0024] wherein A, B, C, or D is selected from CRE1, CRE2, CRE5, CRE6 and its variants thereof; A, B, C, and D are different, respectively; A and B are present, C and / or D are optionally present; and L is none or a flexible linker, LP is a leader peptide, and CTR is a C-terminal region.
[0025] In some embodiments, truncated ATP7B comprises a flexible linker connecting CREs. The flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding any amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 22-26, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 22-26; preferably, the flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 17-21, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 17-21.
[0026] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which 1) CRE5 or variant thereof and / or 2) CRE6 or variant thereof is present; and 3) CRE1 or variant thereof and / or 4) CRE2 or variant thereof is present;
[0027] preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0028] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.
[0029] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0030] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0031] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.
[0032] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0033] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0034] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.
[0035] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0036] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.
[0037] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE4 or variant thereof is present.
[0038] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 145-158, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 145-158, preferably the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more nucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 107-120, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 107-120.
[0039] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises a CREs region selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-6 and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-6. Preferable, the CREs region has one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, and 6, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, and 6.
[0040] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region. Preferably, the untranslated intron region comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 37-56, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 37-56.
[0041] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more polynucleotide encodes a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-144, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-144;
[0042] preferably, the polynucleotide comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 121-124, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 121-124.
[0043] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encodes a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-158, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-158.
[0044] In another aspect, this disclosure provides an expression construct comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to the said polynucleotide sequence of the present disclosure, wherein the transcription regulatory element comprises a promoter, and / or an enhancer, and / or a metal responsive element (MRE) , preferably the enhancer is upstream of the promoter, more preferably, the MRE is upstream of the enhancer.
[0045] In some embodiments, the promoter comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of promoter.
[0046] In some embodiments, the enhancer comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of enhancer.
[0047] In some embodiments, the metal responsive element comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 96-103, and 105, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 96-103, and 105, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of metal responsive element.
[0048] In some embodiments, the promoter, enhancer or metal responsive element is single-copy or multi-copy sequence.
[0049] In some embodiments, the expression construct comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 125-140, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 125-140.
[0050] In some embodiments, the expression construct further comprises a 5’ -inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence, a polyA sequence; and a 3’ -ITR sequence.
[0051] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a vector comprising the said polynucleotide of the present disclosure, or the said expression construct of the present disclosure.
[0052] In some embodiments, the vector is a virus vector. Preferably the virus vector is AAV vector.
[0053] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) comprising the vector of the present disclosure and capsid protein. Preferably, the AAV is selected from the group consisting of: serotype 1, 2, 3, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, rh10, or hu37 as well as any one of the AAV serotypes isolated from human and nonhuman mammalians or variant thereof.
[0054] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said polynucleotide, the said expression construct, the said vector, or the said rAAV, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0055] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method for treating a disease in the subjects, comprising administrating the effective amount of the said polynucleotide, the said expression construct, the said vector, the said rAAV, or the said pharmaceutical composition.
[0056] In some embodiments, the disease is an ATP7B related disease.
[0057] In some embodiments, the disease is Wilson disease.
[0058] In some embodiments, the subject is mammalian, preferably human.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0059] Figure 1 showed codon-optimized versions of ATP7B led to a significant increase in ATP7B protein expression. Notably, the LYM3P086 version exhibited the highest level of protein expression among all the tested versions.
[0060] Figure 2 showed the introduction of certain designed endogenous introns of ATP7B resulted in a significant increase in ATP7B protein expression. Particularly, designed endogenous intron-1, intron-5 and intron-14 of ATP7B were found to achieve higher protein expression levels.
[0061] Figure 3 showed the evaluation of the copper-transporting capacity of codon-optimized ATP7B expressed by various hepatic-specific chimeric elements (CHSRE) with Dual Luciferase Assay. A higher relative Fluci / Rluci indicated a lower copper-transporting capacity. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
[0062] Figure 4 showed the copper-dependent transcriptional activity of metal responsive elements (MREs) from ATP7B endogenous promoter. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3.
[0063] Figure 5 showed the copper-dependent transcriptional activity of the hepatic-specific regulatory element (CHSRE) with MREs. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3, ***p<0.001.
[0064] Figure 6 showed the copper-transporting capacity of codon-optimized ATP7B with specific combinations of CREs. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. LYM3P021, ns: no significance.
[0065] Figure 7 showed the copper-transporting capacity of different AAV candidates, which carried codon-optimized truncated ATP7B with / without designed endogenous intron-1 of ATP7B driven by CHSRE. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3, ***p<0.001 vs. LYM3P021.
[0066] Figure 8 showed the liver copper level 4-week after a single dose (2.0 × 1012 vg / kg) of AAV candidates, which carried codon-optimized truncated ATP7B with / without designed endogenous intron-1 of ATP7B driven by CHSRE. The plot represents mean ± SEM, n = 3, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. LYM3P021.
[0067] Figure 9 showed schematic representation of the nucleic acid constructs of pCMV vector carrying ATP7B transgenes (a) ; AAV-ITR vector carrying ATP7B transgenes (b) ; vector carrying MREs-E1b TATA box-Luciferase (c) and vector carrying MREs-CHSREs-Luciferase (d) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0068] The present disclosure relates to a polynucleotide that encodes an optimized version of ATP7B for efficient expression, comprising a coding region of the ATP7B, wherein the coding region of the ATP7B comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of (a) a sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35, (b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 28-35, and (c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of ATP7B. In some embodiments, the ATP7B comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 36.
[0069] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region, preferably, the untranslated intron region comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 37-56, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 37-56. The untranslated intron region is located between the 51-52bp, 1285-1286bp, 1543-1544bp, 1707-1708bp, 1869-1870bp, 1946-1947bp, 2121-2122bp, 2355-2356bp, 2447-2448bp, 2575-2576bp, 2730-2731bp, 2865-2866bp, 3060-3061bp, 3243-3244bp, 3412-3413bp, 3556-3557bp, 3699-3700bp, 3903-3904bp, 4021-4022bp, 4124-4125bp of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35.
[0070] In some embodiments, there is provided a polynucleotide comprising: (a) a sequence 100%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76; (b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76, or (c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of human ATP7B. In some embodiments, the ATP7B comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 36.
[0071] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B that has been codon-optimized for expression, comprising a coding region of the truncated ATP7B, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more sequences selected from CRE5, CRE6, and variants thereof, and one or more sequences selected from CRE1, CRE2, and variants thereof., wherein
[0072] the coding region of CRE1 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1;
[0073] the coding region of CRE2 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0074] the coding region of CRE5 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 5, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5;
[0075] the coding region of CRE6 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6;
[0076] preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0077] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises a structure as shown in Formula Ia from N-terminus to C-terminus:
[0078] A-L-B-L-C-L-D (Ia) ;
[0079] wherein A, B, C, or D is selected from CRE1, CRE2, CRE5, CRE6 and its variants thereof; A, B, C, and D are different, respectively; A and B are present, C and / or D are optionally present; and L is none or a flexible linker.
[0080] In some embodiments, preferably, the truncated ATP7B further comprises LP and / or CTR. In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B has a structure as shown in Formula Ib from N-terminus to C-terminus:
[0081] LP-A-L-B-L-C-L-D-CTR (Ib) ;
[0082] wherein A, B, C, or D is selected from CRE1, CRE2, CRE5, CRE6 and its variants thereof; A, B, C, and D are different, respectively; A and B are present, C and / or D are optionally present; and L is none or a flexible linker, LP is a leader peptide, and CTR is a C-terminal region.
[0083] In some embodiments, truncated ATP7B comprises a flexible linker connecting CREs. The flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding any amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 22-26, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 22-26; preferably, the flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 17-21, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 17-21.
[0084] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which 1) CRE5 or variant thereof and / or 2) CRE6 or variant thereof is present; and 3) CRE1 or variant thereof and / or 4) CRE2 or variant thereof is present.
[0085] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; more preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0086] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; more preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0087] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0088] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0089] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0090] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; preferably, wherein the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0091] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE5 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0092] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0093] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present; preferably, the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; preferably, the CRE1 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CRE2 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CRE5 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CRE6 comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0094] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B in which CRE4 or variant thereof is present.
[0095] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises a flexible linker connecting CREs. The flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding any amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 22-26, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 22-26; preferably, the flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 17-21, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 17-21.
[0096] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more nucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 107-120, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 107-120. Preferable, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 107, 108, 110, 111, 114, 116, 117, and 120, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 107, 108, 110, 111, 114, 116, 117, and 120.
[0097] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 145-158, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 145-158. In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises a CREs region selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-6 and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-6. Preferable, the CREs region has one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, and 6, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, and 6.
[0098] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region. Preferably, the untranslated intron region comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 37-56, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 37-56.
[0099] In some embodiments, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more polynucleotide encodes a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-144, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-144;
[0100] preferably, the polynucleotide comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 121-124, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 121-124.
[0101] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encodes a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-158, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-158.
[0102] In another aspect, this disclosure provides an expression construct comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to the said polynucleotide sequence of the present disclosure, wherein the transcription regulatory element comprises a promoter, and / or an enhancer, and / or a metal responsive element (MRE) , preferably the enhancer is upstream of the promoter, more preferably, the MRE is upstream of the enhancer.
[0103] In some embodiments, the promoter comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of promoter.
[0104] In some embodiments, the enhancer comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of enhancer.
[0105] In some embodiments, the metal responsive element comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 96-103, and 105, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 96-103, and 105, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of metal responsive element.
[0106] In some embodiments, the promoter, enhancer or metal responsive element is a single-copy or multi-copy sequence.
[0107] In some embodiments, the expression construct comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 125-140, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 125-140.
[0108] In some embodiments, the expression construct further comprises a 5’ -inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence, a polyA sequence; and a 3’ -ITR sequence.
[0109] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a vector comprising the said polynucleotide of the present disclosure, or the said expression construct of the present disclosure.
[0110] In some embodiments, the vector is a virus vector. Preferably the virus vector is AAV vector.
[0111] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) comprising the vector of the present disclosure and capsid protein. Preferably, the AAV is selected from the group consisting of: serotype 1, 2, 3, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, rh10, or hu37 as well as any one of the AAV serotypes isolated from human and nonhuman mammalians or variant thereof.
[0112] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said polynucleotide, the said expression construct, the said vector, or the said rAAV, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0113] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method for treating a disease in the subjects, comprising administrating the effective amount of the said polynucleotide, the said expression construct, the said vector, the said rAAV, or the said pharmaceutical composition.
[0114] In some embodiments, the disease is an ATP7B related disease.
[0115] In some embodiments, the disease is Wilson disease.
[0116] In some embodiments, the subject is mammalian, preferably human.
[0117] Embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter. Aspects of the disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
[0118] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the present application and relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0119] Definitions
[0120] As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a" , "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0121] As used herein, the term "comprising" is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but do not exclude others.
[0122] As used herein, the terms “nucleotide" and "polynucleotide" are used interchangeably to refer to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Thus, this term includes, but is not limited to, single-, double-, or multi-stranded DNA or RNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA-RNA hybrids, or a polymer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of purine and pyrimidine bases or other natural, chemically, or biochemically modified, non-natural, or derivatized nucleotide bases.
[0123] A polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA. The disclosure provides, in some aspects, an isolated polynucleotide comprising an expression construct encoding ATP7B or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the isolated polynucleotide comprises an ATP7B-encoding sequence that has been codon-optimized (e.g., codon-optimized for expression in mammalian cells, for example human cells) , such as the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28-35 or a sequence at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35. The polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region.
[0124] As used herein, "expression" refers to the two-step process by which polynucleotides are transcribed into mRNA and / or the process by which the transcribed mRNA is subsequently translated into peptides, polypeptides, or proteins. If the polynucleotide is derived from genomic DNA, expression may include splicing of the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell.
[0125] The term "encodes" or “encoding” as it is applied to polynucleotides refers to a polynucleotide which is said to "encode" a polypeptide if it can be transcribed to produce the mRNA for the polypeptide and / or a fragment thereof. The antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid, and the encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom.
[0126] The term "promoter" as used herein means a control sequence that is a region of a polynucleotide sequence at winch the initiation and rate of transcription of a coding sequence, such as a gene or a transgene, are controlled. Promoters may be constitutive, inducible, repressible, or tissue-specific. In embodiments, the promoter is used together with an enhancer to increase the transcription efficiency. An enhancer is a regulatory element that increases the expression of a target sequence.
[0127] "Identical" refers to sequence similarity between two peptides or between two nucleic acid molecules. Percent identity can be determined by comparing a position in each sequence that may be aligned for purposes of comparison. When a position in the compared sequence is occupied by the same base or amino acid, then the molecules are identical at that position. A degree of identity between sequences is a function of the number of matching positions shared by the sequences.
[0128] As used herein, the term "vector" refers to a nucleic acid comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of an intact replicon such that the vector may be replicated when placed within a cell, for example by a process of transfection, infection, or transformation. It is understood in the art that once inside a cell, a vector may replicate as an extrachromosomal (episome) element or may be integrated into a host cell chromosome. Vectors may include nucleic acids derived from retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, baculoviruses, modified baculoviruses, papovaviruses, AAV viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, adenovirus vectors, alphavirus vectors and the like. Alphavirus vectors, such as Semliki Forest virus-based vectors and Sindbis virus-based vectors, have also been developed for use in gene therapy and immunotherapy. See, e.g., Schlesinger and Dubensky (1999) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 5: 434-439 and Ying, et al. (1999) Nat. Med. 5 (7) : 823-827.
[0129] The term "adeno-associated virus" or "AAV" as used herein refers to a member of the class of viruses associated with this name and belonging to the genus Dependoparvovirus, family Parvoviridae. Adeno-associated virus is a single-stranded DNA virus that grows only in cells in which certain functions are provided by a co-infecting helper virus. All AAV serotypes apparently exhibit very similar replication properties mediated by homologous rep genes; and all bear three related capsid proteins. At least 13 sequentially numbered naturally-occurring AAV serotypes are known in the art. Non-limiting exemplary serotypes useful in the methods disclosed herein include any of those 13 serotypes, e.g., AAV2, AAV8, AAV9, or variant serotypes, e.g., AAV-DJ and AAV PHP. B. The AAV particle comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of three major viral proteins; VP1, VP2 and VP3. In embodiments, the AAV refers to the serotype AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, or AAV13, AAVrh10, or AAVhu37 as well as any one of the AAV serotypes isolated from human and nonhuman mammalians or variant thereof. In embodiments, the AAV particle comprises an AAV capsid protein selected from the group consisting of: AAV1, AAV2, AAV2G9, AAV3, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV3-3, AAV4, AAV4-4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.1, AAV6.2, AAV6.1.2, AAV7, AAV7.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84, AAV9.9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV16.3, AAV24.1, AAV27.3, AAV42.12, AAV42-1b, AAV42-2, AAV42-3a, AAV42-3b, AAV42-4, AAV42-5a, AAV42-5b, AAV42-6b, AAV42-8, AAV42-10, AAV42-11, AAV42-12, AAV42-13, AAV42-15, AAV42-aa, AAV43-1, AAV43-12, AAV43-20, AAV43-21, AAV43-23, AAV43-25, AAV43-5, AAV44.1, AAV44.2, AAV44.5, AAV223.1, AAV223.2, AAV223.4, AAV223.5, AAV223.6, AAV223.7, AAV1-7 / rh. 48, AAV1-8 / rh. 49, AAV2-15 / rh. 62, AAV2-3 / rh. 61, AAV2-4 / rh. 50, AAV2-5 / rh. 51, AAV3.1 / hu. 6, AAV3.1 / hu. 9, AAV3-9 / rh. 52, AAV3-11 / rh. 53, AAV4-8 / r11.64, AAV4-9 / rh. 54, AAV4-19 / rh. 55, AAV5-3 / rh. 57, AAV5-22 / rh. 58, AAV7.3 / hu. 7, AAV16.8 / hu. 10, AAV16.12 / hu. 11, AAV29.3 / bb. 1, AAV29.5 / bb. 2, AAV106.1 / hu. 37, AAV114.3 / hu. 40, AAV127.2 / hu. 41, AAV127.5 / hu. 42, AAV128.3 / hu. 44, AAV130.4 / hu. 48, AAV145.1 / hu. 53, AAV145.5 / hu. 54, AAV145.6 / hu. 55, AAV161.10 / hu. 60, AAV161.6 / hu. 61, AAV33.12 / hu. 17, AAV33.4 / hu. 15, AAV33.8 / hu. 16, AAV52 / hu. 19, AAV52.1 / hu. 20, AAV58.2 / hu. 25, AAVA3.3, AAVA3.4, AAVA3.5, AAVA3.7, AAVC1, AAVC2, AAVC5, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ8, AAVF3, AAVF5, AAVH2, AAVrh. 72, AAVhu. 8, AAVrh. 68, AAVrh. 70, AAVpi. 1, AAVpi. 3, AAVpi. 2, AAVrh. 60, AAVrh. 44, AAVrh. 65, AAVrh. 55, AAVrh. 47, AAVrh. 69, AAVrh. 45, AAVrh. 59, AAVhu. 12, AAVH6, AAVLK03, AAVH-1 / hu. 1, AAVH-5 / hu. 3, AAVLG-10 / rh. 40, AAVLG-4 / rh. 38, AAVLG-9 / hu. 39, AAVN721-8 / rh. 43, AAVCh. 5, AAVCh. 5R1, AAVcy. 2, AAVcy. 3, AAVcy. 4, AAVcy. 5, AAVCy. 5R1, AAVCy. 5R2, AAVCy. 5R3, AAVCy. 5R4, AAVcy. 6, AAVhu. 1, AAVhu. 2, AAVhu. 3, AAVhu. 4, AAVhu. 5, AAVhu. 6, AAVhu. 7, AAVhu. 9, AAVhu. 10, AAVhu. 11, AAVhu. 13, AAVhu. 15, AAVhu. 16, AAVhu. 17, AAVhu. 18, AAVhu. 20, AAVhu. 21, AAVhu. 22, AAVhu. 23.2, AAVhu. 24, AAVhu. 25, AAVhu. 27, AAVhu. 28, AAVhu. 29, AAVhu. 29R, AAVhu. 31, AAVhu. 32, AAVhu. 34, AAVhu. 35, AAVhu. 37, AAVhu. 39, AAVhu. 40, AAVhu. 41, AAVhu. 42, AAVhu. 43, AAVhu. 44, AAVhu. 44R1, AAVhu. 44R2, AAVhu. 44R3, AAVhu. 45, AAVhu. 46, AAVhu. 47, AAVhu. 48, AAVhu. 48R1, AAVhu. 48R2, AAVhu. 48R3, AAVhu. 49, AAVhu. 51, AAVhu. 52, AAVhu. 54, AAVhu. 55, AAVhu. 56, AAVhu. 57, AAVhu. 58, AAVhu. 60, AAVhu. 61, AAVhu. 63, AAVhu. 64, AAVhu. 66, AAVhu. 67, AAVhu. 14 / 9, AAVhu. t 19, AAVrh. 2, AAVrh. 2R, AAVrh. 8, AAVrh. 8R, AAVrh. 10, AAVrh. 12, AAVrh. 13, AAVrh. 13R, AAVrh. 14, AAVrh. 17, AAVrh. 18, AAVrh. 19, AAVrh. 20, AAVrh. 21, AAVrh. 22, AAVrh. 23, AAVrh. 24, AAVrh. 25, AAVrh. 31, AAVrh. 32, AAVrh. 33, AAVrh. 34, AAVrh. 35, AAVrh. 36, AAVrh. 37, AAVrh. 37R2, AAVrh. 38, AAVrh. 39, AAVrh. 40, AAVrh. 46, AAVrh. 48, AAVrh. 48.1, AAVrh. 48.1.2, AAVrh. 48.2, AAVrh. 49, AAVrh. 51, AAVrh. 52, AAVrh. 53, AAVrh. 54, AAVrh. 56, AAVrh. 57, AAVrh. 58, AAVrh. 61, AAVrh. 64, AAVrh. 64R1, AAVrh. 64R2, AAVrh. 67, AAVrh. 73, AAVrh. 74, AAVrh8R, AAVrh8R A586R mutant, AAVrh8R R533A mutant, AAAV, BAAV, caprine AAV, bovine AAV, AAVhE1.1, AAVhEr1.5, AAVhER1.14, AAVhEr1.8, AAVhEr1.16, AAVhEr1.18, AAVhEr1.35, AAVhEr1.7, AAVhEr1.36, AAVhEr2.29, AAVhEr2.4, AAVhEr2.16, AAVhEr2.30, AAVhEr2.31, AAVhEr2.36, AAVhER1.23, AAVhEr3.1, AAV2.5T, AAV-PAEC, AAV-LK01, AAV-LK02, AAV-LK03, AAV-LK04, AAV-LK05, AAV-LK06, AAV-LK07, AAV-LK08, AAV-LK09, AAV-LK10, AAV-LK11, AAV-LK12, AAV-LK13, AAV-LK14, AAV-LK15, AAV-LK16, AAV-LK17, AAV-LK18, AAV-LK19, AAV-PAEC2, AAV-PAEC4, AAV-PAEC6, AAV-PAEC7, AAV-PAEC8, AAV-PAEC11, AAV-PAEC12, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101, AAV-8h, AAV-8b, AAV-h, AAV-b, AAV SM 10-2, AAV Shuffle 100-1, AAV Shuffle 100-3, AAV Shuffle 100-7, AAV Shuffle 10-2, AAV Shuffle 10-6, AAV Shuffle 10-8, AAV Shuffle 100-2, AAV SM 10-1, AAV SM 10-8, AAV SM 100-3, AAV SM 100-10, BNP61 AAV, BNP62 AAV, BNP63 AAV, AAVrh. 50, AAVrh. 43, AAVrh. 62, AAVrh. 48, AAVhu. 19, AAVhu. 11, AAVhu. 53, AAV4-8 / rh. 64, AAVLG-9 / hu. 39, AAV54.5 / hu. 23, AAV54.2 / hu. 22, AAV54.7 / hu. 24, AAV54.1 / hu. 21, AAV54.4R / hu. 27, AAV46.2 / hu. 28, AAV46.6 / hu. 29, AAV128.1 / hu. 43, true type AAV (ttAAV) , UPENN AAV 10, Japanese AAV 10 serotypes, AAV CBr-7.1, AAV CBr-7.10, AAV CBr-7.2, AAV CBr-7.3, AAV CBr-7.4, AAV CBr-7.5, AAV CBr-7.7, AAV CBr-7.8, AAV CBr-B7.3, AAV CBr-B7.4, AAV CBr-E1, AAV CBr-E2, AAV CBr-E3, AAV CBr-E4, AAV CBr-E5, AAV CBr-e5, AAV CBr-E6, AAV CBr-E7, AAV CBr-E8, AAV CHt-1, AAV CHt-2, AAV CHt-3, AAV CHt-6.1, AAV CHt-6.10, AAV CHt-6.5, AAV CHt-6.6, AAV CHt-6.7, AAV CHt-6.8, AAV CHt-P1, AAV CHt-P2, AAV CHt-P5, AAV CHt-P6, AAV CHt-P8, AAV CHt-P9, AAV CKd-1, AAV CKd-10, AAV CKd-2, AAV CKd-3, AAV CKd-4, AAV CKd-6, AAV CKd-7, AAV CKd-8, AAV CKd-B1, AAV CKd-B2, AAV CKd-B3, AAV CKd-B4, AAV CKd-B5, AAV CKd-B6, AAV CKd-B7, AAV CKd-B8, AAV CKd-H1, AAV CKd-H2, AAV CKd-H3, AAV CKd-H4, AAV CKd-H5, AAV CKd-H6, AAV CKd-N3, AAV CKd-N4, AAV CKd-N9, AAV CLg-F1, AAV CLg-F2, AAV CLg-F3, AAV CLg-F4, AAV CLg-F5, AAV CLg-F6, AAV CLg-F7, AAV CLg-F8, AAV CLv-1, AAV CLv1-1, AAV Clv1-10, AAV CLv1-2, AAV CLv-12, AAV CLv1-3, AAV CLv-13, AAV CLv1-4, AAV Clv1-7, AAV Clv1-8, AAV Clv1-9, AAV CLv-2, AAV CLv-3, AAV CLv-4, AAV CLv-6, AAV CLv-8, AAV CLv-D1, AAV CLv-D2, AAV CLv-D3, AAV CLv-D4, AAV CLv-D5, AAV CLv-D6, AAV CLv-D7, AAV CLv-D8, AAV CLv-E1, AAV CLv-K1, AAV CLv-K3, AAV CLv-K6, AAV CLv-L4, AAV CLv-L5, AAV CLv-L6, AAV CLv-M1, AAV CLv-M11, AAV CLv-M2, AAV CLv-M5, AAV CLv-M6, AAV CLv-M7, AAV CLv-M8, AAV CLv-M9, AAV CLv-R1, AAV CLv-R2, AAV CLv-R3, AAV CLv-R4, AAV CLv-R5, AAV CLv-R6, AAV CLv-R7, AAV CLv-R8, AAV CLv-R9, AAV CSp-1, AAV CSp-10, AAV CSp-11, AAV CSp-2, AAV CSp-3, AAV CSp-4, AAV CSp-6, AAV CSp-7, AAV CSp-8, AAV CSp-8.10, AAV CSp-8.2, AAV CSp-8.4, AAV CSp-8.5, AAV CSp-8.6, AAV CSp-8.7, AAV CSp-8.8, AAV CSp-8.9, AAV CSp-9, AAV. hu. 48R3, AAV. VR-355, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAVF1 / HSC1, AAVF11 / HSC11, AAVF12 / HSC12, AAVF13 / HSC13, AAVF14 / HSC14, AAVF15 / HSC15, AAVF16 / HSC16, AAVF17 / HSC17, AAVF2 / HSC2, AAVF3 / HSC3, AAVF4 / HSC4, AAVF5 / HSC5, AAVF6 / HSC6, AAVF7 / HSC7, AAVF8 / HSC8, AAVF9 / HSC9, AAV-PHP. B (PHP. B) , AAV-PHP. A (PHP. A) , G2B-26, G2B-13, TH1.1-32, TH1.1-35, AAVPHP. B2, AAVPHP. B3, AAVPHP. N / PHP. B-DGT, AAVPHP. B-EST, AAVPHP. B-GGT, AAVPHP. B-ATP, AAVPHP. B-ATT-T, AAVPHP. B-DGT-T, AAVPHP. B-GGT-T, AAVPHP. B-SGS, AAVPHP. B-AQP, AAVPHP. B-QQP, AAVPHP. B-SNP (3) , AAVPHP. B-SNP, AAVPHP. B-QGT, AAVPHP. B-NQT, AAVPHP. B-EGS, AAVPHP. B-SGN, AAVPHP. B-EGT, AAVPHP. B-DST, AAVPHP. B-DST, AAVPHP. B-STP, AAVPHP. B-PQP, AAVPHP. B-SQP, AAVPHP. B-QLP, AAVPHP. B-TMP, AAVPHP. B-TTP, AAVPHP. S / G2A12, AAVG2A15 / G2A3, AAVG2B4, AAVG2B5 and variants thereof.
[0130] An "AAV vector" as used herein refers to a vector comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acid (HNA) sequences and one or more AAV inverted terminal repeat sequences (ITRs) . Such AAV vectors can be replicated in a host cell that provides the functionality of rep and cap gene products, and allow the ITRs and the nucleic acid between the ITRs to be packaged into the infectious viral particles. In embodiments, AAV vectors comprise a promoter, at least one nucleic acid sequence that may encode at least one protein or RNA, and / or an enhancer and / or a terminator within the flanking ITRs that is packaged into the infectious AAV particle. The ITRs and the nucleic acid between the ITRs may be encapsulated into the AAV capsid, and this encapsidated nucleic acid may be referred to as the “AAV vector genome. ” AAV vectors may contain elements in addition to the encapsidated portion, for example, antibiotic resistance genes or other elements known in the art included in the plasmid for manufacturing purposes but not packaged into the AAV particle.
[0131] As used herein, the term "viral capsid" or "capsid" refers to the proteinaceous shell or coat of a viral particle. Capsids function to encapsidate, protect, transport, and / or release into the host cell a viral genome. Capsids are generally comprised of oligomeric structural subunits of protein ( "capsid proteins" ) . The viral capsid of AAV is composed of a mixture of three viral capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, and VP3.
[0132] An "AAV virion" or "AAV viral particle" or “AAV particle” refers to a viral particle composed of at least one AAV capsid protein and an encapsidated polynucleotide from an AAV vector referred to herein as the AAV vector genome.
[0133] A "subject" of diagnosis or treatment is an animal such as a mammal, or a human. A subject is not limited to a specific species and includes non-human animals subject to diagnosis or treatment and those subject to infections or animal models, including, without limitation, simian, murine, rat, canine, or leporid species, as well as other livestock, sport animals, or pets. In embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0134] As used herein, "treating" or "treatment" of a disease in a subject refers to (1) preventing the symptoms or disease from occurring in a subject that is predisposed or does not yet display symptoms of the disease; (2) inhibiting the disease or arresting its development; or (3) ameliorating or causing regression of the disease or the symptoms of the disease. As understood in the art, "treatment" is an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results, including clinical results. For the purposes of the present technology, beneficial or desired results can include one or more, but are not limited to, alleviation or amelioration of one or more symptoms, diminishment of extent of a condition (including a disease) , stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of a condition (including disease) , delay or slowing of condition (including disease) progression, amelioration or palliation of the condition (including disease) states and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable.
[0135] As used herein the term “effective amount" intends to mean a quantity sufficient to achieve a desired effect. In the context of therapeutic or prophylactic applications, the effective amount may depend on the type and severity of the condition at issue and the characteristics of the individual subject, such as general health, age, sex, body weight, and tolerance to pharmaceutical compositions. In the context of gene therapy, in embodiments an effective amount is an amount sufficient to result in gaining partial or full function of a gene that is deficient in a subject. In other embodiments, the effective amount of an AAV viral particle is the amount sufficient to result in expression of a gene in a subject. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate amounts depending on these and other factors.
[0136] In embodiments, the effective amount will depend on the size and nature of the application in question. It will also depend on the nature and sensitivity of the target subject and the methods in use. The skilled artisan will be able to determine the effective amount based on these and other considerations. The effective amount may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more administrations of a composition depending on the embodiment,
[0137] As used herein, the term "administering" , “administered” , or "administration" intends to mean delivery of a substance to a subject such as an animal or human. Administration can be affected in one dose, continuously or intermittently throughout the course of treatment. Methods of determining the most effective means and dosage of administration are known to those of skill in the art and wall vary with the composition used for therapy, the purpose of the therapy, as well as the age, health or gender of the subject being treated. Single or multiple administrations can be carried out with the dose level and pattern being selected by the treating physician or in the case of pets and other animals, treating veterinarian.
[0138] EXAMPLES
[0139] Unless otherwise stated, the methods used in the examples described below follow standard protocols in the field. Any modifications or deviations from standard protocols will be clearly described.
[0140] rAAV production
[0141] AAV5, AAV8 and AAV9 particles were produced by transient triple-transfection of HEK293T cells or suspension HEK293 cells with plasmids encoding the AAV Rep and Cap, adenoviral helper genes, and the recombinant genome containing the ATP7B construct. The resulting rAAV particles were purified using an iodixanol-based density gradient ultracentrifugation method. The rAAV particles were then quantified using a probe-based ddPCR assay (Biorad) and characterized by silver staining.
[0142] r-AAV potency assay
[0143] rAAV biopotency assay involved transduction by Huh-7 cell lines, and was assessed using a reporter plasmid (pGL4×MRE-LUC) with an internal control plasmid (pCMV-RL) . 4 tandem repeats of metal response elements (MREs) that derived from the mouse metallothionein-1 promoter were cloned upstream of the minimal E1B promoter, collaboratively transcribing a Firefly luciferase, and constructed as the reporter plasmid of pGL4×MRE-LUC. pCMV-RL was constructed by cloning a Renilla luciferase gene under the control of CMV promoter. Cells were first plated at a density of 8.5 × 106 cells / plate in a 15 cm2 plate. After 24 hours, the cells were transfected with pGL4×MRE-LUC and the pCMV-RL plasmid. Following another 48 hours, the cells were trypsinized and seeded in 96-well plates at a cell density of 1.5 × 104 cells / well 24 hours before transduction. The rAAV particles were transduced at a defined multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 ×106. After 48 hours of transduction, 150 μM CuSO4 was added to the cells and incubated for 24 hours before collection. The firefly and Renilla luciferase activity were measured with the Double-Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit from Transgen Biotech. The baseline control has no copper overload, and the relative luminescence intensity units were calculated by normalizing firefly luciferase activity with Renilla luciferase activity.
[0144] Single Luciferase assay
[0145] 4 or 7 tandem repeats of metal response elements (MREs) that derived from the ATP7B endogenous promoter were cloned upstream of a minimal E1B promoter and constructed as the reporter plasmid of pGLN×MRE-LUC to evaluate copper-dependent transcriptional activity. The reporter plasmid is responsive to bioavailable cytosolic copper by activating luciferase expression. HEK293T cells were transfected with pGLN×MRE-LUC or the empty pcDNA 3.1 plasmid as a control. The cells were then incubated with CuSO4 for 24 hours, while baseline control have no copper overload. The firefly luciferase activity was measured with the Single-Luciferase (Firefly) Reporter Assay Kit from Transgen Biotech.
[0146] Dual Luciferase assay
[0147] The copper-transporting capacity of truncated ATP7B in pCMV vectors were assessed using the reporter plasmid (pGL4×MRE-LUC) . To conduct the experiment, HEK293T cells were co-transfected with pGL4×MRE-LUC and a plasmid expressing truncated ATP7B under the control of the CMV promoter, the empty pcDNA 3.1 plasmid was used as a control. All cells were co-transfected with the pCMV-RL plasmid for internal control. After transfection, cells were incubated with 75 μM CuSO4 for 24 hours, while the absence of copper overload was considered as the basal state. The firefly and Renilla luciferase activity were measured with the Double-Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit from Transgen Biotech. The relative luminescence intensity units were calculated by normalizing firefly luciferase activity with Renilla Luciferase activity.
[0148] Mouse model study design
[0149] AAV vector containing the truncated ATP7B transgene were administered via tail vein injection of Atp7b- / -mice at age of 8-20 weeks. All mice were maintained in a special pathogen-free environment and in individually ventilated cages, with all cages, cob bedding, and water were sterilized before use. The cages, cob bedding, food and water were changed twice a week.
[0150] AAV dose was optimized to be 2.0 × 1012 vg / kg. To assess the kinetics and durability of transgene expression, serum ceruloplasmin activity, alanine aminotransferase level and the metabolic copper contents were measured at various time intervals post injection. The mice were followed up to the end point of study and then sacrificed for tissue copper accumulation, biochemical, and pathological analysis.
[0151] Serum, metabolite and tissue collection
[0152] Serum was obtained from fresh blood collected within 30 minutes of collection and stored at ≤ -60 ℃after centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4℃. Metabolic cages were used to collect 24-hours urine and feces for metabolic copper content analysis.
[0153] Mice were euthanized under anesthesia, and their tissues were collected after saline perfusion, snap frozen and stored at ≤ -60 ℃. Tissue samples were divided into 4 parts, with 3 parts stored individually in tubes at ≤ -60 ℃ for tissue copper accumulation analysis, vector genome copy number and mRNA analysis. The remaining part was fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin solution (pH = 7.4) for 24-48 hours at room temperature for histology analysis.
[0154] Ceruloplasmin activity, alanine aminotransferase level, metabolic copper content and tissue copper accumulation
[0155] The ceruloplasmin activity assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China) was utilized to determine ceruloplasmin activity in serum using o-dianisidine dihydrochloride as a substrate (Stepien and Guy 2018) , some modifications were made according to the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, 5 μL of diluted serum was added to 96-well plates, followed by addition of 80 μL reagent I and 20 μL reagent II. The samples were mixed thoroughly and incubated at 37 ℃ for 140 minutes. Finally, 200 μL reagent III was added after incubation for termination, and the absorbance at 540 nm was measured spectrophotometrically (VarioskanTM LUX, ThermoFisher) . The serum ALT activity was determined using the IFCC alanine aminotransferase assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China) with modifications. Firstly, 10 μL diluted serum was pipetted into each well of a 96-well plate, followed by the addition of 200 μL of reagent R1.The plate was then incubated at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes. Subsequently, 50 μL reagent R2 was added to each well and mixed well. The plate was then read spectrophotometrically (VarioskanTM LUX, ThermoFisher) at 340 nm every 2 minutes. Solid samples (feces or tissues) were weighed, homogenized and dried to constant weight. The dried samples were then digested in a nitric acid solution overnight. For urine samples, centrifugation was performed to remove insoluble or suspended particles before 100 times dilution with 1%nitric acid and 0.5%hydrochloric acid. Similarly, solid samples were diluted with 10%nitric acid and 1%hydrogen peroxide before analysis. Copper content was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) , which was calibrated using working aqueous standards.
[0156] Vector genome copy number and mRNA transcription level
[0157] To determine the vector genomic copy number in tissue samples post-rAAV injection, DNA was isolated from frozen liver samples using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (QIAGEN) following manufacturers’ instructions. Dye-based qPCR (Roche) was then performed to determine the vector genome copy number per reaction. The cell number per reaction was calculated based on the DNA amount quantification results. The vector genome copy number per cell was then calculated by the normalization of genome cope per reaction to cell number per reaction.
[0158] To determine the relative mRNA transcription level of ATP7B in tissue samples post-rAAV injection, RNA was isolated from frozen liver samples using RNeasy Kit (QIAGEN) following manufacturers’ instructions. After RNA isolation, cDNA was synthesized using the Primescript RT master mix (TAKARA) . 500 ng RNA was applied to each RT reaction. The resulting cDNA was diluted and applied to dye-based qPCR (Roche) test.
[0159] Western blot
[0160] Cells transfected with constructs carrying ATP7B transgenes or mice tissue samples were lysed with urea lysis buffer and subjected to sonication. The lysate was then heated at 95℃ for protein denaturation. Denaturized samples were loaded onto SDS-PAGE gels and afterwards transferred to a PVDF membrane. Mouse anti-human ATP7B antibody (1: 1000, Santa Cruz, sc-373964) or rabbit anti-human ATP7B antibody (1:1000, Boster Bio, M00686) and HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-human β-actin (1: 1000, 5125S, CST) were used to detect the ATP7B and β-actin expression. For ATP7B detection, anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody (1: 1000, 7076S, CST) or anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody (1: 1000, 7074S, CST) was used as the secondary antibody. The signals were visualized using Pierce Western Blot Signal Enhancer (ThermoFisher) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
[0161] Immunohistochemistry
[0162] Rabbit anti-human ATP7B antibody (1: 100, ThermoFisher, PA5-102826) was used to visualize hATP7B expression in mice tissue samples. The formalin-fixed mouse tissues were subjected to deparaffinization and followed by antigen retrieval using pepsin according to manufacturer's recommendations. The tissue sections were counterstained with haematoxylin-eosin and a biotin-labeled secondary antibody was used for detection. The signals were visualized using the Streptavidin-HRP and Tyramide signal amplification kit as per the manufacturer's instructions.
[0163] Timm’s sulfide silver staining
[0164] Timm’s sulfide silver staining kit (80115.1, Genmed Scientifics Inc. ) was used to visualize copper accumulation in various tissues. Mice were firstly deeply anesthetized and perfused via the ascending aorta with 100 mL 0.9%saline. Tissues were collected and postfixed in Reagent A for 45 minutes, followed by Reagent B for 16-24 hours at room temperature. Fixed tissues were then transferred into Reagent C for another 16-24 hours at room temperature, and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were cut at a thickness of 4 μM and stained according to manufacturer's recommendations. Subsequently, signals representing copper accumulation were visible under a microscope.
[0165] Statistical analysis
[0166] Statistical analysis was performed using Prism 8 (Graph Pad) software. Columns analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. The P-values and sample sizes are indicated in Figure or Figure legends.
[0167] Example 1: Codon optimization of ATP7B significantly increased copper-transporting capacity
[0168] Codon optimization is widely used to enhance translational efficiency by adapting the codon usage bias of the host organism, thereby increasing gene expression without altering the protein sequence. Based on the commonly-used codon frequency in homo sapiens, and considering with the immunogenicity caused by the presence of CpG motifs, eight versions of codon-optimized ATP7B transgenes were designed, synthesized and cloned into the pCMV vectors (Figure 9a) , the ATP7B sequences of which were listed in Table 1. The vectors were then transfected into HEK293T cells, and the resulting cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting to measure the protein expression level of ATP7B. Among the eight constructs carrying different versions of codon optimization of ATP7B, LYM3P082 (SEQ ID NO. 30) , LYM3P085 (SEQ ID NO. 33) , LYM3P086 (SEQ ID NO. 34) and LYM3P087 (SEQ ID NO. 35) significantly increased the ATP7B expression, while the LYM3P085 (SEQ ID NO. 33) and LYM3P086 (SEQ ID NO. 34) were proven to exhibit the highest expression level (Fig. 1) .
[0169] Table 1. Constructs with codon-optimized ATP7B transgenes
[0170] Example 2: Designed ATP7B endogenous introns increased the ATP7B copper-transporting capacity and protein expression
[0171] Introns have been known to play crucial roles in regulating alternative splicing, enhancing gene expression, and controlling mRNA transport or chromatin assembly, etc. Some exogenous introns, primarily sourced from virus genomes, have been utilized in gene therapy to increase gene expression. However, considering the safety and the immunogenicity concerns associated with interspecies sequence, endogenous introns of ATP7B were prioritized. The genomic length of ATP7B is approximately 80 kb, which includes 20 introns varying in size from 82 bp to 36 kb. To accommodate the size limitation of AAV packaging, introns that are longer than 300 bp were truncated to a mini-version while preserving the full length of other introns that are less than 300 bp (Table 2) .
[0172] Table 2. Designed ATP7B endogenous introns
[0173] As listed in Table 2, the codon-optimized ATP7B (SEQ ID NO: 34) was inserted with designed ATP7B endogenous introns at their native location as in the wild type ATP7B of NC_000013.11 (51932669.. 52012132, complement) . The nucleotides encoding the adjacent 3 amino acids of ATP7B that flanking the intron were reverted to their wild-type sequence to ensure compatibility of inserted introns. These ATP7B transgenes with designed endogenous introns (Table 3) , driven by TTRm, were then cloned into AAV-ITR vector (Figure 9b) . One reference product of LYM3P021 was constructed with a truncated ATP7B driven by a hepatic-specific promoter as described in SEQ ID NO. 8 from WO2016097219A1.
[0174] The plasmids encoding codon-optimized ATP7B with the designed endogenous introns (Table 3) , as well as the reference vector of LYM3P021, was transfected into Huh-7 cells to assess ATP7B protein expression level by western blotting. The two constructs of LYM3P181 (ATP7B transgene is wild-type ATP7B, SEQ ID NO. 27) and LYM3P283 (ATP7B transgene is ATP7B-C07, SEQ ID NO. 34) were also included as non-intron controls. The constructs of codon-optimized ATP7B with introns inserted, including LYM3P285-ATP7Bi1-C07, LYM3P288-ATP7Bi4-C07, LYM3P289-ATP7Bi5-C07, LYM3P293-ATP7Bi9-C07 and LYM3P298-ATP7Bi14-C07, all exhibited significant increase in protein expression compared to the non-intron controls of LYM3P181-wtATP7B and LYM3P283-ATP7B-C07 (Fig. 2) .
[0175] Table 3. Constructs with codon-optimized ATP7B inserted with designed ATP7B endogenous introns
[0176] Example 3: In vitro screening of chimeric hepatic specific promoters for ATP7B expression
[0177] In order to achieve liver-specific expression of ATP7B, a set of chimeric hepatic-specific regulatory elements (CHSREs) consisting of enhancers (CHSRE01, CHSRE02, CHSRE03) and core promoters (CHSRE04, CHSRE05, CHSRE06, CHSRE07) were combined and permuted as CHSRE08–19 (Table 4) . The CHSREs were fused with codon-optimized ATP7B (SEQ ID NO: 34) and cloned into AAV-ITR vector as listed in Table 4, the constructs of which were then transfected into Huh-7 cells to measure the relative copper-transporting capacity via Dual Luciferase Assay to screen out the vectors with higher copper-transporting potency.
[0178] Enhancers of CHSRE01, CHSRE02 and CHSRE03 were found to increase transcription efficiency of promotes of CHSRE04, CHSRE06 and CHSRE07, which were evidenced in Fig. 3 that LYM3P341-CHSRE08, LYM3P342-CHSRE09, LYM3P343-CHSRE10, LYM3P347-CHSRE14, LYM3P348-CHSRE15, LYM3P349-CHSRE16, LYM3P350-CHSRE17, LYM3P351-CHSRE18 and LYM3P352-CHSRE19 were found to have higher transcription efficiency compared to corresponding single-promoter control constructs of LYM3P283-CHSRE04, LYM3P339-CHSRE06 and LYM3P340-CHSRE07. Besides, LYM3P345-CHSRE12, which had the combination of enhancer CHSRE02 and the promoter CHSRE05, possessed higher copper-transporting capacity than the corresponding single-promoter control of LYM3P338-CHSRE05 (Fig. 3) .
[0179] Table 4. Chimeric hepatic specific regulatory elements
[0180] Example 4: Further combined with metal responsive elements (MREs) on CHSRE exhibited copper-dependent gene transcription
[0181] Metal responsive elements (MREs) have been reported to exhibit copper-dependent transcriptional activity, which aids in maintaining metal homeostasis and protecting against heavy metal toxicity. The core consensus sequence TGCRCNC of MREs was analyzed in the human ATP7B endogenous promoter (GRCh38 / hg38 chr13: 52011451-52014450) to identify MREs that are suitable for inducing potent copper-dependent ATP7B expression, which are listed in Table 5.
[0182] Table 5. Constructs with MREs identified from ATP7B promoter
[0183] Four tandem repeats of MREs from ATP7B endogenous promoter were cloned upstream of an E1b TATA box to drive expression of luciferase transgene (Figure 9c) , which were listed in Table 5. These constructs were transfected into Huh-7 cells and the luciferase activity were measured for the quantification of the copper-dependent transcriptional activity. The results showed that MREe4 had the most sensitive transcriptional activity responded to copper concentration (Fig. 4) .
[0184] 4 or 7 tandem repeats of MREe (MREe4 or MREe7) were cloned upstream of the hepatic-specific promoter CHSRE05, as listed in Table 6, to drive the expression of luciferase transgene (Figure 9d) . The constructs were transfected into Huh-7 cells to quantify the copper-dependent transcriptional activity. The results showed that MREe7 significantly increased the transcription efficiency of CHSRE05 promoter in a copper-dependent manner (Fig. 5) .
[0185] Table 6. Constructs with tandem repeats of MREs added to CHSRE05
[0186] Example 5: Truncated ATP7B exhibited efficient copper-transporting capacity
[0187] ATP7B is a multi-domain protein comprising several independently folded Cu (II) responsive elements (CREs) situated between the leader peptide (LP) and C-terminal region (CTR) . Six CREs can be identified from the N-terminal to the membrane-spanning part of ATP7B, each consisting of four beta strands and two helixes. Table 7 lists the codon-optimized sequence of leader peptide (LP) , CRE1 -6, C-terminal region (CTR) and linkers that connect two adjacent CREs. The CREs listed herein can be arranged in any order, combined directly without any sequences or with any flexible sequences, including endogenous linkers between CREs from ATP7B, to constitute a functional ATP7B.
[0188] Full-length ATP7B, which is approximately 4.4 kb, can be oversized for packaging into adeno-associated virus (AAV) , making it necessary to obtain a truncated form with comparable copper transportation capacity to the wild type ATP7B for developing treatments with gene therapy vectors against Wilson disease. Due to the limitations in AAV packaging, three or fewer combinations of CREs were preferable. As illustrated in Table 8, truncated codon-optimized ATP7B with specific combinations of CREs, driven by TTRm promoter, were cloned into AAV-ITR vectors (Fig. 9b) together with the constant LP and CTR domains to express functional ATP7B proteins. These constructs were then transfected into Huh-7 cells to evaluate their copper-transporting capacity using the Dual Luciferase Assay. The results showed the sequences of CRE schemes without Leader peptide and C-terminal region in the optimized truncated ATP7B versions listed in Table 8, including LYM3P313, LYM3P320, LYM3P314, LYM3P321, LYM3P324, LYM3P317, LYM3P336, LYM3P334, LYM3P333, LYM3P326 and LYM3P331, exhibited significantly higher copper-transporting capacity than the reference of LYM3P021 (Fig. 6) . Moreover, these constructs demonstrated comparable copper-transporting capacity with the construct of LYM3P283 that carrying full-length of ATP7B transgene, indicating the optimized truncated versions of ATP7B are suitable to be constructed into AAV vectors and applied in gene therapy against Wilson disease.
[0189] Table 7. Codon-optimized sequences and amino acid sequence of domains composing ATP7B
[0190] Table 8. Constructs with the truncated codon-optimized ATP7B with specific combinations of CREs
[0191] Example 6: In vivo study of therapeutic potential of AAV candidates against Wilson disease
[0192] With accordance to the promising results from Example 5, four truncated codon-optimized versions of ATP7B with higher copper-transporting capacity, specifically tr03ATP7B-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 121) , tr04ATP7B-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 122) , tr06ATP7B-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 123) , and tr07ATP7B-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 124) , were selected for further evaluation of their therapeutic potential. To increase the expression of ATP7B that with only two CREs, designed endogenous intron1 (Int01, SEQ ID NO: 37) described in Example 2 were further inserted into ATP7B transgene sequence as tr06ATP7Bi1-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 123) and tr07ATP7Bi1-C07 (SEQ ID NO: 124) as listed in Table 9. To adjust ATP7B expression responsive to copper concentration in Wilson disease physiological environment, MREe7 (SEQ ID NO: 105) was cloned upstream of the chimeric hepatic-specific elements of CHSRE08 or CHSRE18 in constructs of LYM3P465, LYM3P466, LYM3P467, LYM3P468, LYM3P469, LYM3P470, LYM3P471 and LYM3P472 as listed in Table 10. The therapeutic AAV constructs with CHSRE-driven truncated codon-optimized ATP7B with or without insertion of intron were described in Table 10.
[0193] Table 9. List of candidate transgene constitution
[0194] Table 10. Constructs with candidate adeno-associated viral vectors constitution
[0195] All candidates from Table 10 were successfully packaged into AAV8 with a yield > 5.0 × 1010 vg / mL. The biopotency of copper-transporting capacity of the AAV candidates were evaluated by Dual Luciferase Assay with the transduction of Huh-7 cells at MOI = 1 × 106. The result proved that AAVs packaged with the well-designed ATP7B constructs all exhibited much higher biopotency than the reference product of LYM3-P021. Specifically, LYM3P452, LYM3P469, LYM3P466, LYM3P439, LYM3P443 and LYM3P440 exhibited higher copper-transporting capacity (Fig. 7) .
[0196] The therapeutic effects were then evaluated in vivo using Atp7b- / -mice that were generated as described above. AAV candidates (2.0 × 1012 vg / kg) , including LYM3P452, LYM3P453, LYM3P455, LYM3P456, LYM3P469, LYM3P470 and LYM3P471, formulation buffer control, or the reference product of LYM3P021 were administrated through a tail vein injection to 12-week-age Atp7b- / -mice, while C57BL / 6J mice were used as wild-type control with a formulation buffer administration. After the administration, serum samples were collected at week 1 post-administration to assess the activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) . Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed to determine the liver copper accumulation. The results showed that the selected AAV candidates produced with the constructs from Table 10 more effectively eliminated liver copper accumulation (Fig. 8) than the reference of LYM3P021 in the Atp7b- / -Wilson disease mouse model.
[0197] While the present embodiments have been particularly shown and described with reference to example embodiments herein, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present embodiments as defined by the following claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the present invention and are covered by the following claims. The contents of all non-patent literature publications, patents, and patent applications cited throughout this application are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. The appropriate components, processes, and methods of those patents, applications and other documents may be selected for the present invention and embodiments thereof.
Claims
1.A polynucleotide encoding an ATP7B that has been codon-optimized for expression, comprising a coding region of the ATP7B, wherein the coding region of the ATP7B comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of (a) a sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35; (b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 28-35; and (c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of ATP7B.2.The polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the ATP7B comprises an amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 36.3.The polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide further comprises an untranslated intron region.4.The polynucleotide of claim 3, wherein the untranslated intron region comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 37-56, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 37-56.5.The polynucleotide of claim 3 or 4, wherein the untranslated intron region is located between the 51-52bp, 1285-1286bp, 1543-1544bp, 1707-1708bp, 1869-1870bp, 1946-1947bp, 2121-2122bp, 2355-2356bp, 2447-2448bp, 2575-2576bp, 2730-2731bp, 2865-2866bp, 3060-3061bp, 3243-3244bp, 3412-3413bp, 3556-3557bp, 3699-3700bp, 3903-3904bp, 4021-4022bp, 4124-4125bp of SEQ ID NOs: 28-35.6.The polynucleotide of claim 5, comprising:(a) a sequence that is 100%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76;(b) a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 57-76, or(c) a functional fragment of (a) or (b) that retains the functionality of human ATP7B.7.A polynucleotide encoding a truncated ATP7B that has been codon-optimized for expression, comprising a coding region of the truncated ATP7B, the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more sequences selected from CRE5, CRE6, and variants thereof, and one or more sequences selected from CRE1, CRE2, and variants thereof,wherein the coding region of CRE1 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1;the coding region of CRE2 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 2, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2;the coding region of CRE5 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 5, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5;the coding region of CRE6 comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NO: 6;preferably, wherein the CRE1 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; the CRE2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; CRE5 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; CRE6 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.8.The polynucleotide of claim 7, wherein the truncated ATP7B comprises a flexible linker connecting CREs.9.The polynucleotide of claim 7, wherein the truncated ATP7B comprise a structure as shown in Formula Ia from N-terminus to C-terminus: A-L-B-L-C-L-D (Ia) ;wherein A, B, C, or D is selected from CRE1, CRE2, CRE5, CRE6 and its variants thereof; A, B, C, and D are different, respectively; A and B are present, C and / or D are optionally present; andL is none or a flexible linker;preferably, truncated ATP7B further comprises LP and / or CTR.10.The polynucleotide of claim 8 or 9, wherein the flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding any amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 22-26, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 22-26; preferably, the flexible linker comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 17-21, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 17-21.11.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein 1) CRE5 or variant thereof and / or 2) CRE6 or variant thereof is present; and 3) CRE1 or variant thereof and / or 4) CRE2 or variant thereof is present.12.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.13.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.14.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.15.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.16.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE2 or variant thereof and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.17.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.18.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE5 or variant thereof are present.19.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.20.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE1 or variant thereof, CRE2 or variant thereof, CRE5 or variant thereof, and CRE6 or variant thereof are present.21.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-10, wherein CRE4 or variant thereof is present.22.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-21, wherein the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 145-158, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 145-158, preferably the truncated ATP7B comprises one or more nucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 107-120, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 107-120.23.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 7-22, further comprising an untranslated intron region.24.The polynucleotide of claim 23, wherein the polynucleotide encodes a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-144, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-144;preferably, the polynucleotide comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 121-124, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 121-124.25.A polynucleotide encoding a functional ATP7B protein comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 141-158, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 141-158.26.An expression construct comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to the polynucleotide sequence of anyone of claims 1-25, wherein the transcription regulatory element comprises a promoter, and / or an enhancer, and / or a metal responsive element, preferably the enhancer is upstream of the promoter, more preferably, the metal responsive element is upstream of the promoter.27.The expression construct of claim 26, the promoter comprises all or a portion of a sequence selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 80-83, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of promoter.28.The expression construct of claim 27 or 27, wherein the enhancer comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 77-79, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of enhancer.29.The expression construct of any one of claims 26-28, wherein the metal responsive element comprises all or a portion of a sequence comprising at least one selected from the sequence consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 96-103 and 105, and sequences at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 96-103 and 105, the all or the portion of the sequence retains the functionality of metal responsive element.30.The expression construct of any one of claims 26-29, wherein the promoter, enhancer or metal responsive element is a single-copy or multi-copy sequence.31.The expression construct of any one of claim 26-30, wherein the expression construct comprises one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 125-140, and sequences that are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.8%identical to SEQ ID NOs: 125-140.32.The expression construct of any one of claims 26-31, further comprising a 5’-inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence, a polyA sequence; and a 3’-ITR sequence.33.A vector comprising the polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-25, or the expression construct of any one of claims 25-31.34.The vector of claim 33, wherein the vector is a virus vector.35.The vector of claim 34, wherein the virus vector is AAV vector.36.A recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) comprising the vector of any one of claims 33-35 and capsid protein.37.The rAAV of claim 36, wherein the AAV is selected from the group consisting of: serotype 1, 2, 3, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, rh10, or hu37 as well as any one of the AAV serotypes isolated from human and nonhuman mammalians or variant thereof.38.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the polynucleotide is DNA or RNA.39.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-25, the expression construct of any one of claims 26-32, the vector of any one of claims 33-35, or the rAAV of claim 36 or 37, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.40.A method for treating a disease in the subjects, comprising administrating the effective amount of the polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-25, the expression construct of any one of claims 26-32, the vector of any one of claims 33-35, the rAAV of claim 36 or 37, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 38.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the disease is an ATP7B related disease.42.The method of claim 40, wherein the disease is Wilson disease.43.The method of claim 40, wherein the subject is mammalian, preferably is human.