Suction device for separating building rubble and construction machine comprising such a suction device

Abstract

Suction device (7) for separating construction waste (1), comprising: - a suction pipe (3) with a suction nozzle (2) for sucking in construction waste (1), - a suction blower (4) connected to the suction pipe (3) on the suction side for generating a volume flow capable of carrying construction waste (1), and - a receiving container (6) connected to the suction blower (4) on the pressure side for receiving sucked-in construction waste (1), wherein the suction pipe (3) limits a flow cross-section of the volume flow passing through the suction pipe (3), and the suction pipe (3) and the suction blower (4) are dimensioned such that an average flow velocity, which is determined by the quotient of the volume flow generated or generateable by the suction blower (4) and the flow cross-section limited by the suction pipe (3), assumes a value in the range between 10 m / s and 100 m / s.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a suction device for separating construction waste and a construction machine, in particular an excavator or wheel loader, with such a suction device.

[0002] Suction dredgers or dredger vessels are known from the prior art and are designed to pneumatically convey mineral building materials or raw materials via a suction line. The blowers intended for this application are typically very powerful and can generate a considerable volume flow, thus enabling the pneumatic conveying of mineral material up to a grain size of approximately 20 cm or more.

[0003] European patent EP 3 283 695 B1, for example, describes a suction dredger in which a fan unit generates an airflow so that material can be sucked into a suction hose and transported to a separator. The fan unit is located downstream of the separator in the direction of airflow and is additionally separated from it on the suction side by a filter unit.

[0004] German utility model DE 20 2005 005 671 U1 relates to a suction excavator comprising a chassis with a powered suction blower mounted on it, a suction nozzle connected to the suction blower, and a container arranged between the suction nozzle and the suction blower for separating and collecting suctioned material. For emptying the container, it is adjustable about a tilting axis extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the chassis.

[0005] In the field of street cleaning, in particular from DE 44 15 661 A1, sweeper vacuum machines with roller brushes, disc brushes, suction funnel, suction pipe, fan and filter separator, to which, for example, a bunker for the temporary separation of fine dust is assigned, and a large refuse container are also known.

[0006] FR 2 789 414 describes and illustrates a mobile maintenance machine for cleaning road gutters, which has a swiveling cleaning head with a rotary milling cutter to which a suction hose is connected, through which soil, leaves, or debris can be vacuumed into a collection container. Separation of lighter particles from heavier ones is not provided.

[0007] A similar cleaning machine is the subject of utility model DE 295 08 516 U1, which shows a mobile suction system for excavating supply channels at the roadside, wherein the suction hose is connected to a suction blower which is housed in a collection container in which a centrifugal separator and a gravity separator provide for separating the suctioned solid particles from the suction air.

[0008] Demolition and renovation of buildings generate construction debris that must be disposed of. Disposing of such debris as mixed waste is costly and, moreover, does not align with the principles of sustainability. Even minor conversions, extensions, or modernizations typically leave behind old ceramic tiles, plastics, wood, wall panels (e.g., made of polystyrene), painted windows and doors, concrete elements, masonry, and insulation materials such as mineral wool, rock wool, and / or glass wool, as well as other building materials.

[0009] The invention aims to provide a device that facilitates the separation of construction waste typically generated during construction work.

[0010] This problem is solved by a suction device for separating construction waste with the features of claim 1 or by a construction machine with the features of claim 9.

[0011] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0012] The suction device for separating construction debris includes A suction pipe with a suction nozzle for drawing in construction debris, a suction blower connected to the suction pipe on the suction side to generate a volume flow capable of carrying the construction debris, and a collection container connected to the suction blower on the pressure side to collect the drawn-in construction debris. The suction pipe limits the flow cross-section of the volume flowing through it. Furthermore, the suction pipe and the suction blower are dimensioned such that the average flow velocity is between 10 m / s and 100 m / s. This average flow velocity is determined by the quotient of the volume flow generated or that can be generated by the suction blower and the flow cross-section limited by the suction pipe.

[0013] It is proposed that the different materials contained in construction debris be separated using pneumatic conveying. Essentially, the conveying capacity of the suction blower is selected or designed based on the flow cross-section defined by the suction pipe, enabling the selective conveying of specific particles or materials. It has been found that the strength of a particular airflow or volume flow relative to a specific flow cross-section causes particles with higher average density or a higher specific gravity (also called unit weight) to fall to the ground or remain there due to their weight. Conversely, particles with lower average density are drawn in. This allows for the simple separation of the substances or materials contained in the construction debris.To separate light construction debris, such as insulation materials, from heavier construction debris, such as rubble, it is advisable to predefine and adjust the average flow velocity in the suction pipe so that it reaches a value between 10 m / s (meters per second) and 100 m / s. Separating the construction debris, especially on the construction site itself, can significantly facilitate the subsequent recycling of the different materials.

[0014] In possible embodiments, the suction pipe provides a substantially open connection for the suction of construction debris. Typically, the suction pipe is essentially an open tube with a nearly constant diameter, so that the flow cross-section is determined by the inner diameter or the cross-sectional area of ​​the tube. In the case of constrictions within the suction pipe, the flow cross-section may be determined by the smallest cross-sectional area of ​​the suction pipe. It is understood that the geometric design of the cross-section of both the suction inlet and the suction pipe is virtually arbitrary and may, in particular, deviate from circular or ellipsoidal shapes.

[0015] Preferably, the flow cross-section is determined by the size of the cross-sectional area of ​​the suction pipe in the area of ​​the suction mouth.

[0016] To dimension the defined flow cross-section, certain configurations provide for the use of suction pipes with predetermined inner diameters or cross-sectional areas. The volumetric flow rate is dimensioned, for example, by varying the delivery capacity of the suction blower. In possible embodiments, the maximum delivery capacity of the suction blower is designed to such an extent that the volumetric flow rate generated by the suction blower, for a given flow cross-section, enables the selective conveying of materials whose average density (or specific gravity) is below a predetermined limit.

[0017] Preferably, the suction pipe and the suction blower are dimensioned such that the average flow velocity is in the range of 15 m / s to 35 m / s, particularly a value of approximately 25 m / s. Such a design is advantageous when lighter insulation materials, especially mineral wool, rock wool, and / or glass wool, are to be separated from heavier materials, such as fragments of masonry, stones, and / or fragments of wood, ceramics, composite materials, and even sand. Insulation materials, especially mineral wool or glass wool, have the property of disintegrating into small pieces with a fiber length of only a few centimeters. Such light fibers often spread over a large area of ​​the construction site in a short time and are therefore generally difficult to dispose of.The proposed suction device facilitates the effective and timely disposal of such substances, which are particularly problematic with regard to potential environmental and / or health damage.

[0018] Preferably, the suction device has first fastening means for detachable attachment to a construction machine, in particular to the boom of an excavator or wheel loader. In other words, the suction device is designed as an interchangeable device that can be detachably attached to a construction machine, in particular by means of force-fit and / or positive locking. For example, the first fastening means include receptacles for transport forks or hooks, bolts, or the like, which are designed to form a detachable connection with correspondingly complementary second fastening means of the construction machine in a manner known per se.

[0019] Preferably, the suction pipe is movably mounted. Particularly preferably, the suction pipe is movable in three dimensions, so that the largest possible area of ​​the construction site can be reached. In possible embodiments, the suction pipe can be moved manually or by means of a motor, in particular by means of hydraulic or pneumatic actuators.

[0020] In advantageous embodiments, the suction blower comprises at least one fan, in particular a radial blower.

[0021] The invention also relates to a construction machine with such a suction device. Significant technical advantages of such a construction machine arise directly from the preceding description with regard to the suction device.

[0022] The suction device can be detachably connected to the construction machine. This allows, for example, suction devices of different dimensions, with varying conveying capabilities, to be attached to and exchanged on the construction machine, thus enabling the targeted disposal of different materials.

[0023] In other designs, the suction device is permanently attached to the construction machine.

[0024] Preferably, the construction machine has a second fastening means with a complementary mode of operation to the first fastening means of the suction device. For example, the second fastening means include transport forks, bolts, hooks, or the like, which interact with correspondingly complementary receptacles or eyelets. It is understood that the specific design of the first and second fastening means is virtually arbitrary, as long as their complementary mode of operation ensures sufficient fastening. For this purpose, a variety of plug-in, screw, or snap-fit ​​connections of different designs are particularly possible and provided for.

[0025] In preferred embodiments, the suction device is attached at its end to a boom of the construction machine. For example, the suction device is attached at its end to a boom that is preferably motor- or hydraulically movable, allowing it to be moved flexibly within the space. Attaching it to the head of the construction machine also advantageously increases the operating radius of the suction device within which construction debris can be collected. In specific embodiments, the suction device is provided on the construction machine, for example, in place of a typical wheel loader's backhoe bucket or a typical excavator's backhoe bucket.

[0026] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the figures. These show: Figure 1: a suction device for separating construction debris in a schematic perspective view, Figure 2: the suction device of the Fig. 1in a schematic sectional view, Figure 3: a construction machine with the suction device of the Fig. 1 Figure 4: another construction machine with the suction device of the Fig. 1 Figure 5: a variant of the Figure 1 and Figure 6: another variant.

[0027] Identical or corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all drawing figures.

[0028] Figures 1 and 2 Figure 1 shows a suction device 7 for separating construction debris 1 in schematic diagrams. The suction device 7 comprises a suction pipe 3 with a suction nozzle 2 arranged at its end for sucking in construction debris 1, a suction blower 4 for generating an air or volume flow capable of carrying the construction debris 1, and a collection container 6 for receiving the sucked-in construction debris 1. The bag-like collection container 6 is attached to a support housing 12 by means of suspension eyelets 11.

[0029] The suction pipe 3 is connected to the suction side of the suction blower 4, which may include one or more fans, in particular radial fans. The receiving container 6 is located downstream of the suction blower 4, i.e., on the pressure side of the suction blower 4.

[0030] Alternatively, the suction blower 4 can be positioned in or after the container 6, with a post-cleaning function. Another alternative for generating a vacuum would be to connect a Venturi nozzle to the suction line 7.

[0031] In the illustrated embodiment, the suction pipe 3 has a largely constant inner diameter, which essentially determines the flow cross-section of the volume flow passing through the suction pipe 3 during operation. The suction device 7 is configured such that only relatively light materials are picked up in the area of ​​the suction nozzle 2 and / or deposited in the receiving container 6. For this purpose, the suction pipe 3 and the suction blower 4 are dimensioned such that the ratio of the generated or generateable volume flow to the flow cross-section assumes a value in the range between 10 m / s and 100 m / s. This ratio is also referred to in this description as the average flow velocity.

[0032] Such a dimensioning of the suction device 7 enables the selective transport or disposal of certain substances typically contained in construction waste, thus providing a simple means of separating construction waste. It has been found that an average flow velocity of approximately 25 m / s is particularly advantageous for separating insulation materials made of mineral wool, rock wool, and / or glass wool.

[0033] The receiving container 6 is open at the top or at least not gas-tight to prevent backflow. For example, the receiving container 6 is partially covered by a tarpaulin 5, thus promoting the deposition of airborne material inside the receiving container 6.

[0034] The suction device 7 is designed as an interchangeable device for attachment to a construction machine 10 and for this purpose has first fastening means 8 which form a force-fit and / or form-fit connection with correspondingly complementary second fastening means 9 of the construction machine 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the suction device 7 is designed for detachable attachment and includes receptacles for fastening screws such as bolts or the like.

[0035] The suction pipe 3 is movable, in particular mounted on a pendulum, and in a preferred embodiment can be adjusted by means of a motor or by means of actuators not shown in detail, in particular hydraulic actuators. A simple pendulum suspension without further actuators has the advantage that the suction pipe 3 always aligns itself in the direction of gravity. In an alternative, the suction inlet 2 is rigidly attached to the suction pipe 3 ( Fig. 6 ) and is moved across the ground with it.

[0036] Figures 3 and 4 show possible designs in which the suction device 7 is attached to the head end of a construction machine 10. Figure 3 Figure 1 shows an embodiment in which the suction device 7 is attached to a boom of an excavator. Figure 4 Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment using a wheel loader. In both cases, the mobility of the existing boom can be advantageously used to ensure flexible use of the suction device 7, particularly on a construction site.

[0037] The suction device 7 according to the invention uses a commercially available suction blower 4, which is driven by a commercially available motor. Additionally, the rotor of the blower 4 can be equipped with shredding tools, for example sharp edges or knives, to shred lighter foreign bodies such as films or plastic particles before they enter the collection container 6, which can thus be optimally filled.

[0038] At the in Figure 5 In the variant shown, the carrying case 12 itself is designed as a box-shaped receiving container 6' without an additional suspended receiving bag and has semipermeable, filtering side walls 13 and a hinged bottom 14 for emptying.

[0039] The embodiment of the Figure 6Figure 16 shows the possibility of flange-mounting a downwardly and laterally open support frame 15 to the support housing 12 with its filtering side walls 13. A box-shaped ceiling 16 is attached to this frame, in which the suction blower 4 (here concealed) is housed. The drive motor 17 has a vertical axis 18, so that the suction blower 4 is arranged horizontally and draws the construction debris 1 upwards in the suction pipe 3 and deflects it laterally and horizontally into the collection container 6 in the box-shaped ceiling 16.

[0040] The exemplary embodiment of Figure 6 It can be seen that the intake pipe 3 has a significantly larger diameter than in the Figures 1 to 5This allows even lighter construction debris 1 of larger dimensions to be collected, which is then broken down in the blower 4 by shredding tools (not shown) provided there, before falling onto the bottom 14 of the collection container 6, 6'. The fragmented debris particles are retained in this container by the filtering side walls 13. The filtering side walls 13 can be designed as an interchangeable unit; in a simpler embodiment, the side walls of the support housing 12 consist of approximately 8 x 8 cm mesh openings that hold the filter mats in place.

[0041] Not shown is the possibility of placing the blower 4 in a conveying line that leads into a more distant receiving container 6, for example a rubble container for the lighter material. Reference symbol list

[0042] 1: Construction debris 2: Suction nozzle 3: Suction pipe 4: Suction blower 5: Tarpaulin 6: Collection container 7: Suction device 8: First fastening device 9: Second fastening device 10: Construction machine 11: Suspension eye 12: Support housing 13: Side wall 14: Floor 15: Support frame 16: Ceiling 17: Drive motor 18: Axle

Claims

1. Suction device (7) for separating construction waste (1), comprising: - a suction pipe (3) with a suction nozzle (2) for sucking in construction waste (1), - a suction blower (4) connected to the suction pipe (3) on the suction side for generating a volume flow capable of carrying construction waste (1), and - a receiving container (6) connected to the suction blower (4) on the pressure side for receiving sucked-in construction waste (1). characterized by the fact that the suction pipe (3) limits a flow cross-section of the volume flow passing through the suction pipe (3) and the suction pipe (3) and the suction blower (4) are dimensioned such that an average flow velocity, which is determined by the quotient of the volume flow generated or generateable by the suction blower (4) and the flow cross-section limited by the suction pipe (3), assumes a value in the range between 10 m / s and 100 m / s.

2. Suction device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thatthe suction pipe (3) and the suction blower (4) are dimensioned such that the mean flow velocity assumes a value in the range between 15 m / s and 35 m / s, in particular a value of about 25 m / s.

3. Suction device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the receiving container (6) is box-shaped and has filtering side walls (13) and a hinged bottom (14).

4. Suction device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the suction blower (4) with vertical axis (17) is housed in a box-shaped ceiling (16) of a support frame (15), which has means for redirecting the suction flow into the receiving container (6).

5. Suction device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by first fastening means (8) for detachable attachment to a construction machine (10), in particular to a boom of an excavator or wheel loader.

6. Suction device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the suction pipe (3) is movably mounted, in particular by means of a pendulum.

7. Suction device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the suction blower (4) comprises at least one fan, in particular a radial fan.

8. Suction device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the suction blower (4) is equipped with shredding tools.

9. Construction machine (10) with a suction device (7) according to one of the preceding claims.

10. Construction machine (10) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the suction device (7) is detachably attached to the construction machine (10).

11. Construction machine (10) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by the fact that the construction machine for attaching the suction device (7) has a second fastening means (9) with an action complementary to the first fastening means (8) of the suction device (7).

12. Construction machine (10) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by the fact thatthe suction device (7) is attached at the end of a boom of the construction machine (10).

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