Structure for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves and telecommunications system comprising this structure

Abstract

The structure (1") according to the invention, for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, comprises an antenna configured to emit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 0.7 and 400 Gigahertz, and a camouflage enclosure (5III) that extends around the antenna and / or at least partially encloses it, concealing it at least partially. The camouflage enclosure comprises at least one wall (7") made of a non-metallic material. (See Figure 7 for abbreviations.)

Description

Title of the invention: STRUCTURE FOR TRANSMITTING AND / OR RECEIVING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM INCLUDING THIS STRUCTURE Scope of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, usable in telecommunications systems, such as networks with 5G technology. State of the art

[0002] Digital telecommunications networks called 5G using antennas operating at higher frequencies than networks of the type called IG, 2G, 3G, 4G and other pre-existing networks.

[0003] In the realization of 5G communication systems, whether networks as a whole or their individual components, it is generally also necessary to take into account that, over time, the operating frequency of these networks will tend to increase more and more, even within the broadband allocated to this technology by national and international laws, norms and standards.

[0004] The authors of the present invention have noted that, both because of their dimensions, which can be very compact for high-frequency 5G alone but also large in the case of multi-technology systems in which 3-4-5G and / or multi-band technology antennas are installed together on the same pylon or tower, and because of the higher frequencies used, the antennas to be used in 5G telecommunication systems are difficult to conceal using the camouflage currently used to hide or make more aesthetically pleasing and protect the antennas of known telecommunication systems, including 4G systems: for example, MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) transmission systems,selective beamforming or intelligent antenna control systems that will be incorporated into 5G systems amplify the disadvantages caused by the reflection and attenuation defects of electromagnetic signals by current antenna camouflages, thus rendering the latter incapable of overcoming signal attenuation problems, beam distortion and the difficulties of making the best use of new traffic optimization and network coverage systems, referring for example to reception techniques / , MIMO (multiple inputs and multiple outputs) transmission, selective beamforming or intelligent antenna control systems.

[0005] On the other hand, the new 5G network architectures also provide for operating frequencies in higher bands than 3G / 4G and describe distributed network architectures in which there are antennas for 5G systems of very compact dimensions with restricted power and limited coverage areas.

[0006] It is therefore necessary to consider the most widespread installations both on the territory, in the open air, and inside buildings and other indoor environments, for example with a greater number of antennas per unit area, increasing their visual impact on the urban and rural landscape.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to remedy the disadvantages mentioned above and, in particular, to provide camouflaged structures for telecommunications systems more suitable for operating with 5G technology compared to camouflaged structures of known type. Summary of the invention

[0008] This goal is achieved, according to a first aspect of the present invention, with a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, comprising an antenna configured to emit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 0.7-400 Gigahertz and a camouflage envelope which extends around the antenna and / or encloses it at least partially by concealing it at least in part, and the camouflage envelope comprises at least one wall made of a non-metallic material.

[0009] According to a particular embodiment, the fabric, non-woven fabric or felt forming part of the wall of the camouflage envelope is made with textile fibers made of one or more of the following synthetic resins: polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) possibly flame retardant, polyamide, aliphatic or aromatic polyamide, nylon 6, nylon 6.6, aramid fibers.

[0010] According to a particular embodiment, the wall of the camouflage envelope comprises a plate and / or a shell.

[0011] According to a particular embodiment, the wall of the camouflage envelope comprises a grid, a net, a sheet and / or a membrane formed by a fabric possibly with meshes made from a yarn of textile fibers having a count equal to or less than 10000 dtex.

[0012] According to a particular embodiment, said yarn has a count equal to or less than 2000 dtex.

[0013] According to a particular embodiment, the wall opening ratio is equal to or greater than at least 0.1 times at least on a portion of the wall which extends over a total area equal to or greater than 20% of the total area of ​​the camouflage envelope, where the opening ratio is understood as the ratio between the sum of the areas of all the through openings (11) of said wall portion considered and the total area of ​​said wall portion considered.

[0014] According to a particular embodiment, the through openings (11) have on average a height (HAP) and / or a width (WAP) between 0.5-4 millimeters, or between 1-3 millimeters or between 2-2.5 millimeters.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the invention, this goal is achieved with a telecommunications system comprising a structure as defined above.

[0016] Other features of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0017] The advantages that can be obtained with the present invention will be more evident to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of certain non-limiting examples of particular embodiments, illustrated with reference to the following schematic figures. List of figures

[0018] [Fig-1] represents a perspective view of a structure for transmitting or receive electromagnetic waves according to a first particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] [Fig.2] represents a front view of a portion of a first example of an envelope camouflage usable in the structure of the [Fig.1], according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] [Fig.3] represents a front view of a portion of a second example of an envelope camouflage usable in the structure of the [Fig.1], according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] [Fig.4] represents a perspective view of a portion of a structure for transmit or receive electromagnetic waves according to a fourth particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] [Fig. 5] represents a partially exploded perspective view of an envelope camouflage according to a fifth particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] [Fig.6] represents a second perspective view of the camouflage envelope of the [Fig.5];

[0024] [Fig.7] represents a partially exploded perspective view of an envelope of camouflage according to a sixth particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] [Fig.7A] represents a cross-sectional view, along the section plane AA, of a portion of the camouflage envelope of the [Fig.7];

[0026] [Fig.8] represents a perspective view of a chassis usable in a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves according to a seventh particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] [Fig.9] represents a side view of a portion of a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves according to an eighth particular embodiment of the present invention, the frame of which is fixed to the rest of the structure;

[0028] [Fig. 10] represents a first partially exploded perspective view of a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves according to a ninth particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] [Fig. 11] represents a second partially exploded perspective view of the structure of [Fig. 10]. Detailed description

[0030] In this description, 5G technology means the system of telecommunication techniques and standards and reception / transmission defined by one or more of the following organizations: NGMN Alliance (Alliance for Next Generation Mobile Networks - Frankfurt am Main - Germany), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0031] In alternative or in combination with the preceding definition, 5G technology in this description may be understood as a telecommunications technology conforming to the 5G NR (New Radio) standard developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0032] Fig. 1 relates to a structure for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves according to a first particular embodiment of the present invention, indicated by the overall reference number 1.

[0033] The structure 1, 1' comprises one or more antennas 3, 3' of which at least one is configured to emit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a fundamental frequency between 0.7-400 GHz (gigahertz) or between 2-400 GHz (gigahertz) and a camouflage envelope 5 which extends around the antenna 3, 3' and / or encloses it at least partially and preferably encloses it totally.

[0034] Each of these antennas 3, 3' can have very compact dimensions, for example a height of about 0.4 meters, a width of about 0.36 meters and a depth of about 0.18 meters.

[0035] Preferably, one or more of these antennas, and possibly all of them, 3, 3' is an antenna of a 5G telecommunications system, i.e. made with 5G technology.

[0036] Each of these antennas 3, 3' can, for example, have one or more of the following dimensions:

[0037] - a height equal to or less than 2.8-3 meters;

[0038] - a height between 0.3-3 meters, between 0.4-2.8 meters, between 0.4-1.1 meters or between 0.5-0.9 meters;

[0039] - a width equal to or less than 0.5 meters;

[0040] - a width between 0.2-0.5 meters or between 0.3-0.4 meters;

[0041] - a depth equal to or less than 0.25 meters;

[0042] - a depth of between 0.1-0.3 meters or between 0.2-0.22 meters.

[0043] The antenna 3, 3' can be configured to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a frequency for example between 0.7-300 GHz, between 3-300 GHz, between 3-10 GHz, between 11-20 GHz, between 10-30 GHz, between 3-50 GHz, between 30-60 GHz, between 60-100 GHz, between 100-200 GHz or between 200-300 GHz.

[0044] The camouflage envelope 5 is configured to obscure the view, at least to the naked eye, of the antenna 3, 3' and includes at least one wall 7, 7', 7" made of a non-metallic material.

[0045] For this purpose, the camouflage envelope 5 can be made of an appropriately opaque or semi-opaque material, at least when viewed with the naked eye.

[0046] As for example in the embodiment of figures 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, the wall 7 of the camouflage envelope 5 may include a membrane which may in turn include at least one layer of fabric, such as for example a warp and weft fabric ([Fig.3]), mesh fabric, non-woven fabric or felt.

[0047] As for example in the embodiment of [Fig.5], the wall 7' of the camouflage envelope 5' may include at least one panel 70 made as a plate or shell of a substantially rigid material, such as polycarbonate, methacrylate or other suitable plastic material panels.

[0048] If it is made of polycarbonate or methacrylate, the plate or shell which is part of the panel 70 has an average thickness equal to or less than 3 millimeters or 5 millimeters, or between 3-5 millimeters.

[0049] Optionally, the structure 1' may comprise a plurality of panels 70, each made as a plate or shell (figures 5-7).

[0050] Each shell can have an overall shape substantially with a single ([Fig.7]) or double curvature.

[0051] Each plate can have an overall shape, for example substantially flat (figures 5,6).

[0052] In certain particular embodiments, the wall 7, 7', 7" can form a substantially continuous barrier free of through holes at least over an area extending over a total surface equal to or greater than 20%, 30% or 40% of the surface total of the respective panel or hull, or camouflage wrap 5, 5', 5", 5111,5IV, more preferably on an area equal to or greater than 50%, 60%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the total area of ​​the respective panel or hull, or camouflage wrap 5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV.

[0053] In certain particular embodiments, the wall 7, 7', 7" can form a barrier on the surface of which is distributed a plurality of through openings 11 which allow air and / or possibly sight to pass through the wall from one side to the other.

[0054] These through openings can form a more or less regular distribution and, for example, be arranged in rows and columns - thus forming, for example, a matrix - orthogonal or not to each other, a distribution substantially in a staggered or tetractys pattern, or be arranged randomly in a more or less uniform manner over the entire surface of the wall 7, 7', 7".

[0055] In certain particular embodiments, the wall 7, 7', 7" can be appropriately perforated.

[0056] In the present description, the opening ratio of the wall 7, 7', 7" is understood to mean the ratio between the sum of the areas of all its through openings 11 and the total area of ​​its overall surface.

[0057] Obviously, the opening ratio can also refer only to a particular portion of the wall 7, 7', 7".

[0058] For example, the opening ratio of the portion is the ratio between the sum of the areas of all its through openings 11 and the area of ​​length LP1, LP2 and width WP1, WP2.

[0059] The opening ratio of the wall 7, 7', 7" is preferably between 0.1-0.7 times, preferably between 0.15-0.55 times and for example between 0.16-0.23 times, between 0.24-0.33 times, between 0.34-0.49 times, between 0.5-0.55 times.

[0060] Preferably, the through openings 11 have on average a through section equal to or less than 7 square millimeters, 6 square millimeters, 5 square millimeters, 4 square millimeters, 2 square millimeters, 1 square millimeter 04.

[0061] Optionally, the through openings 11 may have on average a through section equal to or greater than 0.2 square millimeters, or 0.4 square millimeters, 1 square millimeter, 2 square millimeters, 3 square millimeters, four square millimeters.

[0062] Preferably the through openings 11 have on average a height HAP and a width WAP of between 0.5-4 millimeters, or between 1-3 millimeters, between 2-2.5 millimeters (figures 2, 3).

[0063] The abundant and distributed presence of through openings 11 on the surface of the walls 7, 7', 7" considerably reduces the thrust that the wind can exert on the walls 7, 7', 7" themselves, considerably facilitate the cooling by air convection of the antenna 3, 30 and / or other electronic equipment contained in the enclosure 5, 5', 5".

[0064] Preferably, the wall 7, 7', 7" is provided with through openings 11 at least over a total area equal to or greater than 20% of the total area of ​​the camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV.

[0065] The aperture ratio and / or the density of through-openings of the wall 7, 7', 7" may have the values ​​described above at least on a portion of the wall 7, 7', 7" itself that extends over a total area equal to or greater than 20% of the total area of ​​the camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5", 5UI, and optionally on a portion of the wall 7, 7', 7" that extends over a total area equal to or greater than 30%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the total area of ​​the camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5", 5IU

[0066] At the same time, the envelope 5, 5', 5", 5111, 5IV succeeds in effectively masking the view of the antennas 3, 3', 3" which it contains, preventing the urban or extra-urban landscape from being disfigured.

[0067] In addition, the values ​​indicated above for the aperture ratio and / or the density of passing openings of the wall 7, 7', 7" contribute considerably to making the envelope 5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV more radio transparent, to reducing distortion and attenuation of electromagnetic emissions from the antenna 3, 3', 3" as well as to reducing wind pressure on the camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV.

[0068] When it includes a membrane, one or more plates, shells or other substantially rigid panels, the wall 7, 7', 7" can form a net or a grid (figures 2, 3).

[0069] When it includes a membrane, the wall 7, 7', 7" can form a net, formed for example of braided wires or of a sheet of a solid material openworked appropriately (figures 2, 3).

[0070] When the wall 7, 7', 7", 7111 includes a membrane, the latter may be made of polyester textile fibers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) possibly flame retardant, polyamide, aliphatic or aromatic polyamide, nylon 6, nylon 6.6, aramid fibers or other suitable synthetic resin.

[0071] Advantageously, these yarns have a count equal to or less than 10,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 9,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 7,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 5,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 3,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 2,000 dtex, more preferably equal to or less than 1,100 dtex, even more preferably equal to or less than 800 dtex.

[0072] These relatively low title values ​​contribute to making the membrane of the wall 7, 7', 7", 7111 very transparent from a radio point of view, thus considerably reducing distortions and disturbances of the emissions from the antennas 3, 3', especially if they are generated with beamforming techniques and more generally with 5G technology.

[0073] The wall 7, 7', 7" has an average thickness preferably equal to or less than 8 millimeters, more preferably equal to or less than 5 millimeters, more preferably equal to or less than 3 millimeters, more preferably equal to or less than 1.5 millimeters, more preferably equal to or less than 1.3 millimeters, more preferably equal to or less than 1 millimeter, even more preferably equal to or less than 0.8 millimeters.

[0074] These reduced thicknesses contribute to reducing the fraction of electromagnetic waves absorbed or reflected by the wall 7, 7', 7", as well as reducing the weight of the camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV with many consequent advantages: a pre-existing supporting structure such as a pole, tower or pylon when it is modernized to support a greater number of antennas with 5G technology; in addition, its oscillations caused by the wind have a lower amplitude and put less stress on the pole, tower or pylon.

[0075] Optionally, the wall 7, 7', 7" has an average thickness preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 millimeter, 0.7 millimeter, 0.9 millimeter, 1.2 millimeter, 1.4 millimeter.

[0076] Advantageously, the panels 7' can form a shell of substantially cylindrical shape (figures 7, 7A), particularly suitable for optimizing the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic waves emitted by most, if not all, of the antennas 3, 3': the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna 3, 3' normally strike the internal surface of the substantially cylindrical shell, reducing attenuation.

[0077] The camouflage envelope may include a support chassis.

[0078] As for example in the embodiments of figures 1, 4, 5, the support frame 9, 9', 9" can comprise a plurality of uprights 90, 90' substantially parallel or longitudinal to each other.

[0079] Optionally, the support frame 9', 9" may include one or more cross members 94' which support and / or hold in place one or more respective uprights 90' ([Fig.4]).

[0080] Advantageously, these 94' cross members are produced by metal wire drawing or plastic extrusion.

[0081] Preferably, the 94' sleepers are made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0082] The wall 7 can be fixed to one or more of these uprights 90 and / or stretched between them, especially if it includes a fabric or other membrane ([Fig.1]).

[0083] As for example in the embodiment of figures 5, 6, 8, the support frame 9' can include one or more stiffening frames 92, 92' of general shape for example substantially rectangular, square, rhomboidal, triangular, trapezoidal, polygonal, circular.

[0084] Each of these stiffening frames 92, 92' can include a plurality of bars, beams, joists, slats or profiles 920, 920' on which or on which the membrane forming the wall 7, 7', 7" can be stretched or otherwise fixed and held in shape.

[0085] These bars, beams, joists, slats or profiles 920, 920' can be made of polyurethane, other synthetic resins or other radio-transparent materials or even of aluminum or other metallic materials; undesirable reflections against metallic surfaces can be avoided by narrowing and appropriately directing the emission beams of the antennas 3, 3'.

[0086] To these bars, beams, joists, battens or profiles 920, 920' the panels 70 or the membranes 7, 7', 7" can be fixed

[0087] The support chassis 9, 9', 9" can include a structural part 94 to which one or more frames 92' can be attached ([Fig.9]).

[0088] The structural part 94 advantageously comprises one or more profiles grooved along their entire length, for example so that the longitudinal grooves of these profiles are dovetailed or form suitable undercuts, such as for example the profiles of the company ITEM INDUSTRIETECHNIK GmbH (Solingen, Germany).

[0089] Each frame 92' can be fixed to the structural part 94, for example by hooking it by means of suitable screws, bolts or dowels 96 which for example hook -or otherwise engage - in turn with suitable grooves - for example dovetail or which in any way form undercuts - made in the profiles which form the structural part 94.

[0090] In this way, the total weight of the 5111 camouflage envelope is reduced by facilitating its assembly.

[0091] In some embodiments, each 5" camouflage envelope can have the general shape of a box and have a shape for example prismatic (figures 5, 6), cubic, parallelepiped, pyramidal, truncated pyramid, conical, truncated cone, polyhedron.

[0092] In this case, each camouflage envelope 5" can optionally be closed at the bottom by a base 50 and / or closed at the top by a cover or roof 52 ([Fig.6]).

[0093] The base 50 and the cover or roof 52 can also be made as membranes, plates, shells or panels of the same material - for example fabric, non-woven fabric, felt, net, grid, perforated layers or substantially without through holes - as that from which the wall 7, 7', 7" can be formed.

[0094] Alternatively, the base 50 and the cover or roof 52 can be substantially rigid plates or shells, for example made of rigid structural non-expanded polyurethane or other plastic materials for example non-expanded.

[0095] This wall 7, 7', 7" can form, for example, the sides of the corresponding camouflage envelope 5, 5', 5".

[0096] In some embodiments, each camouflage envelope 511 \ 5IV may have a general tubular shape and have a bottom and a top or more, generally two, substantially open ends (Figures 7, 10, 11) so as to promote the cooling of the antenna 3' contained inside by natural convection and, more generally, through greater ventilation and air exchange with the outside.

[0097] For this purpose, the camouflage envelope 5IU, 5IV may for example be devoid of a base 50 and a roof or cover 52 (figures 7, 10, 11).

[0098] As for example in the embodiment of figures 10, 11, the camouflage envelope 5IV can include a wall 7111 formed by a membrane which in turn forms a tubular pocket or sleeve of a shape for example cylindrical, prismatic, pyramidal, truncated pyramid, conical, truncated conical, spindle, ellipsoid.

[0099] The camouflages 5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV can be mounted and supported for example by a suitable post 13', 13", 13111 possibly vertical (figures 4, 6, 10, 11).

[0100] The 5Iv camouflage can be retractable and extendable reversibly (figures 10, 11).

[0101] For this purpose, the camouflage 5IV is advantageously provided with a withdrawal system 51 configured to fold or in any way remove the camouflage 5IV itself and, for example, its wall 7111.

[0102] The retraction system 51 may include, for example, one or more tie rods 72 which may in turn include cables or chains.

[0103] The withdrawal system 51 may include, for example, a plurality of tie rods 72 arranged in a ring or in a bundle around the cavity formed inside the wall 7111 (Figures 10, 11).

[0104] One end of each tie rod 72 can be fixed to an area of ​​the wall 7111—for example, corresponding to or near one of its ends (Figures 10, 11) or to an edge of the wall 7111—so as to lift it or in any way fold it or the remove by uncovering the 3, 3' antennas or other devices contained within the 5IV camouflage.

[0105] At least a first section 720 of each tie rod 72 can extend substantially parallel or longitudinal to the wall 7111 and adjacent to it ([Fig. 11]).

[0106] For this purpose, each tie rod 72 can be attached at one end to a first fixing ring 7202 and pass through a second fixing ring 7203.

[0107] These fixing rings 7202, 7203 can be fixed to the inner face of the wall 7111 by means of the fixing pieces 7200, fixed for example by means of stitching to the wall 7111 and also fixed to a respective ring 7202, 7203 ([Fig. 11]).

[0108] Each tie rod 72 may include a second section 722 which extends substantially parallel or longitudinal to and adjacent to the eventual post 13111 or other upright 13111, and a third section 724 which connects the first 720 and the second section 722 ([Fig.11]).

[0109] The free end of the second section 722 of the tie rod 72 can be fixed - for example attached - to the post 13111 so as to prevent the tie rod 72 from sliding by blocking the wall 7111 in a fully or partially tensioned and / or lowered position ([Fig. 11]) or in a folded and / or raised position (not shown).

[0110] In its extended or unfolded configuration, the wall 7111 can be kept in shape by a support frame 9111 which can include the post or upright 13111 and at least two end frames 98.

[0111] Each end frame 98 is preferably made of a relatively rigid material such as, for example, a metal, a wood or a plastic material with a coefficient of elasticity, for example, equal to or greater than 1 GPa or 3 GPa (Gigapascal).

[0112] Each end frame 98 can include a peripheral frame 980, for example circular in shape, one or more spokes 982 and a fixing collar 984.

[0113] Each collar 984 is preferably threaded onto the post or upright 13111.

[0114] The end frames 98 are arranged at an appropriate distance from each other along the post 13IU.

[0115] When in extended configuration, the wall 7111 can be more or less stretched on the support frame 9111, supported on it and held in shape by it.

[0116] The ends of the tubular wall 7111 are advantageously tensioned by suitable tensioning elements 700 which can be flexible rods for example made of glass-resin compound or cables which pass through suitable eyelets 702 provided in the wall 7111 so as to describe substantially a circle or ring so that by tensioning these cables or rods, the rings which they form tighten and tension, by radially narrowing it, the end of the wall 7111 ([Fig. 10]).

[0117] The eyelets 702 can be provided in elongated sections of the edge of the wall 7111 ([Fig. 10]).

[0118] The camouflage 5Iv may further include one or more stiffening elements 704, each of which stretches and maintains the shape of the wall 7IU.

[0119] Each stiffening element 704 can be made for example as a ring of material more rigid than the membrane which forms the wall 7111, for example a ring formed by a thin rod closed in a ring on itself ([Fig. 10]), for example in a glass-resin compound.

[0120] The stiffening elements 704, if they are of annular shape, can for example be housed in suitable pockets provided in the wall 7111 and rest in respective planes perpendicular or in any way transverse to the longitudinal axis of the camouflage 5IV([Fig.10]).

[0121] One of these stiffening elements 704 can be arranged for example near or in correspondence with the median axis of the camouflage 5IV.

[0122] A possible example of the operation and use of the withdrawal system 51 will now be described.

[0123] The tubular envelope formed by the wall 7111 is preferably oriented vertically (figures 10, 11).

[0124] By pulling down the second section 722 of the tie rod 72, the first section 720 is pulled up (arrow Fl on the [Fig. 11]) by lifting the lower edge of the tubular envelope formed by the wall 7111, until, for example, the possible antennas 3, 3' housed in the camouflage envelope 5IV are exposed so as to allow, for example, maintenance, and at the end of this, the lower edge of the tubular envelope formed by the wall 7UI can be lowered again by releasing the second section 722 of the tie rod 72.

[0125] A camouflage 5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV forms a chamber or other internal cavity having a volume, for example:

[0126] - equal to or greater than 0.03 cubic meters;

[0127] - equal to or greater than 1 cubic meter;

[0128] - equal to or less than 16 cubic meters, 5 cubic meters, 4 cubic meters or 3 meters cubes;

[0129] - between 0.03-16 cubic meters;

[0130] - between 0.03-1.1 cubic meters;

[0131] - between 0.05-16 cubic meters;

[0132] - between 0.03-10 cubic meters;

[0133] - between 0.05-10 cubic meters;

[0134] - between 0.03-7 cubic meters;

[0135] - between 0.05-7 cubic meters;

[0136] - between 0.5-6 cubic meters;

[0137] - between 1-4 cubic meters;

[0138] - between 2-3 cubic meters;

[0139] - between 3-5 cubic meters.

[0140] A camouflage 5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV has cross-sections having an area per example :

[0141] - equal to or greater than 0.05 square meters;

[0142] - equal to or greater than 0.06 square meters;

[0143] - equal to or greater than 0.07 square meters;

[0144] - equal to or greater than 0.1 square meters;

[0145] - equal to or less than 3.8 square meters;

[0146] - equal to or less than 4 square meters.

[0147] If the 5IU, 5IV camouflage has a generally oblong shape, these cross sections refer to ideal section planes transverse to the direction in which the camouflage extends principally.

[0148] The embodiments described above are subject to various modifications and variations without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0149] For example, any reference in this description to "an embodiment", "an example of an embodiment" means that a particular feature or structure described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention and in particular in a particular variant of the invention as defined in a principal claim.

[0150] The fact that such expressions appear in various passages of the description does not imply that they necessarily refer only to this same mode of embodiment.

[0151] Furthermore, when a feature, element or structure is described in connection with a particular embodiment, it should be noted that it is within the competence of a person skilled in the art to apply that feature, element or structure to other embodiments.

[0152] Numerical references which differ only by different upper indices, for example 21', 21", 21IU, unless otherwise specified, indicate various variants of an element called in the same way.

[0153] In addition, all details are replaceable by technically equivalent elements.

[0154] For example, the materials used, as well as the dimensions, can be any of which depend on the technical requirements.

[0155] It must be understood that an expression of the type "A includes B, C, D" or "A is formed of B, C, D" also includes and describes the special case in which "A consists of B, C, D".

[0156] The expression "A includes an element B", unless otherwise specified, should be understood as "A includes one or more elements B".

[0157] References to a "first, second, third, ... n-th entity" are solely intended to differentiate them from one another, but the indication of the nth entity does not necessarily imply the existence of the first, second, ... (nl)-th entity.

[0158] The examples and lists of possible variants of this application should be understood as non-exhaustive lists.

Claims

Demands

1. A structure (1, 1', 1") for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, comprising an antenna (3, 3') configured to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 0.7 and 400 Gigahertz and a camouflage enclosure (5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV) that extends around the antenna (3, 3') and / or at least partially encloses it, concealing it at least partially, and the camouflage enclosure comprises at least one wall (7, 7', 7") made of a non-metallic material, characterized in that: - one or more of said antennas (3, 3') are made with 5G technology and / or configured to operate in a telecommunications and / or receive / transmit system with 5G technology; and - the wall (7, 7', 7") comprises a membrane forming a mesh, made of braided wires, and these wires have a title equal to or less than 10.000 dtex; or - the wall (7, 7', 7") forms an openwork barrier on the surface of which is distributed a plurality of through openings (11) which allow air and / or possibly sight to pass through the wall from one side to the other, and the opening ratio of the wall (7, 7', 7") is between 0.1-0.7 times; or - the wall (7, 7', 7") forms an openwork barrier on the surface of which is distributed a plurality of through openings (11) which allow air and / or possibly sight to pass through the wall from one side to the other, and the through openings (11) have on average a height (HAP) and / or a width (WAP) between 0.5-4 millimeters.

2. Structure (1, 1', 1") according to claim 1, wherein the antenna (3, 3') is configured to emit and / or receive electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 0.7-300 Gigahertz.

3. Structure (1, 1', 1") according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope has an average thickness equal to or less than 5 millimeters.

4. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5") 5UI, 5IV) includes at least one layer of fabric, such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric or a felt.

5. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV) comprises a grid or net.

6. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV) comprises a sheet and / or a membrane.

7. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5", 5UI, $iV) forms a substantially continuous barrier and is free of through holes at least over an area which extends over a total surface area equal to or greater than 20% of the total surface area of ​​the camouflage envelope.

8. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5", 5UI, 5IV) is provided with a plurality of through-openings (11) which pass through it.

9. Structure according to one or more prior claims, wherein the wall (7, 7', 7") of the camouflage envelope (5, 5', 5", 5IU, 5IV) is made of one or more materials that are opaque or translucent at least to visible light when viewed with the naked eye

10. nu. 5G technology telecommunications system, comprising a structure (1, 1', 1") having the characteristics according to one or more preceding claims.

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