Device and method for measuring the thermal performance of a building

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring a dynamic thermal response of a volume, comprising a closed building comprising an opening; - a controllable fan capable of blowing air into the closed building for the overpressured volume; - heating means; - means for connecting the fan to the opening; - a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; and - an acquisition and control unit capable of acquiring signals from the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, and capable of transmitting a control instruction to the controllable fan and a control instruction to the heating means. The invention also relates to a method implementing this device. Abstract figure: figure 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Device and method for measuring the thermal performance of a building

[0001] The invention relates to a device and a method suitable for determining the thermal performance of a building, more particularly the dynamic thermal performance of a building. Technical field

[0002] The invention belongs to the field of measurement and inspection methods intended for determining the thermal performance of a residential or tertiary building, and more generally of any closed building.

[0003] The device and method which are the subject of the invention are more particularly suitable for determining the dynamic thermal performance of a building. Prior art

[0004] Heating or air conditioning of buildings, regardless of the technology used, contributes very significantly to energy consumption, as well as to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental impacts.

[0005] Improving the thermal performance of buildings, either through insulation work on the envelope for old buildings, or from the design stage for new buildings, makes it possible to reduce energy consumption, consequently reducing GHG emissions and other environmental impacts, but also to reduce the operating costs of these buildings and improve their comfort.

[0006] For example, in France, successive Thermal Regulations (RT) since 1974 (RT 2000, RT 2005, RT 2012, RE a) impose increasingly demanding thermal performance on new constructions.

[0007] Thus, if RT 2012 limited the energy consumption of the "5 uses" (heating, production of domestic hot water, cooling, lighting and auxiliaries), of a building to 50 kWhep / m2 / year on average, RT 2020 will impose, for its part, a heating consumption ceiling of 12 kWhep / m2 / year.

[0008] These objectives are achieved by the thermal insulation of the building envelope, but also by the use of high-performance technical systems (optimal regulation, modular burners, variable flow circulators, double flow CMV, etc.) and adapted to the building they equip.

[0009] To enable these improvements, it is necessary, prior to new construction or renovation work on an existing building, to characterize the building in its dynamic thermal behavior, that is to say to be able to quantify, with regard to a given climate and usage scenarios, the injection or extraction of thermal flows, the storage of heat and parasitic infiltrations over a given period.

[0010] However, beyond the design, the actual construction of the building on site or in the factory can lead to performances relatively far removed from those expected during the theoretical study and the definition of these intrinsic thermal characteristics,

[0011] In the absence of means to control this quality of execution by thermal measurements at a sufficiently early stage of execution, these potential defects remain and compromise the planned energy savings, thus making it difficult or even impossible to obtain a return on investment for the work or the additional cost of insulation in renovation, the development of energy performance guarantee contracts, the promotion of scrupulous companies working according to the rules of the art, the generalization of good practices and quality work, the distribution of responsibilities in the event of disputes, and the guarantee of fair use of investments of public funds within the framework of the various government plans aimed at reducing energy consumption in the building sector.

[0012] Document US 7,552,033 describes a method for performing dynamic thermal diagnosis of a building using measurements from sensors and associated with modeling. This method uses measurements while the building is used with its own temperature regulation means.

[0013] Document US 8,620,632 describes a method for measuring the dynamic thermal characteristics of a building from measurements taken over at least one season and from modeling, the thermal regulation of the building being carried out by its own means.

[0014] These methods require a long measurement time, which can be measured in weeks or even months, and do not allow the thermal diagnosis of a building not yet equipped with thermal regulation means to be carried out. Summary of the invention

[0015] The invention aims to resolve the inadequacies set out above and relates to this end to a system having the characteristics set out in claim 1.

[0016] The system for measuring a dynamic thermal response of a volume comprises a closed building delimiting the volume having at least one opening;

[0017] - a controllable fan capable of blowing air into the closed building for the volume in overpressure with respect to a pressure external to the closed building;

[0018] - heating means capable of heating the volume delimited by the closed building

[0019] - means for connecting the fan to the opening;

[0020] - a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor capable of measuring the pressure and the air temperature in the volume; and

[0021] - an acquisition and control center comprising memory means capable of contain a computer program, calculation means, an acquisition interface capable of acquiring signals from the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, a control interface capable of transmitting a control instruction to the controllable fan and a control instruction to the heating means, said computer program being capable of controlling the control interface and the transmission of the temperature and pressure instructions according to the data acquired by the acquisition interface.

[0022] This device makes it possible to control the temperature, and / or the heating power, and the pressure in a closed building or part of a building, and to carry out measurements, according to temperature / pressure cycles or scenarios.

[0023] The invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments and variants set out below, which are to be considered individually or according to any technically effective combination.

[0024] According to an exemplary implementation, the closed building comprises an opening separate from the opening and the device comprises removable means capable of blocking thermal radiation through the opening separate from the opening. Thus, blocking the opening (glass, window) makes it possible to limit the influence of radiation such as solar radiation and thermal flows entering or leaving through these openings, whether the measurements are carried out during the day or at night.

[0025] Advantageously, the means for concealing the separate opening of the opening comprise a reflective sheet. This method of implementation is lightweight and easily deployable even in a building comprising numerous openings.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the separate opening of the opening comprises a wall closing the opening and a spacer makes it possible to separate the reflective sheet from the wall closing the opening. This embodiment provides additional thermal insulation between the wall and the interior of the building.

[0027] According to a variant, the removable means comprise a plurality of suction cups capable of adhering to the wall closing the opening. The suction cups provide both the function of removable attachment of the reflective sheet and of spacer. Thus the means for concealing the openings of the building are easily transported on site and quickly installed.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the means for connecting the controllable fan to the opening comprise a cover capable of concealing the opening outside of an insufflation passage for the controllable fan, and comprise a flow sensor. thermal measuring a heat flux passing through the tarpaulin. This embodiment makes it possible to take into account, in particular, heat losses through the occultation of the opening during the dynamic performance characterization cycles.

[0029] According to a particular embodiment, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises an insufflation duct and an extraction duct in air communication and means for connecting said ducts to the opening of the closed building and the controllable fan is capable of producing a circulation of air passing through the insufflation duct and through the extraction duct.

[0030] This embodiment makes it possible to bring together the essential part of the device which is the subject of the invention in a transportable machine which can be easily connected to any building.

[0031] According to this embodiment, the heating means are capable of heating the air in the insufflation duct.

[0032] Advantageously, the device according to this latter embodiment comprises a first register capable of placing the extraction duct in air communication with a first duct in bypass and in communication with the outside air.

[0033] Depending on whether said first register is placed upstream or downstream of the bypass duct, this makes it possible to regulate the pressure in the building during circulation in an open loop or in a closed loop.

[0034] Advantageously, according to this embodiment, the device also comprises a second register capable of placing the extraction duct in air communication with a second bypass duct and in communication with the outside air, in which the first register is placed upstream of the first bypass duct and the second register is placed downstream of the second bypass duct in the direction of air circulation.

[0035] This embodiment makes it possible to control the pressure inside the building upwards or downwards during open loop operation and closed loop operation of the device.

[0036] Advantageously, the device comprises motorization means capable of controlling the opening and closing of the first or second register, the control interface being capable of transmitting a register control instruction to said motorization means, the computer program being capable of controlling the transmission of said register control instruction.

[0037] Advantageously, the closed building comprises a roof and a radiation sensor is fixed to the roof of the building, a signal from the radiation sensor is directed to the acquisition interface.

[0038] Also advantageously, the closed building comprises a facade and the device comprises a camera filming the facade of the building, a signal from the camera being directed to the control and acquisition center.

[0039] The radiation sensor and the camera make it possible to measure different components of the solar radiation incident on the facades to evaluate its contribution to the thermal response of the building.

[0040] The invention also relates to a method for measuring the dynamic thermal response of a closed building comprising steps consisting of:

[0041] i) concealing (310) the openings (112, 512) of the building;

[0042] ii) installing (320) the controllable fan (130, 530) and the heating means (140, 540);

[0043] iii) starting a first cycle (330) to calibrate the device with respect to the closed building;

[0044] iv) starting a series of test cycles (340) to identify the dynamic thermal performance parameters of the closed building.

[0045] According to one embodiment, part of step iv) is carried out during the day and another part at night.

[0046] Step iv) comprises pressurizing the interior of the closed building relative to the exterior by a value equal to or greater than 10 Pa.

[0047] The heating means (140, 540) and the controllable fan (530, 130) are activated simultaneously throughout the cycles of step iv). This characteristic makes it possible to prevent air infiltration during the thermal stress on the building.

[0048] The means for concealing the openings remain installed throughout step iv).

[0049] Advantageously, the duration of step iv) is less than 96 continuous hours. Brief description of the drawings

[0050] The invention is implemented according to the preferred embodiments set out below, which are in no way limiting, and with reference to figures 1 to 5 in which:

[0051] [Fig.l]

[0052] [Fig.l] schematically represents an installation implementing an embodiment of the device according to the invention for measuring the thermal performance of a building;

[0053] [Fig.2]

[0054] [Fig.2] shows in a partial sectional view an example of treatment of a light opening in a facade for the purpose of carrying out measurements according to the method which is the subject of the invention;

[0055] [Fig.3]

[0056] [Fig.3] is a flowchart of an example of implementation of the method which is the subject of the invention;

[0057] [Fig.4]

[0058] [Fig.4] shows an example of a cycle carried out using the device which is the subject of the invention;

[0059] [Fig.5]

[0060] [Fig.5] schematically shows another embodiment of a device according to the invention.

[0061] General definitions

[0062] A person skilled in the art is able to define the type of building concerned by the present invention. To avoid any misinterpretation, throughout the text, a closed building is a volume delimited by walls which separate all of its faces from the exterior, or from another closed building.

[0063] Thus, according to a current example of embodiment, a closed building comprises a floor, facades on all its side faces, and a roof, whatever the nature of the facades and the roof.

[0064] Without departing from this definition, said building comprises one or more internal partitions, horizontal or vertical, that is to say one or more rooms or one or more levels.

[0065] According to a particular embodiment and by extension of the definition, an internal partition can be, for certain applications of the device and the method which are the subject of the invention, considered as a building. In this case the internal partitions are the facades and the ceiling the roof.

[0066] The facades and the roof have the effect of making the interior of the closed building "watertight" but do not necessarily ensure perfect airtightness, more particularly with regard to the roof but also certain facade zones, in particular at the level of the connection with openings, for example ventilation, or conduit passages.

[0067] Principle of the invention

[0068] The principle of the invention consists in acquiring the temporal variations of the temperature in one or more zones of the building, by implementing a system adapted to take into account the exogenous phenomena influencing the thermal performance of the building, according to different modes linked for some to the structural characteristics of the building, its inertia and its insulation, and for others to the unexpected thermal or aeraulic exchanges between the external atmosphere and the internal atmosphere. The temporal variations of the temperature acquired inside the building are subject to processing taking into account external variations (sunshine, external temperature, wind, etc.) as well as variations caused optionally, for example by blowing in fresh air.

[0069] For this, the invention provides an acquisition system for a relatively short period of less than 5 days, to have thermal stress cycles available. of the building resulting from variations in external and / or internal conditions, with a heating system making it possible to subject the building to a predefined or dynamic thermal load, as well as with a fan making it possible to create a controlled, continuous or controlled air flow between the exterior and the interior of the building.

[0070] Depending on the mode of use, this fan makes it possible to introduce air only to cool the building, at a flow rate and over a duration responding to the predefined or dynamic thermal load scenario, while maintaining the internal pressure equal to the external pressure, and / or to create an overpressure to eliminate parasitic air infiltrations, through poorly sealed parts of the building. The heat input of the air blown in to create an overpressure being measured to take it into account in the processing of thermal information.

[0071] If the building is recent (and therefore rather airtight) the building will be put under overpressure for the entire duration of the test, and the fan can also be used to introduce fresh air at specific times of thermal stress (negative power).

[0072] Overpressure provides an obvious advantage, but it is not systematic to put the building under overpressure test in all circumstances. The use of the fan to overpressurize the building is of a duration equivalent to that of the test, and if the building is not airtight at all, there is a risk that overpressure requires a significant ventilation flow rate and prevents the building from rising in temperature during the heating phase (positive power) of the internal thermal stress scenario. In this specific case, air infiltrations will not be avoided, but can simply be calculated or estimated. The fan will always present an advantage for cooling, which is limited to only the periods of cold stress (negative power) determined by the stress scenario (which is itself predefined before the process or dynamic). Description of the embodiments

[0073] [Fig.5] in accordance with the above, according to an exemplary embodiment the building closed (500) delimits an internal volume to a building and comprises at least one opening consisting of a closable opening (511) in a facade, a partition or a ceiling or in the roof, opening whose open surface is less than the surface of said facade of said partition, said ceiling or said roof, to allow access to the interior volume thus delimited.

[0074] The facades and partitions are generally opaque but may include light openings (512), allowing light to enter the volume delimited by the closed building, said light openings being watertight.

[0075] Finally, the closed building may include conduits or pipes techniques connecting it to the external environment, such as chimneys, ventilation columns or means of ventilation.

[0076] The simplified expression of the thermal response of a room delimiting such a closed volume subjected to a heat transfer in transient mode is given by the equation:

[0077] [Math.l] CdT* = (q-KT^dt

[0078] where T* is the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the premises, that is to say between the volume delimited by the partitions or facades, and the volume outside these facades, expressed in kelvins, K is the conductance of the envelope separating the premises from the outside, expressed in watts per kelvin, t is the time, q expressed in watts, is the total thermal power supplied to the inside of the premises, and C expressed in joules per kelvin, is a coefficient of thermal inertia which represents the total energy necessary to increase the temperature by 1 K inside the premises at a constant outside temperature.

[0079] Throughout the text, the expression “measuring the dynamic thermal performance of a building” is equivalent to determining, for this building, or building, at least one value of K and C.

[0080] A person skilled in the art understands that in a real case the values of C and K are variable depending on the facade considered, the external conditions and the internal conditions of the building and that this equation is given only as an indication to establish a definition of dynamic thermal performance.

[0081] The device which is the subject of the invention comprises a controllable fan (530) installed at the level of the opening (511), where appropriate by concealing this opening by suitable means.

[0082] Thus the opening is for example hidden by a tarpaulin (531) which has an open passage to allow the fan (530) to blow air into the closed building.

[0083] The principle of the invention consists of providing calories by a heating system whose power is known, and can possibly be controlled for dynamic variations in the supply of calories, and of putting the building in suppression mode to avoid the unexpected penetration of outside air and incidentally to contribute to the controlled thermal modulation of the interior volume of the building by the air introduced via the fan, whose flow rate is known, and can possibly be controlled to apply dynamic variations.

[0084] To limit parasitic thermal developments, the principle of the invention also consists, preferably, in obscuring the openings with a reflective obscuring material positioned at a distance from the opening to avoid thermal transmission by the contact with the insulation.

[0085] Said fan (530) is intended to blow air into or extract air from the volume delimited by the closed building (500), in particular to blow air into it to put this volume under slight overpressure, with a known or dynamically controlled flow rate.

[0086] To this end, one or more pressure sensors (591) make it possible to measure this overpressure and to control the fan (530) accordingly according to an alternative embodiment.

[0087] The device also comprises a means (540) for controlling the temperature inside the volume delimited by the closed building (500). This temperature control means is preferably also controlled according to a setpoint and a temperature measurement measured by a temperature sensor (592).

[0088] The device comprises an acquisition and control center (190) constituted, for example, by a microcomputer allowing the fan (530) and the temperature control means (540) to be controlled, the data from the sensors (591, 592) to be acquired and pressure-temperature stress programs to be imposed, in order to determine the dynamic thermal response of the target building.

[0089] Furthermore, the device comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, a heat flux sensor (593) at least at the level of the occultation of the opening ape to measure the heat flux of loss from the interior volume delimited by the partitions and ceilings, or facades and roofs of the closed building towards the exterior of this volume, or a heat flux entering from the exterior into this closed volume. The volume studied delimited by the closed building being put under overpressure these heat fluxes are low and essentially heat loss fluxes from the interior towards the exterior and essentially radiation fluxes as regards the incoming fluxes.

[0090] [Fig.l] According to another exemplary embodiment, the installation (100) for measuring the dynamic thermal performance of a building (110) comprising an opening (111) such as a door, comprises a device for forced circulation of air in said building, in the form of an autonomous or quasi-autonomous machine, which device comprises an insufflation duct (121) and an extraction duct (122) in air communication, the forced circulation being ensured by a fan (130).

[0091] This embodiment makes it possible to measure a dynamic thermal response of a building at an early stage of its construction.

[0092] As indicated above, the building (110) is a closed building whose interior space is separated from the exterior by facades (115) and a roof (116).

[0093] The facades and the roof comprise, according to this exemplary embodiment, one or more light openings (112, 113).

[0094] According to this exemplary embodiment, the extraction and insufflation conduits (122, 121) are made of galvanized steel and are similar to the ducts used in installations of air conditioning.

[0095] The supply and extraction ducts (121, 122) are connected to the internal volume of the building, preferably through an opening (111) of the building, door or window.

[0096] To this end, according to an exemplary embodiment, a false opening, consisting for example of a tarpaulin or an insulating panel such as a sandwich comprising an insulating material, such as polystyrene or rock wool, between two sheets of plywood or Tri-Ply® is installed in place of a leaf of the original opening and includes passages for the airtight connection of the conduit ducts with the interior of the building.

[0097] The device comprises heating means (140) for heating the air blown into the room. Said heating means are of any type, for example by a fuel boiler, with a preference for electric heating by electric resistance.

[0098] Advantageously, both the heating means and the fan are sized according to the interior volume of the building to be tested. Alternatively, several devices of this type can be used in parallel on the same building.

[0099] As an indication, the heating power commonly installed is 6 kW.

[0100] The device advantageously comprises one or more pressure sensors (191) and one or more temperature sensors (192) installed on the conduits, and as in the previous embodiment, optionally one or more thermal flow sensors (193) at the opening and / or openings.

[0101] According to an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises one or more registers (151, 152) capable of placing the extraction duct (122) in air communication with a bypass duct (123, 124) in communication with the outside open air.

[0102] In the nominal position of said registers, the air extracted from the building is re-injected into the building via the insufflation duct (121).

[0103] According to an alternative embodiment, the bypass duct (123) is upstream of the register (151) in the direction of air circulation in the duct. In this case, when the register is in the operated position, the interior of the building is put into communication with the outside air so that the pressures are balanced between the outside and the inside of the building.

[0104] According to another alternative embodiment, the bypass duct (124) is downstream of the register (152) in the direction of air circulation. In this case, when the register is in the operated position, the fan no longer draws air from inside the building but from outside air, the pressure in the building increases.

[0105] Whatever the embodiment, maintaining the building closed at a pressure in slightly higher than the outside temperature, for example 10 Pa higher, eliminates the risk of parasitic air infiltration during measurements and therefore eliminates the associated uncertainties.

[0106] According to yet another embodiment variant, the two previous variants are combined and two registers (151, 152) are installed on the extraction duct (122).

[0107] Thus, the use of said registers makes it possible to switch from blowing air in recycling mode to blowing air in “all fresh air” mode. Once the volume delimited by the building is heated, it is therefore possible to cool it by blowing outside air at a lower temperature. These possibilities make it possible to program different types of thermal stress on the volume delimited by the closed building to determine its dynamic performance.

[0108] According to an exemplary embodiment, the dampers (151, 152) can be controlled in any position between the nominal position and the operated position, thus the quantity of outside air blown into the closed building can be controlled, in particular to obtain a configuration where the air sucked into the interior of the building is re-injected into it but with a small quantity of outside air to maintain the interior of the building at slight overpressure regardless of leaks.

[0109] The installation advantageously comprises sensors for characterizing the external environment. Thus, by way of non-limiting example, the installation comprises one or more external temperature sensors (not shown).

[0110] According to one embodiment, the installation also comprises one or more sensors (196) capable of measuring the power of the incident solar radiation, in particular at the level of the roof (116) of the building.

[0111] Additionally, the installation also comprises one or more cameras (195), oriented towards one or more facades (115) of the building, in particular to measure the shadow zones.

[0112] The installation is controlled by an acquisition and control center (190) consisting for example of a microcomputer, which includes an acquisition card capable of receiving the digital or analog signals from the pressure, temperature, radiation sensors and cameras, via wired or radio links.

[0113] The microcomputer also comprises a control interface capable of generating digital or analog instructions for controlling the various components of the device, in particular the fan (130), the heater (140) and the registers (151, 152), and for transmitting these instructions to the appropriate means via wired or radio links.

[0114] The microcomputer (190) includes in its memory means one or more computer programs capable of controlling the installation according to predefined cycles and according to the measurements from the sensors of the installation, in a loop open servo or closed servo ball.

[0115] Thus, it is possible to readjust an initially targeted pressure-temperature cycle based on the actual response of the building.

[0116] [Fig.2], prior to carrying out measurements the openings (112, 512) in the facades (115) or the roof of the building are hidden so as to minimize the influence of thermal radiation on the internal temperature of said building by installing reflective sheets masking said openings. According to alternative embodiments, said reflective sheets are flexible or rigid in nature and, depending on the configuration of the building, comprise one or two reflective faces, one reflective face being turned towards the inside or the outside of the closed building.

[0117] Advantageously, the concealment is carried out inside the building by a flexible reflective sheet (222), of the “survival blanket” type, fixed to a wall (212) closing the opening (112, 512) for example by means of a plurality of suction cups (213).

[0118] The wall (212) closing the opening is, according to exemplary embodiments, already installed in the opening (212, 512) of the building, for example a glazed wall on an opening (window) or a fixed, transparent or translucent glazed wall, or is added temporarily, so as to close the opening, during the preparation of the measurement, in particular in the case of a building under construction or being equipped.

[0119] According to this example, in addition to their fixing role, the suction cups also have a spacer function so that a space is maintained between said reflective sheet (222) and the wall (212) closing the opening, thus creating thermal insulation between said wall (212) and the interior of the building. Those skilled in the art understand that other fixing methods and other types of spacers can be used to achieve a similar result.

[0120] Optionally, temperature sensors are placed on one or more openings thus treated, a sensor (292) in the space between the wall and the reflective sheet, another sensor (294) behind said reflective sheet inside the building, or a heat flux sensor (293) measuring the heat flux passing through the reflective sheet from inside the volume analyzed. These sensors are connected to the microcomputer by a wired connection or a radio connection.

[0121] [Fig.3], according to an exemplary embodiment the implementation of the installation object of the invention, comprises a first step (310) of preparing the building. This step notably comprises the concealment of the openings, the preparation of at least one opening to connect the controllable fan or the machine as described with reference to [Fig.l], the installation of one or more sensors, notably at least one sensor among a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor thermal, a radiation sensor and a facade observation camera.

[0122] When the building includes conduits, such as chimney or ventilation conduits connecting the interior of the building with the exterior, these are sealed, for example by means of tarpaulins.

[0123] According to an installation step (320) the device is installed. According to the embodiment this installation consists of connecting the machine described [Fig.l] to the opening or connecting the fan (530 [Fig.5]) to the opening and installing the heating means (540 [Fig.5]) in the volume delimited by the closed building.

[0124] This device will then ensure the heating, pressurization, and if necessary the cooling of the building according to different cycles. Thus, the implementation of the measures does not require that the building already has its heating or air conditioning means, it can thus be carried out at an early stage of the construction of the building. However, those skilled in the art understand that such heating or air conditioning means may be present and, depending on the implementation methods and defined cycles, intervene instead of or in addition to the device which is the subject of the invention for the realization of particular cycles.

[0125] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the installation which is the subject of the invention only requires electrical energy for its operation, this being, if necessary, supplied by an electric generator or a fuel cell.

[0126] The various sensors are connected to the microcomputer.

[0127] According to an alternative embodiment, the computer is remote and the communication between the device and the computer as well as between the sensors and the computer is carried out via a telecommunications network of the Sigfox®, LoRa® or NB-IoT® type, cellular telephone, Wifi ® or internet, without these examples being limiting.

[0128] According to a calibration step (330) a first pre-programmed stress cycle is launched. The purpose of this cycle is to determine the response of the building to a stabilized overpressure, for example of +10 Pa relative to the external pressure. It makes it possible to initialize the heating power, the air flow delivered by the controllable fan and the opening of the register in the case of the use of a machine such as described with reference to [Fig.l].

[0129] According to a variant, the cycle is adapted during the measurement according to the thermal response of the building.

[0130] According to a variant, the tool stops the cycles automatically as soon as the intrinsic thermal parameters of the building have been identified.

[0131] According to a test step (340) a test program with variation of the temperature and / or the heating or cooling power is initiated in order to determine the characteristic parameters governing the dynamic thermal response of the building.

[0132] These loads are carried out with simultaneous control of the temperature and the pressure, so that the controllable fan and the heating means are always controlled simultaneously during the same load cycle.

[0133] Thus, in the case of the use of the machine as described with reference to [Fig.l], the position of the registers is regulated to maintain the building sufficiently under overpressure for the duration of the test in order to avoid any risk of infiltration. Furthermore, the rotation speed of the fans is regulated to ensure the proper functioning of the hot batteries (detachments) and the flow meter (permissible speed ranges), as well as for safety reasons (overheating).

[0134] Advantageously, the tests include a series of cycles carried out during the day and a series of cycles carried out at night in order to better identify the influence of solar radiation.

[0135] The openings remain hidden throughout the series of tests.

[0136] [Fig.4] shows an example of cycles giving as a function of time (401) in hours, the temperature (402) and the power delivered by the thermal regulation means.

[0137] More precisely, this reading gives the temperature inside the building (422) as a function of the outside temperature (421) both measured by appropriate sensors, the heating power (431) delivered by the building's own means, for example a radiator, and the power of the thermal flux generated by the device which is the subject of the invention (432) in positive values when said thermal flux is blown into the building (heating) and in negative values when said thermal flux is extracted from the building (cooling). From these cycles and the thermal response (422) of the building, the dynamic thermal behavior is evaluated.

[0138] Typically, the installation which is the subject of the invention allows the identification of the dynamic performances of a building in a reduced time compared to the prior art, typically between 12 hours and 96 continuous hours depending on the size of the building.

[0139] The exemplary embodiments show that the invention achieves the intended aim and allows rapid identification of the behavior of a building equipped or not with its heating or air conditioning means.

Claims

Claims

1. System for measuring a dynamic thermal response of a volume, comprising a closed building (110, 500) delimiting the volume and comprising an opening (111, 511) and means for measuring the temporal temperature variations at at least one point of said volume, characterized in that it comprises a fan (130, 530) capable of blowing air into the closed building and means for connecting the fan (130, 530) to the opening (111, 511); - heating means (140, 540) capable of heating the volume delimited by the closed building; - at least one temperature sensor (192, 592) capable of measuring the temperature of the air in the volume;and - a central unit (190) comprising memory means capable of containing a computer program, calculation means, an acquisition interface capable of acquiring signals from said temperature sensor, said computer program being capable of recording the data acquired by the acquisition interface as well as information relating to the power of supply of calories by said fan (130, 530) and said heating means (140, 540).;

2. System according to claim 1, in which the closed building comprises at least one opening distinct from the opening (112, 113, 512), and which comprises removable means (222, 213) capable of blocking thermal radiation through the opening distinct from said opening(s) (112, 113).

3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises at least one pressure sensor (191, 591) capable of measuring the air pressure in the volume.

4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said central unit is an acquisition (190) and control central unit further comprising a control interface capable of transmitting a control instruction for the flow rate of said fan and a control instruction for the power of said heating means, said computer program being capable of controlling the control interface and the transmission of the temperature and pressure instructions as a function of the data acquired by the acquisition interface.

5. System according to claim 2, in which the means for concealing the separate opening of the opening comprise a refr- chis health (222).

6. System according to claim 2, in the separate opening of the opening comprises a wall (212) closing the opening (112, 512) and in which a spacer makes it possible to separate the reflective sheet (222) from the wall (212) closing the opening (112, 512).

7. System according to claim 5, wherein the removable means comprise a plurality of suction cups (213) capable of adhering to the wall (212) closing the opening (222).

8. System according to claim 1, in which the means for connecting the controllable fan (530) to the opening comprise a cover (531) capable of concealing the opening outside of an insufflation passage for the controllable fan, and comprise a thermal flux sensor (593) measuring a thermal flux passing through the cover (531).

9. System according to claim 1, comprising an insufflation duct (121) and an extraction duct (122) in air communication and means for connecting said ducts to the opening (111) of the closed building and in which the controllable fan is capable of producing a circulation of air passing through the insufflation duct and through the extraction duct.

10. System according to claim 9, wherein the heating means (140) are capable of heating the air in the insufflation duct (121).

11. System according to claim 9, comprising a first register (151, 152) capable of placing the extraction duct (122) in air communication with a first duct (123, 124) in bypass and in communication with air outside the closed building.

12. System according to claim 11, comprising a second register (151, 152) capable of putting the extraction duct (122) into air communication with a second duct (123, 124) in bypass and in communication with the air outside the closed building, in which the first register (151) is placed upstream of the first bypass duct (123) and the second register (152) is placed downstream of the second bypass duct (124) in the direction of circulation of

13. air. System according to claim 11, comprising motorization means capable of controlling the opening and closing of the first and second registers (151, 152), the acquisition and control unit being capable of transmitting register control instructions to said means of motorization, the computer program being able to order a transmission of register control instructions.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the enclosed building comprises a roof, and comprising a radiation sensor (196) attached to the roof (116) of the enclosed building, a signal from the radiation sensor being directed to the acquisition control center (190).

15. System according to claim 1, in which the closed building comprises a facade (115) and which comprises a camera (195) filming the facade (115) of the building, a signal from the camera being directed towards the control and acquisition center (190).

16. A method for measuring the dynamic thermal response of a building (110) implementing a system according to claim 1, and comprising steps of: i) installing (320) the fan (130, 530) and the heating means (140, 540); ii) starting a first cycle (330) to calibrate the device with respect to the closed building; iii) starting a series of test cycles (340) to identify the parameters of the dynamic thermal performance of the closed building, a test cycle (340) taking place in less than 5 days.

17. Method for measuring the dynamic thermal response of a building (110) according to claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises a step consisting of obscuring (310) the openings (112, 512) of the building prior to the start of said first cycle.

18. A method according to claim 16, wherein part of step iii) is carried out during the day and another part at night.

19. A method according to claim 16, wherein step ii) comprises pressurizing the interior of the closed building relative to the exterior of the closed building by a value equal to or greater than 10 Pa.

20. A method according to claim 16, wherein the heating means (140, 540) and the controllable fan (530, 130) are activated simultaneously throughout the cycles of step iv).

21. A method according to claim 17, wherein the means for concealing the openings remain installed throughout step iv).

22. A method according to claim 16, wherein the duration of step iv) is less than 96 continuous hours.

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