Prs muting patterns for sbfd

Abstract

Wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive sub-band full duplex (SBFD) configurations from a network indicating subbands. The WTRU may receive information indicating a time domain (TD) muting pattern and a frequency domain (FD) muting pattern. The TD and FD muting patterns may be associated with positioning reference signals (PRS). Based on the TD and FD muting patterns, receive in a slot in a downlink transmission, the WTRU may receive one or more PRSs in one or more downlink (DL) subbands. The slot may include at least two DL subbands and at least one uplink (UL) subband. The slot may not be muted according to the TD muting pattern. The WTRU may determine a measurement based on the received PRSs. The WTRU may send an indication of the determined measurement to the network.

Description

PRS MUTING PATTERNS FOR SBFDCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 518,093 filed on August 7, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] NR Positioning, UL transmission procedures, DL reception procedures are currently used. In Rel.16, downlink, uplink and downlink and uplink positioning methods are used.SUMMARY

[0003] Wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive sub-band full duplex (SBFD) configurations from a network indicating subbands. The WTRU may receive information indicating a time domain (TD) muting pattern and a frequency domain (FD) muting pattern. The TD and FD muting patterns may be associated with positioning reference signals (PRS). Based on the TD and FD muting patterns, receive in a slot in a downlink transmission, the WTRU may receive one or more PRSs in one or more downlink (DL) subbands. The slot may include at least two DL subbands and at least one uplink (UL) subband. The slot may not be muted according to the TD muting pattern. The WTRU may determine a measurement based on the received PRSs. The WTRU may send an indication of the determined measurement to the network.

[0004] The WTRU may receive an indication from the network to perform reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements. The WTRU may receive another PRS in another slot of a downlink (DL) transmission. The WTRU may further determine an RSTD measurement based on the received third PRS and one or more of the received PRSs. The WTRU may send the RSTD measurement to the network.

[0005] The WTRU may report the RSTD measurement when the determined measurement associated with the PRS exceeds a threshold.

[0006] In one example, the determined measurement may be associated with the PRSs comprises a line of sight (LOS) or a reference signal received power (RSRP).

[0007] The WTRU may report an error that no measurement conditions are met if the determined measurement associated with PRS does not exceed the threshold.

[0008] In an embodiment, the WTRU may further determine an FD-TD muting pattern based on the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern. The FD-TD muting pattern may be determined by performing an AND operation using the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern.

[0009] The WTRU may apply the determined FD-TD muting pattern to an SBFD slot. The WTRU may further receive, in a slot of the downlink transmission, the PRS in the DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the DL subband is not muted and the other DL subband is muted. The WTRU may further receive, in a slot of the downlink transmission, the PRS in the DL subband and the other PRS in the other DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the DL subband and the other DL subband are not muted.

[0010] In another example, the plurality of subbands may include at least two DL subband and at least one UL subband. The indication of the measurement to the network may include a report of the RSTD measurement or an indication of an error.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0012] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0014] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a FD-TD muting pattern.

[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a TxRx window for SBFD and non-SBFD slots.

[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates PRS configuration over SBFD slots.

[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates cancellation of SRS transmission when they collide with downlink reception.

[0019] FIG 6. illustrates an example of SBFD slot and non-SBFD slot.

[0020] FIG. 7. illustrates another example of SBFD slot and non-SBFD slot.

[0021] FIG. 8. illustrates an example of PRS configuration for one SB.

[0022] FIG. 9. illustrates an example of configuration of repetitions of PRS.

[0023] FIG. 10. illustrates the location of UL SBs and DL.

[0024] FIG. 11 . illustrates an example of scheduled PRS in non-SBFD and SBFD slots.

[0025] FIG. 12. illustrates a FD-TD Muting pattern.

[0026] FIG. 13. illustrates another example of a FD-TD muting pattern.

[0027] FIG. 14. illustrates yet another example of FD-TD muting pattern.

[0028] FIG. 15. illustrates measuring PRS outside of the active BWP.

[0029] FIG. 16. illustrates measuring PRS outside of the active BWP with SBFD and non-SBFD slots.

[0030] FIG. 17. illustrates measuring non-contiguous PRS outside of the active BWP with SBFD and non- SBFD slots.

[0031] FIG. 18. illustrates a determination to receive PRS in SBFD format outside of the active BWP.

[0032] FIG. 19. illustrates an example of configurations for a measurement gap.

[0033] FIG. 20. illustrates an example of configuration of a TxRx window.

[0034] FIG. 21 . illustrates an example of configuration of a measurement gap for SBFD and non-SBFD slots.

[0035] FIG. 22. illustrates an example of configuration of a measurement gap for SBFD and non-SBFD slots and reception of PRS outside of the active BWP.

[0036] FIG. 23. illustrates an example of transmission of UL RS (e.g., SRS) outside of the active BWP.

[0037] FIG. 24. illustrates an example of configuration of overlapping TxRx window and measurement gap-10038] FIG. 25. illustrates configuration of PPW over SBFD and non-SBFD slots.

[0039] FIG. 26. illustrates overlapping configuration of TxRx window and PPW.

[0040] FIG. 27. illustrates an example of prioritization of DL reception within the active BWP.

[0041] FIG. 28. illustrates PDCCH which schedules PDSCH within the TxRx window is received at least N slots.

[0042] FIG. 29. illustrates an example of reception of PRS outside of the active BWP and reception of DL channel / signal inside the active BWP within the TxRx window.

[0043] FIG. 30. illustrates an application of TxRx window to flexible slots.

[0044] FIG. 31 . illustrates signal exchange among WTRU, gNB and LMF for TxRx window configuration.

[0045] FIG. 32. illustrates configuration of PRS for non-SBFD slots in SBFD slots.

[0046] FIG. 33. illustrates an example of configuration of a measurement window.

[0047] FIG. 34. illustrates reception of PRS for SBFD slots by the WTRU which is configured with non- SBFD slots and WTRU which is configured with SBFD slots.

[0048] FIG. 35. illustrates an example of transmission or reception occasion.

[0049] FIG. 36. illustrates an example of collision between transmission of SRS and reception of DL channel within the active BWP where reception of the DL channel is prioritized.

[0050] FIG. 37. illustrates an example of collision between transmission of SRS outside the active BWP and reception of PRS outside the active BWP where transmission of SRS is deprioritized.

[0051] FIG. 38. illustrates an example of collision between transmission of SRS within the active BWP and reception of PRS outside the active BWP where transmission of SRS is prioritized.

[0052] FIG. 39. illustrates an example of collision between transmission of SRS within the active BWP and reception of PRS outside the active BWP where transmission of SRS is prioritized.

[0053] FIG. 40. illustrates reception of PDCCH within the configured duration before SRSp transmission.

[0054] FIG. 41 . illustrates an example of SRSp transmission in a slot.

[0055] FIG. 42. illustrates cancellation of SRSp transmission within the Tx priority window over collided symbols or slots.

[0056] FIG. 43. illustrates cancellation of SRSp transmission within the Tx priority window.

[0057] FIG. 44. illustrates a signal exchange flowchart among, WTRU, gNB and LMF.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 1 A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network(PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “ST A”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU. Further, any description herein that is described with reference to a UE may be equally applicable to a WTRU (or vice versa). For example, a WTRU may be configured to perform any of the processes or procedures described herein as being performed by a UE (or vice versa).

[0060] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the I nternet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0061] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specificgeographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0062] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0063] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0064] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0065] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0066] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., a eNB and a gNB).

[0067] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0068] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0069] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0070] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0071] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0072] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0073] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0074] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in oneembodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0075] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0076] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0077] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0078] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include oneor more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0079] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0080] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0081] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g, for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g, a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g, a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g, associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g, for transmission) or the downlink (e.g, for reception)).

[0082] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate withthe WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0083] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0084] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0085] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0086] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0087] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0088] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0089] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0090] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0091] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0092] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to- peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11 e DLS or an 802.11 z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad- hoc” mode of communication.

[0093] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA)may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the ST As (e.g., every ST A), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0094] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0095] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0096] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0097] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In theexample of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0098] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0099] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0100] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0101] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wirelesstransmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0102] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0103] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0104] The CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0105] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b,management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0106] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0107] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0108] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0109] In view of Figures 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of Figures 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b,eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0110] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0111] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0112] In this disclosure, the following positioning methods are considered:

[0113] A “DL (downlink) positioning method” may refer to any positioning method that uses downlink reference signals such as PRS (positioning reference signal). The WTRU may receive multiple reference signals from TP(s) and may measure DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) and / or reference signal received power (RSRP). Examples of DL positioning methods are downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) and / or downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) positioning.

[0114] A “UL positioning method” may refer to any positioning method that uses uplink reference signals such as sounding reference signal (SRS) for positioning. The WTRU may transmit SRS to multiple reception point (RPs) and the RPs measure the uplink relative time of arrival (UL RTOA) and / or RSRP. Examples of UL positioning methods are uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and / or uplink angle of arrival (UL- AoA) positioning.

[0115] A “DL & UL positioning method” may refer to any positioning method that uses both uplink and downlink reference signals for positioning. In one example, a WTRU may transmit SRS to multiple Transmission-Reception Point (TRPs) and gNB may measure Rx-Txtime difference which may be calculated based on the time of arrival of downlink reference signal (DL RS) (e.g., PRS). The gNB can measure RSRP for the received SRS. The WTRU may measure Rx-Tx time difference for PRS transmitted from multiple TRPs. The WTRU can measure RSRP for the received PRS. The Rx-TX difference and possibly RSRP measured at WTRU and gNB are used to compute round trip time. Here, WTRU Rx - Tx time difference” refers to the difference between arrival time of the reference signal transmitted by the TRP and transmission time of the reference signal transmitted from the WTRU. An example of DL & UL positioning method is multi- RTT positioning.

[0116] The WTRU may be scheduled semi-statically with DL and / or UL resources in either time division duplex (TDD) and / or frequency division duplex (FDD) mode.

[0117] Compared to other DL signals / channels and / or UL signals / channels, SRSp has lower priority; the WTRU may drop SRSp if there is a collision between reception of DL signals / channels and / or transmission of UL signals / channels.

[0118] Semi-statically scheduled resources may introduce latency in positioning process since the WTRU may wait for reserved DL and / or UL resources for reception of PRS and / or transmission of SRSp, and they may limit flexibilities to receive DL PRS and / or transmit SRSp

[0119] SBFD (Subband Full Duplex) slot format can be used for latency reduction in positioning. However, PRS based on the SBFD format may limit the applicability of the PRS to the WTRUs who support the SBFD format. Reception of PRS based on the SBFD and processing of corresponding measurements format should be supported by the WTRUs regardless of their support for SBFD format. Muting may be employed for SBFD to reduce interference adjscent frequency bands.

[0120] Dropped transmission occasions of SRSp may cause significant delay in positioning and / or degradation in positioning accuracy.

[0121] Various implementations are disclosed herein. In one implementation, the WTRU may determine a muting pattern in the time and frequency domain based on configured muting patterns. The WTRU may determine whether to apply the muting pattern based on type of a slot (e.g., SBFD slot, non-SBFD slot). If some subbands are muted, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on the unmuted subbands based on their channel condition.

[0122] FIG. 2 illustrates a FD-TD (frequency domain - time domain) muting pattern. The WTRU may receive SBFD configurations (e.g., configurations for DL and / or UL subbands) from the network (e.g., gNB, location management function (LMF)).

[0123] The WTRU is scheduled to receive PRS over DL subbands and first slot (e.g., non-SBFD downlink slot) where the first slot is the reference PRS for RSTD computation.

[0124] The WTRU may receive two muting patterns (e.g., FD and TD muting patterns), one for time domain and another for sub-bands, associated with PRS from LMF.

[0125] The WTRU may receive an indication from the network to perform the DL-TDOA positioning method.

[0126] The WTRU may determine the FD-TD muting pattern (e.g., FD and TD muting patterns may be configured separately, and the WTRU may perform AND operation to determine the FD-TD muting pattern, see FIG. 2 for a potential pattern). The FD-TD muting pattern may be determined based on the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern.

[0127] The WTRU may apply the FD-TD muting pattern to SBFD slot(s).

[0128] The WTRU may not apply the FD muting pattern to the non-SBFD slot(s) (e.g., the first and last slot slot in FIG. 2).

[0129] The WTRU may receive PRS and may determine may process the measurement (e.g., RSTD) at least based on the following.

[0130] If the WTRU receives PRS on both subbands, the WTRU may determine RSTD based on both subbands.

[0131] If the WTRU may receive PRS on one of the DL subbands and if channel condition for the PRS (e.g., line of sight (LOS), RSRP) is above the threshold, the WTRU may determine reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on the unmuted subband.

[0132] If the WTRU may not receive any PRS on DL subbands, the WTRU may not obtain RSTD

[0133] The WTRU may report RSTD measurements. The WTRU may report an error if the WTRU does not obtain the RSTD.

[0134] T urning to FIG. 3, in another implementation, the WTRU may be configured with DL-TDOA and round trip time (RTT) positioning method. The WTRU may be configured with a window (e.g., TxRx window). If the WTRU receives the target PRS within a configured interval, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRS at next available occasion within the TxRx window.

[0135] The WTRU may be configured with DL-TDOA and RTT positioning method by the network

[0136] The WTRU may be configured with a TxRx window and associated parameters (e.g., duration, start / end time) by the network.

[0137] The WTRU obtains PRS config and associated SRSp configuration.

[0138] The WTRU may receive the reference PRS (e.g., orange PRS in the figure)

[0139] If the WTRU may be configured with expected RSTD (e.g., expected RSTD with respect to the ToA of the reference PRS).

[0140] If the WTRU may receive target PRS outside the active bandwidth part (BWP) within the expected RSTD time and the remaining time is greater than the threshold, the WTRU may transmit SRS outside of the active BWP at the next transmission occasion within the TxRx window.

[0141] The WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0142] The WTRU may determine WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the ToA of the target PRS and time of departure (ToD) for the SRSp.

[0143] If the WTRU may receive target PRS outside of the expected RSTD, the WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0144] If the WTRU is not configured with expected RSTD, the WTRU may transmit SRS outside the active BWP at the available transmission occasion within N slots from the reception timing of the reference PRS where N may be configured by the network.

[0145] The WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0146] The WTRU may determine WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the ToA of the target PRS and ToD for the SRSp.

[0147] The WTRU may report RSTD and WTRU Rx-Tx time to the network if available.

[0148] Turning to FIG. 4, in yet another implementation, the WTRU may be configured with a measurement window with associated priority level. The WTRU may be configured with SBFD slots and may receive PRS for non-SBFD slots. The WTRU may determine subbands for measurement based on the priority level associated with the window.

[0149] The WTRU may determine DL-PRS configurations based on broadcast (e.g., posSIB)

[0150] The WTRU may receive SBFD configurations.

[0151] The WTRU may be configured with a measurement window (MW) with measurement priority level.

[0152] If the MW priority level is high, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink and uplink subbands on received PRS.

[0153] If the MW priority level is medium, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink subbands on received PRS.

[0154] If the MW priority level is low, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink slot. In one example, a downlink or uplink slot can be non-SBFD downlink or uplink slot. An example of non-SBFD downlink and uplink slot is Slot#1 and Slot#5 in FIG.5, respectively.

[0155] The WTRU may report measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSTD) to the network.

[0156] Turning to FIG. 5, in another implementation, the WTRU may be configured with a Tx window associated with a priority level. The WTRU may determine prioritization between DL reception and SRS transmission based on the priority level if there is a collision between DL reception and UL transmission within the window. If SRS transmission is dropped within the window, the WTRU may determine the configuration (e.g., comb density) of the second SRS based on the number of dropped SRS transmissions. The WTRU may determine to transmit the second SRS in next available non-SBFD slot within the Tx window.

[0157] The WTRU may receive SBFD configurations from the network.

[0158] The WTRU may receive configurations for SRSp (e.g., comb patterns, BW for SRSp in SBFD uplink, BW for SRSp in the uplink slot) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[0159] The WTRU may receive configurations for a Tx priority window (e.g., start / end time, duration in slots) from the network.

[0160] The WTRU may receive the priority level for the Tx priority window (e.g., the WTRU may apply the same priority to SRSp during the window) during which the WTRU may determine priority between reception of downlink channel and transmission of SRSp.

[0161] If the WTRU may determine to drop at least one of the transmission of SRSp on UL subband (e.g., may determine to transmit higher priority physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) instead of the SRSp at least N slots before the Tx priority window, may determine to receive higher priority PDCCH over the SBFD UL symbols at least N slots before the Tx priority window, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp in the uplink slot, if the uplink slot is available and the uplink slot is within the window.)

[0162] The WTRU may determine the configuration of SRSp to be transmitted in the slot based on the number of SRSps dropped during the Tx priority window (e.g., if all SRSps are dropped, comb-1 SRSp may be transmitted in the slot, if one SRSp is dropped, comb-4 SRSp may be transmitted in the slot).

[0163] The WTRU may send a request to the network for configuration (e.g., PRS configurations, SRSp configurations) in physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI), MAC- CE, RRC and / or LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message. The request from the WTRU may includeconfigurations of a measurement gap, PRS processing window and / or window for transmission of SRS for positioning (SRSp).

[0164] The WTRU may send an acknowledgement message in PUSCH and / or PUCCH for the grant received from the network.

[0165] More than one conditions / criteria can be used in a combination. The WTRU may be configured with more than one conditions and associated WTRU behavior and the WTRU may determine which behavior the WTRU shall use based on the applicable condition.

[0166] The WTRU can measure DL-PRS inside and / or outside of active BWP. The WTRU may transmit SRSp inside and / or outside of active BWP.

[0167] The WTRU may be preconfigured with parameters (e.g,. measurement gaps, PRS processing windows, PRS configurations, SRSp configurations) via a semi-static message (e.g, LPP, RRC).

[0168] Any actions the WTRU may determine to take may be configured by the network. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a rule and according to the rule, the WTRU may determine to take an associated action.

[0169] In addition to the measurements made on PRS, the WTRU may include at least one of the following cell-related measurements: SSB RSRP from the serving cell with corresponding cell ID, SSB RSRP from the neighboring cell(s) with corresponding cell ID(s), RSRP of channel state information reference signal (CSI- RS) with CSI-RS resource ID, and RSRS of demodulation reference signal (DM-RS).

[0170] In this disclosure, “Network” may comprise access and mobility management function (AMF), local management function (LMF), gNB and / or NG-RAN.

[0171] “Pre-configuration” and “configuration” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0172] “non-serving gNB” and “neighboring gNB” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0173] “gNB” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0174] “PRS”, “SRS”, “SRS for positioning” and / or “SRS for positioning purpose” can be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0175] “PRS” and / or “PRS resource” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0176] “PRS(s)” and / or “PRS resource(s)” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The aforementioned “PRS(s)” and / or “PRS resource(s)” may belong to different PRS resource sets.

[0177] “PRS” and / or “DL-PRS” and / or “DL PRS” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0178] “Measurement gap” and / or “Measurement gap pattern” may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. “Measurement gap pattern” may include parameters such as measurement gap duration and / or measurement gap repetition period and / or measurement gap periodicity.

[0179] A processor unit (PRU) may be a WTRU and / or transmission reception point (TRP) whose location (e.g., altitude, latitude, geographic coordinate, and / or local coordinate) is known by the network (e.g., gNB, LMF). Capabilities of PRU may be same as a WTRU and / or TRP, e.g., capable of receiving PRS and / or transmit SRS and / or SRS for positioning, return measurements, and / or transmit PRS. The WTRUs acting as PRUs may be used by the network for calibration purposes (e.g., correct unknown timing offset, correct unknown angle offset).

[0180] An LMF is a non-limiting example of a node and / or entity (e.g., network node and / or entity) that may be used for and / or to support positioning. Any other node and / or entity may be substituted for LMF and still be consistent with this disclosure.

[0181] The WTRU may receive a preconfigured threshold(s) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[0182] The LOS indicator may be hard (e.g., 1 and / or 0) and / or soft indicator (e.g., 0, 0.1 , 0.2... ,1) and it may indicate likelihood of the presence of an LOS path between TRP and WTRU and / or along PRS. The LOS indicator can be associated with a TRP and / or PRS resource ID (e.g., index). The WTRU may receive the LOS indicator from the network per TRP and / or resource ID. Alternatively, the WTRU may determine the LOS indicator per TRP and / or resource ID based on measurements.

[0183] A WTRU location may be expressed in terms of altitude, latitude, geographic coordinate, and / or local coordinate, for example.

[0184] Examples of structures of SBFD slots are shown in this section. Turning to FIG. 6, An example of allocation of both SBFD slots and non-SBFD slots (e.g., downlink slot, uplink slot, special slot, flexible slot which can be configured as a downlink slot and / or uplink slot) are shown in FIG. 6. Another example of a non-SBFD slot is where the non-SBFD slot, in the frequency domain, occupies the bandwidth covered by DL SBs and UL SBs in an SBFD slot. As shown in the figure, a group of 5 slots consists of 2 non-SBFD slots and 3 SBFD slots. The 5 slots occupy a bandwidth denoted by “B1” in the figure. In the example, non SBFD slots are reserved for downlink and uplink slots occupying the bandwidth B1. The non-SBFD downlink and uplink slots are the first and last slot in the example, denoted by “D” and “U”, respectively, in the figure. These slots may be used for the WTRU which may not support reception and / or transmission using SBFD slots. In the example, all subband full duplex (SBFD) slots consist of 3 sub-bands (SBs), namely SB1 , SB2 and SB3.Each SB is dedicated for either downlink and / or uplink. In the example, SB1 and SB3 are used for downlink reception and SB2 is used for uplink transmission by the WTRU.

[0185] The WTRU may receive configurations (e g., location of downlink and / or uplink slots and / or SB in the group, bandwidth for non-SBFD slot and / or SBs, number of SBs in a slot) for a group of SBFD slots and non-SBFD slots in a semi-static message (e.g., RRC) from the network. The WTRU may receive configurations from the network via a semi-static message about the group of non-SBFD and SBFD slots (e.g., duration of the group, how many SBFD and non-SBFD slots the group consists of, location of SBFD and non-SBFD slots in the group, start and / or end time of the group expressed in terms of absolute time, relative time, symbol number and / or index, slot number and / or index, frame number and / or index, subframe number and / or index). The location of non-SBFD slot and / or SBFD slot may be indicated by slot indices as shown in FIG. 6. For example, non-SBFD slots are located at slot #1 and slot #5 in the group while SBFD slots are located at slot #2, #3 and #4.

[0186] Another example of a group of non SBFD and SBFD slots is shown in FIG. 7 where the SBFD slots consist of 2 SBs for downlink and uplink, namely SB1 and SB2 for downlink and uplink respectively.

[0187] The term “subband” may be used to refer to a frequency-domain resource and may be characterized by at least one of the following: a set of resource blocks (RBs); set of resource block sets (RB sets), e.g. when a carrier has intra-cell guard bands; set of interlaced resource blocks; bandwidth part, and / or portion thereof; carrier, and / or portion thereof.

[0188] For example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and number of RBs for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth part. A subband may also be defined by the value of a frequencydomain resource allocation field and bandwidth part index.

[0189] The term “SBFD” may be used to refer to a subband-wise duplex (e.g., either UL and / or DL being used per subband) and may be characterized by at least one of the following: cross Division Duplex (XDD) (e.g., subband-wise FDD within a TDD band), subband-based full duplex (e.g., full duplex as both UL and DL are used / mixed on a symbol / slot, but either UL and / or DL being used per subband on the symbol / slot), frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) of DL / UL transmissions within a TDD spectrum, a subband nonoverlapping full duplex (SBFD) (e.g., non-overlapped sub-band full-duplex), and a full duplex other than a same-frequency (e.g., spectrum sharing, subband-wise-overlapped) full duplex.

[0190] An advanced duplex method, e.g., other than (pure) TDD and / or FDD

[0191] In one case, (gNB-SBFD and WTRU-HD): In an SBFD slot (e.g., shown in examples of FIG. 6and FIG. 7 ), a gNB (e.g., the network) may simultaneously transmit a DL signal (on a DL SB) and receive a ULsignal (on a UL SB) while in the same SBFD slot the WTRU may either receive the DL signal (on the DL SB) and / or transmit the UL signal (on the UL SB), which may be interpreted as the SBFD operation at the gNB and a half-duplex operation at the WTRU being aware of the gNB-side SBFD operation, e.g., gNB-SBFD and WTRU-HD.

[0192] In another case, (gNB-SBFD and WTRU-SBFD): in an SBFD slot (e.g., shown in examples of FIG.6 and FIG. 7), a gNB (e.g., the network) may simultaneously transmit a DL signal (on a DL SB) and receive a UL signal (on a UL SB) while in the same SBFD slot the WTRU may also simultaneously receive the DL signal (on the DL SB) and transmit the UL signal (on the UL SB), which may be interpreted as the SBFD operations at both the gNB and the WTRU, e.g., gNB-SBFD and WTRU-SBFD.

[0193] In yet another case, (SB fully and / or partially overlapped FD): On top of either the Example scenariol and / or the Example scenario2, the gNB and / or the WTRU may simultaneously transmit a DL signal and receive a UL signal on fully and / or partially overlapped SB(s), which may improve radio resource utilization efficiency at the expense of increased complexity, e.g., in managing self-interference (SI) caused by the simultaneous UL and DL in the same SBFD slot.

[0194] The WTRU may receive indication of the locations of DL and / or UL SBs in a semi-static message (e.g., RRC, LPP) and / or a dynamic message (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE). For example, the WTRU may be configured with more than one patterns of arrangement in of DL and / or UL SBs in the frequency and / or time domain where each pattern may be associated with an index. Each pattern may consist of non-SBFD and SBFD slots and / or one SBFD slot. The WTRU may receive a dynamic message indicating the index of the pattern, which will be configured and / or scheduled for the WTRU. The indicated pattern may be configured and / or scheduled for the WTRU in a preconfigured duration (e.g., N slots) since the timing the WTRU may receive the indication from the network.

[0195] Throughout the disclosure, at least one of the Example scenariol , 2, and 3 may apply wherever applicable in the following descriptions and examples.

[0196] In one example, PRS can be scheduled across sub-bands in a SBFD slot. The WTRU may receive configurations, from the network, for the PRS scheduled over more than one SBs. In such a case, the WTRU may receive at least one of the following configuration for PRS.

[0197] PRS config for more than one SBs (e.g., comb pattern to be used across SBs, comb offset). For example, an illustration of PRS configuration for one SB is shown in FIG. 8. In the example, PRS configuration for one slot is shown for one RB (resource block). A comb-4 (PRS is located in each 4 RE (resource element)) pattern is shown. If the WTRU is configured with one PRS config to be used for more than one SBs, theWTRU may determine that the configuration may apply to all SBs (e.g., for the PRS in SB1 and SB3, same comb pattern is used and same PRS configuration (e.g., RB offset) may be applied). In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, the WTRU may determine, from the PRS configuration, the WTRU may determine that PRS may be transmitted repetitively, e.g., PRS is located in three consecutive slots. The WTRU may determine that the same PRS configuration may apply to all occasions of repetitions. An occasion may indicate PRS in one SB. In another example, an occasion can mean PRSs in one slot.

[0198] PRS Repetitions across non-SBFD slots and SBFD slots. In one example, the WTRU may be configured to receive PRS repetitions across non-SBFD and SBFD slots. In this case, the WTRU may be configured with a PRS sequence covering a bandwidth (e.g., based on the bandwidth of a non-SBFD slot) and the WTRU may determine the PRS sequence in the SBFD slot(s) based on the location of DL SBs in the frequency domain, where a complex value of a sequence depends on its location in the frequency domain. An example is illustrated in FIG. 9 where 4 repetitions may be configured across slot#1 , slot#2, slot#3 and slot#4. Repetition occasion #1, #2, #3 and #4 are scheduled to be received in slot#1, slot#2, slot#3 and slot#4, respectively. The WTRU may receive PRS configuration including the sequence used for PRS. The configured sequence may be for the bandwidth of the non-SBFD slot (e.g., BW1 in FIG. 9). For example, if BW1 in the figure consists of 60RBs, the sequence may consist of 720 complex- valued symbols (e.g., 12 resource elements per RB * 60 = 720 resource elements where each resource element may comprise one complex-valued symbol). Each symbol in the sequence may be associated with an index, e.g., first symbol with index #1, the last symbol in the sequence with index #720. If SB1 and SB3 consist of 20 RBs each, the WTRU may determine that for PRS sequence in SB1 and SB3 for slot#2, #3 and #4 are based on the first 240 complex valued symbols (e.g., 12 resource elements per RB * 20 = 240 resource elements where each resource element may comprise one complex-valued symbol, symbol with index#1 to index#240) and last 240 complex (e.g, symbol with index#481 to index#720) valued symbols in the sequence, respectively.

[0199] PRS configuration per SB. The WTRU may receive PRS configuration per SB. For example, the WTRU may receive PRS configuration associated with SB index (e.g, SB1 , SB3). For each slot, the WTRU may determine to apply associated PRS configuration to each SB. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a different comb offset for SB1 (e.g, 1 for SB1) and SB3 (e.g, 2 for SB3) in the example. For each slot in the figure, the WTRU may apply the associated PRS configuration for each SB.

[0200] In an implementation, the WTRU may receive one and / or more PRS-generating parameters which are specific to a subband (e.g, with a subband-specific index), where the SB-specific generation of PRS sequence and / or pattern may provide benefits in terms of interference randomization in receiving the PRSand / or PRS reception performance improvement via scrambling the one and / or more parameters across different SBs, e.g., in an SBFD slot and / or symbol. In an example, as shown in FIG. 8, the WTRU may determine that the upper part of the PRS within SB1 may be associated with a SB index X = 1 which is used (or applied) for generating the respective PRS sequence and / or a respective RE mapping pattern in time / frequency domain. The WTRU may determine that the lower part of the PRS within SB3 may be associated with a SB index X = 2 which is used (or applied) for generating the respective second PRS sequence and / or a respective second RE mapping pattern in time / frequency domain. The WTRU may receive, from the network, a value of X for each SB to be used for generating the respective PRS sequence and / or a respective RE mapping pattern.

[0201] The PRS configurations described herein are applicable to SRS and / or SRSp configurations. The sequence for SRS and / or SRSp may depend on the location of SRS and / or SRSp in the frequency domain. Thus, if the WTRU is configured with more than one UL SBs, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp in the UL SBs where the SRSp sequence used in the transmission depends on the location of the sequence in the frequency domain. In the examples described herein, “PRS”, “SRS” and “SRSp” can be used interchangeably.

[0202] An example of configuration of UL and DL SBs are shown in FIG. 10. For example, if BW2 in the figure consists of GORBs, the sequence for SRSp may consist of 720 complex-valued symbols. Each symbol in the sequence may be associated with an index, e.g., first symbol with index #1, the last symbol in the sequence with index #720. If SB1 and SB3 consist of 20 RBs each, the WTRU may determine that for SRSp sequence to be transmitted in SB1 and SB3 for slot#2, #3 and #4 are based on the first 240 complex valued symbols (e.g., 12 resource elements per RB * 20 = 240 resource elements where each resource element may comprise one complex-valued symbol, symbol with index#1 to index#240) and last 240 complex (e.g., symbol with index#481 to index#720) valued symbols in the sequence, respectively.

[0203] In another example, the PRS, SRS and / or SRSp symbol may be associated with the location of resource element in the frequency domain.

[0204] In one example, a PRS configuration may contain at least one of the following parameters: number of symbols, transmission power, number of PRS resources included in PRS resource set, muting pattern for PRS (for example, the muting pattern may be expressed via a bitmap), periodicity, type of PRS (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic), slot offset for periodic transmission for PRS, vertical shift of PRS pattern in the frequency domain, time gap during repetition, repetition factor, RE (resource element) offset, comb pattern, comb size, spatial relation, quasi-colocation (QCL) information (e.g., QCL target, QCL source) forPRS, number of positioning reference units (PRUs), number of TRPs, Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN), subcarrier spacing, expected RSTD, uncertainty in expected RSTD, start Physical Resource Block (PRB), bandwidth, BWP ID, number of frequency layers, start / end time for PRS transmission, on / off indicator for PRS, TRP ID, PRS ID, cell ID, global cell ID, PRU ID, and applicable time window. The WTRU may apply a PRS configuration under a condition that the current time is within the applicable time window. “ID” may be used interchangeably with “index”.

[0205] In one example, SRS for positioning (SRSp) and / or SRS configuration may include at least one of: resource ID; comb offset values, cyclic shift values; start position in the frequency domain; number of SRSp symbols; shift in the frequency domain for SRSp; frequency hopping pattern; type of SRSp (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent and / or periodic); sequence ID used to generate SRSp, and / or other IDs used to generate SRSp sequence; spatial relation information, indicating which reference signal (e.g., DL RS, UL RS, CSI-RS, SRS, DM-RS) and / or SSB (e.g., SSB ID, cell ID of the SSB) the SRSp is related to spatially where the SRSp and DL RS may be aligned spatially; QCL information (e.g., a QCL relationship between SRSp and other reference signals and / or SSB); QCL type (e.g., QCL type A, QCL type B, QCL type C, QCL type D); resource set ID; list of SRSp resources in the resource set; transmission power related information; pathloss reference information which may contain index for SSB, CSI-RS and / or PRS; periodicity of SRSp transmission; and / or spatial information such as spatial direction information of SRSp transmission (e.g., beam information, angles of transmission), spatial direction information of DL RS reception (e.g., beam ID used to receive DL RS, angle of arrival). “ID” may be used interchangeably with “index”.

[0206] In one example, RSTD may be defined by the difference in time of arrival between PRSs transmitted from a reference TRP and target TRP. The WTRU may be configured with the reference TRP index and target TRP index. The WTRU may be configured with the PRS resource indices to make measurements. The WTRU may determine the time of arrival from TRP based on one and / or more PRS resources associated with the TRP. In another example, the RSTD may be defined as the difference in time of arrival between the reference PRS transmitted from a TRP and the target PRS transmitted from a TRP.

[0207] In one example, WTRU Rx - Tx time difference” refers to the difference between arrival time of the reference signal transmitted by the TRP and transmission time of the reference signal transmitted from the WTRU. The WTRU Rx-Tx time difference may be associated with PRS resource ID and / or SRSp resource ID.

[0208] The WTRU may send measurements in a report to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) via a semi-static (e.g., LPP, RRC) and / or dynamic message (e.g., UCI, UL MAC-CE).

[0209] Some of the benefits for this disclosure are that flexibility in scheduling DL reception and / or UL transmission is achieved using SBFD slots. In addition, latency reduction in positioning can be achieved using SBFD slots due to its flexibility to support both downlink and uplink resources in the same slot.

[0210] In one example, the WTRU may determine a muting pattern in the time and frequency domain. The WTRU may determine whether to apply the muting pattern based on type of a slot (e.g., SBFD slot, non- SBFD slot). If some subbands are muted, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on the unmuted subbands based on their channel condition.

[0211] The WTRU may be configured with muting patterns so that interference from PRS onto neighboring bands can be minimized. Depending on slot types, the WTRU may to determine optimal muting patterns to increase efficiency in positioning.

[0212] An example of a muting pattern is shown in FIG. 12. In the example, the WTRU may receive configurations with a muting pattern bythe network (e.g., LMF, gNB). In the example, the WTRU may receive two muting patterns associated with PRS, one forthe frequency domain (FD) and another for the time domain (TD).

[0213] Granularity of a muting pattern can be symbols, slots, sub-slot, frame, sub-frame, resource element, resource block, band, CC, and / or sub-band. In the example, granularity of the TD muting pattern is slot while that of the FD muting pattern is SB.

[0214] An example of scheduled PRS reception in non-SBFD and SBFD slots are shown in FIG. 11 . In the example, the WTRU may be configured with PRS (e.g., reference PRS) in the non-SBFD slot, e.g., slot#1. In addition, the WTRU is scheduled with PRSs (e.g., PRS1 , PRS2 and PRS3) in downlink subbands in slot #2, slot #3 and slot #4.

[0215] In the figure, the WTRU may receive configuration that may indicate that reference PRS, PRS1 on SB1 and SB3, PRS2 on SB1 and SB3 and PRS3 on SB1 and SB3 may be transmitted from ref TRP, TRP1, TRP2 and TRP3, respectively. The configuration may be a subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration from a network and may indicate a plurality of subbands.

[0216] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with more than one muting patterns, and may determine a new muting pattern by performing an operation (e.g., AND, XOR) on the configured muting patterns. The WTRU may determine to apply the new muting pattern at the first set of timing(s). The WTRU may apply the configured muting pattern(s) to the second set of timing(s). The WTRU may be configured with the first and second set of timings by the network.

[0217] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12, the WTRU may be configured with a TD muting pattern [1 1 0 1] and FD muting pattern

[0010] . In the example, the muting pattern may apply to resources for downlink. The WTRU may receive information indicating a time domain (TD) muting pattern and a frequency domain (FD) muting pattern associated with positioning reference signals (PRS).

[0218] For example, the TD muting pattern [1 1 0 1] may indicate that the PRS in the third slot is muted. The WTRU may be configured with a FD muting pattern

[0010] , indicating the PRS in the second downlink SB (e.g., SB3) is muted. The WTRU may determine the new muting pattern by performing AND operation between TD and FD muting pattern. For example, in Slot #2, PRS is not muted in the time domain but SB3 is muted due to the FD muting pattern. Thus, the WTRU may determine that the PRS in SB3 in Slot#2 is muted. Similarly, in Slot #3, PRS is muted in the time domain. Thus, the WTRU may determine that PRS in SB1 and SB3 are muted in slot #3.

[0219] In one example, the FD-TD muting pattern, determined based on AND operation between the TD and FD muting pattern, may be applied to SBFD slots. One representation of the FD-TD muting pattern portrayed in FIG. 12 is the following matrix, where column index corresponds to slot index and row index corresponds to SB index:1 O 1 O O O .0 O O.

[0220] In one example, the WTRU may determine a muting pattern to be applied based on type of a slot. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., via an operation) and / or be preconfigured and / or more than one muting patterns. The WTRU may determine which muting pattern to apply to a slot based on the slot type (e.g., SBFD slot, non-SBFD slot). In one example, the WTRU may determine to apply the FD-TD muting to SBFD slots. The WTRU may determine to apply the TD muting pattern to non-SBFD slots. The WTRU may determine not to apply the FD muting pattern to non-SBFD slots (e.g., non-SBFD DL slots).

[0221] In one example, the WTRU can receive configurations for muting patterns with more than one granularities. Firstly, the WTRU may determine to combine at least two muting patterns by an operation (e.g., AND) where granularity and / or dimension of the muting patterns may be different. Subsequently, the WTRU may perform another operation (e.g., AND) between the determined muting pattern and another muting pattern at different granularity.

[0222] For example, the WTRU may be configured with a muting pattern at a granularity of a group and another muting pattern with a granularity of slots. The WTRU may determine to perform AND operation between the two muting patterns and determine the final muting pattern. An example is illustrated in FIG. 13where the WTRU may be configured, by the network, TD and FD muting patterns, [1 1 0 1] and

[0010] , respectively. The WTRU is also configured with a muting pattern,

[0010] , with the granularity of group. In the example, the WTRU first may determine the FD-TD muting pattern based on the TD and FD muting pattern (e.g., via performing AND operation). Subsequently, the WTRU may determine the PRS transmission pattern based on the TD-FD muting pattern and muting pattern at the granularity level of group.

[0223] The WTRU may interpret the configured muting pattern for a group-based muting differently based on the configuration by the network. For example, the muting pattern,

[0010] , with the granularity of group, may indicate that out of 3 groups of slots, the first and third group is muted and the muted group follows the determined FD-TD muting pattern. In another example, the muting pattern,

[0010] , with the granularity of group, may indicate that out of 3 groups of slots, the first and third group is muted and no PRS reception is expected in the muted group, as illustrated in FIG. 14. The second group follows PRS based on the determined FD-TD muting pattern. The WTRU may be configured by the network which interpretation of muted pattern to follow for a group-based muting.

[0224] For each muted and / or unmuted SBFD slot, the WTRU may determine to make measurement on PRS and process the measurement. In one example, based on a condition of reception of PRS, the WTRU may determine to process measurement and report the processed measurement to the network via LPP and / or RRC message.

[0225] In one example, if the WTRU receives PRS on all scheduled SBs in a SBFD slot (e.g., none of SBs for DL is muted), the WTRU may determine to make measurements (e.g., RSTD) based on measurements from both SBs in the slot. In one example, the WTRU may indicate SB index (e.g., SB1, SB3) used to derive the measurements.

[0226] In one example, some SBs in a slot may be muted. If the WTRU receives PRS on at least one of the DL SBs, but not at all SBs, in a slot and if channel condition is sufficient (e.g, channel indicator for the PRS (e.g., LOS, RSRP) is above the threshold) for the SBs in which PRSs may be received, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on the received PRS on the RSTD based on the unmuted SBs.

[0227] Examples of channel condition to determine whether the WTRU may process the measurement are shown below:

[0228] LOS indicator for the PRS for the SB is above the preconfigured threshold; RSRP and / or RSRPP (RSRP per path) for the PRS for the SB is above the preconfigured threshold; and / or uncertainty (e.g., expressed in terms of range, maximum and / or minimum value of measurements in seconds, meters) of measurement (e.g., RSTD, ToA, RSRP, RSRPP, carrier phase) is below the preconfigured threshold.

[0229] In one example, the WTRU may determine that the reference PRS is scheduled to be received in a non-SBFD slot (or another particular location). If the WTRU does not receive the schedule for the reference PRS, the WTRU may determine to monitor for the reference PRS and determine whether the reference PRS is present and / or not in the non-SBFD slot(s).

[0230] In one example, the WTRU may determine to associate the measurement with SB ID. For example, if the WTRU receives PRS on SB1 and SB3 in the kth slot, the WTRU may determine to report respective measurement (e.g., RSRP) for each SB. For example, the WTRU may report, to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB), RSRPP for the PRS received on SB1 and PRS received on SB2 separately, by associating SB index to each measurement.

[0231] In another example, the WTRU may process measurements (e.g., average RSTD, average carrier phase, average RSRP, average RSRPP) obtained via received PRS in one and / or more SBs. Examples of processing are not limited to averaging, but also find the maximum and / or minimum value among the measurements may be included. The WTRU may report the processed measurements to the network, indicating that the reported measurement may be processed. The WTRU may indicate to the network how the measurements were processed (e.g, averaging).

[0232] In one example, the WTRU may determine to associate the RSTD measurements with PRS resource indices to indicate which PRSs (e.g, reference PRS, target PRS) are used to determine RSTD. The WTRU may include the association information in the measurement report. For example, the WTRU may indicate that the target PRS corresponds to PRS resource index #1 and reference PRS correspond to PRS resource index #4. The WTRU may include PRS resource set index and TRP ID in the measurement report.

[0233] In another example, the WTRU may be preconfigured with conditions to process the measurements made on PRSs received on more than one SBs in a slot. If the conditions are satisfied for SB(s), the WTRU may determine to process the measurements made on the SB(s). If the conditions are not satisfied, the WTRU may determine to report measurements separately, e.g, report measurement on received PRS on each SB. The examples of the conditions can be at least one of the following conditions: difference of ToA (Time of Arrival) between PRSs received on two SBs is within a preconfigured threshold, difference between ToA and average ToA of the PRSs received on SBs is within a preconfigured threshold, difference of RSRP and / or RSRPP between PRSs received on two SBs is within a preconfigured threshold, and SBs are in the same error group (e.g, timing error group, phase error group).

[0234] In another example, if there are no conditions preconfigured for the WTRU, the WTRU may determine to process the measurements made on the SB(s) in which PRS may be received.

[0235] In one example, the WTRU may report one measurement and / or more than one measurement based on PRS configuration. If one PRS configuration is used across SBs, the WTRU determine to report one measurement. If PRS configuration is per SB (e.g., comb pattern may be configured per SB, TRP may be configured per SB), the WTRU determine to report measurement per SB.

[0236] In one example, all SBs may be muted in a slot. If the WTRU does not receive any PRS on DL SB, the WTRU may not obtain measurements (e.g., RSTD).

[0237] The WTRU may determine to report measurement to the network (e.g., LMF). If the WTRU does not have measurements, the WTRU may indicate a cause for missing measurements (e.g., indicating why the measurement is not available, such as not able to receive PRS, RSRP of PRS is below the threshold).

[0238] In one example, the WTRU may determine the RSTD as follows. The WTRU may be configured, by the network, with a reference PRS and target PRS. The reference PRS may be scheduled in non-SBFD slot and / or SBFD slot. Based on the received reference PRS, the WTRU may determine ToA (e.g., reference ToA) for the reference PRS. In one example, ToA may be expressed in terms of symbol number and / or index, slot number and / or index, frame and / or subframe number and / or index, absolute time, and / or relative time with respect to a reference time. The WTRU may receive target PRS in non-SBFD slot and / or SBFD slot and determine its ToA. Based on the ToA of the reference PRS and target PRS, the WTRU may determine RSTD.

[0239] In one example, the WTRU may receive the reference PRS and target PRS in different slots.

[0240] In one example, if the WTRU does not determine the RSTD due to missing ToA of the reference PRS and / or target PRS, the WTRU may report the error cause to the network. The WTRU may not be able to measure the ToA of the PRS if the measurement conditions (e.g., RSRP and / or RSRPP below the preconfigured threshold, LOS indicator below the threshold) are not satisfied. The measurement may be associated with a PRS and the PRS may include an LOS or an RSRP.

[0241] In one example, if the WTRU is scheduled to receive target and / or reference PRS on more than one SBs (e.g., SB1 and SB3) in a slot, and the WTRU may receive PRS on a subset of SBs (e.g., SB3) in a slot, the WTRU may determine ToA of the PRS for the slot based on the ToA for the subset of SBs. The WTRU may determine ToA at least using one of the following.

[0242] The WTRU may determine ToA based on the averaged ToAs across SBs in a slot. The WTRU may choose one of the measured ToAs and indicate the SB index of the chosen ToA to the network. For example, if the WTRU measures ToA for PRS received on SB1 and ToA for PRS received on SB3, and may determine to choose ToA for the SB1 and may indicate to the network that the reported ToA may be associated with SB1.

[0243] The WTRU may determine the SB index and / or indices of the SB(s) whose PRS measurement(s) are used to drive the ToA where the aforementioned SB index and / or indices may be configured by the network.

[0244] The WTRU may determine to use the same set of SBs for the reference ToA and target ToA. For example, if the WTRU receives configurations from the network and / or determine, based on channel conditions, to use measurement for a specific SB index (e.g., SB1) to determine the target ToA, the WTRU may determine to use the measurement corresponding to the same SB index (e.g., SB1) to determine the reference ToA. In another example, the WTRU may determine to average ToAs across SBs to determine the reference ToA. To determine the target ToA, the WTRU may determine to average ToAs across SBs.

[0245] In another example, if the WTRU may receive reference (or target) PRS on a non-SBFD slot and target (or reference) PRS on a SBFD slot, the WTRU may determine the reference ToA based on measurements made on the non-SBFD slot. The WTRU may determine the target ToA based on measurements made on the SBFD slot.

[0246] In once case, the WTRU may receive SBFD configurations (e.g., configurations for DL and / or UL subbands) from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF).

[0247] The WTRU is scheduled to receive PRS over DL subbands and first slot (e.g., non-SBFD downlink slot) where the first slot is the reference PRS for RSTD computation.

[0248] The WTRU may receive two muting patterns (e.g., FD and TD muting patterns), one for time domain and another for sub-bands, associated with PRS from LMF.

[0249] The WTRU may receive an indication from the network to perform the DL-TDOA positioning method.

[0250] The WTRU may determine the FD-TD muting pattern (e.g., FD and TD muting patterns may be configured separately, and the WTRU may perform AND operation to determine the FD-TD muting pattern, see FIG. 2 for a potential pattern).

[0251] The WTRU may apply the FD-TD muting pattern to SBFD slot(s). The SBFD slots may contain at least two DL subbands and at least one UPL subband.

[0252] The WTRU may not apply the FD muting pattern to the non-SBFD slot(s) (e.g., the first and last slot in FIG. 2).

[0253] The WTRU may receive PRS and may determine may process the measurement (e.g., RSTD) at least based on the following. The measurement may be based on one or more received PRSs.

[0254] If the WTRU may receive PRS on both subbands, the WTRU may determine RSTD based on measurements on both subbands.

[0255] If the WTRU receives PRS on one of the DL subbands and if channel condition for the PRS (e.g., LOS, RSRP) for the DL subband is above the threshold, the WTRU may determine different types of TxRx window. RSTD may be based on the DL subband.

[0256] If the WTRU may not receive any PRS on DL subbands, the WTRU may not obtain RSTD.

[0257] The WTRU may send an indication of the determined measurement to the network. The WTRU may report RSTD measurements to the network. The WTRU may report an error if the WTRU does not obtain the RSTD. The error may be no measurement conditions are met. The WTRU may report an error if a measurement associated with a PRS does not exceed a threshold. The WTRU may receive an indication from the network to perform RSTD measurements. The WTRU may receive PRS in a slot of a DL transmission. The WTRU may determine an RSTD measurement based on the received one or more PRSs. The WTRU may send the RSTD measurement to the network.

[0258] The WTRU may receive, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, a first PRS in the first DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband is not muted and the second DL subband is muted. The WTRU may receive, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, the first PRS in the first DL subband and the second PRS in the second DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband and the second DL subband are not muted.

[0259] A TxRx window may be configured for flexible slots. Within a configured window, the WTRU may determine to receive PRS and / or transmit reference signal for positioning outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may determine to transmit reference signal for positioning outside of the active BWP if a condition(s) related to reception of PRS(s) is satisfied within the window.

[0260] A window may be configured for measurement and transmission outside of the active BWP across SBFD and non-SBFD slots. In one example, the WTRU may to receive PRS and / or DL reference signals (e.g, CSI-RS), signals (e.g, SSB) and / or DL channels (e.g, PDCCH) from TRP(s) in neighboring cell(s) outside of the active bandwidth (BW). In another example, the WTRU may to measure interference from neighboring and / or serving cells outside of the active BWP. In such a case, the WTRU may to measure outside of the active bandwidth, by switching band, bandwidth part and / or carrier. The WTRU may to pause transmission of uplink signals and / or channels and monitoring and / or receive downlink signals and / or channels within the active bandwidth.

[0261] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a window by the network during which the WTRU is not expected to measure downlink signals and / or channels within the active BWP and / or transmit uplink signals and / or channels within the active BWP.

[0262] In one example, the configuration or WTRU behavior for the TxRx window may be applicable during SBFD slots.

[0263] For a sake of brevity, the window is referred to as “TxRx window” in the cases herein.

[0264] In the following examples, PRS is used as an example of DL reference signals. However, the cases herein are not limited to PRS.

[0265] An example is illustrated in FIG. 15 where the WTRU may receive PRS from both serving cell and neighboring (e.g., non-serving) cell. In the example, the WTRU may be configured with 3 downlink slots. The WTRU may receive PRS (PRS1) from the serving cell within the active BWP in the first slot. Then the WTRU may receive PRS (PRS2) from the neighboring cell outside of the active BWP, requiring the WTRU to switch to the bandwidth outside of the active BWP to receive the PRS from the neighboring cell.

[0266] Another example is illustrated in FIG. 16 where the WTRU may be configured with SBFD and non- SBFD slots. In the example, the active BWP encompasses both downlink subbands and uplink subband. The WTRU may receive the reference PRS from the serving cell. To receive PRS2 from the neighboring cell, the WTRU may switch the carrier, band and / or BWP and measure the PRS outside the active BWP. The WTRU may receive configuration about PRSs transmitted from neighboring cells (e.g., center frequency, bandwidth, etc).

[0267] SBFD may be received outside of the active BWP. The bandwidth of the PRS received outside of the active BWP may be the bandwidth of a DL non-SBFD slot (e.g., slot #6 in FIG. 16) and / or that of the DL SB in a SBFD slot (e.g., BW of SB1 and / or SB3 in slot #7). In another example, the bandwidth of the PRS received outside of the active BWP may be determined as the bandwidth of a DL non-SBFD slot associated with a BWP-ID (e.g., a default and / or indicated BWP-ID) and / or that of the DL SB in a SBFD slot associated with a BWP-ID (e.g., a default and / or indicated BWP-ID), e.g., based on a multi-BWP-based SBFD operation scenario where each SBFD config may be associated with each BWP.

[0268] In another example, the WTRU can be configured with a combination of bandwidth the DL SBs in a SBFD slot. An example is illustrated in FIG. 17 where the WTRU may be configured to receive noncontiguous PRS, mapped over 2 SBs outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may receive configurations for PRS2 with a SBFD format (e.g., consisting of 2 DL SBs and 1 UL SB), indicating at least one of the following: center frequencies and / or relative difference in the center frequencies with respect to a reference frequency of the SBs, center frequency of the SBFD unit (e.g., consisting of DL SBs and UL SBs in the same time resource), duration of the signal outside of the active BWP, and bandwidth of each SB.

[0269] The reception time outside of the active BWP may not be aligned in the time domain with slot and / or frame within the active BWP due to timing misalignment between the serving cell and neighboring cell(s) and / or neighboring gNB(s).

[0270] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a window (e.g., TxRx window) by the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) during which the WTRU is not expected to receive DL signals and / or channels, and / or scheduled with transmission of uplink signals and / or channels. The parameters of the TxRx window, also configured by the network, may be at least one of the following and / or combination of the following:

[0271] Start and / or end time expressed in terms of absolute and / or relative time with respect to a reference, symbol index, slot index, frame index and / or subframe index, for example; and / or duration of the window expressed in terms of number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes and / or number of frames, for example. In one example, the WTRU may determine the duration of the window based on PRS configurations, SRSp configurations and / or numerology. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a mapping table that may associate a configuration (e.g., numerology, PRS and / or SRSp repetition factors, muting pattern) to the duration of the window (e.g., duration is expressed in terms of the number of slots) and the WTRU may determine the duration of the window based on the associated configuration.

[0272] The WTRU may determine the type of the window. In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a type of the TxRx window by the network. For example, the window may be configured such that the WTRU can make measurements on PRS outside of the active BWP. In another example, the window may be configured such that the WTRU can transmit reference signals outside of the active BWP. In another example, the WTRU may be configured with a window to receive PRS outside of the active BWP and transmit reference signals outside of the active BWP.

[0273] Relationship between slot type and determination of bandwidth of signal and / or channel outside of the active BWP may be determined. In one example, the WTRU may determine, explicitly (e.g, via configuration and / or indication from the network) and / or implicitly the configuration for the bandwidth (e.g, bandwidth for measurement and / or measurement bandwidth outside of the active BWP) of the signal and / or channel to receive outside of the active BWP.

[0274] In case of implicit determination, the WTRU may determine the bandwidth configuration of signal and / or channel outside of the active BWP based on the bandwidth configuration for active BWP and / or a second BWP with a BWP-ID (e.g, a default and / or indicated BWP-ID), e.g, based on the multi-BWP-based SBFD operation scenario. For example, during the duration that the WTRU may be configured with SBFDslots, the WTRU may determine that the bandwidth of the signal and / or channel to be received corresponds to the bandwidth of a SB and / or combination of the SBs.

[0275] An example is illustrated in FIG. 18 where the WTRU may determine that the bandwidth configuration for signals outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may determine that the bandwidth configuration (e.g., bandwidth for each SB, relative location of DL and / or UL SB with respect to each other) follows that of the SBFD slot during the interval where SBFD slots are scheduled and / or configured inside the active BWP (e.g., between slot#7 and slot #9 in the figure, slot#2 and slot#4 in the figure).

[0276] In another example, the WTRU may determine that the BW configuration for signal and / or channel outside of the active BWP follows the bandwidth configuration for a non-SBFD slot during the interval where non-SBFD slots may be configured and / or scheduled (e.g., between slot#5 and slot#6 in the figure, slot #1 , slot #10).

[0277] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a window where the WTRU can receive PRS outside the active BWP, and not allowed, and / or not scheduled to transmit reference signals and / or uplink channels during the window. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 20, the WTRU may be configured with a TxRx window which extends from slot #5 to slot #10. During the TxRx window, the WTRU may expect not to receive and / or be scheduled with any DL channels and / or signals within the active BWP. In the example, the start and end time for the window is slot#5 and slot#10, respectively.

[0278] There may be co-existence with a measurement gap. In one example, the WTRU may receive configurations for a measurement gap (MG) from the network. The WTRU may send a request for configuration of a measurement gap where the request may comprise details of requested configurations for the measurement gap. The configuration of a measurement gap may include at least one and / or combination of the followings: periodicity of a measurement gap; length of the measurement gap; time domain offset of the measurement gap; start and / or end time of the measurement where the start and / or end time may be expressed in terms and / or combination of absolute time, relative time with respect to a reference, symbol index, slot index, subframe index and frame index.

[0279] An illustration of the parameters for the measurement gap is shown in FIG. 19. During a measurement gap, the WTRU may not expect to be scheduled with DL reception and / or may not expect to make measurements inside the active BWP.

[0280] An example of configuration of a measurement gap over SBFD and non-SBFD slots is shown in FIG. 21. In one example, the WTRU may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP during the time interval where non-SBFD DL slot and measurement gap may overlap. An example of such time intervalis slot #1 and slot #6 in FIG. 21 . In the interval during the non-SBFD DL slot and measurement gap may not overlap, the WTRU may determine to receive DL channels and / or signals inside the active BWP and process measurements and / or make measurement on the may receive signal.

[0281] In another example, when the measurement gap encompasses both SBFD and non-SBFD slots, during the measurement gap, the WTRU may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP regardless of slot format (e.g., non-SBFD, SBFD). An example is shown in FIG. 22 where the WTRU may receive PRS (e.g., PRS2) outside the active BWP during a measurement gap.

[0282] In another example, when the measurement gap encompasses both SBFD and non-SBFD slots, the WTRU may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP if the slot is a non-SBFD DL slot and / or may comprise DL SB (e.g., slot#1 , #2, #3, #4, #6, #7, #8, #9 in FIG. 21). If the slot is a non-SBFD UL and / or flexible slot, and / or may not contain any DL SBs, the WTRU may determine to receive DL channels and / or signals inside the active BWP and process measurements and / or make measurement on the may receive signal.

[0283] In another example, the WTRU may receive an explicit indication from the network (e.g,. via RRC, LPP message), indicating which interval the measurement gap should be applied (e.g., measurement gap is active over non-SBFD downlink slots, measurement gap is active over non-SBFD downlink slots and / or SBFD slots with downlink SBs, measurement gap is active over the configured duration regardless of slot format).

[0284] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with both TxRx window and measurement gap. The WTRU may determine, based on explicit indication and / or implicitly, at least one and / or combination of the following:

[0285] Measurement gap may be prioritized over the TxRx window. For example, if during the measurement gap, the WTRU is expected to receive signals and / or channels outside of the active BWP during the non- SBFD DL slot(s), the WTRU may prioritize the measurement gap and may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP within the non-SBFD DL slot.

[0286] TxRx window may be prioritized over the measurement gap. For example, if during the measurement gap, the WTRU is expected to receive signals and / or channels outside of the active BWP during the non- SBFD DL slot(s), the WTRU may determine to, in addition to non-SBFD DL slot(s), receive signals and / or channels outside of the active BWP during SBFD slots which contain DL SBs.

[0287] In one example, the WTRU may determine the priority between TxRx window and measurement gap based on the priority level associated with the window and / or TxRx window. The WTRU may receive thepriority level associated with the window via a semi-static (e.g., RRC, LPP) and / or dynamic message (e.g, MAC-CE, DCI).

[0288] In one example, if the WTRU is configured with both measurement gap and TxRx window during a time interval, the WTRU may determine, based on the priority level associated with a measurement gap and / or TxRx window, a time interval during which the WTRU makes measurement outside of the active BWP. The determined time interval may be associated with the interlval of measurement gap and / or TxRx window.

[0289] An example of overlapped TxRx window and measurement gap is illustrated in FIG. 22 where the measurement gap and TxRx window overlap between slot#3 and slot#7. In this example, the WTRU behavior may be at least one of the following.

[0290] The WTRU may determine, based on the higher and / or high priority level associated with the measurement gap, the WTRU may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may not expect to receive DL signals and / or channels and / or transmit UL signals and / or channels within the active BWP during the measurement gap. During the duration of the TxRx window which may not overlap with the measurement gap (e.g., between slot#1 and slot#2 in FIG. 24), the WTRU may determine, based on configuration and / or indication received from the network, to receive DL signals and / or channels, and / or UL signals and / or channels within the active BWP according to the schedule and / or configurations it may receive.

[0291] The WTRU may determine, based on the higher and / or high priority level associated with the measurement gap, the WTRU may determine to make measurements outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may not expect to receive DL signals and / or channels and / or transmit UL signals and / or channels within the active BWP during the measurement gap. During the duration of the TxRx window which may not overlap with the measurement gap (e.g., between slot#1 and slot#2 in FIG. 24), the WTRU may determine, based on configuration and / or indication received from the network, to follow the configuration of the TxRx window and associated behavior (e.g., may measure outside of the active BWP and may not expect to be scheduled with DL signals and / or channels, and / or uplink signals and / or channels).

[0292] The WTRU may determine to prioritize measurement during the measurement gap. During the measurement gap, the WTRU may determine to make measurement outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may determine that the configuration of the TxRx window within and outside of the measurement gap.

[0293] The WTRU may determine to prioritize measurement during the measurement gap. During the measurement gap, the WTRU may determine to make measurement outside of the active BWP. The WTRU follows the configuration of the TxRx window outside of the measurement gap.

[0294] The WTRU may determine to prioritize configuration of the TxRx window over the measurement gap. During the TxRx window, the WTRU may determine, based on configuration and / or indication received from the network, to follow the configuration of the TxRx window and associated behavior (e.g., may measure outside of the active BWP and may not expect to be scheduled with DL signals and / or channels, and / or uplink signals and / or channels). In one example, the WTRU may determine that the measurement gap is invalid and may not make measurement outside of the active BWP during the non-overlapping portion of the measurement gap (e.g., between slot#8 and slot#10) in FIG. 24. In another example, the WTRU may determine to make measurement outside of the active BWP during the non-overlapping portion of the measurement gap (e.g., between slot#8 and slot#10) in FIG. 24.

[0295] There may be co-existence with a PPW / UL transmission window. In another example, the WTRU may receive configuration about PRS processing window (PPW) from the network. During a PPW, the WTRU may determine to prioritize between reception of PRS and DL signal and other channels within the active BWP. The WTRU may receive a priority level associated with the PPW. The WTRU may determine to prioritize reception of PRS over other DL signals (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB) and / or DL channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) according to the priority level associated with PPW.

[0296] In one example, if the configured PPW encompasses non-SBFD slot(s), the WTRU may determine prioritization between DL channels and DL signals during the non-SBFD slot(s). An example is illustrated in FIG. 25 where a PPW may be configured from slot#1 to slot#10. In the example, the WTRU may determine prioritization of reception between PRS and DL signals and / or DL channels in non-SBFD slots, namely slot#1 and slot#6, according to the prioritization level associated with the PPW.

[0297] In another example, the WTRU may receive configurations of a TxRx window and PPW window which overlap in the time domain. An example is illustrated in FIG. 26 where PPW and TxRx window overlap in the time domain.

[0298] In one example, when a PPW and TxRx window overlaps, the WTRU may determine to prioritize the first window (PPW and / or TxRx window) according to the configuration and / or predefined rule(s) (e.g., always prioritize PPW) during the overlapping period (e.g., slot #2 and slot #9 in FIG. 26). In non-overlapping period, (e.g., slot#1 and slot #10 in FIG. 26), the WTRU may determine that the second window (PPW and / or TxRx window) is invalid and / or follows the behavior expected for the second window (e.g., the WTRU makes measurement outside of the active BWP during a measurement gap, may measure outside of the active BWP and may not expect to be scheduled with DL signals and / or channels, and / or uplink signals and / or channels during a TxRx window).

[0299] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with a window where the WTRU can transmit a reference signal (e.g, SRSp, SRS) outside of active BWP. During the window, the WTRU may not be scheduled to receive DL reference signals and / or DL channels. In addition, the WTRU may not be scheduled to transmit uplink signals and / or channels in the active BWP. An example is illustrated in FIG. 23 where the WTRU may transmit SRS for positioning (SRSp) outside of the active BWP. Outside of the configured TxRx window, the WTRU may receive DL RS (e.g., reference PRS) and / or transmit UL RS and / or channel within the active BWP.

[0300] In one example, the WTRU may receive configurations and / or schedule information (e.g., via PDCCH) for transmission of SRSp (e.g., center frequency, bandwidth, periodicity, band index, BWP index, carrier index) outside the active BWP.

[0301] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with a window during which the WTRU can receive PRS and transmit UL reference signals outside of the active BWP. An example is illustrated in FIG. 3 where the WTRU may receive PRS2 and may transmit SRSp outside of the active BWP in non-overlapping time domain resources.

[0302] Turning to FIG. 23, a TxRx window may be configured with and / or without priority level associated with the window. If the WTRU is configured with a TxRx window without a prioirty, the WTRU may determine the type of the window (e.g., Tx window, Rx window and / or Rx & Tx window).

[0303] If the WTRU may receive a priority level for the window, the WTRU may determine to prioritize DL reception and / or UL transmission. The priority level for the window may be indicated as “high”, “low”, “medium”, for example. The WTRU may also receive priority level for DL channels and / or signals and / or UL channels and / or signals, and compare the priority level against that of the window.

[0304] In one example, if the WTRU is configured with a TxRx window with associated priority level and the WTRU may determine that a DL channel (e.g, PDCCH, PDSCH) with higher priority is to be received, the WTRU may determine to prioritize reception of DL channel (e.g, reception of the reference PRS) within the active BWP over PRS reception (e.g, reception of PRS2) outside the active BWP.

[0305] Conditions to cancel DL reception and / or UL transmission outside the active BWP within the TxRx window are disclosed herein. If the priority level of the window is lower than that of DL and / or UL channels and / or DL and / or UL signals, the WTRU may determine to cancel reception of PRS and / or transmission of UL RS outside the active BWP at least based on one of and / or combination of the following conditions. The examples below illustrate the case when the WTRU prioritizes DL reception over another DL reception. In a similar example, the WTRU can prioritize UL transmission over another UL transmission.

[0306] An example of the condition is when DL channels and / or signals with higher priority than the priority level of the window and / or high priority is scheduled at least at least N unit (e.g., examples of unit are milliseconds, seconds, slots, frames, subframes and / or symbols) prior to the start of the TxRx window. The WTRU may receive the parameter N from the network.

[0307] An example is illustrated in FIG. 28 where N = 3. The scheduling PDCCH that schedules PDSCH (e.g., may indicate the slot during which PDSCH can be received) may be received at slot #1 where the TxRx window may start at slot #5. In this case, since the scheduling indication and / or configuration may be received at least N slots before the start of the window, the WTRU may determine to cancel reception of the PRS (e.g., PRS2) from the neighboring cell. In one example, when the WTRU cancels the reception of PRS, the WTRU may determine not to make measurements on the PRS.

[0308] In another example, if the WTRU receives the scheduling PDCCH in slot #6 in the illustrated example in FIG. 28, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on PRS2 since the scheduling PDCCH was not received at least N slots from the start of the TxRx window.

[0309] The aforementioned examples describe cases where the WTRU may cancel reception of PRS from the neighboring cell when the high priority DL channel and / or signal is to be received within the TxRx window even the high priority DL channel may not overlap with the PRS in the time domain.

[0310] Turning to FIG. 29, in another example, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on PRS from the neighboring cell outside of the active BWP if the downlink channel and / or signals with high priority is scheduled at least T unit (e.g., examples of the unit are milliseconds, seconds, slots, frames, subframes and / or symbols) prior and / or after reception of PRS from the neighboring cell outside of the active BWP. In the example, a preconfigured time (e.g., the aforementioned T unit) may be employed for the WTRU to switch the BWP to active the BWP.

[0311] The WTRU may obtain TxRx window semi-statically and / or dynamically. In one example, the WTRU may receive configurations about the TxRx, Tx and / or Rx window from the NW via RRC message, LPP message, MAC-CE and / or DCI. In another example, the WTRU may determine to send a request to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) to configure the TxRx window.

[0312] In another example, the WTRU may determine to send a request to the network to activate and / or deactivate the TxRx window, based on preconfigured TxRx windows (e.g., list of TxRx windows with durations, periodicity, etc, where each configuration may be associated with an index). The WTRU may send the request via RRC message, LPP message, UL MAC-CE and / or UCI.

[0313] The WTRU may at least include an index of the TxRx window in the request. In another example, the WTRU may determine to include the priority level for the window in the request. When the WTRU sends a request for deactivation to the network, the WTRU may include index (or indices) currently activated TxRx window(s). The WTRU may receive an activation and / or deactivation command from the network for the request the WTRU sent. The WTRU may send an acknowledgement (ACK) and / or negative acknowledgement (NACK) message for the activation and / or deactivation command. The WTRU may determine to activate and / or deactivate the TxRx window the preconfigured duration (e.g., N slots) after the WTRU may send the ACK and / or NACK message. In the examples described herein, “TxRx window” may be used interchangeably with “Rx window” and / or “Tx window”.

[0314] In one example, the TxRx window can be configured for non-SBFD slots as shown in FIG. 30. For example, the WTRU may determine to receive PRS and / or transmit SRS in flexible slots in the TDD configuration shown in the figure. The WTRU may receive a TDD configuration from the network (e.g., via an RRC message). The WTRU may determine to receive DL-RS (e.g., PRS) and / or transmit UL-RS (e.g., SRSp) during the TxRx window. The WTRU may determine to transmit UL RS and / or receive DL RS inside and / or outside of the active BWP based on RS configurations. In one example, the WTRU may determine to measure for PRS and / or transmit SRSp outside of the active BWP according to the scheduled reception of PRS. In another example, the WTRU may determine to measure PRS and / or may transmit SRSp outside of the active BWP according to a configured window (e.g., expected RSTD with respect to the reception time of PRS within the active BWP). In one example, for reception and / or transmission inside the active BWP, the WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE) from the network (e.g., gNB) indicating that flexible slot(s) are converted to downlink and / or uplink slots.

[0315] The configuration for DL-TDOA and RTT may comprise a timeline for determination of measurements. In one example, the WTRU may receive the high priority for the window during which the WTRU may determine to receive PRS inside and / or outside of the active BWP, and transmit SRSp inside and / or outside of the active BWP.

[0316] In one example the WTRU may be configured with more than one positioning methods, consisting of at least one UL based positioning method (e.g., UL-TDOA) and DL based positioning method (e.g., DL- TDOA). In this case, the WTRU may be configured with a TxRx window by the network so that the WTRU can transmit SRSp and receive PRS during the TxRx window inside and / or outside of the active BWP.

[0317] In one example, the WTRU may be configured to perform both RTT positioning and DL-TDOA based positioning method. The WTRU may determine to use the same reference to for computation of WTRU Rx-Tx time and RSTD. The WTRU may transmit SRSp within the TxRx window if a condition is satisfied. The condition may be a time related condition which guarantees the transmission of SRSp within a valid interval with respect to a reference.

[0318] In one example, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp within the TxRx window if the WTRU may receive the target PRS within the expected RSTD from the ToA of the reference PRS. If the WTRU receives the target PRS the WTRU may determine RSTD based on ToA of the reference PRS and target PRS. If the WTRU transmits SRSp, the WTRU may determine, based on the configuration, WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the ToA of the target PRS and transmission time of SRSp.

[0319] The expected RSTD may be expressed in terms of time units (e.g., seconds, symbols, slots, frames, subframes) which may indicate the expected ToA of the target PRS with respect to the ToA of the reference PRS. For example, if the expected RSTD is T seconds, and ToA of the reference PRS is Tr (e.g., expressed in terms of absolute time), the expected time of arrival of the target PRS is Tr+T.

[0320] If the WTRU may not receive the target PRS within the expected RSTD, the WTRU may determine not to transmit SRSp. If the WTRU receives the target PRS outside of the expected RSTD, and the WTRU may determine not to transmit SRSp, the WTRU may report RSTD (e.g., difference between ToA of the target PRS and reference PRS) to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[0321] If the WTRU is not configured with the expected RSTD, the WTRU may transmit SRS at the available transmission occasion within N unit (e.g., slots, frames, subframes, seconds) from the reception timing of the reference PRS where N may be configured by the network. In one example, the WTRU may determine N based on the WTRU capability. The WTRU may report N to the network.

[0322] An example is illustrated in FIG. 3 where the WTRU may receive PRS (e.g., PRS2 in the figure) from TRP2, located in the neighboring cell, outside of the active BWP within the TxRx window and expected RSTD. The WTRU may determine to transmit SRS outside of the active BWP toward TRP2. The WTRU may report RSTD based on the time of arrival of the reference PRS (received in slot #3) and PRS. In addition, the WTRU may report WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the reception time of PRS2 and transmission time of SRS.

[0323] Exchange of signals among WTRU, LMF and gNB

[0324] An example of signal exchange among WTRU, LMF and gNB is shown in FIG. 31. In the example, the WTRU may receive SBFD configuration from the gNB. The WTRU may receive a positioning request from the LMF, indicating absolute time and / or timing to initiate positioning. The WTRU may receive PRS configuration from the LMF. The WTRU may receive SRSp configuration from the gNB. The WTRU may send a request to the gNB for configuration of a TxRx window via RRC message. The WTRU may receive TxRxconfiguration from the gNb for the request. The WTRU may receive PRS from TRPs. The WTRU may determine timing and / or whether to transmit SRSp based on the measurement of PRS. The WTRU may perform measurement processing on PRS and / or SRSp. The WTRU may send measurement report (e.g., RSTD, WTRU Rx-Tx difference) to the LMF.

[0325] In one case, the WTRU may be configured with DL-TDOA and RTT positioning method by the network. The WTRU may be configured with a TxRx window and associated parameters (e.g., duration, start / end time) by the network.

[0326] The WTRU may obtain PRS configuration (config) and associated SRSp configuration.

[0327] The WTRU may receive the reference PRS (e.g., orange PRS)

[0328] If the WTRU may be configured with expected RSTD (e.g., expected RSTD with respect to the ToA of the reference PRS).

[0329] If the WTRU may receive target PRS outside the active BWP within the expected RSTD time and the remaining time is greater than the threshold, the WTRU may transmit SRS outside of the active BWP at the next transmission occasion within the TxRx window.

[0330] The WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0331] The WTRU may determine WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the ToA of the target PRS and ToD for the SRSp.

[0332] If the WTRU may receive target PRS outside of the expected RSTD, the WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0333] If the WTRU is not configured with expected RSTD, the WTRU may transmit SRS outside the active BWP at the available transmission occasion within N slots from the reception timing of the reference PRS where N may be configured by the network.

[0334] The WTRU may determine RSTD based on the ToAs of the target PRS and reference PRS.

[0335] The WTRU may determine WTRU Rx-Tx time based on the ToA of the target PRS and ToD for the SRSp.

[0336] The WTRU may report RSTD and WTRU Rx-Tx time to the network if available.

[0337] Measurement behavior of non-SBFD PRS over SBFD slots is disclosed herein. When a cell consists of WTRUs who support SBFD slot may format or WTRUs who can support non-SBFD may format, the gNB and / or LMF may to configure separate PRS for the WTRUs which may increase overhead for signaling. To reduce the overhead, the WTRU configured with SBFD slots may receive configurations to receive PRS fornon-SBFD slots. Without configurations for measurements, the WTRU may not be able to report measurements correctly for positioning purpose.

[0338] Configuration of PRS over SBFD slots is disclosed herein. In one example, the WTRU may be configured with non-SBFD slots and SBFD slots as shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 32, the WTRU may be configured to receive PRS for non-SBFD slots in SBFD slots (e.g., slot #2, #3 and #4). In one example, the WTRU may receive PRS configurations (e.g., bandwidth, repetition factors) via broadcast (e.g., posSIB), groupcast and / or unicast (e.g., WTRU-specific and / or dedicated LPP and / or RRC message). The WTRU may receive configuration and / or indication from the network on how to perform measurements on the PRS. In the example, slot #1 is a non-SBFD DL slot and slot #2, #3 and #4 are SBFD slots.

[0339] Determination of prioritization for measurement from SBFD WTRU perspective is disclosed herein. In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a measurement window where the window may be associated with a priority level. Based on the priority level, the WTRU may determine the bandwidth, carrier(s), subband(s) and / or band(s) for measurement for PRS within the active BWP. The measurement window may encompass at least one SBFD slot. Based on the prioirty level, the WTRU may determine not to make measurements on PRS received on determined carrier(s), subband(s) and / or band(s). An example of the configuration of a measurement window is shown in FIG. 33.

[0340] An example is illustrated in FIG. 4 where the WTRU may be configured with a measurement window. The measurement bandwidth depends on the priority level associated with the window. For example, if the WTRU is scheduled to receive PRS on slot #1 , #2, #3 and #4. If the priority level of the window is high, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on the bandwidth of the PRS. If the priority level of the window is medium, the WTRU may determine to measure the band(s) associated with each slot. For example, for the non-SBFD slot, the WTRU may determine to make measurement on the bandwidth associated with the non-SBFD slot. If the slot is SBFD, the WTRU may determine to make measurement on DL SB(s) in the slot. If the priority level is low, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on the non-SBFD slots.

[0341] The WTRU may indicate the SB indices(s) on which the WTRU made measurements on in the measurement report. The WTRU may send the report to the network. For example, using the example illustrated in FIG. 4, if the priority of the window is medium, the WTRU may determine to report that the WTRU made measurements on SB#1 and SB#3 in slot #2, #3 and #4.

[0342] In another example, the WTRU may determine the bandwidth, subbands and / or bands to measure based on scheduled UL transmission (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH) on UL subbands. For example, if UL transmission is scheduled prior to receiving a schedule for DL reception of PRS (e.g., PUCCH is scheduledto be transmitted in UL SB in slot #3 in FIG. 32), the WTRU may determine to make measurements on PRS in DL SBs (e.g., make measurements on DL SBs in slot #3). If there is a collision between PRS and UL transmission in one of the SBFD slots, the WTRU may determine to make measurements in DL SBs in one of the following: in the slot that collision between UL transmission and DL reception of PRS occurs, and / or during the measurement window during which the collision between UL transmission and DL reception of PRS occurs.

[0343] The examples of the measurements are RSRP, RSRPP, RSTD, NR carrier phase, etc.

[0344] The WTRU may send a request to configure, activate and / or deactivate the measurement window. In one example, the WTRU may send a request to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) to configure, activate and / or deactivate the measurement window. The WTRU may send the request via RRC message, LPP message, UL MAC-CE and / or UCI.

[0345] The WTRU may receive more than one configuration for a measurement window (e.g., priority level associated with the window, duration, start / end time where duration may be expressed in terms of number of slots, and start / end time may be expressed of slot index, frame index, subframe index). The WTRU may send a request to configure, activate and / or deactivate one of the configured parameters for a measurement window by including the index associated with the parameter. The WTRU may include a priority level associated with the window, which may be configured by the network, in the request.

[0346] The WTRU may receive a grant for the request from the network for the request. The WTRU may receive a configuration, activation and / or deactivation message (e.g., via RRC, LPP, DCI, MAC-CE) indicating which index of the parameters will be configured, activated and / or deactivated. The WTRU may determine that the indicated measurement window will be configured, activated and / or deactivated at preconfigured duration (e.g., N slots) from the timing the WTRU may receive the message.

[0347] The WTRU may measure outside of the active BWP. In another example, the WTRU may determine to measure PRS with the bandwidth configured for non-SBFD DL slot outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may be configured with a measurement gap which encompasses the SBFD slots so that the WTRU can make measurement outside of the active BWP.

[0348] Determination of prioritization for measurement from non-SBFD WTRU perspective is disclosed herein. In one example, the WTRU which supports non-SBFD slots may receive PRS configuration for SBFD slots from the network via broadcast. An example is illustrated in FIG. 34 where the WTRU, which may be configured with non-SBFD slots (e.g, with a slot format DDDSU), may receive PRS for SBFD from TRPs. Since the PRS for SBFD slots may be configured for DL SBs, the WTRU may receive non-contiguous PRS.Another example is illustrated in the figure where the WTRU may be configured with SBFD slots (e.g., one non-SBFD DL slot, 3 SBFD slots, one non-SBFD UL slot).

[0349] For the WTRU configured with non-SBFD slots, the WTRU may make measurements (e.g., RSTD, RSRP, WTRU Rx-Tx difference) on non-contiguous PRS (e.g., PRS for SBFD slots), if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied.

[0350] The WTRU may make measurement on the band (e.g., corresponding to SB1 and SB3 in FIG. 34) whose RSRP and / or RSRPP is above the configured threshold. The subband in non-SBFD slots may be defined as a range in the frequency where the range may be indicated by the minimum and maximum frequency unit (e.g., resource element index, RB index, frequency value). Each subband may be associated with an index (e.g., SB1 , SB3 in FIG. 4).

[0351] TEG of the bands (e.g., corresponding to SB1 and SB3 in FIG. 34) is the same where the WTRU may receive TEG (timing error group) configuration from the network. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration from the network indicating that SB1 and SB3 belong to the same TEG.

[0352] The WTRU may determine that phase continuity among bands (e.g., between SB1 and SB3 in FIG. 34) is maintained (e.g., phase difference between SB1 and SB3 is less than the configured threshold).

[0353] Difference in RSRP and / or RSRPP between subbands (e.g., SB1 and SB3) may be less than the configured threshold.

[0354] If the WTRU makes measurement on one and / or subset of the subbands in non-SBFD slots, the WTRU may determine to report which subband’s measurement is used in the report by indicating the subband index.

[0355] In another case, the WTRU may determine DL-PRS configurations based on broadcast (e.g., posSIB).The WTRU may receive SBFD configurations. The WTRU may be configured with a measurement window (MW) with measurement priority level.

[0356] If the MW priority level is high, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink and uplink subbands on received PRS.

[0357] If the MW priority level is medium, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink subbands on received PRS. If the MW priority level is low, the WTRU may determine to make measurements on downlink slot.

[0358] The WTRU may report measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSTD) to the network.

[0359] Tx Cancellation behavior is disclosed herein. Prioritization of PRS / SRS / SRSp with other channels and / or signals is also disclosed herein.

[0360] In one example, the WTRU may be configured with a Tx priority window during which the WTRU is expected to prioritize, according to the priority level associated with the window, between SRSp transmission and reception of DL channel and / or signal. The WTRU may determine, from the configuration of the Tx priority window, the priority level associated with SRSp based on the priority level associated with the window.

[0361] The WTRU may drop SRSp outside and / or inside the active BWP based on the priority level of DL signal and / or channel received outside and / or inside the active BWP.

[0362] If at least one of the scheduled SRSp transmission is dropped during the Tx priority window, the WTRU may determine to may transmit SRSp in available slot(s). Based on the number of dropped transmissions in non-SBFD slots, the WTRU may determine configuration of the SRSp transmission in the available slot(s). The WTRU may determine to use available slots within the Tx priority window.

[0363] An example is illustrated in FIG. 5 where reception of DL channel (e.g. , PDSCH, PDCCH) may be prioritized over transmission of SRSp. In the example, since the priority level of the window is low, the WTRU may determine that the DL reception may be prioritized over SRSp transmission.

[0364] The WTRU may determine to prioritize DL reception and / or UL transmission according to configured collision rules. In an implementation, the WTRU may receive an indication on whether (or not) one and / or more positioning related signals have higher priority than transmission and / or reception in SBFD slot and / or symbol. In an example, the indication may comprise one and / or more PRSs have higher priority in a SBFD slot and / or symbol, where the WTRU may receive and measure the one and / or more PRSs without transmitting and / or receiving a signal on at least one subband in the SBFD slot and / or symbol. In an example, the indication may comprise one and / or more PRSs have lower priority in a SBFD slot and / or symbol, where the WTRU may transmit and / or receive a signal on at least one subband in the SBFD slot and / or symbol, without measuring the one and / or more PRSs. In an example, the indication may comprise one and / or more SRSp have higher priority in a SBFD slot and / or symbol, where the WTRU may transmit the one and / or more SRSp without transmitting and / or receiving a signal on at least one subband in the SBFD slot and / or symbol. In an example, the indication may comprise one and / or more SRSp have lower priority in a SBFD slot and / or symbol, where the WTRU may transmit and / or receive a signal on at least one subband in the SBFD slot and / or symbol, without transmitting the one and / or more SRSp.

[0365] Examples of transmission and / or reception occasions are illustrated in FIG. 35 where the WTRU is scheduled to transmit SRS in UL SBs and receive PDCCH in the DL SBs. The SRS transmission in slot#2 and slot#3 are transmission occasion#! and #2 respectively. The PDCCH reception in slot#4 is receptionoccasion #1. The reception occasion may be defined per SB. For example, PDCCH reception in SB1 and SB2 may be reception occasion #1-1 and #1-2, respectively.

[0366] The WTRU may determine the priority of the Tx priority window via a semi-static message (e.g., RRC, LPP) and / or dynamic message (e.g.., DCI, MAC-CE). The priority of the Tx priority window may be indicated with priority level, e.g., “high”, “low”, and / or numerically, e.g., 0 for “low”, 2 for “high”, 1 for “medium”. The WTRU may determine which signals and / or channels to prioritize for reception based on the priority level associated with the window. For example, if the priority level of the Tx priority window is “high”, the WTRU may determine that transmission of SRSp has higher priority than reception of DL channels and / or signals. If the priority level of the Tx priority window is “low”, the WTRU may determine drop and / or cancel transmission of SRSp and prioritize reception of DL channels and / or DL signals.

[0367] If the priority level of the Tx priority window is “medium”, the WTRU may determine to prioritize reception of predefined and / or preconfigured signal and / or channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH). For example, the WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, LPP message) from the network to prioritize reception of PDCCH over SRSp transmission.

[0368] The WTRU may determine prioritization of reception DL signals and / or channels and / or transmission of UL signals and / or channels based on the location of the signal and / or channel in the frequency domain (e.g., inside and / or outside of the active BWP). For example, the WTRU may determine that reception and / or transmission outside of the active BWP may be associated with “high” priority. The WTRU may determine that reception and / or transmission inside of the active BWP may be associated with “low” priority. Therefore, for example, if transmission of SRSp outside of the active BWP collides with reception of DL channel within the active BWP, the WTRU may determine to prioritize the transmission of SRSp outside of the active BWP. In another example, the WTRU may receive configuration and / or indication from the network, indicating priority of transmission and / or reception outside and / or inside of the active BWP. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication from the network that transmission outside of the active BWP may be associated with high priority.

[0369] Examples of collision described in the disclosure may be characterized as follows.

[0370] Reception of DL signal (e.g., CSI-RS) and / or DL channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) overlap in time and / or frequency resources within the active BWP with transmission of UL signal (e.g., SRSp) and / or UL channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH) within the active BWP. An example is illustrated in FIG. 34 where transmission occasion of SRS and reception of PDSCH collide, overlapping in time domain. In this example, the WTRU may determine to deprioritize transmission of SRS over the collision.

[0371] Reception of DL signal (e.g., CSI-RS) and / or DL channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) overlap in time and and / or frequency resources within the active BWP with transmission of UL signal (e.g., SRSp) and / or UL channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH) outside of the active BWP. An example is illustrated in FIG. 35 where the transmission of SRS outside of the active BWP collide with reception of PDSCH within the active BWP. In this example, the WTRU may determine to prioritize reception of PDSCH within the active BWP.

[0372] Reception of DL signal (e.g., CSI-RS) and / or DL channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) overlap in time and and / or frequency resources outside the active BWP with transmission of UL signal (e.g., SRSp) and / or UL channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH) within of the active BWP. An example is illustrated in FIG. 36 where the transmission of SRS inside of the active BWP collide with reception of PRS outside the active BWP. Since PRS may overlap with two of the SRSp transmission occasions, the WTRU may determine to cancel the SRSp transmissions that overlap with the PRS.

[0373] FIG. 37 shows an example of collision between transmission of SRS outside the active BWP and reception of PRS outside the active BWP where transmission of SRS is deprioritized. FIG. 38 shows an example of collision between transmission of SRS within the active BWP and reception of PRS outside the active BWP where transmission of SRS is prioritized. In one example, the WTRU may certain duration to switch its transmission and / or reception hardware from downlink SB to uplink SB, and / or vice versa. If transmission and reception is scheduled within the certain duration, the WTRU may not be able to switch transmission and / or reception hardware on time, missing scheduled transmission and / or reception. In this case, the WTRU may to determine that transmission and reception collide, and determine to prioritize either transmission and / or reception.

[0374] For example, if the WTRU is scheduled to receive and / or transmit first signal and / or channel within a preconfigured duration from the start and / or end of transmission and / or reception of second signal and / or channel, the WTRU may determine that first and second signal and / or channel collide. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a duration N (e.g., unit can be symbols, slots, frames, subframes, seconds). If the WTRU is scheduled to transmit SRSp and the transmission ends at T, and the WTRU is scheduled to receive PDCCH at T+N1 where N1 <N, the WTRU may determine that the PDCCH and SRSp collide and determine to prioritize either PDCCH and / or SRSp according to configured collision rules. An example is illustrated in FIG. 39 where the WTRU is scheduled to receive PDCCH after N1 unit (e.g., symbols, slots, frames, subframes, seconds) after transmission of SRSp.

[0375] In another example, the WTRU may be scheduled to transmit SRSp at time T. As illustrated in FIG. 39, if the reception of PDCCH is to be completed at T-N1 where N1 <N, the WTRU may determine that SRSpand PDCCH collide. FIG. 40 illustrates reception of PDCCH within the configured duration before SRSp transmission.

[0376] Cancellation behavior is disclosed herein. In case of collision, in one example, the WTRU may determine to cancel the transmission and / or reception occasion that collided with higher priority signal and / or channel. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 42, the WTRU may determine to cancel transmission of SRSp which collided with PDSCH with a high and / or higher priority level. In the example, the SRSp collided PDSCH in slot#2 and the WTRU may determine to drop transmission of SRSp in slot#2. However, in slot#3 and slot#4, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp since there are no collision in the slots.

[0377] In another example, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp in symbols that may not overlap with DL channel with higher priority. For example, if there are collision between SRSp and PDCCH at higher priority at symbol#1 and symbol#6 and the scheduled SRSp was to be transmitted from symbol#1 to symbol #14, the WTRU may determine transmit SRSp from symbol #7 to #14. An example is illustrated in FIG. 41 where the WTRU the collision occurs between symbol#1 and symbol#6 of SRSp and PDCCH. The WTRU may determine to cancel transmission of SRSp from symbol#1 to symbol#6 and may determine to receive PDCCH. Between symbol#? and #14, the WTRU may determine to transmit the scheduled SRSp.

[0378] In another example, the WTRU may determine to cancel all transmissions and / or receptions of associated occasions within the Tx priority window. An example is illustrated in FIG. 43. In the example, the WTRU may be configured to transmit repetitions of SRSp within the window during which SRSp may be associated with low priority. If the WTRU determines that there is a collision between DL reception and the SRSp transmission, the WTRU may determine to cancel all SRSp transmission within the window.

[0379] If the WTRU may receive the scheduling DL channel (e.g., PDCCH) which scheduled reception of DL channel within the Tx priority window at least N units (e.g., slots, frames, symbols, subframes, seconds) before the start of the reference point (e.g., start of the Tx priority window, start of the first transmission in the Tx priority window, start of the first transmission of SRSp), and the WTRU may determine that there is a collision between the scheduled DL channel and SRSp transmission, the WTRU may determine to prioritize between reception of the DL channel and SRSp transmission. If the WTRU receives the scheduling DL channel within N units, the WTRU may determine to prioritize the scheduled SRSp transmission (e.g., the WTRU may not receive the scheduled DL channel) even there is a collision between scheduled DL channel and the SRSp.

[0380] Determination of parameters for SRSp for dropped SRSp is disclosed herein. In one example, based on the number of dropped occasions the SRSp in the SBFD slots, the WTRU may determine the configurationof the SRSp in non-SBFD. For example, the WTRU may receive a mapping table associating the number of SRSp dropped in the SBFD slots. For example, the mapping table may associate 4-comb pattern SRSp for one dropped occasion of the SRSp. The table may associate 2-comb pattern SRSp for two dropped occasions of the SRSp. The table may associate 1-comb pattern SRSp for three dropped occasions of the SRSp. Based on the associated comb pattern for the number of dropped occasions of SRSp, the WTRU may determine the comb pattern for the SRSp to be transmitted in the non-SBFD slot.

[0381] The WTRU may determine at least one and / or combination of the following SRSp configurations based on the number of dropped transmission occasions of SRSp

[0382] The WTRU may determine the number of repetitions based on the based on the number of dropped transmission occasions of SRSp. For example, if the number of dropped transmission occasions is 1 the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp once. If the number of dropped transmission occasions is 1 the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp with two repetitions. The WTRU may determine to transmit the repetitions of SRSp based on available resources (e.g., slots). For example, if the WTRU determines that three repetitions of SRSp may utilize to be transmitted and there is one available slot, the WTRU may determine to transmit one occasion of SRSp in the available slot.

[0383] The WTRU may determine the bandwidth based on the number of dropped transmission occasions of SRSp. For example, the number of dropped occasions may be associated with different bandwidth (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 20RBs, 10RBs)

[0384] The WTRU may be scheduled with available non-SBFD and / or SBFD slots for transmission of SRSp. The WTRU may determine to use at least one of the available slots for transmission of SRSp whose configuration may be determined based on dropped SRSp transmission.

[0385] In another example, the WTRU may be configured with at least one non-SBFD slot and SBFD slot. The WTRU may receive an indication and / or configuration from the network to use non-SBFD slot and / or SBFD slot for transmission of SRSp for the dropped SRSp occasions. In another example, the WTRU may determine to use non-SBFD slot and / or SBFD slot based on at least one of the following.

[0386] Based on availability. For example, if the non-SBFD slot is available, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp in the non-SBFD slot

[0387] Based on indication from the network. If the WTRU indicates (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI) to use a non-SBFD slot, the WTRU may determine, based on the indication from the network, to use the non-SBFD slot. The indication may include the slot index and / or the slot offset at which the WTRU may transmit the configured and / or determined SRSp.

[0388] Sending a request to configure, activate and / or deactivate the Tx priority window is disclosed herein. In one example, the WTRU may send a request to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) to configure, activate and / or deactivate the Tx priority window. The WTRU may send the request via RRC message, LPP message, UL MAC-CE and / or UCI.

[0389] The WTRU may receive more than one configurations for a Tx priority window (e.g., priority level associated with the window, duration, start / end time where duration may be expressed in terms of number of slots, and start / end time may be expressed of slot index, frame index, subframe index). The WTRU may send a request to configure, activate and / or deactivate one of the configured parameters for a Tx priority window by including the index associated with the parameter. The WTRU may include a priority level associated with the Tx priority window, which may be configured by the network, in the request.

[0390] The WTRU may receive a grant for the request from the network for the request. The WTRU may receive a configuration, activation and / or deactivation message (e.g., via RRC, LPP, DCI, MAC-CE) indicating which index of the parameters will be configured, activated and / or deactivated. The WTRU may determine that the indicated Tx priority window will be configured, activated and / or deactivated at preconfigured duration (e.g., N slots) from the timing the WTRU may receive the message.

[0391] An example of the signal exchange for the case is shown in FIG. 44. As illustrated in FIG. 44, the WTRU may receive the SBFD configurations from the gNB. The WTRU also may receive a positioning request (e.g., absolute time and / or timing the WTRU should initiate positioning), the WTRU may receive SRSp configurations from the gNB via RRC, for example. The WTRU may send a request to the gNB for configuration of Tx priority window configuration where the request may contain preferred configurations for the Tx priority window (e.g., duration, priority level). As the response for the request, the WTRU may receive the configuration for Tx priority window from the gNB. The WTRU may receive DL reception schedule (e.g., reception of PDCCH, PDSCH) and SRSp transmission schedule from the gNB. The WTRU may determine to prioritize reception for DL channels and SRSp transmission based on the priority of the window. The WTRU may determine the SRSp transmission timing according to the outcome of prioritization determination (e.g., determine transmission timing of SRSp based on the number of dropped SRSp transmission occasions). The WTRU may transmit SRSp to TRPs and / or RPs. Based on the measurements on SRSp, the gNB may report measurement results to the LMF.

[0392] In another case, the WTRU may receive SBFD configurations from the network. The WTRU may receive configurations for SRSp (e.g., comb patterns, BW for SRSp in SBFD uplink, BW for SRSp in theuplink slot) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). The WTRU may receive configurations for a Tx priority window (e.g., start / end time, duration in slots) from the network.

[0393] The WTRU may receive the priority level for the Tx priority window (e.g., the WTRU may apply the same priority to SRSp during the window) during which the WTRU may determine priority between reception of downlink channel and transmission of SRSp.

[0394] If the WTRU determines to drop at least one of the transmission of SRSp on UL subband (e.g., may determine to transmit higher priority PUCCH instead of the SRSp at least N slots before the Tx priority window, may determine to receive higher priority PDCCH over the SBFD UL symbols at least N slots before the Tx priority window, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp in the uplink slot, if the uplink slot is available and the uplink slot is within the window.

[0395] The WTRU may determine the configuration of SRSp to be transmitted in the slot based on the number of SRSps dropped during the Tx priority window (e.g., if all SRSps are dropped, comb-1 SRSp may be transmitted in the slot, if one SRSp is dropped, comb-4 SRSp may be transmitted in the slot).

Claims

CLAIMS:1 . A wireless transmit I receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a processer and memory, wherein the processor and memory are configured to: receive a subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration from a network indicating a plurality of subbands; receive information indicating a time domain (TD) muting pattern and a frequency domain (FD) muting pattern associated with positioning reference signals (PRS); based on the TD and FD muting patterns, receive in a first slot of the downlink transmission (i) a first PRS in a first downlink (DL) subband or (ii) the first PRS in the first DL subband and a second PRS in a second DL subband, wherein the first slot comprises at least two DL subbands and at least one uplink (UL) subband, and wherein the first slot is not muted according to the TD muting pattern; determine a first measurement based on (i) the received first PRS or (ii) the received first and second PRSs; and send an indication of the determined first measurement to the network.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor and memory are configured to: receive an indication from the network to perform reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements; receive a third PRS in a third slot of a downlink (DL) transmission; determine an RSTD measurement based on the received third PRS and one or more of (i) the received first PRS or (ii) the received first and second PRSs; and send the RSTD measurement to the network.

3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the processor and memory are configured to report the RSTD measurement when the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS exceeds a threshold.

4. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS comprises a line of sight (LOS) or a reference signal received power (RSRP).

5. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to report an error that no measurement conditions are met if the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS does not exceed the threshold.

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor and memory are configured to determine an FD-TD muting pattern based on the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern, and wherein the FD-TD muting pattern is determined by performing an AND operation using the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern.

7. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein the processor and memory are configured to apply the determined FD-TD muting pattern to the first slot.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor and memory are configured to: receive, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, the first PRS in the first DL subband when theFD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband is not muted and the second DL subband is muted; and receive, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, the first PRS in the first DL subband and the second PRS in the second DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband and the second DL subband are not muted.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of subbands comprises at least two DL subband and at least one UL subband.

10. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the indication of the measurement to the network further comprises a report of the RSTD measurement or an indication of an error.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving a subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration from a network indicating a plurality of subbands; receiving information indicating a time domain (TD) muting pattern and a frequency domain (FD) muting pattern associated with positioning reference signals (PRS);based on the TD and FD muting patterns, receiving in a first slot of the downlink transmission (i) a first PRS in a first downlink (DL) subband or (ii) the first PRS in the first DL subband and a second PRS in a second DL subband, wherein the first slot comprises at least two DL subbands and at least one uplink (UL) subband, and wherein the first slot is not muted according to the TD muting pattern; determining a first measurement based on (i) the received first PRS or (ii) the received first and second PRSs; and sending an indication of the determined first measurement to the network.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: receiving an indication from the network to perform reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements; receiving a third PRS in a third slot of a downlink (DL) transmission; determining an RSTD measurement based on the received third PRS and one or more of (i) the received first PRS or (ii) the received first and second PRSs; and sending the RSTD measurement to the network.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: reporting the RSTD measurement when the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS exceeds a threshold.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS comprises a line of sight (LOS) or a reference signal received power (RSRP).

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: reporting an error that no measurement conditions are met if the determined first measurement associated with the first PRS or the first and second PRS does not exceed the threshold.

16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: determining an FD-TD muting pattern based on the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern, and wherein the FD-TD muting pattern is determined by performing an AND operation using the FD muting pattern and the TD muting pattern.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying the determined FD-TD muting pattern to the first slot.

18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: receiving, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, the first PRS in the first DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband is not muted and the second DL subband is muted; or receiving, in the first slot of the downlink transmission, the first PRS in the first DL subband and the second PRS in the second DL subband when the FD muting pattern indicates that the first DL subband and the second DL subband are not muted.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of subbands comprises at least two DL subband and at least one UL subband.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the indication of the measurement to the network comprises a report of the RSTD measurement or an indication of an error.

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