Vertical axis wind turbine and power plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine (1) comprising: - a generator (2) comprising a central rotation axis defining the vertical axis (V) capable of driving in its rotary movement a set of magnets (3) on a set of coils (4), - a turbine (5) capable of driving the generator (2), said turbine (5) having the shape of a first ring comprising a set of movable radial blades (6) which extend from the generator (2), - a peripheral (7) having the shape of a second ring surrounding the first ring comprising a set of fixed radial blades (8) which extend from the turbine (5), According to the invention, the movable radial blades (6) are arranged radially with an angle of curvature opposite to the fixed radial blades (8) also arranged radially.The invention also relates to a power station (20) comprising a set of fixed (8) and mobile (6) radial blades mounted on a rail of a circular turbine (5), said rail comprising wheels each provided with a generator (2).Figure for the abstract: Fig. 9.

Description

Title of the invention: Vertical axis wind turbine and power plant

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind turbines and more particularly vertical axis wind turbines, as well as power plants.

[0002] In the above field, it is known to transform the natural movement of fluids such as wind or water into clean domestic energy by means of a wind turbine. The domestic wind turbine, for example, transforms the energy of the wind, available free of charge, into electricity. An inverter transforms the direct current produced into alternating current to inject it into the network or consume it on site.

[0003] There are wind turbines comprising a generator which is the unit for transforming rotating physical energy into electrical energy and a turbine which uses the energy produced by the movement of the fluid to drive the generator. The turbine-generator combination transforms the energy produced by the movement of the domesticated fluid into usable electrical energy.

[0004] Different types of wind turbines exist. The horizontal wind turbine is the most common type of wind turbine. This wind turbine captures the wind using blades assembled in the form of a propeller, these blades rotating around a horizontal mast. With this type of wind turbine, the force of the rotating propellers makes it possible to operate a generator located on the top of the wind turbine. The great advantage of this wind turbine is its efficiency, especially when the blades can be oriented according to the wind. The disadvantages of this type of wind turbine are, on the one hand, the noise they generate and, on the other hand, the complexity of installation depending on the height of the mast.

[0005] Vertical wind turbines are also known. Unlike the horizontal wind turbine, the vertical axis wind turbine rotates around a vertically positioned mast. Such wind turbines are designed with a set of blades comprising the same curvature relative to the vertical axis to capture the fluid. However, the fluid generally arrives in a single direction and thus more than half of the surface exposed to the fluid works against the direction of rotation of the blades.

[0006] The main disadvantage of this type of wind turbine is the need for relatively strong wind to start rotating and therefore produce energy. In addition, conventional vertical wind turbines have a very low efficiency.

[0007] The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a vertical axis wind turbine capable of capturing fluids with low movement, thus making it possible to produce energy even at very low speeds.

[0008] To this end, the invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine comprising a generator comprising a central rotation axis defining the vertical axis capable of driving in its rotary movement a set of magnets on a set of coils, a turbine capable of driving the generator, said turbine having the shape of a first ring comprising a set of movable radial blades which extend from the generator, and a peripheral having the shape of a second ring surrounding the first ring comprising a set of fixed radial blades which extend from the turbine. The turbine and generator combination transforms the energy produced by the movement of a domesticated fluid into usable electrical energy.

[0009] According to the invention, the moving blades are arranged radially with an angle of curvature opposite to the fixed radial blades also arranged radially. The efficiency of the wind turbine is linked to the active surface exposed to the fluid. The implementation of two sets of radial blades which collaborate allows a better efficiency of the capture of the fluid.

[0010] Advantageously, the wind turbine according to the invention, due to its concentric ring shape, has a low center of gravity with a wide base. Thus, not requiring a pylon, it is very easy to implement a wind turbine according to the invention on a roof.

[0011] Advantageously, the turbine and the peripheral are distant from the central axis of rotation.

[0012] Unlike existing wind turbines which capture the wind in a 40° section, the collaboration of the shape of the fixed blades and the moving blades makes it possible to capture the fluid in a 180° section.

[0013] According to a characteristic of the invention, the moving blades are arranged radially with an angle of curvature opposite to the fixed radial blades also arranged radially.

[0014] According to another characteristic of the invention, the mobile and fixed radial blades have the shape of a rectangular panel having a regular curved profile.

[0015] According to a characteristic of the invention, the mobile radial blades have a less curved profile than the fixed radial blades.

[0016] According to a characteristic of the invention, the number of fixed radial blades is identical to the number of mobile radial blades.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, the wind turbine comprises twelve movable radial blades. This embodiment with twelve blades makes it possible to channel the air flow well and thus not allow the wind to pass through the wind turbine without having extracted all of its power.

[0018] According to a characteristic of the invention, the profiles placed end to end of a fixed radial blade and a mobile radial blade follow a mathematical curve. The convergence of the two air flows at the end of the mobile and fixed blades eliminates the negative resultants and contributes to increasing the pressure which pushes the blade.

[0019] According to another characteristic of the invention, the spacing between two successive blades- cessives corresponds to the distance obtained for the highest point of said curve.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, the movable and fixed radial blades have the same length and substantially the same height.

[0021] According to an alternative embodiment, the wind turbine further comprises an extension forming a structure around the peripheral and comprising additional fixed blades in the continuity of each of the fixed radial blades. The addition of an extension to the assembly makes it possible to increase the surface area for capturing fluid flows. The extensions are designed individually so as to make the best use of the fluid movements of each installation.

[0022] The invention also relates to a power plant comprising a set of fixed and mobile radial blades mounted on a rail of a circular turbine, said rail running on a wheel track each equipped with a generator. Such a power plant is based on the same principle as a wind turbine according to the invention with larger dimensions and a higher number of off-center generators. A power plant according to the invention can advantageously be placed surrounding an area which requires an electrical energy supply.

[0023] Of course, the various features, variants and embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive.

[0024] Furthermore, various other characteristics of the invention emerge from the appended description given with reference to the drawings which illustrate non-limiting forms of embodiment of the invention and where:

[0025] [Fig-1] is a perspective view of a wind turbine according to the invention,

[0026] [Fig.2] is a transparent perspective view of the wind turbine of [Fig.l],

[0027] [Fig.3] is a view of a detail of the wind turbine and in particular the generator of [Fig.l],

[0028] [Fig.4] is a sectional view of the wind turbine of [Fig.l] showing a section plane DD',

[0029] [Fig.5] is a view of the section along DD',

[0030] [Fig.6] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a moving blade according to the invention,

[0031] [Fig.7] is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a fixed blade according to the invention,

[0032] [Fig.8] is a schematic view of the curve allowing the obtaining of examples of blades according to the invention,

[0033] [Fig.9] is a partial schematic view of the operation of a wind turbine according to the invention,

[0034] [Fig.10A] is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine comprising an extension,

[0035] [Fig. 10B] is a schematic view of another exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine comprising an extension,

[0036] [Fig. 10C] is a schematic view of another exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine comprising an extension,

[0037] [Fig. 11] is a perspective view in transparency of an exemplary embodiment of a power station according to the invention,

[0038] [Fig.12] is a perspective view of a detail of the power plant of [Fig.11], and

[0039] [Fig. 13] is a schematic view of different generator arrangements for a power plant according to the invention.

[0040] It should be noted that in these figures the structural and / or functional elements common to the different variants may have the same references.

[0041] The invention aims to increase the efficiency of a vertical axis wind turbine. To this end, the invention proposes the implementation of two sets of mobile and fixed radial blades whose curvature angles collaborate and increase the efficiency of the wind turbine.

[0042] The wind turbine according to the invention is compatible with a fluid such as air but also with water in the case where the wind turbine is submerged.

[0043] A vertical axis wind turbine according to the invention, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 and designated as a whole by the reference 1, comprises a generator 2 capable of driving in its rotary movement a set of magnets 3 (rotor) on a set of coils 4 (stator) and a turbine 5 capable of driving the generator 2 around a vertical axis V defining a bottom and a top.

[0044] [Fig. 3] illustrates an example of a generator 2 comprising twenty-four moving magnets 3 arranged on a support 4. According to other embodiments, a greater number of moving magnets 3 can be fixed to the generator 2.

[0045] Visible in figures 1 and 2, a turbine 5 forms a first ring around the generator 2. The turbine 5 comprises a set of mobile radial blades 6 arranged radially around the generator 2. The mobile radial blades 6 are included in a casing forming a hollow cylinder closed at its two ends.

[0046] The mobile radial blades 6 are of vertical elongated shape, the lower end of which is fixed to a support of the turbine 5. The turbine 5 is a moving monoblock which drives the generator 2.

[0047] Also visible in [Fig.l] and 2 is a peripheral 7 forming a second ring around the first which comprises a set of fixed radial blades 8 arranged radially relative to the generator 2. The fixed radial blades 8 are included in an envelope forming a hollow cylinder.

[0048] The fixed radial blades 8 are also of vertical elongated shape, a lower end of which is fixed to a lower fixed ring of the structure of the peripheral 7 and the upper end is fixed to a top disc of the structure of the peripheral 7 which advantageously protects the wind turbine 1. The device 7 is a fixed monoblock of the wind turbine 1.

[0049] According to the illustrated embodiment, the radial blades 6, 8 are all spaced regularly. This ensures regularity in the rotation of the turbine 5.

[0050] The fixed radial blades 8 and mobile radial blades 6 are of different heights, in particular in order to provide a space under the mobile radial blades 6 for the assembly of the wind turbine 1.

[0051] According to the illustrated embodiment, the wind turbine 1 comprises twelve fixed blades 8 and twelve mobile blades 6. Depending on the desired power and therefore depending on the choice of the dimensioning of the generator 2, the wind turbine 1 comprises a higher number of fixed radial blades 8 and mobile blades 6, the number of fixed radial blades 8 and mobile radial blades 6 remaining identical.

[0052] [Fig.4] shows a section along the axis DD' of the wind turbine 1 at the level of the generator 2. This section along DD' is shown in [Fig.5]. Nine fixed coils 4 thus appear at the center of the generator 2 of the wind turbine 1 and are surrounded by the turbine 5 then the peripheral 7.

[0053] The larger the diameter of the turbine 5, the slower the turbine 5 rotates. The wind flow circulating on the median perimeter of the generator 2 maintains its own speed. The number of revolutions per minute obtained for a given wind speed must correspond with the number of revolutions per minute of the generator 2 for a desired power in watts per hour. Braking the generator 2 under load will prevent the generator 2 from racing and will maintain a so-called comfortable rotation speed.

[0054] The chosen diameter of the turbine 5 preserves a sufficient lever arm. The aim being to coordinate the speed range of the average winds, that of the rotation speed of the turbine 5 and that of the rotation of the generator 2 to have a linear progression of the power released by the generator 2 when the wind speed increases.

[0055] Each movable radial blade 6 of the turbine 5 uses the pressure on the inner wall of its profile to move forward. The air flow which is intended for each movable radial blade 6 is concentrated and directed to the precise optimal location without loss of load.

[0056] The mobile radial blades 6 and the fixed radial blades 8 are illustrated respectively in Figures 6 and 7. According to these exemplary embodiments, said radial blades 6, 8 have a rectangular shape with a curved profile. These two profiles were chosen to maximize the capture of the wind or fluid driving the wind turbine 1.

[0057] The fixed radial blades 8 have a hollow profile. This hollow profile is a slow and powerful capture profile.

[0058] [Fig.8] illustrates a mathematical curve on which the profile of the fixed radial blades 8 and mobile blades 6 is based. This curve is included in a section of angle a substantially equal to 47.5°. The radial blades 6,8 are designed by splitting this mathematical shape into two parts, the most hollowed part forms a mobile radial blade 6 and the part with less curvature forms a fixed radial blade 8.

[0059] The two directions of curvature of each of the radial blades 6, 8 are then reversed so as to promote the capture of the fluid as they are visible in the sectional figures of the exemplary embodiment of the wind turbine 1.

[0060] Tests were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of this particular shape which makes it possible to design the two types of radial blades 6,8 described above.

[0061] This particular mathematical form illustrated in [Fig.8] also makes it possible to define the optimized space E between two radial blades 6,8. Preferably, the spacing E between each mobile radial blade 6 is substantially the same on the turbine 5.

[0062] The wind turbine 1 comprises a lower and upper support. The fairing created by the upper and lower supports plays an important role in preventing air from escaping vertically. The space E between two fixed radial blades 8 of the peripheral 7 and the lower and upper supports of the wind turbine 1 forms a box which concentrates the air flows exactly in the hollow of the mobile radial blades 6.

[0063] [Fig.9] schematically represents the movement of the wind turbine 1. The solid arrows represent the wind (this can also correspond to other fluids). The direction of movement of the mobile radial blades 6 is given by the dotted arrow. Advantageously, the entire surface of the wind turbine 1 exposed to the wind is active and captures all the energy of the slightest stream of air, thus increasing the efficiency of the wind turbine 1.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the invention, the wind turbine 1 further comprises an extension 10. This extension 10 is an extension of the peripheral 8. Figures 10A, 10B and 10C illustrate alternative embodiments of an extension 10 according to the invention. Other embodiments are also possible, the extension 10 making it possible to better capture a fluid. To do this, the extension 10 comprises additional blades 11 which are a straight extension of the fixed radial blades 8. The additional blades 11 therefore have the shape of a flat panel of the same height as the fixed radial blades 8.

[0065] The driving of the mobile radial blades 6 induces the rotation of the generator 2 which drives the magnets 3. This movement near the coils 4 creates an electric current. According to the illustrated embodiment, the twenty-four mobile magnets 3 and the twelve fixed coils 4 make it possible to convert the rotary movement of the turbine 5 into electrical energy. The current produced is a three-phase alternating current. The current thus produced is transformed into direct current by a regulator (not shown). Then, the direct current is transformed into alternating current by an inverter (not shown) for direct consumption or resale to the network. This embodiment is not limiting for the invention.

[0066] A generator 2 compatible with the invention comprises permanent magnets and operates thanks to the induction produced in a winding 4 passing between at least two magnets 3. The generator 2 therefore does not require carbon brushes. This is the same principle as a “brushless motor”. Depending on the relative number of windings and magnets, the alternating current produced by the generator 2 may be either three-phase or single-phase.

[0067] A domestic wind turbine 1 according to the invention produces 3 to 5 Kilowatts per day placed flat or on a ridge on a roof or on a short pylon in a garden.

[0068] The operating system of a power plant 20 according to the invention is the same as the operating system of a wind turbine 1. This is a homothety in particular of the dimensions of a wind turbine 1.

[0069] In a power plant 20, the number of generators 2 increases and said generators 2 are offset relative to the wind system previously described. This makes it possible in particular to free up the central space of the power plant 20.

[0070] Thus, the invention is also applied for large dimensions allowing the multiplication of the generators 2 which are then driven by an oversized turbine 5. The moving blades 6 of the generator 2 are then connected to a circular rail of the turbine 5. The generators 2 constitute a fixed circular rolling path positioned under the rail of the moving blades 6.

[0071] The driving of the generators 2 by the moving blades 6 is done asynchronously whatever the arrangement of the generators 2 relative to the rail.

[0072] Advantageously, by increasing the number of blades, we move from an arrangement of the moving blades 6 and fixed blades 8 on two plates as described for the wind turbine 1 to an arrangement of the moving blades 6 and fixed blades 8 on two rings as they are visible in [Fig. 11]. The central space is thus freed up.

[0073] According to the example illustrated in [Fig.l 1], the power unit 20 comprises 120 mobile blades 6 mounted on a rail of the turbine 5 and 120 fixed blades 8.

[0074] A power plant 20 comprises the same profile of moving 6 and fixed 8 blades as a wind turbine 1.

[0075] The fixed 8 and mobile 6 blades are of different heights in order in particular to provide a rolling path for the unit 20.

[0076] As illustrated in [Fig.12], the movable blades 6 located on the turbine 5 prevent the air flow from escaping. And, the air flow is channeled on all sides by the fixed blades 8 (not shown).

[0077] The central unit 20 can also comprise an extension 10. The fixed radial blades 8 are thus of two types, namely, profiled fixed blades which progressively transform the linear air flows into rotating air flows and additional blades 11 (which have a substantially flat shape) which will increase the air capture surface in harmony with the movements of the relief and the plane on which it is positioned. wind turbine 1. For example, on top of a roof or hill, extension 10 will be shaped like a half-diabolo to block slope flows.

[0078] For a power plant 20, the position of the generators 2 relative to the turbine 5 differs. The number and position of the generators 2 is variable to allow horizontal homothety. [Fig. 13] illustrates possibilities for arranging the generators 2 relative to the turbine 5. Indeed, various architectures for arranging generators 2 on the turbines 5 are possible for a power plant 20 according to the invention.

[0079] Of course, various other modifications may be made to the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

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7. Claims Vertical axis wind turbine (1) comprising: - a generator (2) comprising a central rotation axis defining the vertical axis (V) capable of driving in its rotary movement a set of magnets (3) on a set of coils (4), - a turbine (5) capable of driving the generator (2), said turbine (5) having the shape of a first ring around the generator (2) comprising a set of movable radial blades (6) which extend from the generator (2), - a peripheral (7) having the shape of a second ring surrounding the first ring comprising a set of fixed radial blades (8) which extend from the turbine (5), characterized in that the movable radial blades (6) are arranged radially with an angle of curvature opposite to the fixed radial blades (8) also arranged radially, the movable radial blades (6) and fixed (8) have the shape of a rectangular panel having a regular curved and hollow profile, and the profiles placed end to end of a fixed radial blade (8) and a movable radial blade (6) follow a mathematical curve with the most hollowed part forming the movable radial blade (6) and the part having a lesser curvature forming a fixed radial blade (8). Wind turbine (1) according to the preceding claim in which the number of fixed radial blades (8) is identical to the number of mobile radial blades (6). Wind turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims comprising twelve movable radial blades (6). Wind turbine (1) according to the preceding claim in which the spacing between two successive blades (6, 8) corresponds to the distance obtained for the highest point of said curve. Wind turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims in which the mobile radial blades (6) and fixed radial blades (8) have the same length and substantially the same height. Wind turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims further comprising an extension (10) forming a structure around the peripheral (7) and comprising additional fixed blades (11) in the continuity of each of the fixed radial blades (8). Power plant (20) comprising a set of fixed (8) and mobile (6) radial blades mounted on a rail of a circular turbine (5), said rail running on a wheel track each equipped with a generator (2), the mobile (6) and fixed (8) radial blades have the shape of a rectangular panel presenting a regular curved and hollow profile, and the profiles placed end to end of a fixed radial blade (8) and a mobile radial blade (6) follow a mathematical curve with the most hollowed part forming the mobile radial blade (6) and the part presenting a lesser curvature forming a fixed radial blade (8).

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