PLANT PROTECTION COMPOSITION AND ITS USE

Abstract

Plant Protection Composition and its Use The present invention relates to a liquid plant protection composition comprising, as active agents, at least: a liquid fungicidal phosphite compound, and a plant extract of willow bark. The use of this liquid plant protection composition for the prevention and / or control of fungal diseases of the plant is also described. Figure for the abstract: None

Description

Title of the invention: PLANT PROTECTION COMPOSITION AND ITS USE technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant protection compositions intended to control fungal diseases of plants. In particular, the present invention relates to a plant protection composition, its preparation process, and its application. Previous technique

[0002] Cultivated plants are subject to numerous diseases due in particular to phytopathogenic fungi responsible for several diseases, such as downy mildew and powdery mildew of the vine.

[0003] The means of controlling these parasites generally involve different types of plant protection compositions which may include in particular phosphites and / or derivatives of copper or zinc metiram.

[0004] Tests on the use of zinc metiram as an active ingredient in plant protection products have revealed that this substance can cause skin allergies, can be toxic to aquatic organisms, and can be carcinogenic. In the same category of fungicides as zinc metiram, the use of mancozeb was banned in 2021. These studies suggest that the use of zinc metiram in plant protection products will likely be banned in the coming years.

[0005] Copper and its derivatives (copper sulfate or copper hydroxide) are considered natural products used in organic and conventional agriculture. However, reports on the evaluation of plant protection product compositions containing copper have highlighted the health and environmental risks associated with the use of these compositions. Indeed, copper compounds are not metabolized by the plant and are thus rapidly leached. Copper is therefore found in high concentrations in the environment and does not provide effective plant protection. In years when plants are severely affected by powdery mildew or downy mildew, repeated high-dose treatments are necessary to protect them. However, copper, although it is a trace element, is not a biodegradable substance and thus accumulates in the soil.

[0006] Since 2015, copper compounds have been included on the list of "candidates for substitution," meaning that these agents are of particular concern for public health or the environment. The demand for alternative solutions in order to The trend of reducing or eliminating the use of copper compounds in plant protection products is on the rise.

[0007] However, the withdrawal of copper compounds from plant protection products would deprive organic farming of the only effective solution recognized to date against several fungal diseases such as downy mildew. To date, no effective alternative treatment has been developed in organic farming to replace the use of copper compounds to combat fungal diseases.

[0008] As for acid phosphites, these are more particularly offered in fungicidal compositions for the control of fungal diseases of plants.

[0009] Document FR2917947 relates to a plant protection product composition comprising It contains mancozeb, at least one terpene derivative, and at least one copper compound. This composition has the disadvantage of containing a high quantity of controversial, or even banned, synthetic substances that accumulate in the environment.

[0010] Document FR2867026 relates to a plant protection product composition comprising an active compound, phosphite, and a vegetable essential oil. Although this composition is effective against fungal diseases of the plant, essential oils are likely to be toxic to humans and the environment, in addition to exhibiting relative selectivity on certain types of plants. Essential oils used in agriculture can harm insects and cause biological disruptions detrimental to the cultivation of certain plants.

[0011] It follows from the above that the compositions currently on the market, for Products used to combat fungal diseases of the plant contain large quantities of controversial synthetic substances that pose health and environmental problems. Furthermore, several of these compounds, such as zinc metiram, are likely to be banned in the coming years.

[0012] Thus, there is a need to make available new plant protection compositions that do not include compounds that present risks to health and the environment.

[0013] There is a need to make available new plant protection compositions that do not include compounds that are likely to be prohibited.

[0014] There is a need for new plant protection compositions that limit the use of synthetic compounds.

[0015] There is also a need for new plant protection compositions that carry low risks to health and the environment while being effective against fungal diseases.

[0016] There is a need for new plant protection compositions which leave little or no phosphite residues.

[0017] There is a need for new plant protection compositions for organic farming.

[0018] There is a need for new plant protection compositions that do not alter plant physiology.

[0019] There is a need for new plant protection compositions with low production costs.

[0020] There is a need for new solutions in order to reduce the treatment doses of known plant protection compositions comprising controversial compounds.

[0021] The present description aims to propose new plant protection compositions and plant protection kits that satisfy all or part of these needs. Statement of this description

[0022] The present description relates to a liquid phytosanitary composition comprising, as active agents, at least: a fungicidal phosphite compound, and a vegetable extract of willow bark.

[0023] As detailed in the examples below, it has been observed that monopotassium phosphonate combined with a willow bark extract, particularly in the form of a willow bark infusion, provides effective protection for plants, especially grapevines, against fungal diseases such as downy mildew, while avoiding any alteration of the plant's physiology. The plant protection compositions and kits described herein allow, in particular, for complementary efficacy between the fungicidal phosphite compound and the willow bark infusion. Indeed, it has been shown that phosphites, especially monopotassium phosphonate, are very effective against fungal diseases on plant leaves but less effective on fruit, such as grape clusters.Conversely, it is known that plant extracts of willow bark, in particular willow bark tea, are very effective in combating fungal diseases on grape bunches but not very effective on the leaves of plants.

[0024] Thus, since the vegetable extract of willow bark has little preventive or treatment effect to combat fungal diseases on plant leaves, it could not be foreseen or envisaged that the association of a fungicidal phosphite compound, in particular potassium phosphonate, with a vegetable extract of willow bark, in particular a willow bark infusion, would improve the effect of the fungicidal phosphite compound against fungal diseases on plant leaves.

[0025] Furthermore, the combination of a fungicidal phosphite compound with willow bark tea has the advantage of reducing the doses per hectare of willow bark tea and thus avoiding any potential adverse effects of willow bark on crops.

[0026] All the elements provided by the phytosanitary composition described herein are metabolizable by plants to meet their trophic needs for growth and reproduction. Thus, said phytosanitary composition avoids the risk of accumulation of toxic compounds in the environment and presents little risk of generating toxic effluents.

[0027] In addition to its effects on fungal diseases, the phytosanitary composition described herein has numerous other advantages. The phytosanitary composition described herein leaves little or no phosphite residue on the fruit of the plants. The phytosanitary composition described herein has no detrimental effect, and may even improve, the quality of wines obtained from the fermentation of grapes. The phytosanitary composition described herein provides protection for the shoots of newly formed plants. The phytosanitary composition described herein prevents the risk of the development of strain populations resistant to said phytosanitary composition. The phytosanitary composition described herein has a low level of environmental toxicity and is completely metabolized by the treated plants. Summary of this description

[0028] The present description relates to a liquid phytosanitary composition comprising, as active agents, at least: - a fungicidal phosphite compound, and - a vegetable extract of willow bark.

[0029] According to some embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound can be selected from sodium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, triethylamine phosphite, diethanolamine phosphite, and mixtures thereof, in particular monopotassium phosphite.

[0030] According to some embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present in a content of about 10% to about 20% relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0031] According to certain particular embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present in a content of approximately 15%, by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition.

[0032] According to some embodiments, the willow bark vegetable extract can be a hydrophilic willow bark vegetable extract.

[0033] According to certain particular embodiments, the vegetable extract of willow bark can be a willow bark herbal tea.

[0034] According to certain embodiments, the phytosanitary composition may comprise a willow bark content of about 0.5% to about 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition.

[0035] According to certain particular embodiments, the phytosanitary composition may include a willow bark content of approximately 4% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition.

[0036] According to some embodiments, the phytosanitary composition may have a pH lower than 6.5.

[0037] According to certain particular embodiments, the phytosanitary composition may have a pH ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.5.

[0038] Preferably, the phytosanitary composition may have a pH of about 5.

[0039] According to another aspect of it, the present description relates to a phytosanitary kit comprising a first composition including a liquid phytosanitary composition according to the present description, and a second composition comprising a source of copper or zinc metiram.

[0040] According to another aspect, the present description relates to the use of a liquid plant protection composition according to the present description or a plant protection kit according to the present description, for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one fungal disease of a plant.

[0041] According to certain particular embodiments, the fungal disease can be chosen from downy mildew, powdery mildew, excoriosis, black rot, fire blight, yellow rust, fusarium wilt, scab, anthracnose, peach leaf curl, a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas or a disease caused by bacteria of the species Pseudomonas syringae.

[0042] Preferably, the fungal disease can be downy mildew or powdery mildew.

[0043] According to another aspect, the present description relates to a process preparation of a plant protection product composition according to this description, comprising at least one mixing step of at least one composition comprising a fungicidal phosphite compound and at least one willow bark extract. Detailed description

[0044] Definitions

[0045] As used in this description and claims, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" include the plural, unless otherwise explicitly indicated in the context.

[0046] The description of the various embodiments of this description includes embodiments including "comprising", "having", "consisting of", and "consisting essentially of". The words "having" and "comprise", or variants such as "has", "have", "includes", or "comprising", should be understood as implying the inclusion of the indicated element(s) (such as an element of a composition or a method step) but not the exclusion of others. elements. The term "consisting of" implies the inclusion of the indicated element(s), to the exclusion of any additional element(s). Depending on the context, the term "include" may also strictly indicate the indicated features, whole numbers, steps, or components, and therefore, in this case, it may be replaced by "consist of".

[0047] As used in this description, the term "composition" refers to a plant protection composition, whether in concentrated form, which requires dilution in water before use, or ready for use as is.

[0048] The term "approximately" as used here with respect to a numerical value refers to the usual range of error for the value in question, as it is normally identified by a person skilled in the art in the relevant technical field. The mention of the term "approximately" with respect to a specific value or parameter includes and describes that value or parameter as such. The term "approximately" refers to ±10% of a given value. Illustratively, approximately 1 includes all values ​​between 0.9 and 1.1. However, whenever the value in question refers to an indivisible object that would lose its identity upon subdivision, then "approximately" refers to ±1 of the indivisible object.

[0049] For the purposes of this description, "plant" means a plant organism comprising a stem, roots, and leaves. The plant may also include at least one edible part. An edible part means any part of the plant that can be consumed by a living being, such as a fruit like grapes or apples, cereals like corn or rice, but also a vegetable, including leaves like lettuce, seeds like peas, bulbs like onions, tubers or roots like potatoes, sprouts like soybeans, or stems or shoots like asparagus. More specifically, a "plant" for the purposes of this description includes a cultivated plant intended for animal or human consumption. Preferably, the plant may be a vascular plant, that is, a plant belonging to the tracheophytes. Vascular plants include woody plants and herbaceous plants.In some embodiments, the plant may be a woody plant. Examples of woody plants include fruit trees such as banana, apricot, mango, plum, peach, apple, pear, cherry, quince, walnut, fig, and citrus trees; forest trees; and ornamental or horticultural trees and shrubs such as roses, cotton, coffee, and grapevines. In other embodiments, the plant may be a herbaceous plant. Examples of herbaceous plants include plants of the nightshade family such as tomatoes and potatoes, and plants of the umbelliferous family such as carrots and parsnips. cruciferous plants such as rapeseed, grasses such as sugar cane, and cereals such as corn, rice, wheat, millet, barley, oats, and rye.

[0050] According to some preferred embodiments, a plant implemented in this description may be the vine.

[0051] The term "vine" refers to the domesticated grapevine, that is, woody plants of the Vitaceae family, genus Vitis, and more specifically the species Vitis vinifera, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis amurensis, Vitis coignetiae, and hybrid species obtained by crossing at least two of these species. The grapevine encompasses numerous grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Grenache Blanc, Gamay, Ugni Blanc, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc.

[0052] For the purposes of this description, "willow bark extract" means any compound obtained from willow bark by any suitable process. A willow bark extract as described herein is a hydrophilic willow bark extract. In other words, compounds extracted from willow bark are water-soluble.

[0053] Thus, essential oils or vegetable essences are excluded from the embodiments of this description.

[0054] In particular, we can mention aqueous extracts (obtained using an aqueous solvent), or alcoholic extracts (obtained using an alcoholic solvent), for example organic solvents.

[0055] By aqueous solvent is meant any solvent consisting wholly or partly of water. Examples include water itself, hydroalcoholic solvents in any proportion, or solvents consisting of water and a compound such as glycerin or propylene glycol in any proportion.

[0056] Among the alcoholic solvents, ethanol is a notable example. The willow bark extracts used in this description can be obtained by any suitable process without distillation using alcohol, liquid water, or a mixture of the two. By way of illustration, the willow bark extracts used in this description can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps: infusion, separation / pressing, filtration, and packaging.

[0057] In particular, a vegetable extract of willow bark can be a willow bark herbal tea.

[0058] The term "herbal tea" as used in this description refers to a water-based liquid in which one or more plant substances have been infused. Thus, a willow bark herbal tea is a water-based liquid in which willow bark has been infused. The term "herbal tea" includes infusion, decoction, or maceration. Infusion is a technique consisting of bringing hot water into contact with... Herbs for herbal tea. The infusion time can vary from 30 minutes to 120 minutes and the mixture is then filtered.

[0059] Decoction is a technique consisting of adding herbal teas to cold water and then heating the mixture of water and herbs for 30 to 60 minutes before filtering the mixture. Maceration consists of keeping the herbal teas in contact with water at room temperature for a period of 30 minutes to 4 hours.

[0060] According to some preferred embodiments, a willow bark infusion suitable for the preparation of a phytosanitary composition according to the present description can be obtained by infusing, decocting or macerating willow bark in water in a weight ratio of "willow bark: water" of approximately 1:12.5. By way of illustration, a willow bark infusion suitable for the preparation of a phytosanitary composition according to the present description can be obtained by infusing, decocting or macerating approximately 80 grams (g) of willow bark in 1 liter of water.

[0061] For the purposes of this description, "effective quantity" means a quantity sufficient to achieve the desired effect, in particular to reduce or eliminate fungal diseases of the plant, especially fungi or bacteria present or likely to appear on the plants to be treated. In particular, an effective quantity of the plant protection composition described herein provides effective control of downy mildew and / or powdery mildew of the plant.

[0062] For the purposes of this application, "Bordeaux mixture" means a mixture of copper sulfate and milk of lime.

[0063] “Zinc metiram” refers to a fungicidal compound with the chemical name zinc ammonia ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) poly(ethylenethiuram disulfide) and the empirical formula [Ci6H33NnSi6Zn3]x. Zinc metiram may be contained in a commercial composition, in particular in the product Lutiram® marketed by BASF.

[0064] By "fosetyl-aluminium" or "fosetyl-Al" is meant an organometallic compound of the phosphonate group, with the chemical name ethyl hydrogen aluminium phosphonate, with the formula C6Hi8A1O9P3.

[0065] For the purposes of this description, "significantly", used in the context of a change, means that the observed change is notable or has statistical significance.

[0066] The term "phosphonate" or "phosphite" refers to a salt of phosphonic acid. A phosphonate is characterized by the group RPO(OR')(OR"), in which R, R', and R'' represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. For example, phosphonic acid hydroxide can be used to reduce its acidity. potassium (KOH) is produced, which generates potassium phosphonate (K2HPO3). Phosphonates possess fungicidal properties.

[0067] By “monopotassium phosphite” or “monopotassium phosphonate” is meant an inorganic compound of formula KH2PO3.

[0068] By “disodium phosphite” or “disodium phosphonate” is meant an inorganic compound of formula Na2O3P+.

[0069] The term "water-soluble" means that a substance (solute) can be dissolved homogeneously in water (solvent) at room temperature, for example at a temperature between 15°C and 25°C. Phytosanitary composition

[0070] According to one of its aspects, the present description relates to a phytosanitary composition, in particular a liquid phytosanitary composition, comprising, as active agents, at least: - a fungicidal phosphite compound, and - a plant extract of willow bark.

[0071] According to certain embodiments, the phytosanitary composition according to the present description may be in liquid form.

[0072] According to certain embodiments, solutions, in particular water-soluble concentrates, emulsions, concentrated suspensions, aerosols, wettable powders or sprayable powders, water-soluble sachets, pastes and gels may be cited as liquid forms suitable for the composition of the present description.

[0073] According to certain embodiments, a phytosanitary composition according to the present description may be in a ready-to-use form, that is to say, it can be used as is to treat plants, in particular to combat fungal diseases.

[0074] According to some other embodiments, a plant protection composition according to the present description may be in concentrated form, i.e. it must be diluted in water before its use to treat plants, in particular to combat fungal diseases.

[0075] According to some other embodiments, a plant protection composition in concentrated form can be ready for use without prior dilution before application.

[0076] According to certain embodiments, a ready-to-use phytosanitary composition can be prepared extemporaneously.

[0077] By way of illustration, the concentrated plant protection product and a quantity of water can be packaged separately in a single spraying device comprising two containers. When the spraying device is activated, the The composition and water are conveyed separately to the device outlet and mix once sprayed. In other words, a ready-to-use plant protection product composition as described herein can be prepared shortly before use.

[0078] According to certain embodiments, a phytosanitary composition according to the present description has a pH less than or equal to 6.5.

[0079] According to certain particular embodiments, the phytosanitary composition has a pH ranging from 4.0 to 6.5.

[0080] In other words, the phytosanitary composition as described herein has a pH of about 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, or 6.5.

[0081] According to some preferred embodiments, the phytosanitary composition as described herein has a pH of 5.

[0082] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, a pH greater than or equal to A pH between 4.0 and 6.5.0 or lower ensures good stability of the plant protection product. In other words, a pH between 4.0 and 6.5 would make the product clear and prevent precipitation. Precipitation would render the product unusable for controlling fungal diseases, and would damage the plants being treated. Furthermore, in terms of application, precipitation would lead to the formation of solid aggregates that could clog, at least partially, the nozzles of sprayers.

[0083] In particular, the stability of the composition would be improved if the pH was greater than or equal to 4.0 and less than or equal to 5.0.

[0084] According to certain embodiments, the phytosanitary composition of the present description is a sterile composition.

[0085] According to another aspect, the present description also relates to a process for preparing a phytosanitary composition as described herein, comprising at least one step of mixing at least one fungicidal phosphite compound and at least one vegetable extract of willow bark.

[0086] According to certain particular embodiments, a process for preparing a phytosanitary composition as described herein comprises at least one step of mixing at least one fungicidal phosphite compound and at least one quantity of willow bark infusion.

[0087] According to some preferred embodiments, a process for preparing a plant protection composition as described herein comprises at least one step of mixture of at least one quantity of potassium phosphonate and at least one quantity of willow bark tea.

[0088] According to certain embodiments, a process for preparing a plant protection composition according to this description comprises at least the following steps:

[0089] (a) bringing the following ingredients into contact in the same container: a composition comprising a fungicidal phosphite compound and a plant extract of willow bark, and

[0090] (b) mix the ingredients, thus obtaining a phytosanitary composition concentrated.

[0091] According to some embodiments, said process includes a step c) in which a volume of water is added in an appropriate quantity to obtain a ready-to-use phytosanitary composition.

[0092] According to some other embodiments, the process for preparing a plant protection composition according to this description may further include a step of checking, and where appropriate adjusting, the pH of the mixture.

[0093] The techniques for verifying the pH of a mixture are well known to those skilled in the art. By way of illustration, an acid-alkaline indicator paper or a pH meter can be used.

[0094] By way of example, in particular if the pH is greater than 6.5, the pH of the mixture can be adjusted to the desired pH value by adding an effective amount of monopotassium phosphonate to the phytosanitary composition.

[0095] Also by way of example, in particular if the pH is less than 4, the pH of the mixture can be adjusted to the desired pH value by adding an effective amount of willow bark tea to the phytosanitary composition.

[0096] According to certain embodiments of a process for preparing a phytosanitary composition as described herein, all the steps of the process can be carried out at ambient temperature, for example at a temperature of about 20°C.

[0097] Hosphite fungicide compound

[0098] The composition according to the present description comprises, as active agents, at least one fungicidal phosphite compound.

[0099] According to some embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound can be implemented in the form of a salt, in particular in the form of a phosphonate or also called phosphite.

[0100] According to certain particular embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound can be implemented in the form of a mineral salt or an organic salt.

[0101] In particular, a mineral salt can be an alkali metal such as sodium, lithium or potassium.

[0102] In particular, an organic salt may be a compound comprising a nitrogen atom capable of accepting a proton from phosphoric acid, such as primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, or other nitrogen-containing derivatives, such as imidazoles, cyclohexylamines, anilines, and morpholines, possibly substituted. Aromatic or heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds may be substituted, in particular with up to three alkyl groups, each comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0103] According to some embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound in the form of a salt is water-soluble. Illustratively, a water-soluble salt may be a single mineral, such as potassium, in particular monopotassium or dipotassium, or sodium, in particular disodium or monosodium.

[0104] However, according to some other embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound in the form of a salt may be slightly, or even insoluble, in water. Salts included in this embodiment include salts of alkaline earth metals, for example magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, or of heavier metals, for example copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, or aluminum.

[0105] The techniques for determining the solubility of a salt in water are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0106] According to certain embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compounds usable according to this description may be selected from; sodium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, triethylamine phosphite, diethanolamine phosphite, and mixtures thereof.

[0107] According to certain particular embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound used in the plant protection composition according to this description may be more particularly, in whole or in part, sodium phosphite, in particular monosodium phosphite and / or disodium phosphite.

[0108] According to certain particular embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound used in the plant protection composition according to this description may be more particularly, in whole or in part, potassium phosphite, in particular monopotassium phosphite and / or dipotassium phosphite.

[0109] According to some preferred embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound used in the plant protection composition according to this description may be in whole or in part monopotassium phosphite.

[0110] Generally, a fungicidal phosphite compound has a pH of about 4.5 to about 6.5.

[0111] According to some preferred embodiments, fungicidal phosphite compounds may be available in the form of commercial compositions.

[0112] Among these commercial compositions comprising a fungicidal phosphite compound, the following may be cited by way of illustration: the PK2 composition of the company Proval, the LBG-01F34 VIGNE® composition of the company De Sangosse, the Redeli® composition of the company Syngenta, the monopotassium phosphonate of the company Altichem or the Chaolin® composition of the company BAYER.

[0113] According to some other embodiments, fungicidal phosphite compounds may be non-commercial compounds that can generally be easily prepared. The processes for preparing fungicidal phosphite compounds are well known to those skilled in the art, particularly from phosphoric acid or disodium phosphite, as described, for example, in US 4,075,324.

[0114] According to certain embodiments, in the case of a concentrated plant protection composition, which needs to be diluted prior to its use, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present in a content ranging from about 10% to about 20% by weight of fungicidal phosphite compound relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0115] According to some embodiments, in the case of a concentrated plant protection composition, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present in a content ranging from about 12% to about 17% by weight of fungicidal phosphite compound relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0116] In particular, in a concentrated plant protection composition, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present at a content of about 13%, 14%, 15% or 16% by weight of fungicidal phosphite compound relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0117] According to some preferred embodiments, the fungicidal phosphite compound may be present in a content of about 15% by weight of fungicidal phosphite compound, in particular potassium phosphonate, relative to the total weight of the concentrated plant protection composition.

[0118] The content of fungicidal phosphite compound may vary in particular according to the virulence of the fungal disease affecting the plants, i.e. the virulence of the fungi or bacteria on the leaves and clusters of the plant, and / or the climatic conditions.

[0119] Willow bark plant extract

[0120] The composition according to the present description comprises, as active agents, at least one vegetable extract of willow bark.

[0121] According to some embodiments, the willow bark vegetable extract of the present description is not an essential oil.

[0122] According to some preferred embodiments, the willow bark vegetable extract of the present description may be a willow bark infusion.

[0123] Generally, the willow bark plant extract has a pH of about 5 to 5.5.

[0124] According to some embodiments, the willow bark plant extract used in this description can be obtained by any suitable process, without distillation by alcohol, using liquid water, for example by a process comprising the following steps: infusion, cooling, and conditioning.

[0125] According to certain embodiments, the willow bark plant extract used in this description can be obtained by a willow bark compound extraction process by infusion.

[0126] The term "obtained by an infusion process for extracting willow bark compounds" means an extraction process comprising at least the following steps:

[0127] (a) Infusing a quantity of willow bark in water for approximately 30 minutes at approximately 120 minutes, thus obtaining a willow bark infusion,

[0128] (d) filter the willow bark infusion obtained in step (a),

[0129] (e) to condition the filtered willow bark infusion in a storage container.

[0130] According to certain embodiments of an extraction process, the quantity of willow bark added in step (b) can be from about 10 g to about 150 g per liter of water.

[0131] According to certain particular embodiments, the quantity of willow bark added in step (b) can be about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145 or 150 g per 1 litre of water.

[0132] According to some other particular embodiments, the quantity of willow bark added in step (b) can be from about 20 g to about 120 g per liter of water.

[0133] According to some other particular embodiments, the quantity of willow bark added in step (b) can be from about 50 g to about 100 g per liter of water.

[0134] Preferably, the quantity of willow bark added in step (b) can be about 80 g per 1 litre of water.

[0135] According to certain particular embodiments of an extraction process, step (c) can be carried out at atmospheric pressure.

[0136] Generally, a willow bark, which can be used to obtain a plant extract according to the present description, can be a bark obtained from a plant of the genus Salix.

[0137] According to certain embodiments, the wicker bark can be chosen from the species: Salix acutifolia, Salix aegyptiaca, Salix alaxensis, Salix alba, Salix amplexicaulis, Salix amygdaloides, Salix apennina, Salix apoda, Salix appendiculata, Salix arbuscula, Salix arctica, Salix argyracea, Salix arizonica, Salix armenorossica, Salix atrocinerea, Salix aurita, Salix babylonica, Salix balfouriana, Salix barclayi, Salix bebbiana, Salix bicolor, Salix bikouensis, Salix bonplandiana, Salix brachycarpa, Salix breviserrata, Salix burjatica, Salix burqinensis, Salix caesia, Salix calliantha, Salix calodendron, Salix candida, Salix cantabrica, Salix capensis, Salix capitata, Salix caprea, Salix capusii, Salix carmanica, Salix caroliniana, Salix caspica, Salix cavaleriei, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix cinerea, Salix cordata, Salix daphnoides, Salix discolor, Salix drummondiana, Salix elaeagnos, Salix eriocephala, Salix excelsa, Salix exigua, Salix fargesii, Salix floderusii, Salix fluviatilis, Salix foetida, Salix fragilis, Salix geyeriana, Salix gilgiana, Salix glabra, Salix glauca, Salix glaucosericea, Salix gooddingii, Salix gordejevii, Salix graciliglans, Salix gracilistyla, Salix hastata, Salix hegetschweileri, Salix helvetica, Salix herbacea , Willow hookeriana , Willow humboldtiana , Willow humilis , Willow hylematica , Willow integra , Willow irrorata , Willow japonica , Willow jessoensis , Willow koreensis , Willow koriyanagi , Willow laevigata , Willow laggeri , Willow lanata , Willow lapponum , Willow lasiolepis , Willow lemmoniiSalix lindleyana , Salix linearistipularis , Salix longiflora , Salix longistamina , Salix lucida , Salix luctuosa , Salix magnifica , Salix matsudana , Salix maximowiczii, Salix medwedewii, Salix melanopsis , Salix microstachya , Salix mielichhoferi, Salix miyabeana , Salix moupinensis , Salix muscina , Salix myricoides , Salix myrsinifolia , Salix myrsinites , Salix myrtilloides , Salix neowilsonii, Salix nigra , Salix nivalis , Salix pantosericea , Salix paraplesia , Salix pauciflora , Salix pedicellata , Salix pellita , Salix pentandra , Salix petiolaris , Salix phlebophylla , Salix phylicifolia , , Salix planifolia , Salix polaris , Salix psammophila , Salix purpurea , Salix pyrenaica , Salix pyrifolia , Salix rehderiana , Salix repens , Salix reptans , Salix reticulata , Salix retusa , Salix retusoides , Salix rorida , Salix rosmarinifolia , Salix sajanensis , Salix salviifolia , Salix schwerinii , Salix scouleriana , Salix sericea , Salix serissima , Salix serpyllifolia , Salix silesiaca , Salix sitchensis , Salix siuzevii , Salix starkeana , Salix subopposita , Salix subserrata , Salix suchowensis , Salix sungkianica , Salix taxifolia , Salix tenuijulis , Salix tetrasperma , Salix triandra , Salix turanica , Salix udensis , Salix uva-ursi , Salix variegata , Salix viminalis, Willow vulpina, Willow waldsteiniana, Willow wallichiana, Willow wilhelmsiana, Willow wilsonii and Willow yezoalpina Koidz.

[0138] Bark obtained from a plant of the genus Salix (willow) may also be designated by the term "Salix spp. Cortex". Salix spp. cortex or Salix bark being defined as a basic substance.

[0139] The term "basic substance" means an active substance which is not a substance of concern for health; which is not intrinsically capable of causing endocrine-disrupting, neurotoxic or immunotoxic effects; and which is useful in plant protection, either directly or in a product consisting of the concentrated or diluted substance.

[0140] According to some other preferred embodiments, a vegetable extract of willow bark, in particular a willow bark infusion, may be a commercial composition.

[0141] In particular, a vegetable extract of willow bark can be the basic substance of willow bark infusion marketed by the company Biovitis.

[0142] According to some preferred embodiments, the plant extract used in this description is made from at least 0.5% by weight of willow bark relative to the total weight of the plant extract.

[0143] According to some embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition as described herein comprises a content of about 0.5% to about 8% by weight of willow bark relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0144] According to some embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition as described herein comprises a content of about 2% to about 6% by weight of willow bark relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0145] According to certain embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition as described herein may in particular comprise a content of about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 6% by weight of willow bark in relation to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0146] According to some preferred embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition as described herein comprises a content of approximately 4% by weight of willow bark relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition.

[0147] Illustratively, to prepare 1 litre of concentrated phytosanitary composition according to the present description, approximately 50% of a 1 litre preparation of willow bark infusion is used, the willow bark infusion having been obtained by infusing approximately 80 g of willow bark in 1 litre of water. Plant protection kit

[0148] According to another aspect, the present description also relates to a plant protection kit comprising:

[0149] - a first composition consisting of a phytosanitary composition, in in particular a liquid plant protection product composition, in concentrated or ready-to-use form, as described herein, and

[0150] - a second composition comprising a copper source or zinc metiram.

[0151] According to some embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the second composition includes a copper source.

[0152] According to some embodiments, a copper source may be a copper salt.

[0153] According to some embodiments, a copper source may include sulfate copper, copper hydroxide, copper acetate, copper carbonate, copper oxychloride or a mixture thereof.

[0154] According to some embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, a source of copper may be a composition comprising copper sulfate.

[0155] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, a second composition comprising a copper source may be commercially available.

[0156] Generally, a composition including copper sulfate may be the RSR DISPERSS Bordeaux Mixture from the UPL company.

[0157] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition in a content ranging from 1 to 50% by weight of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0158] According to some preferred embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition at a content of about 20% by weight or less of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0159] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition at a content of about 5% or less by weight of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0160] According to some preferred embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition at a content of about 2% or less by weight of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0161] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the second composition may include zinc metiram.

[0162] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, a composition including zinc metiram may be a commercially available product.

[0163] As a composition comprising commercially available zinc metiram, Polyram® may be cited in particular.

[0164] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, zinc metiram may be present in the second composition in a content ranging from about 1 to 50% by weight of zinc metiram relative to the total weight of the second concentrated composition.

[0165] According to some preferred embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, zinc metiram may be present in the second composition at a content of about 20% by weight of zinc metiram relative to the total weight of the second concentrated composition.

[0166] According to certain embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition at a content of about 5% or less by weight of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0167] According to some preferred embodiments of a plant protection kit as described herein, the copper source may be present in the second composition at a content of about 2% or less by weight of copper relative to the total weight of the second composition.

[0168] Use of a plant protection composition or kit as described herein

[0169] According to another aspect, the present description relates to the use of a plant protection composition or plant protection kit according to this description, for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one fungal disease of a plant.

[0170] This description also relates to the use of a plant protection composition or plant protection kit according to this description, to control at least one fungal disease of a plant.

[0171] This description also relates to a method for preventing and / or treating at least one fungal disease of a plant, comprising at least one step of applying, for preventive and / or stopping purposes, at least one plant protection composition according to this description or a plant protection kit as described herein to said plant.

[0172] This description also relates to a method for controlling at least one fungal disease of a plant, comprising at least one step consisting of applying, for preventive and / or stopping purposes, at least one plant protection composition or plant protection kit as described herein to said plant.

[0173] According to some embodiments, a fungal disease may be selected from downy mildew, powdery mildew, excoriosis, black rot, fire blight, yellow rust, fusarium wilt, scab, anthracnose, peach leaf curl, a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas, a disease caused by bacteria of the species Pseudomonas syringae.

[0174] According to certain particular embodiments, downy mildew and powdery mildew can be caused by several kinds of parasites.

[0175] Preferably, downy mildew disease can be caused by fungi of the genus Plasmopara, Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora or Sclerophthora

[0176] By way of example, the disease of downy mildew includes downy mildew of the vine, downy mildew of the tomato, downy mildew of the potato, downy mildew of the lettuce or downy mildew of squash.

[0177] Preferably, powdery mildew disease can be caused by fungi of the genera Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Sphaerotheca, Golovinomyces, Leveillula or Uncinula

[0178] By way of example, powdery mildew disease includes powdery mildew of tomato (Leveillula taurica), powdery mildew of grapevine (Erysiphe necator), powdery mildew of carrot or powdery mildew of potato (Golovinomyces cichoracearum).

[0179] Preferably, the excoriosis disease can be vine excoriosis, the disease of which is caused by the fungus Phomopsis viticola.

[0180] Preferably, the black-rot disease can be vine black rot, the disease of which is caused by the fungus Guignardia bidwellii.

[0181] According to certain particular embodiments, fire blight is a disease that can be caused by fungi of the genus Erwinia.

[0182] Preferably, fire blight can be caused by the fungus Erwinia amylovora.

[0183] According to certain particular embodiments, yellow rust is a disease caused by a fungus of the genus Puccinia, preferably of the species Puccinia striiformis.

[0184] Preferably, yellow rust disease affects cereal crops.

[0185] For example, yellow rust can be wheat yellow rust.

[0186] According to certain particular embodiments, fusariosis is a disease that can be caused by a fungus of the genus Fusarium.

[0187] Preferably, fusarium wilt is a disease that can be caused by a fungus of the species Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium coeruleum, Fusarium poae or Fusarium tricinctum,

[0188] By way of example, fusarium wilt includes potato fusarium wilt, tomato fusarium wilt, potato fusarium wilt, soybean fusarium wilt or cereal fusarium wilt such as maize stalk fusarium wilt, maize ear fusarium wilt, wheat fusarium wilt or wheat ear fusarium wilt.

[0189] According to certain particular embodiments, scab is a disease that can be caused by a fungus of the species Venturia inaequalis.

[0190] Preferably, the scab disease can be apple scab.

[0191] According to certain particular embodiments, anthracnose disease can be caused by fungi of the genus Apiognomonia, Colletotrichum, Discula, Gloeosporium, Glomerella, Gnomonia, Pseudopeziza, Didymella, Aschochyta, Microdochium, Elsinoe, Sphaceloma, Neofabraea, Kabatiella, Mycocentrospora, Drepanopeziza, Blumeriella, Discula or Mycosphaerella.

[0192] By way of example, the disease of anthracnose includes tomato anthracnose, apple anthracnose, grapevine anthracnose, cereal anthracnose, lettuce anthracnose, eggplant anthracnose, spinach anthracnose, cherry anthracnose or citrus anthracnose.

[0193] According to certain particular embodiments, peach leaf curl is a disease that can be caused by a fungus of the species Taphrina deformans.

[0194] According to some preferred embodiments, a fungal disease may be selected from downy mildew, powdery mildew and excoriosis.

[0195] According to some embodiments, a plant may be infected or susceptible to infection by at least one fungal disease.

[0196] According to some embodiments, a plant can be infected or susceptible to infection by two, or even three, fungal diseases.

[0197] By way of example, the treatment of a plant against a fungal disease using the plant protection composition as described herein is carried out by at least one application step with an effective and non-phytotoxic quantity of said plant protection composition or of a plant protection kit including said plant protection composition, on the aerial parts of the plant or on the soil where said plant grows.

[0198] According to some embodiments, "treatment of a plant" also means the treatment of plant reproductive products, such as, for example, seeds or tubers.

[0199] According to certain embodiments, a plant protection composition or plant protection kit of the present description can be applied by means of different treatment methods such as spraying, watering or misting.

[0200] According to certain preferred embodiments, the phytosanitary composition or phytosanitary kit according to this description can be sprayed.

[0201] Preferably, the plant protection composition or plant protection kit according to this description can be sprayed on the aerial parts of a plant.

[0202] According to certain particular embodiments, the aerial parts of a plant consist of the stems, buds, leaves, flowers and fruits of the plant.

[0203] According to certain embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition applied alone or within a plant protection kit, can be applied at a dose of approximately 2 litres to approximately 6 litres per hectare of plants to be treated.

[0204] According to certain embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition, applied alone or within a plant protection kit, can be applied at a dose of approximately 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6 liters per hectare of plants to be treated.

[0205] According to some embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition, applied alone or within a plant protection kit, can be applied at a dose of about 6 litres or less, in particular about 5 litres or less, per hectare of plants to be treated.

[0206] According to some preferred embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition, applied alone or within a plant protection kit, can be applied at a dose of about 3.3 litres to about 5 litres per hectare of plants to be treated.

[0207] According to some preferred embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition, applied alone or within a plant protection kit, can be applied at a dose of approximately 5 liters per hectare of plants to be treated.

[0208] Generally, the quantity of concentrated plant protection composition per hectare is suspended in water, usually demineralized, to obtain a ready-to-use composition, and then sprayed on the crops of the plant to be treated.

[0209] In order to obtain a ready-to-use plant protection composition according to this description, the concentrated plant protection composition is diluted in a quantity of water at concentrations ranging from approximately 5% to 10% by weight.

[0210] According to some preferred embodiments, the concentrated plant protection composition is diluted in a quantity of water to a concentration of about 5% by weight.

[0211] According to certain embodiments, the use or process according to this description may include a single application or several applications spread over time.

[0212] Preferably, the plant protection composition or plant protection kit can be applied at least once a week or at least once every two weeks and up to four times a week or up to eight times every two weeks.

[0213] According to certain embodiments, the phytosanitary composition can be applied throughout the entire growing period of the plant, in particular from the time of sowing the seed until harvest.

[0214] According to certain embodiments, the plant protection composition can be applied for a period of 1 week to a maximum of 6 months.

[0215] The following examples are given as an example and are not intended to be exhaustive of this description. Examples

[0216] In the examples below, the treatment efficacy against downy mildew and powdery mildew of a plant protection composition of the present description and of the plant protection composition in combination with small amounts of copper sulfate or zinc metiram (in kit form) is shown.

[0217] All other advantages of using the phytosanitary composition of this description are also demonstrated. Abbreviations#:

[0218] BB: Bordeaux mixture

[0219] PK: Potassium phosphonate

[0220] MZ: zinc metiram

[0221] PK + willow: Liquid phytosanitary composition of the present description

[0222] Example 1: Formulation and preparation of the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow)

[0223] To prepare one liter of plant protection product, 500 ml of willow bark infusion base substance marketed by Biovitis (Concentrated willow infusion at 80 g / L (Salix spp cortex)) are mixed in a tank with 405 ml (i.e., 566.7 g) of monopotassium phosphate (PK 30 / 20 Solution from ALTICHEM, pH = 4.5; da = 1.4 g / cm³). The mixture is prepared at room temperature. The pH is checked using a portable pH meter (previously calibrated) to ensure it is 5. Once the pH is verified, the mixture is topped up with demineralized water until a concentration of one liter is obtained, with a density of 1.18 g / cm³ at 20°C, corresponding to an exact weight of 1180 g of plant protection product. The final mixture is placed in a container, which is then hermetically sealed.

[0224] In order to be used as a pesticide, the final plant protection composition is generally diluted to about 5% with mineral water in a sprayer tank. Generally, spraying is carried out in the field at a volume ranging from 100 liters to 300 liters per hectare (ha). The liquid plant protection composition in its concentrated form is used at a dose of about 3 L / ha to about 5 L / ha.

[0225] Example 2: The effects of the phytosanitary composition of the present Description of fungal diseases (downy mildew and powdery mildew) and other vine parameters 2.1. Materials and Methods

[0226] Experimental protocol for comparative trials between the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow), potassium phosphonate (PK) and potassium phosphonate associated with Bordeaux mixture (PK+BB)

[0227] The effectiveness of different plant protection product compositions against powdery mildew disease of grapevines was tested, namely:

[0228] - the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) as prepared in example 1,

[0229] - a composition comprising potassium phosphonate (PK) (10.6% of Phosphite (P) and 7.68% potassium (K)), and

[0230] - a composition comprising potassium phosphonate associated with Bouille Bordeaux mixture comprising 20% ​​by weight of copper sulfate in powder or micro-granule form (PK + BB).

[0231] The treatments used for the tests are summarized in Table 1:

[0232] [Table 1]

[0233] Table 1: Treatments used for trials on grapevine against powdery mildew Treatment Doses (L / ha) Positioning Control Untreated (TNT) (PK + willow) 2 L / ha 14 days PK 2 L / ha 14 days PK + BB 2 L / ha + 1.5 kg / ha 14 days

[0234] The trials were carried out on plots planted with the Merlot grape variety.

[0235] Each plot comprises 4 blocks of 5 vine stocks, i.e. each plot including 20 strains.

[0236] The spraying of treatments on the plots was carried out using a pneumatic backpack sprayer (Still SR320).

[0237] Following the 14 days of treatment, the intensity of powdery mildew attack on vine leaves was assessed for each plot. The results are presented as the average of the blocks for each treated plot.

[0238] Experimental protocol for comparative tests between the composition phytosanitary (PK + willow) and potassium phosphonate (PK)

[0239] The effectiveness of different plant protection product compositions on the number of berries per grape bunch was tested, namely:

[0240] - the liquid phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) as prepared according to the protocol of example 1, and

[0241] - a composition comprising potassium phosphonate (Trafos® (Tradecorps)).

[0242] The treatments used for the tests are summarized in Table 2:

[0243] [Table 2]

[0244] Table 2: Treatments used for vine trials Treatment Doses (L / ha) Positioning Control Untreated (TNT) 14 days (PK + willow) 5 L / ha 14 days for 6 to 8 applications Trafos (PK) 4 L / ha 14 days for 6 to 8 applications

[0245] The trials were carried out on plots planted with the Merlot grape variety.

[0246] Each plot comprises 4 blocks of 5 vine stocks, i.e. each plot including 20 strains.

[0247] The spraying of treatments on the plots was carried out using a pneumatic backpack sprayer (Stihl SR 340).

[0248]

[0249]

[0250]

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255]

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] Following the 14 days of treatment, the number of berries per bunch was assessed for each plot. The results are presented as the average of the blocks for each treated plot. Experimental protocol for comparisons with zinc metiram, fosetyl-aluminum, and copper sulfate The effectiveness of different plant protection product compositions on fungal diseases of the vine and on vine physiology was tested and compared, namely: - the liquid phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) as prepared according to the protocol of example 1, - a composition including zinc metiram (MZ) (Lutiram® (BASF) 80% MZ), - a composition comprising fosetyl-aluminum (Fos-Al) and zinc metiram (Sillage® (BASF) composed of 47.1% Fos-Al and 28.9% MZ, and - a composition including copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture (BB) containing 20% ​​copper sulfate). The treatments used for the tests are summarized in the following Table 3: [Table 3] Table 3#: Treatments used for the tests Treatment Conditions Dosage (kg or L / ha) Positioning Control Untreated 12-14 days Lutiram® / 2 dose 1.75 kg / ha 12-14 days for 6 to 8 applications Lutiram® / 2 dose + (PK + willow) 1.75 kg / ha + 3.3 L / ha 12-14 days for 6 to 8 applications Sillage® 4 kg / ha 12-14 days for 6 to 8 applications Bordeaux Mixture (BB) 1.5 kg / ha 12-14 days for 6 to 8 applications (PK + willow) 5 L / ha 14 days for 6 to 8 applications BB + (PK + willow) 1.5 kg / ha + 5 L / ha 12-14 days for 6 to 8 applications The trials were carried out on plots planted with Bordeaux grape varieties (Merlot, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc and Sémillon).

[0259] Each plot comprises 4 blocks of 5 vine stumps, i.e. each plot comprising 20 stumps.

[0260] The spraying of treatments on the plots was carried out using a pneumatic backpack sprayer (Stihl SR 340).

[0261] Following 12 to 14 days of treatment, the following was evaluated for each plot:

[0262] - The frequency of attack of fungal diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew,

[0263] - The level of phosphite residues on the surface of grape bunches, and

[0264] - The quality of the grape harvest. Statistical tests

[0265] Tuckey's test is used to verify the validity of the model by demonstrating whether there is an interaction between the treatments and the blocks (risk threshold of 5%).

[0266] The Newman-Keuls test is used to create homogeneous groups of treatments. Thus, treatments belonging to a given group are considered not different for a risk threshold of 5%.

[0267] The Dunnett test is used to seek to show a difference between each treatment and the control. 2.2. Results

[0268] 2.2.1. Efficacy of the plant protection composition on powdery mildew disease compared to potassium phosphonate and potassium phosphonate + copper sulfate

[0269] The plant's powdery mildew disease is manifested by the appearance of a white to greyish-white, mealy-looking felt on the surface of the aerial organs of the plant (leaves, stems and sometimes flowers or fruits).

[0270] The intensity of powdery mildew attack on leaves and bunches of vines for each plot of Merlot treated is presented in Table 4.

[0271] [Table 4]

[0272] Table 4: Intensity of powdery mildew attack on vines treated by treatment plant protection products Treatment Intensity of powdery mildew on leaves and grape clusters of vines (average of blocks) Control untreated 30% PK + BB 12.5% ​​PK 27.5% (PK + willow) 15%

[0273] It is observed that treatment with the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) is more effective against powdery mildew than treatment with the composition containing potassium phosphonate (PK). Treatment with the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) is at least as effective as treatment (PK + BB).

[0274] Thus, the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) is effective against powdery mildew of the vine without the addition of additional fungicides, such as copper sulfate.

[0275] 2.2.2.- The phytosanitary composition of the present description improves the vine physiology

[0276] - Tests were carried out to study the influence of the composition Phytosanitary (PK + osier) on certain physiological parameters of the vine. Number of berries per grape bunch

[0277] [Table 5]

[0278] Table 5: Number of berries per bunch of vines in each treated plot or untreated Number of berries per grape bunch Block PK + willow PK TNT 1 122 112 96 2 120 121 102 3 128 125 107 4 138 126 99 Average number of berries per bunch 127 121 101

[0279] It is observed from the results in Table 5 that the average number of berries per bunch of grapes from vines treated with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) is about 127 berries per bunch of grapes, compared to 121 and 101 berries per bunch of grapes for plots treated with a potassium phosphonate-based product or untreated plots, respectively.

[0280] As a result, the number of berries per bunch, after treatment with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier), allows a significant increase in the number of berries per bunch of grapes. Phosphite residues

[0281] [Table 6]

[0282] Table 6: Phosphite residues on grape bunches after treatment of the vine with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) or 1 a composition Sillage® Treatment Phosphite residue content on Petit Verdot grapes (mg / kg) Phosphite residue content on Sémillon grapes (mg / kg) Phosphite residue content on Sauvignon grapes (mg / kg) (PK + osier) <0.04 0.07 <0.04 Sillage ® 0.16 <0.04 <0.04

[0283] Phosphite residue analysis of grapes was carried out by the LCA laboratory (Table 6). The detection limit for phosphite residues is 0.04 mg / kg. Therefore, any level below 0.04 mg / kg is considered negligible. It should also be noted that a phosphite residue level of 3 mg / kg or less does not allow for the determination of whether the measured phosphites are endogenous to the plant or exogenous to the plant.

[0284] The results obtained demonstrate that no trace of phosphite residues is found on the grapes of Petit Verdot and Sauvignon vines, with average levels below 0.04 mg / kg. Only 0.07 mg / kg of phosphite residues are found on average on the grape bunches of Sémillon vines (Table 6, below).

[0285] Furthermore, the phosphite residue content is regulated and permitted provided that these residues do not exceed the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). By way of illustration, the MRL for phosphite in Germany is 5 mg / kg, 70 mg / kg in Japan, and 0.3 mg / kg in France.

[0286] Consequently, the composition (PK + willow) does not exceed the MRL authorized in several countries.

[0287] This low quantity or absence of phosphite residues on the grapes can be explained firstly by the low quantity of phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) used for the treatment of the vines.

[0288] Also, it is possible that this absence of residues is due to the metabolization of the phytosanitary composition by the plant. Quality of wines made from grapes

[0289] Finally, it was tested whether the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) altered the quality of wines produced from treated vines.

[0290] For this, a tasting was carried out by a panel of 7 consumers on Petit Verdot and Sauvignon Blanc grape varieties treated with Lutiram® or Lutiram® combined with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier).

[0291] This tasting shows that the Sauvignon Blanc wine, from vines treated with the composition (PK + osier), has better organoleptic properties (average of the scores awarded: 14) than the wine from vines treated with Lutiram® (average of the scores awarded: 12.33).

[0292] Regarding red wine, both wines obtain a similar average.

[0293] Thus, the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) does not alter the quality of the wines after the treatment of the vines from which the wine is produced.

[0294] 2.2.3. The effectiveness of a plant protection kit including the composition phytosanitary (PK + willow) against downy mildew disease (3.3 L / ha)

[0295] Downy mildew of grapevine manifests as numerous small, polyhedral spots, yellow to reddish-brown in color, bordered by the veins, on grapevine leaves. The severity of downy mildew can vary depending on the level of pest pressure; it can be low, medium, or high.

[0296] Statistical tests show that the data presented below are significant with regard to treatments on each plot and do not depend on the blocks. a. Low mildew pressure

[0297] Table 7 shows the number of spots counted on the vine leaves on each plot (average of blocks) according to the treatment applied.

[0298] [Table 7]

[0299] Table 7: Number of downy mildew spots on leaves in each plot Treatment Number of downy mildew spots on leaves of each plot (average of blocks) Sauvignon Blanc Lutiram® 8 Sillage® 6 (PK + willow) + Lutiram® 3.6

[0300] It is observed that vine leaves treated with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with Lutiram® show fewer spots than vine leaves treated with zinc metiram (Lutiram® and Sillage®).

[0301] Thus, the use at reduced doses of known compositions such as Sillage® or Lutiram® does not allow for effective treatment of the vine against downy mildew.

[0302] On the other hand, the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with reduced dose Lutiram® is more effective against downy mildew of the vine than Sillage® or reduced dose Lutiram®. b. Medium and high downy mildew pressure

[0303] Table 8 shows the frequency of downy mildew attack on vine leaves on each plot (average of blocks) according to the treatment applied.

[0304] [Table 8]

[0305] Table 8: Frequency of downy mildew attack on grapevine (%) Treatment Frequency of downy mildew attack on vines Average downy mildew pressure High downy mildew pressure Merlot Petit Verdot Cabernet Sauvignon Lutiram® 25.5% 32.7% 4.6% Sillage® 30.5% 14.7% 1.7% (PK + willow) + Lutiram® 19% 21.3% 1.47%

[0306] For Merlot, it is observed that the frequency of downy mildew attack is on average 19% for vines present on blocks treated with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with a low dose of Lutiram®, compared to 25.5% and 30.5% for vines present on blocks treated with Lutiram® and Sillage®, respectively.

[0307] For Petit Verdot, it is observed that the frequency of downy mildew attack is on average 21.3% for vines present on blocks treated with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with a low dose of Lutiram®, against 32.7% for vines present on blocks treated with Lutiram®.

[0308] For Cabernet Sauvignon, it is observed that the frequency of downy mildew attack is on average 1.47% for vines present on blocks treated with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with a low dose of Lutiram®, compared to 4.6% and 1.7% for blocks treated with Lutiram® and Sillage®, respectively.

[0309] In conclusion:

[0310] - A kit including the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) is effective when Downy mildew exerts a low pressure.

[0311] - When downy mildew exerts medium pressure, the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with Lutiram® differs from Lutiram® by showing an average effectiveness of 30% in terms of frequency and intensity.

[0312] - Finally, when downy mildew exerts strong pressure, the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) associated with Lutiram® differs from Lutiram® in terms of intensity, showing an effectiveness of around 60%.

[0313] With regard to the comparison with Sillage® more specifically, the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) combined with Lutiram® achieves the following efficiencies:

[0314] - equivalent in 50% of the tests,

[0315] - lower in 22% of the trials,

[0316] - superior in 28% of the trials.

[0317] The phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) applied at 3.3 litres / ha and associated with half a dose of zinc metiram therefore has an efficacy at least equivalent to that of Sillage® (fosetyl-aluminium + zinc metiram).

[0318] 2^24. Effectiveness of a plant protection kit including the plant protection composition on the disease of downy mildew and powdery mildew compared to copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture) (5 liters / ha) a. Treatment against downy mildew disease

[0319] Table 9 shows the number of downy mildew spots on vine leaves in each plot (average of blocks) according to the treatment applied.

[0320] [Table 9]

[0321] Table 9: Number of downy mildew spots on leaf Treatment Number of downy mildew spots (average of blocks in each plot) Control untreated 28 BB 5 BB + (PK + willow) 0

[0322] A dosage of 5L / ha of the phytosanitary composition increases the treatment efficacy against downy mildew disease when combined with Bordeaux mixture (Table 9).

[0323] It is thus demonstrated that the phytosanitary composition consisting of a chemical fraction, potassium phosphonate, and an organic fraction, infusion of willow bark, allows more effective protection of the plant against mildew than a reduced dose of Bordeaux mixture applied alone. b. Treatment for powdery mildew disease

[0324] Table 10 shows the frequency of powdery mildew attack on the plots (average of blocks) of vines according to the treatment applied.

[0325] [Table 10]

[0326] Table 10: Frequency of powdery mildew attack on grapevine leaves Treatment Frequency of powdery mildew attack on vine leaves (Average of blocks) Untreated control 40% BB 32.8% BB + (PK + willow) 8.8%

[0327] It was observed that vines receiving the BB treatment combined with the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) have an average powdery mildew attack frequency of 8.8% while vines receiving the BB treatment have a powdery mildew frequency of 32.8% (Table 10).

[0328] The tests thus demonstrate a secondary action of the phytosanitary composition (PK + osier) on powdery mildew of the vine. Example 3#: Conclusions

[0329] In conclusion, a phytosanitary composition comprising, as active agents, a potassium phosphonate compound and a willow bark infusion (PK + willow) is suitable for effectively controlling fungal diseases of the plant, such as downy mildew or powdery mildew, on different grape varieties.

[0330] It has been shown that treatment with the plant protection composition (PK + willow) is more effective against powdery mildew of grapevine than treatment with a composition including potassium phosphonate (part 2.2.1). Therefore, a liquid plant protection composition comprising, as active agents, at least one fungicidal phosphite compound and a plant extract of willow bark provides effective protection against downy mildew and powdery mildew without any other fungicidal composition.

[0331] In addition to its conclusive effects on fungal diseases of the plant, it has also been shown that the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) does not alter the physiology of the vine, and even improves some of its parameters, while being more effective and less polluting than the plant protection products currently on the market. For example, the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) allows for a significant increase in the number of berries per grape cluster compared to treatment with potassium phosphonate. Also, the phytosanitary composition (PK + willow) leaves little or no phosphite residues on the treated plants and does not alter the quality of the wines obtained from the fermentation of grapes from the treated vines (section 2.2.2 of the results).

[0332] Thus, the use of a liquid plant protection composition comprising, as active agents, at least one fungicidal phosphite compound and a plant extract of willow bark is effective against fungal diseases of the plant.

[0333] Furthermore, a plant protection kit comprising the plant protection composition (PK + willow) in combination with a composition containing low-dose zinc metiram is notably more effective against downy mildew than a low-dose treatment with a composition containing zinc metiram applied alone (section 2.2.3). The plant protection composition (PK + willow) in combination with a composition containing copper sulfate is also more effective against downy mildew and powdery mildew than a treatment with a composition comprising copper sulfate alone (part 2.2.4).

[0334] Thus, a plant protection kit comprising a first composition including, as active agents, at least one fungicidal phosphite compound and a plant extract of willow bark, and a secondary composition including a copper source or zinc metiram, is capable of controlling at least one fungal disease of the plant in a significant manner while being more effective and less polluting than the doses currently used for plant protection products on the market. List of documents cited

[0335] FR2917947

[0336] FR2867026

Claims

Claims

1. Liquid phytosanitary composition comprising, as active agents, at least: - a fungicidal phosphite compound, and - a willow bark herbal tea, in which the fungicidal phosphite compound is chosen from sodium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, triethylamine phosphite, diethanolamine phosphite, and mixtures thereof.

2. A liquid phytosanitary composition according to claim 1, wherein the fungicidal phosphite compound is monopotassium phosphite.

3. Liquid phytosanitary composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fungicidal phosphite compound is present in a content of 10% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition.

4. A liquid phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the osier bark herbal tea is an infusion, decoction or maceration of osier bark.

5. Liquid phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the phytosanitary composition comprises a content of osier bark of 0.5% to 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition.

6. Liquid phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the phytosanitary composition having a pH of less than 6.

5.

7. A phytosanitary kit comprising a first composition comprising a liquid phytosanitary composition according to one of the preceding claims, and a second composition comprising a source of copper or zinc metiram.

8. Use of a liquid phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or of a phytosanitary kit according to claim 7, for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one cryptogamic disease of a plant.

9. Use of a liquid phytosanitary composition or a phytosanitary kit according to claim 8, the cryptogamic disease being chosen from mildew, powdery mildew, excoriosis, black rot, fire blight, yellow rust, fusarium wilt, scab, anthracnose, peach leaf curl, a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas or a disease caused by bacteria of the species Pseudomonas syringae.

10. A process for preparing a phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising at least one step of mixing at least (a) one composition comprising a fungicidal phosphite compound chosen from sodium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, triethylamine phosphite, diethanolamine phosphite, and mixtures thereof and (b) at least one willow bark herbal tea.