PROCESS OF PROCESSING AN ORGANIC SUBSTRATE IN IMMERSION

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for transforming an organic substrate. The process comprises a step of placing the organic substrate (1) in a reactor (2), at least a portion of which has the capacity to exchange certain identified substances (3) in gaseous, liquid, or solid form, and a step of immersing the reactor (2) in an aquatic medium (4). The immersion step consists of lowering the reactor (2) to a predetermined depth (A), maintaining the reactor (2) within a predetermined depth range for a predetermined immersion time, and then removing the reactor (2) from the aquatic medium (4).

Description

Process for transforming an organic substrate by immersion

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of processes for transforming organic substances. More specifically, the invention deals with processes for transforming organic substances comprising a step of immersion in a natural or artificial aquatic environment.

[0002] These aquatic environments, and in particular the marine environment, offer unique physical, chemical and biological conditions, very difficult to achieve on land (temperature, pressure, biological composition of seawater…) and at high energy costs.

[0003] There are known processes for transforming organic substances on land. These processes, both artisanal and industrial, are energy-intensive.

[0004] It is also known, in patent FR 2 921 934 in the name of the applicant, a grape must winemaking process, in which the aging stage of the grape must, previously macerated and fermented, is carried out underwater, in a sealed and airtight container.

[0005] One of the drawbacks of this process is that it is specific to the aging stage of macerated and fermented grape must. Consequently, it does not allow for the implementation of other reaction processes that apply to organic substances other than grape must.

[0006] Furthermore, this process focuses solely on the reactions involved during the aging stage of macerated and fermented grape must and therefore does not allow for working with the substrate at any point during its transformation. This process, which modifies the reaction hierarchies and their kinetics, enables the obtaining and stabilization of molecules of interest, particularly aromatic, labile, or very long-term extraction molecules (several decades).

[0007] The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a method of transformation of an organic substrate characterized in that it comprises: - a step consisting of placing the organic substrate in a reactor, at least part of which has the capacity to exchange certain identified materials in gaseous, liquid or solid form, a step of immersing the reactor in an aquatic environment, this immersion step consisting of lowering the reactor to a predetermined depth, maintain the reactor within a predetermined depth range for a predetermined immersion time and extract the reactor from the aquatic environment.

[0008] By “transformation process”, we mean a reaction process involving the transformation of the organic substrate into a product.

[0009] By “organic substrate” is meant a “main” organic compound on which we wish to modify in order to obtain a product. Note that the product resulting from the transformation of the organic substrate can be a by-product of a reaction pathway whose goal is the transformation into a so-called final product. In other words, the by-product, or even the product resulting from the transformation of the organic substrate, can, in turn, be considered a substrate in the context of a further transformation.

[0010] The substances involved in the invention, whether they are Organic substrates, by-products, products or reagents, can be in the form of pure substances or mixtures in solid, liquid, gaseous state, or even two- or three-phase mixtures (e.g., liquid / solid / gas).

[0011] The transformation process according to the invention allows for the simple realization of Reaction pathways for the transformation of the organic substrate, which are difficult to implement on land, are made possible in particular by the reactor's capacity for exchange with certain substances, whether in whole or in part. This reactor property allows the entry and / or exit of these substances according to reaction requirements and the progress of the reactions involved in the transformation of the organic substrate, all under specific and chosen experimental conditions, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters.

[0012] The process according to the invention also allows for an evolution of the conditions in These reaction pathways are achieved, notably through the predetermined depth range in which the reactor is maintained after being lowered into the aquatic environment at a chosen depth. It is therefore possible to vary the physical operating conditions (for example, pressure and temperature), these physical conditions impacting the chemical and biological conditions prevailing both outside and inside the reactor.

[0013] In other words, the method according to the invention makes it possible to initiate or alter pathways chemical, biochemical, physical or microbiological reactional processes.

[0014] The process can be applied to an entire organism, to one or more organisms, or even to populations or colonies, as experimented on with microorganisms during winemaking. At the time of immersion, the reaction mixture can thus be composed of living and / or inert organic substances.

[0015] Thus, the method of the invention has the advantage of being applicable in within the framework of a very wide range of activities, these activities being able to fall within both the primary and secondary sectors. The fields of activity to which the process according to the invention applies can extend to the fields of health, agri-food, art, energy, cosmetics (e.g. essential oils, absolutes, vegetable butters, CO2 extracts, vegetable oils, gel, plant powders, marine extract, clay, hydrosol) or even materials.

[0016] Advantageously, the method according to the invention further comprises a step of onshore treatment of reactor contents.

[0017] Thus, the transformation process offers the advantage of being able to combine one or more reaction pathways obtained on land with those carried out by immersion, thereby broadening the range of reaction pathways that can be used to transform the substrate into the desired product. Consequently, it becomes possible to combine, before or after the reactor immersion step, a land-based treatment step during which the substrate or the reagents undergo treatment aimed respectively at preparing them for the immersion step or at completing the transformation of the substrate that occurred during the immersion step. As a result, it becomes possible to obtain products of a quality and specificity that is impossible to obtain with prior art processes.

[0018] Advantageously, the immersion and land-based treatment steps alternate one or more times.

[0019] Thus, it is possible to alternate, as desired, the immersion and treatment stages on land, depending on the reaction needs at specific stages of reaction. This possibility allows for further improvement in the quality and typicality of the resulting product, and for correcting product defects.

[0020] Advantageously, the reactor comprises at least two internal compartments.

[0021] Thus, it is possible to distribute the different substances—organic substrate and other substances present in the reactor—placed in the reactor among different compartments. Consequently, such a distribution allows for even finer variation of the reaction pathways used in the transformation of the organic substrate, for example, depending on the difference in proximity of one substance to the reactor wall compared to another. This difference in proximity to the reactor wall has physicochemical consequences that impact the substances and the reaction pathways.

[0022] Advantageously, a first compartment comprises said organic substrate and a second compartment comprises an absorbent material intended to fix undesirable molecules to the transformation of the organic substrate and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate during the immersion step.

[0023] Thus, it is possible, depending on the arrangement of these two compartments, to Within the reactor, it is possible to ensure that the reaction pathways intended to take place in one of the compartments are initiated before those associated with the other compartment, for example. It is also possible, thanks in particular to an exchange capacity between these compartments, for the reactions associated with the second compartment to support those associated with the first compartment, notably through the binding of unwanted molecules or the supply of reagents.

[0024] Advantageously, the reactor is made from at least one material with a density between 0.3 and 10, preferably a plastic material with a density between 0.9 and 1.25, more preferably between 0.91 and 0.96 or 1 to 1.25, a mineral material with a density between 1.85 and 2.6, more preferably between 1.85 and 1.95 or 2.3 to 2.55, a plant material with a density between 0.5 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.65 and 0.85, an animal material with a density between 0.4 and 1.4, more preferably between 1.35 and 1.35, a metallic material with a density between 2.5 and 8, more preferably between 2.6 and 3 or 6 and 8 or an alloy of such metallic materials.

[0025] The reactor material as defined allows for substance exchange (solid / liquid / gas) and / or energy with the outside, particularly with gases present in large quantities in the underwater / subaquatic environment.

[0026] The material may belong to the following families: plastic material that can be composed of the following polymers: bio-based and biodegradable polylactide polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or plasticized starch (TPS), poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) etc. : bio-based and non-biodegradable polymers: bio-PET, bio- polyolefins, oxo-degradable polymers including polyolefins with additives oxidizing agent, efc. ; non-bio-based but biodegradable polymers such as HDPE; Pure mineral matter such as sand, rock, or composite materials such as glass, ceramics, concrete, porcelain; pure or assembled metallic materials such as steel, cast iron, aluminum, titanium; plant materials such as wood, wood fiber, flax fiber, hemp fiber, etc.; animal material such as wool, silk, spider fiber, leather, bone, etc.

[0027] All of these materials and their thickness are summarized in the Tables 1 and 2, below. Material Density Thickness (from left to right by relevant range) Plastic 08-15 0.9-1.25 0.91-0.96 3 to 60 mm or 1-1.25 Mineral 1.7-45 1.85-2.6 1.85-1.95 5 to 300 mm or 2.3-2.55 Plant 04-15 05-09 0.65-0.85 | 15 to 200 mm Animal 0.3-1.5 0.4-1.4 1-1.35 1 to 10 mm Metallic 2-10 25-8 26-3 1 to 150 mm Material Density Thickness (from left to right by relevant range) Plastic 08-15 0.9-1.25 0.91-0.96 3 to 60 mm or 1-1.25 Mineral 1.7-45 1.85-2.6 1.85-1.95 5 to 300 mm or 2.3-2.55 Plant 04-15 05-09 0.65-0.85 | 15 to 200 mm Animal 0.3-1.5 0.4-1.4 1-1.35 1 to 10 mm Metallic 2-10 25-8 26-3 1 to 150 mm Table 1: Density and thickness range used by material family 0.94 1.24 1.25 1.03 1.4 Family Material Density PE—HD 0.94 PLA T1247 PHBV 1.25 Polyamide 11 1.03 Plastic Polychloroprene or neoprene (elastomer) 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.33 to 1.45 1.35 1.4 1.4 15 1.18 Polypropylene, Nylon, PET, PEN, Aramid, HIVPE, Vectran, PBO, Vegetable, Natural Rubber (elastomer) Plant-based: Flax and hemp 1.5; Plant-based: Boxwood 0.91 to 1.3 Plant-based woods: very heavy and very hard (Azobé, Ipé) 0.85 Plant-based heavy and hard woods (Hornbeam, movingui, oak) 0.70 to 0.85 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Hard) Plant Medium-heavy and medium-hard woods (Niangon, iroko, 0.56 to 0.70 chestnut, soft oak, pines) Plant Light and soft woods (Framiré, Douglas fir, spruce, 0.45 to 0.55 fir, pines) Plant Very light and very soft woods (giant thuja, 0.45 sequoia, poplar, fir) Mineral Glass 2.5 Mineral Reinforced concrete 2.5 Mineral Sandstone 2.6 Mineral Marble 2.7 Mineral Ceramic 2224 Mineral Limestone 2.6 Metal Cast iron 6.8 to 7.4 Metal Bronze 84 to 9.2 Metal Iron 7.8 Metal Steel 8 Metal Aluminum 2.7 Metal Titanium 4.5 Animal Leather 0.35 to 1.4 Animal Spider silk 1.3 Table 2: Density range by material

[0028] The materials mentioned above, in the density ranges mentioned, are materials with the advantage of allowing the manufacture of reactors that can be submerged in an aquatic environment with a very good capacity for the exchange of substances between its internal environment and the external aquatic environment.

[0029] Advantageously, the reactor is equipped with an immersion device intended to maintain the reactor submerged at the predetermined depth or within a range of depths of predetermined amplitude and in a desired position.

[0030] The immersion device has the function of keeping the reactor submerged at the depth and in the desired position. It can take the form of a ballast system, a ballasting system and / or a fixing to the bottom of the aquatic environment.

[0031] In the case of a ballast system, a heavy material is attached to the reactor to ensure its stability or to hold it in place. The ballast can be attached to the reactor or offset, such as a concrete block system used to create anchor points. In the case of attached ballast, it can be located on the reactor's outer wall or placed inside it. By using a cementitious material, the ballast can also combine the functions of ballast and fluid absorption. due to its porous nature. Ballast can also be zero if the weight of the reactor and its contents are sufficient to cancel out the buoyant force. It can be composed of pure materials, simple or complex alloys based on metals, plastic, wood, concrete, and more broadly be of mineral or plant origin, but will in all cases have a density greater than that of the water in the aquatic environment in which the reactor is immersed.

[0032] In the case of a ballasting system, this function is ensured by large Water tanks, more or less full, replace the heavy material. The ballasting system can be automated, so that the tanks fill with water or air as needed for the reactor's immersion and retrieval.

[0033] In the case of anchoring to the bottom of the aquatic environment, the reactor can be held in place by attaching to: a natural or pre-existing anchor point on the site (e.g., a hook on the bottom of channels); a structure located on the surface or at the bottom of the site; a system connecting a high point and a low point allowing the suspension of reactor, a motorized moving element.

[0034] Advantageously, the aquatic environment contains the identified materials. Preferably, the aquatic environment is a marine environment.

[0035] Thus, it is possible to choose the aquatic environment in which the The reactor is designed according to the specific characteristics of the environment, such as naturally occurring substances, in order to favor the reaction pathways to be implemented for the transformation of a given substrate. The marine environment is a particularly advantageous aquatic environment because it offers variations in its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics over time, notably due to its currents and wave movements, particularly those of the swell and tidal range type.

[0036] Water is the natural environment where the greatest number of substances (minerals, Organic matter (in gaseous, liquid, or solid states) can dissolve and react. The diversity of freshwater and saltwater aquatic formations offers a wide range of natural conditions, allowing for the design of a multitude of reactors depending on the organic substrates to be transformed.

[0037] The main characteristics of the marine / subaquatic compartments, cited in Table 3, provide an overview of the potential of water-based environments Se

[0038] Advantageously, the depth at which the reactor is immersed during the immersion stage is between 1m and 150m. Advantageously, the range of depths in which the reactor is maintained is 40m.

[0039] Thus, the process makes it possible to exploit natural conditions while limiting the The technical challenges of the work (including, among other things, the equipment used by divers to carry out the necessary tasks, such as breathing apparatus and communication with the surface) must be addressed while ensuring the economic viability of the process. The maximum amplitude of 40m addresses the need to account for sea level variations due to tidal range when calibrating the device.

[0040] Advantageously, the organic substrate on which the transformation is carried out is derived from vines of the genus Vitis.

[0041] Such an organic substrate may in particular be chosen from the list of substrates organic products consisting of: grapes, grape juice, grape must, macerated grape must, fermented grape must, still and sparkling wine, grape brandies or alcoholic beverages made from grapes such as mistelle, brandy, vodka, gin, but also vinegar, verjuice (juice extracted from the seeds used to make mustard), and grape seed oil. The process according to this embodiment of the invention also covers dried fruit and, more generally, any organ of the vine such as seeds, leaves, shoots, roots, as well as extracted components such as resveratrol and its derivatives, pigments, tannins, etc.

[0042] More generally, the method according to the invention can be applied to all substrates belonging to the subfamilies listed in Table 4 below Subfamily of | Products given as examples: Substrates: Flower: Peony, rose, immortelle, lavender, meadowsweet, saffron, neroli, all species of Camellia, cherry blossom, jasmine, mimosa, orange blossom, iris, lily, patchouli, vetiver… Tree essence: Cypress, sandalwood, camphor, boxwood, cedar, oak, fir, spruce, juniper, frankincense tree, elemi… Nuts: Almond, shea, argan, hazelnut, Camellia sp. Pigment: Ochre, copper… Pigment: Pastel, indigo, catechu tincture… Substances: Jam, marinade, foie gras… processed vegetables: Eggplant, courgette, carrot, onions… Poultry feed | Cereals: Barley, wheat, oats, spelt, rice, corn, wheat. Citrus fruits: Yuzu, lemon, clementine, mandarin, bergamot, orange, lime, citron. Dried or fresh fruit: Rhubarb, currant, strawberry, berries, fruits from temperate and tropical zones: apple, quince, pear, melon, watermelon. Cranberries, apricot, fig, date, plums. Mirabelle plum, mango, guava, passion fruit, exotic fruit, fig, prickly pear, kiwi, cherry. Raw material: Beetroot, sugar cane, sugar agave. Tubers: Potato, sweet potato, cassava. Beverages derived from | Aniseed liqueurs, cider and perry brandies, fruit brandies, juniper, gentian, gin, fruit liqueurs and creams, rum, tequila, mezcal, vodka, rice alcohol by distillation Non-alcoholic beverages | Plant-based milks including soy milk, rice milk, alcoholic milk, derived from | coconut milk, almond milk; fruit / vegetable juices by extraction (lemon, peach, tomato) Bee products | Honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, beeswax | Substances derived from | Dairy products (yogurt, cheese, kefir), Cured meats: shoulder, bacon, sausage. Seafood products: caviar, bottarga. Salmon, bottarga, herring, anchovies… Fermented vegetables: sauerkraut, pickles such as olives, capers, gherkins, Indian achards, fermented soybean paste like miso, all basic vegetables, silage, soy sauce. Century egg. Tea, coffee, vanilla, chocolate. Bread, wine. Beer, apple wine, cider, sake and various fermented rice wines (vin jaune), millet alcohol, fermented milk (kefir), fruit kefir: kombucha, nopal, mead, chocolate. Vinegar, chocolate. Pressed cheese. Bio-sourced fuels. Chili pepper, pepper, vinegar, mustard, cinnamon, vanilla, capers, olives, saffron, anise, star anise, cardamom, cloves, ginger. Verbena, lemongrass, chamomile, bay leaf, thyme, rosemary, sage, peppermint, licorice, tobacco, mint. Olive, flax, sunflower, seed Grapes, sesame, castor beans… Black pudding, offal, sausage… Lard, goose fat, duck fat… Truffles, porcini mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, morels… Chocolate, coffeeCashew nuts, pistachios, peanuts, almonds, coconut. Curd cheese made from cow's milk. Plant production Soy, vegetable fiber | Flax, jute, corn, seagrass, cork, cotton, plant material | Wood (all types), hemp, textile, animal material, leather Substances: Pearl, algae (chlorella, spirulina…), | of marine origin: sea slug, crustaceans, molluscs. Wax: Beeswax, Bellina Wax Soy, rice, carnauba, candelilla wax Legumes: Split peas, chickpeas, lentils, peas, soybeans, clover Animal production, Marine production, Animal production, Plant production REP EN Rethel Table 4: Substrate subfamilies and examples of associated products

[0043] The invention also relates to a process for transforming an organic substrate characterized in that it comprises: - a step consisting of placing the organic substrate in a reactor, - a step of immersing the reactor in an aquatic environment, this immersion step consisting of lowering the reactor to a predetermined depth, maintaining the reactor in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a predetermined immersion time and extracting the reactor from the aquatic environment, the organic substrate being different from a substrate produced from the transformation of grape must.

[0044] Advantageously, the process according to this embodiment of the invention includes a step of onshore treatment of the reactor contents.

[0045] Advantageously, the immersion and onshore treatment steps alternate one or more times.

[0046] Advantageously, the reactor comprises at least two internal compartments.

[0047] Advantageously, a first compartment comprises said organic substrate and a second compartment includes an absorbent material intended to bind unwanted molecules to the transformation of the organic substrate and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate during the immersion step.

[0048] Advantageously, the organic substrate is chosen from among the substances of the group consisting of: flowers; tree essences; nuts; pigments of plant origin; vegetables; cereals; citrus fruits; dried fruits, fresh fruits, fruits from the zones temperate or tropical fruits; raw materials of vegetable origin rich in sugar; tubers; beverages obtained by distillation; non-alcoholic beverages obtained by extraction; spices or condiments; aromatic plants, herbal teas, medicinal plants or smoking plants; oils, seeds or beans; vegetable fibers or plant textile materials; waxes of vegetable origin; legumes; sap, resin and gum of vegetable origin; pigments of mineral origin; processed substances of agri-food origin; poultry substances; beekeeping substances; meat substances; animal fats; curdled substances; animal materials; waxes of animal origin; substances obtained by homolactic fermentation; substances obtained by alcoholic fermentation (excluding substances obtained by the fermentation of grape must); substances obtained by acetic fermentation; substances obtained by propionic fermentation;substances derived from acetone butyric fermentation; fungi; substances of marine origin.

[0049] Advantageously, the reactor is equipped with an immersion device for maintaining the reactor submerged at the predetermined depth and in a desired position.

[0050] Advantageously, the aquatic environment in which the reactor is immersed during the immersion stage is a marine environment.

[0051] Advantageously, the depth at which the reactor is immersed during The immersion stage is between 1m and 150m. Advantageously, the depth range in which the reactor is maintained is 40m.

[0052] The invention will be better understood upon reading the accompanying figures, which are provided by way of example and are not intended to be limiting, in which: Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a device enabling the implementation of the process according to the invention: Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a first reactor for the implementation of the process according to the invention: Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a second reactor for implementing the Process according to the invention: Figure 4 is a diagram representing the sequence of steps of a process according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0053] We will describe a process for transforming an organic substrate 1. The process includes a step consisting of placing the organic substrate 1 in a reactor 2, at least a portion of which has a capacity for the exchange of certain Identified substances 3 in gaseous, liquid, or solid form. The reactor also allows for exchanges related to heat, osmotic pressure, or mechanical energy corresponding to agitation and other tidal effects. The process also includes a step of immersing the reactor 2 in an aquatic environment 4. This immersion step consists of lowering the reactor 2 to a predetermined depth A (for example, 15 m as shown in Figure 2), maintaining the reactor 2 within a predetermined depth range for a predetermined immersion time, and extracting the reactor 2 from the aquatic environment 4. The predetermined depth A at which the reactor 2 is immersed can range from 1 to 150 m from the water surface 42.

[0054] As illustrated in Figure 1, the reactor 2 can be connected to an immersion device 5 comprising two ballasts 51.Each ballast 51 includes an attachment point 52 to which one end of a rope 53 can be attached. The ropes 53 are attached, via their other end, to a sling 54 to which the reactor 2 is directly attached. When the assembly consisting of the reactor 2 and the immersion device 5 is immersed in the aquatic environment, it descends until it reaches the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4. Such an assembly can therefore be arranged to descend to the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4 or to an intermediate depth (not shown) located within the aquatic environment 4, between the surface of the water 42 and the bottom 41 of the aquatic environment 4. According to an embodiment not shown, the immersion device 5 can be replaced by, or combined with, a ballasting system or a fastening system.

[0055] Reactor 2 is made of a material whose density allows the wall 21 Reactor 2 exhibits a controlled exchange capacity between its interior and the surrounding external environment (Figure 2). The wall 21 of reactor 2 thus allows the exchange of substances in gaseous, liquid, or solid form, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen. This wall 21 also allows the exchange of light, heat, and / or pressure between the interior of reactor 2 and the surrounding aquatic environment. Such exchanges modulate the reactions carried out within reactor 2 for the transformation of the organic substrate 1.

[0056] In the example shown in Figures 2 and 3, reactor 2 is of the shape The truncated cone shape promotes its agitation by the movements of the aquatic environment 4, for example, by tidal movements, when the aquatic environment 4 is a marine environment. However, reactor 2 can have any other geometric shape suitable for agitation of reactor 2, depending on the movements of the aquatic environment 4 or in function of an agitation system associated with reactor 2.

[0057] The interior of reactor 2 can be compartmentalized. In the example illustrated in In Figure 3, the interior of reactor 2 comprises two compartments, separated from each other by a removable membrane 22 that allows exchanges between the two compartments. This membrane 22 may be an acidic sulfonic acid membrane. It allows the separation of an upper compartment in which the organic substrate 1 is stored and a lower compartment in which an absorbent material 23, which may be perlite, is stored. This absorbent material 23 is intended to bind unwanted molecules to the transformation of the organic substrate 1 and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 during the immersion step. In other embodiments not shown, the reservoir may also be compartmentalized to include more than two compartments.

[0058] An embodiment of the process of the invention is implemented as follows. The organic substrate 1, as well as any other substance necessary, directly or indirectly, for the transformation of the organic substrate 1, is distributed among the different compartments of reactor 2 (step 1 - Figure 4). Next, an optional onshore transformation step (step 2) of the substrate can be carried out, depending on the nature of the organic substrate 1 and the need for initial transformation in preparation for the immersion step (step 3). Reactor 2 is then immersed in the aquatic environment 4 to a predetermined depth A and is maintained within a predetermined depth range for a predetermined immersion time. All these values ​​depend on the nature of the organic substrate 1 and the reactions necessary for its transformation.At the end of the period during which reactor 2 is maintained within the predetermined depth range, reactor 2 is removed from the aquatic environment 4. The immersion step is preceded by a land-based treatment step of the reactor 2 contents (step 4). During this land-based processing step, the transformation of the organic substrate can be completed or finalized. An alternation between an immersion step and a land-based processing step is envisaged, as indicated by the loop between steps 3 and 4 in the diagram in Figure 4. This alternation can be repeated several times when it is advantageous for the transformation of the organic substrate 1 for the reactor to be subjected to alternating submerged and land-based conditions. When the substrate transformation is complete, a conditioning step (step 5) of tank 2 is carried out.The product, resulting from the transformation of the substrate introduced into tank 2, can then be extracted from tank 2.

[0059] An exhaustive list of the transformations induced in organic substrates by immersion in an aquatic environment cannot be drawn up, but examples of reaction pathways can be given by way of non-limiting illustration. In this regard, some transformations are listed in Table 5 below, and examples are detailed thereafter. Family pathway Reagents Products Reaction Effect Reaction example 'oced. Microbiology Microorganisms | Microorganisms Kinetics of Acceleration | Reduction of metabolites (yeasts, bacteria, populations. n of the time of (yeasts, fungi, phage…) fermentation bacteria, n on wine fungus, fermented phage…) immersed in | from a clone) Microbiology Microorganisms | Microorganisms Selection of mutants | Selection Variation of metabolites (yeasts, bacteria, adapted to the conditions | of volume of (yeasts, fungi, phage…} new metabolites on wine | bacteria, mutants and | fermented fungus, therefore immersed in | phage…) potential | from a clone appearance of new metabolites Microbiology Microorganisms | Microorganisms Cell lysis 'Acceleration | Release of metabolites (yeasts, bacteria, net of (yeasts, fungi, phage…) amplification | precursors bacteria, aromatic fungi, phenomenon | and phage.…) texturizers, improvement | oily mouthfeel Chemical / Biochemical | Mannoproteins | Complex Steric stabilization | Increase | Decrease in mic nes, mannoproteins / Antho | polyphenols on the astringent constituents | cyanes (tannins, anthocyanin, effect of the cell wall Complex aroma.) increase in cellular | mannoproteins / Tannin of the yeasts roundness (second family of polysaccharides | the most abundant in wine) | + Polyphenols Chemical / Biochemical | Proteins Amino acid Hydrolysis of Increased | Increased mic proteins on the concentration. Biochemical Polyphenol + | Polyphenol O2+PPO Chemical Polyphenol Polyphenol +O2 Hydrolysis of Augmentati | Augmentati proteins on the concentration of amino acids and therefore aromatic complexity. Oxidation of Augmentati | Modification of polyphenols by the polyphenol oxidase changes | color, (PPO) pathways | perceived aromatic complexity Oxidation of Augmentati | Modification of polyphenols changes | color, lons lons halides (l-, halides | Br- Cl-, Fr-) with (k-, Br-, Cl-, leaving group added | Fr-) with a new nucleophilic leaving group (entities possessing a lone pair of electrons, an anion or a neutral molecule possessing a lone pair, such as | a nitrogen atom for example) Terrestrial prokaryotes terrestrial transduced Molecule: A molecule possessing a system conjugated to a system in the excited state conjugated to the ground state | such as . Soprenoids: Molecule in | Molecule in configuration | ZE configuration: Molecule in | Molecule in configuration | trans configuration: cilia Etranal: Ethanoic acid “Dissolved O2 | Micelle trapping lipids and CO2 molecules | Yeast membrane | Dissolved CO2 | Formation of ion + hydrogen around the | micropeptide | CO2 | Dissolved Na+ | Micelle trapping lipids and N2 molecules | Yeast membrane | “Dissolved O2+ | Micelle trapping lipids and O2 molecules | Yeast membrane Amino acid | Glycosylamine Condensation of + Maillard carbonyls Hydrogen + | Saturated fatty acids or Hydrogenation of fatty acids that have lost one or more | facilitated by agitation monounsaturated | double bonds or by reaction catalyzed by unsaturated or polyunsaturated dehydrogenase (see beta-oxidation) ATP + sugars ADP + Ester Non-phosphoric hydrolyzable phosphorylation (glucose type, , ) Mannose Sugar + iodide | Ether-o- Methylation of methyl + H++ |- Aldose Aldonic acid Mild oxidation by enzymatic means or with bromine Sugars + nH2O Condensation and chain by enzymatic pathway and / or under osmotic pressure (and cross-linking) Glycerol + 3 | Triglyceride + 3H2O Esterification of the fatty acid hydroxyl function of | alycerol 'Fatty alcohol Ceride + H2O Esterification in (ROH) medium + acid Fatty acid (RLCOOH) “Quinone + Dihydrogenoquinone Reduction of H++2 quinores and derivatives of | quinore electrons Amino acid group or amino acid synthesis | Amino acid | charged protein | amino acids and amino acids | proteins capture or donate a proton depending on | the pH of the environment Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus Fermentation Augmentation propionic possible from | on of the starting from sugars, the kinetics glycerol, lactic acid, malic acid reaction (use of lactate because major fermentation in cheesemaking). Fermentation carried out by bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium Fermentation Acetobutylic modification carried out by Clostridium of the acetobutylic reaction (involved in the valorization of agricultural products by | the production of fuels). Synthesis of fatty acids Modification by fatty acid synthase (FAS I or | kinetics FAS II of the H+ reaction Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Ligation Change of state | Example of chemical (liquid) change of state ammonia (gas) on tobacco Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Condensation Change of state (solid) change of state (gas) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Vaporization Change of state (gas) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Solidification Change of state (solid) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity Sublimation Change of state (gas) change of state (solid) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Fusion Change of state (liquid) change of state (solid) M Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Ligation Change of state | Example of chemical (liquid) change of state ammonia (gas) on tobacco Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Condensation Change of state (solid) change of state (gas) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Vaporization Change of state (gas) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Solidification Change of state (solid) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity Sublimation Change of state (gas) change of state (solid) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Fusion Change of state (liquid) change of state (solid) M Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Ligation Change of state | Example of chemical (liquid) change of state ammonia (gas) on tobacco Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Condensation Change of state (solid) change of state (gas) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Vaporization Change of state (gas) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity | Solidification Change of state (solid) change of state (liquid) Physics Any entity | Any chemical entity Sublimation Change of state (gas) change of state (solid) Physics Any entity Any chemical entity Fusion Change of state (liquid) change of state (solid) M Table 1: Examples of reaction pathways Example Microbiology / Effect of Agitation — Temperature — Pressure

[0060] The winemaking process leading to a sparkling wine involves a second alcoholic fermentation in pressurized tanks or in bottles and subsequent disgorging operations.

[0061] The initiation of a second alcoholic fermentation on wine proves to be a This operation is delicate due to the alcohol concentration already present in the reaction mixture. Under underwater / subaquatic conditions, the same operation presents no difficulties. The pressure promotes the growth of yeast populations and potentially the development of yeast strains resistant to the pressure, temperature, and agitation conditions to which they are subjected. In the container, periodic undulating agitation causes the lees to be resuspended, thus facilitating access to nutrients for microbial populations and modifying the degradation kinetics of the yeasts (autolysis) and other components of the lees. This results in an acceleration of vinification times but also a significant modification of the aromatic profile compared to wines produced under similar conditions but on land. The organoleptic consequences are numerous and enhance the wine.In short, this results in better extraction / evolution of aromatic precursors, particularly proteins (membrane glycoproteins, peptides, amino acids, etc.). This aging process also produces texturizing effects: a greater... The number of bubbles (dissolved CO2) increased, with improved persistence and fineness, and better adsorption of CO2 molecules. A more pronounced bitterness was also observed, indicating a higher amino acid concentration. This phenomenon could be explained by protein hydrolysis.

[0062] Any process involving microorganisms can benefit from this processes such as bioleaching, degradation… Example Biochemistry / Effect of Agitation-Temperature

[0063] Once immersed, the reactors undergo constant agitation of varying intensity depending on the conditions. In the case of black tea production, immersing tea leaves after the withering stage allows for the reproduction of the leaf agitation phase, which initiates the oxidation of catechins by polyphenol oxidases, as well as the rolling phase responsible for the destruction of cell walls and the mixing of the different cell compartments.

[0064] The difference in the duration and intensity of the agitation, as well as maintaining a relatively low temperature, affects the organoleptic qualities by modifying the catechin / flavonoid ratio (thearubigin and theaflavin), but also the stimulating effect of the tea produced by influencing the concentration of complexed caffeine.

[0065] Such a process can be envisaged for all aromatic plants for to promote comparable redox reactions. Organic chemistry / Effect of chemical composition

[0066] Halide ions (I-, Cl-, Br-, F-) are the main ions present in the composition of sea salts. The bromide and iodide ions are good nucleophiles and are the basis of numerous halogenation reactions. Halogenated derivatives can be synthesized from alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols, and are capable of reacting with entities possessing a lone pair of electrons in nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN1, SN2, substitution on aromatic rings). In reactors with halide ion exchange capacity, the presence of halogenated derivatives disrupts all reaction pathways and, consequently, the properties of the substances contained in the submerged reactor. For the agri-food sector, the incorporation of halide ions represents an effective method in combating nutritional deficiencies. Change of State / Pressure Effect — Temperature

[0067] Immersion in an aquatic environment (marine / freshwater) in a reactor presenting A controlled and virtually incompressible exchange capacity for substances results in the pressurization of the submerged substrate (as well as other contained substances). Depending on the pressure and temperature to which the substrate is subjected, but also on the thermodynamic data of the compounds (vapor pressure, partial pressures), it is possible to extract and separate chemical species.

[0068] In the case of tobacco production, this process makes it possible to eliminate traces Ammonia, produced during the fermentation of the leaves, is a byproduct of fermentation considered a tasting defect and requires aging to dissipate. Immersing tobacco leaves causes ammonia to condense. Cigars made with leaves processed using this method can be sold earlier and are guaranteed to be free of this defect.

[0069] The main thermodynamic data for ammonia are as follows: Melting point: -77.7 °C; Boiling point: -33.4°C at 1.013 bar abs; Vapor pressure varies depending on the temperature (See table 6 below); Temperature | -77.71 | -284 -18.7 | O 47 / 20 | 25.7 130 50.1 78.9 (°C) Pressure 0.06077 | 1.013 | 2 429]5 | 856 10 11.66 | 20 40 absolute (bar) Table 6: Vapor pressure of ammonia as a function of temperature Biology / Effect of Biological Composition

[0070] Coastal ocean water contains 2 to 15 jg / L of dissolved DNA, of which 34 to 66% is thought to be viral DNA. The detailed composition of the DNA present in ocean water is shown in the diagram below. Oceanic DNA Pool 02 um fitration <02um >02um æ-20% [Dissoives DNA [_Paricuiats GNA 62.70% DNazs Digestion 1 um ltration Sable vi ass <{um >tums Bouns ONA_} "spas [Sotuste DNA] [Piecplankon [Larger pienicon] 70-99% 1-30% 1 that [Oiher] bound DNA] 70 63% 17-20% Conceptual model of the properties of the ocean-origin DNA pool

[0071] Dissolved DNA (<0.2µm), marine viruses (10 to 400 nm) and marine phages (24 to 200 nm), considered the most abundant marine biological entities in the oceans, constitute the reservoir of genetic information that can be introduced into the reaction medium.

[0072] Evolving in a constraining environment, the integrity of viruses and phages can be preserved, which allows us to imagine the appearance of new molecules resulting from their metabolic pathways in the reaction mixture.

[0073] In the case of a mixture containing terrestrial eukaryotes, phenomena transduction by bacteriophages occurs.

[0074] Finally, even if these organisms are not viable, they nevertheless constitute a source of nutrients and / or reagents. Photochemistry / Light effect (photons)

[0075] Solar energy is absorbed primarily in the first tens of In the ocean, only 1 / 5 of sunlight penetrates beyond -100 m, and half is absorbed after only 10 cm. The most easily absorbed wavelengths are infrared (absorbed at 1 m), then red, and then shorter frequencies. Only the first 200 meters of the ocean are actually adequately bathed in sunlight.

[0076] Photochemical reactions are characterized by the absorption of photons by a molecule, thus transitioning from a ground state to an excited state, which allows for the initiation of chemical reactions or the catalysis of reactions by re-emitting the stored energy. Examples include photosynthesis and skin pigmentation. Depending on the immersion depth, the immersion site, and climatic conditions During immersion, the composite used for the containers will reduce the light spectrum scattered to the reaction mixture.

[0077] Thus, with the aim of blocking all light energy (absorption filtering), Photosensitive molecules capable of blocking radiation can be used in the composition of the containers, such as mycosporine-like amino acids extracted from algae. Light can also be polarized before being diffused into the mixture using polarizers (polarization filtering). Depending on the light radiation diffused into the mixture, photosensitive molecules such as anthocyanins are used to capture and release light energy to the reaction mixture in order to initiate redox reactions. List of references organic substrate 2: Reactor 3: Organic substances exchanged between the interior 4: Aquatic environment 5: Immersion device 21: Reactor wall 2 22: Removable membrane 23: Absorbent material 41: Bottom of the aquatic environment 4 42: Water surface of the aquatic environment 4 51: ballast 52: attachment point 53: rope 54: sling

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Process for transforming an organic substrate (1) characterized in that it comprises: - a step consisting of placing the organic substrate (1) in a reactor (2) at least part of which has a capacity for exchanging certain identified substances (3) in gaseous or liquid form, said exchange capacity going from the outside of the reactor to the inside of the reactor and vice versa, - a step of immersing the reactor (2) in an aquatic environment (4), this immersion step consisting of lowering the reactor (2) to a predetermined depth (A), maintaining the reactor (2) in a range of depths of predetermined amplitude for a predetermined immersion duration and extracting the reactor (2) from the aquatic environment (4) - a stage of on-land treatment of the reactor contents (2).

2. Method according to claim 1, in which the steps of immersion and treatment on land alternate one or more times.

3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reactor (2) comprises at least two internal compartments.

4. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein a first compartment comprises said organic substrate (1) and a second compartment comprises an absorbent material (23) intended to fix molecules undesirable for the transformation of the organic substrate (1) and / or reagents for the transformation of the organic substrate (1) during the immersion step.

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reactor (2) is made from at least one material whose density is between 0.3 and 10, chosen from a plastic material whose density is between 0.9 and 1.25, a mineral material whose density is between 1.85 and 2.6, a plant material whose density is between 0.5 and 0.9, an animal material whose density is between 0.4 and 1.4, a metallic material whose density is between 2.5 and 8, or an alloy of such metallic materials.

6. Method according to claim 5, in which the reactor (2) is made from at least one plastic material whose density is between 0.91 to 0.96 or 1 to 1.25, a mineral material whose density is between 0.85 to 1.95 or 2.3 to 2.55, a plant material with a density between 0.65 and 0.85, animal material with a density between 1 and 1.35, metallic material with a density between 2.6 and 3 or 6 and 8 or an alloy of such metallic materials.

7. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the reactor (2) is provided with an immersion device (5) for maintaining the reactor (2) immersed at the predetermined depth (A) or within a range of depths of predetermined amplitude and in a desired position.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aquatic medium (4) contains the identified substances (3), the aquatic medium (4) preferably being a marine environment.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the depth (A) is between 1m and 150m.

10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the organic substrate (1) is derived from vines of the genus Vitis.

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