Recycled material made from plant-based waste, its preparation process and its applications

Abstract

Recycled Material from Plant-Based Waste, its Preparation Process, and its Applications. The present invention discloses a recycled material from plant-based waste, its preparation process, and its applications, and falls within the technical field of recycling plant-based waste. Its recycling process comprises the following steps: after being shredded, the plant-based waste is mixed with water and a detoxifying agent to form a mixture; the recycled material is obtained after resting for 3 to 7 days. Said detoxifying agent comprises one or more ammonium salts or ammonia water; the ratio of the dry weight of said plant-based waste to the effective mass of the detoxifying agent is 100: (0.5~2); the effective mass of the detoxifying agent comprises the mass of solute in the mass of ammonium salt and ammonia water.

Description

Title of the invention: Recycled material from plant-based waste, its preparation process and its applications. Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a recycled material from waste of plant origin, its preparation process and its applications, and falls within the technical field of recycling waste of plant origin. State of the art

[0002] Plant-based waste refers to the main component of waste derived from plant stubble, such as crop stalks, forestry waste, and mushroom residues. China produces hundreds of millions of tons of plant-based waste annually, much of which is simply piled on the ground, leading to environmental pollution and resource waste.

[0003] The main components of plant-based waste are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; they also contain mineral elements and potentially constitute a raw material for horticultural substrates. However, when untreated plant-based waste is used as a substrate raw material, the presence of plant toxicity has serious growth-inhibiting effects. Plant toxicity refers to toxic effects on plant growth; this harm can be caused by multiple compounds, including metals in microquantities, fertilizers, salinity, plant toxins, or allelochemicals.The current method for reducing plant toxicity involves aerobic or anaerobic fermentation to achieve complete decomposition. This breaks down toxic plant substances, allowing the waste to be used as a substrate or fertilizer for crops. However, microbial fermentation is relatively time-consuming, typically requiring 30 to 60 days of fermentation per stack to effectively eliminate plant toxicity. The treatment cycle is lengthy, and yields are low. Contents of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of prior techniques, and to provide a recycled material from waste of plant origin, its preparation process and its applications with high processing yields, shortened processing time and reduced costs.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical plan: the process for preparing recycled material from plant-based waste comprises the following steps:

[0006] After being ground, the plant-based waste is mixed with water and a detoxifier to form a mixture; the recycled material is obtained after settling. Said detoxifier comprises one or more ammonium salts or ammonia waters; the ratio of the dry weight of said plant-based waste to the effective mass of the detoxifier is 100: (0.5-2); the effective mass of the detoxifier comprises the mass of solute in the mass of ammonium salt and ammonia water.

[0007] Advantageously, the mixture is left to rest for 3 to 7 days.

[0008] Advantageously, said ammonium salt is one or more of the following: ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.

[0009] Advantageously, the mass ratio of the dry weight of the plant-derived waste of said mixture and the mass of the water is 1: (2-4).

[0010] Advantageously, said detoxifier further comprises low acidity calcium salts, said low acidity calcium salts comprising one or more elements among calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate and calcium alginate.

[0011] Advantageously, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt and the calcium salt to low acidity is (1-3): 1.

[0012] Advantageously, said detoxifier further comprises humic acid.

[0013] Advantageously, the mass ratio of ammonium salt and humic acid is (1-3): 1.

[0014] The second object of the present invention is to provide a recycled material from plant-based waste obtained using the aforementioned process.

[0015] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of recycled material according to the aforementioned recycled material of plant-based waste, said recycled material being used as a cereal crop substrate, as an organic fertilizer, or as a raw material for the preparation of substrate or organic fertilizer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] During the settling period after mixing the already shredded plant waste with the detoxifier and water, the toxic substances present in the plant waste react with the ammonium salt or ammonia water, such that the toxic substances present in the plant waste lose their toxicity, forming a recycled plant waste material whose plant toxicity is eliminated. The present invention provides a targeted reaction for elimination. toxic plant substances present in plant-based waste, the recycled material whose plant toxicity has been eliminated is obtained without having to go through the slow elimination by classic indistinct biodegradation, the recycling process is simple and high-yield, it considerably increases the treatment yields of plant-based waste, reduces the recycling cycle and treatment time, and is of significant scope in promoting the recycling of plant-based waste. Methods of implementation

[0018] A clear and complete description of the technical plan of the present invention combined with embodiments of the present invention is given below. Of course, the embodiments described constitute only a part of the embodiments, and not the entirety of them. Provided that no creative work is performed, a person skilled in the art may, based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtain other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides a process for preparing recycled material from plant-based waste comprising the following steps:

[0020] After being shredded, the plant-based waste is mixed with water and a detoxifying agent to form a mixture. After settling, a recycled material whose toxicity has been eliminated is obtained. The shredding of the plant-based waste referred to may be direct shredding of the wet material or shredding of the waste once it has dried, provided that a shredded substrate of the plant-based waste is obtained.

[0021] During mixing, the ratio of the dry weight of said plant-based waste to the effective mass of the detoxifier is 100:(0.5-2), the effective mass of the detoxifier comprising the mass of solute in the mass of ammonium salt and ammonia water. During the detoxification treatment of dried plant-based waste, the plant-based waste and the detoxifier are taken directly according to their mass ratio; during the detoxification treatment of the wet matter of plant-based waste, the dry weight is converted according to the moisture content of the plant-based waste, and then the detoxifier is taken proportionally.

[0022] A resting period of 3 to 7 days allows for good detoxification effects; too long or too short a resting period directly affects the plant detoxification effects of the recycled material. The detoxifier of the present invention comprises one or more ammonium salts or ammonia waters, in which the ammonium salt is one or more elements of ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate.

[0023] In the detoxification treatment, the mass ratio of the dry weight of the plant-based waste of said mixture and the mass of water is 1: (2~4), the ratio of the plant-based waste and the total quantity of water in the mixture is restricted, i.e., undried wet matter of plant-based waste is used, the water contained in the plant-based waste is added by conversion to the mass of water according to its water content; when ammonia water is used as a detoxifier, the water contained in the ammonia water is added by conversion to the mass of water according to the mass and concentration of the ammonia water, the quantities of water added are reduced accordingly to the conversion results.

[0024] To enhance the detoxification effects, the detoxifier further comprises low-acid calcium salts. These low-acid calcium salts include one or more of the following: calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate, and calcium alginate. In the detoxifier, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to the low-acid calcium salt is (1~3):1. This two-type composition enhances the plant toxicity elimination effects. In parallel, the detoxifier also includes humic acid; the use of a composition of humic acid and low-acidity calcium salt, ammonium salt, or ammonia water enhances its influence as a recycling culture material on the seed germination index by stimulating it; in the detoxifier, the mass ratio of ammonium salt or ammonia water with humic acid is (1~3):1.

[0025] The second object of the present invention, which is to provide a recycled material from plant-based waste, is achieved using the aforementioned process. The third object of the present invention is to provide applications for the aforementioned recycled material from plant-based waste. This recycled material can be used as a cereal cropping substrate, as an organic fertilizer, or as a raw material for preparing substrates or organic fertilizers. That is to say, the recycled material from plant-based waste obtained using the aforementioned preparation process can constitute a cereal cropping substrate or an organic fertilizer. It is also possible to add micro-quantities of cropping substrate material composed of inorganic substrates such as fertilizers, pesticides, water-retaining agents, shale soil, or perlite to this recycled material.

[0026] The plant-based waste used in the embodiments of the present invention is green waste from urban streets; it is dried, ground and passed through a 0.2 cm sieve to make it an experimental material.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] The present embodiment provides a process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to rest for 5 days at room temperature.

[0029] Embodiment 2

[0030] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium hydrogen sulfate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0031] Embodiment 3

[0032] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium sulfate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0033] Embodiment 4

[0034] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: 1% concentration ammonia water, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 100:100:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0035] Embodiment 5

[0036] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0037] Embodiment 6

[0038] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1.5:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0039] Embodiment 7

[0040] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0041] Embodiment 8

[0042] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:300:100, and placed at rest for 5 days at room temperature.

[0043] Embodiment 9

[0044] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:400:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0045] Embodiment 10

[0046] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand for 3 days at room temperature.

[0047] Embodiment 11

[0048] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand for 7 days at room temperature.

[0049] Embodiment 12

[0050] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0051] Embodiment 13

[0052] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:1:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0053] Embodiment 14

[0054] The main difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, humic acid, water and the experimental material are homogeneously mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5:200:100, and left to stand for 5 days at room temperature.

[0055] Comparative example 1

[0056] Experimental material that has not undergone any treatment as a control of recycled material.

[0057] Comparative example 2

[0058] Water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 2:1, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

[0059] Comparative example 3

[0060] Calcium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

[0061] Comparative example 4

[0062] Sodium hydroxide, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

[0063] Comparative example 5

[0064] Humic acid, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

[0065] Comparative example 6

[0066] Ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:100:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

[0067] Comparative example 7

[0068] Ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 1 day.

[0069] Comparative example 8

[0070] Ammonium carbonate, water and the experimental material are mixed homogeneously in a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 9 days.

[0071] Comparative example 9

[0072] 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg / ml of ammonium carbonate solution are respectively used in seed germination trials, in order to measure the seed germination index.

[0073] Comparative example 10

[0074] 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg / ml of calcium carbonate solution are respectively used in seed germination trials, in order to measure the seed germination index.

[0075] Comparative example 11

[0076] 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg / ml of humic acid solution are used respectively in seed germination trials, in order to measure the seed germination index.

[0077] Evaluation of plant toxicity

[0078] The seed germination index is used to assess the plant toxicity of the recycled material; the higher the germination index, the lower the plant toxicity of the material. Concrete process: the recycled materials prepared in embodiments 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 8 are homogeneously mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:10, stirred and extracted for 30 minutes, centrifuged for 10 minutes, the supernatant liquid is used for seed germination index analysis (for the seed germination test, refer to standard industrial applications), 10 cabbage seeds of substantially identical size are placed in a Petri dish with a filter, the supernatant layers prepared according to the aforementioned processes are taken, and a 72-hour culture is carried out at room temperature and protected from light, a caliper is used to measure the germination lengths.A control using purified water is prepared (for a blank test). Statistics and calculations of the germination indices of the experimental materials for each embodiment and comparative example = germination length of the material / germination length of the seeds in purified water x 100%. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0079] Results of seed germination index tests for each embodiment and comparative example

[0080] [Tables 1] Method No. Seed Germination Index Method No. Seed Germination Index Method 1 90.2% Comparative Example 4 2.3% Method 2 84.6% Comparative Example 5 4.7% Method 3 86.8% Comparative Example 6 35.1% Method 4 89.4% Comparative Example 7 8.9% Method 5 75.4% Comparative Example 8 9.4% Method 6 85.3% Comparative Example 9 (0.01 mg / ml) 96.8% Method 7 84.3% Comparative Example 9 (0.1 mg / ml) 92.1% Method 8 91.3% Comparative Example 9 (1 mg / ml) 1% Method 9 90.8% Comparative Example 9 (10 mg / ml) 0% Implementation method 10 92.5% Comparative example 10 (0.01 mg / ml) 99.4% Implementation method 11 86.9% Comparative example 10 (0.1 mg / ml) 100.5% Implementation method 12 93.5% Comparative example 10 (1 mg / ml) 99.7% Implementation method 13 92.7% Comparative example 10 (10 mg / ml) 97.8% Implementation method 14 96.1% Comparative example 11 (0.01 mg / ml) 81,5% Comparative example 1 5.6% Comparative example 11 (0.1 mg / ml) 77.9% Comparative example 2 7.2% Comparative example 11 (1 mg / ml) 75.2% Comparative example 3 6.5% Comparative example 11 (10 mg / ml) 55.1% ,

[0081] Table 1 indicates that after treatment of plant-based waste by the preparation process of the present invention, it is sufficient to reduce to 3 to 7 days to significantly increase the seed germination index of the material, which means that toxic plant substances have been manifestly eliminated, the seed germination index of the recycled material obtained by the process of the present invention is basically more than 80%, which fully meets the requirements of ordinary crops.By comparison, the germination rate of seeds from untreated plant waste is 5.6%, which is far too low to meet the requirements for an organic substrate or fertilizer. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the simple use of water, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or humic acid in the corresponding treatment of plant waste yields only minimal treatment effects and fails to remove toxic plant substances present in the waste. Moreover, altering the mass ratio or treatment time of the detoxifying agent, water, and plant waste mixture directly affects the treatment effects of the plant waste, resulting in a significant decrease in the removal of toxic plant substances.Furthermore, comparative examples 9 to 11 indicate that the components of various detoxifiers used in the present invention have no stimulating or encouraging effect on seed germination; on the contrary, under certain concentrations, they have a clear inhibitory effect on seed germination. We can observe that after treatment of plant waste with the detoxifier of the present invention, the seed germination index of the recycled material does not result from an influence of the detoxifier itself on seed germination, but from the elimination of toxic plant substances from the plant waste.

[0082] The use of ammonium salt or ammonia water as a detoxifying agent in the treatment of plant-based waste allows for the simple and highly efficient removal of toxic plant substances. Compared to prior techniques for removing toxic plant substances based on fermentation and decomposition by piling, the technical design of the present invention does not require microbial fermentation or biodegradation, and consequently does not exhibit the characteristic of increased effects determined by added microbial value based on increased duration. The complete treatment cycle is reduced from 30-60 days to 3-7 days. It is safe and highly efficient, its application is simple and practical, and it significantly reduces the costs of recycling plant-based waste. than to achieve at reduced costs the transformation of very vast resources of plant-based waste into substrate material, into material or raw material for organic fertilizer, with a significant scope for solving the problem of environmental pollution from plant-based waste.

[0083] The foregoing constitutes only preferred embodiments of the present invention; it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed in this text, other embodiments should not be considered excluded, it can be applied to other combinations, modifications and environments, and can, without departing from the scope of the present invention, be modified via the aforementioned teachings or the knowledge or technique of the field.

Claims

Demands

1. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: after being ground, the waste of plant origin is mixed with water and a detoxifier to form a mixture, the recycled material is obtained after resting for 3 to 7 days; said detoxifier comprises one or more ammonium salts or ammonia waters, the ratio of the dry weight of said waste of plant origin and the effective mass of the detoxifier is 100: 0.5-2, the effective mass of the detoxifier comprises the mass of solute in the mass of ammonium salt and ammonia water.

2. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin according to claim 1, characterized in that: said ammonium salt is one or more elements among ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.

3. A process for preparing recycled material from plant-based waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the dry weight of plant-based waste of said mixture and the mass of water is 1:2-4.

4. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin according to claim 1, characterized in that: said detoxifier further comprises low acidity calcium salts, said low acidity calcium salts comprising one or more elements from calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate and calcium alginate.

5. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the ammonium salt and the low acidity calcium salt is 1-3:

1.

6. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin according to claim 1, characterized in that: said detoxifier further comprises humic acid.

7. A process for preparing recycled material from waste of plant origin according to claim 6, characterized in that: the mass ratio of ammonium salt and humic acid is 1-3:

1. 13

8. Use of the recycled material obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, as a cereal crop substrate, as an organic fertilizer, or as a raw material for the preparation of substrate or organic fertilizer.