Heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (2) configured for passively thermally treating a food product. The heat exchanger (2) comprises a pipe (11), at least one pipe support structure (12), a refrigerant (15) of the phase-change material type, a heat treatment tank (17) defining a housing (26) for the refrigerant (15), the structure (12), and the main segment (19) supported by at least one structure, the main segment (19) being intended to be immersed in the refrigerant (15). The pipe (11) is intended for the passage of a flow of the food product. The main segment (19) extends between a flow inlet port (6) and a flow outlet port (7). The structure (12) is configured to support the main segment (19) by means of fastening elements (52). Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 2

Description

Title of the invention: Heat exchanger

[0001] The technical context of the present invention is that of devices for preserving foodstuffs in fluid form, and more particularly of low-energy preservation devices. More specifically, the invention relates to a heat exchanger.

[0002] It is known that foodstuffs can be sensitive to heat. In particular, fresh products, such as plant-based products like fresh fruit and its juice, fresh vegetables and their juice, or animal-based products (dairy products, processed or unprocessed meats, etc.), or even combinations (chocolate and various food compositions), can undergo chemical deterioration if subjected to inappropriate temperatures. Specifically, these foodstuffs can deteriorate through chemical reactions (non-enzymatic browning, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, oxidation of vitamins, etc.) and / or enzymatic reactions, exacerbated by heat. Thus, each foodstuff is characterized by optimal storage temperature criteria that should be respected in order to preserve its quantitative, qualitative, and gustatory nutritional benefits and to avoid any health risks.

[0003] Several preservation methods can be used in the food industry. Physical preservation methods, particularly thermal ones (pasteurization, sterilization, freezing, refrigeration), and chemical preservation methods (antifungal and antibacterial additives, smoking, preservation under modified atmosphere) are known.

[0004] In the specific context of pressing fruit to obtain juice or must, it is known that an inappropriate ambient temperature, particularly a high one, is especially detrimental. Indeed, it can induce uncontrolled and premature fermentation of the juice or must obtained by pressing. In particular, in the case of winemaking, controlling the temperature of the must plays a crucial role in the production, preservation, and organoleptic qualities of the wine. Even more so for appellation wines such as Champagne, controlling the quality of the grape juice is essential to complying with the standards imposed by the label, which guarantees adherence to specific production steps.

[0005] To avoid fermentation of the must in ambient temperatures that promote it, night harvesting can be carried out, so that pressing can take place during the cooler hours of the night. This process has obvious drawbacks for the workforce and makes harvesting more tedious and uncomfortable. Furthermore, this process is difficult to implement in a warming climate. climatic conditions increasing heat waves and therefore hot nights not conducive to this practice.

[0006] It is also known to use refrigerated storage tanks consisting of heat transfer fluid exchangers to cool the must. These solutions, while effective, require equipping the storage tanks, which is detrimental in terms of the financial and energy costs involved. Furthermore, these solutions contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and hinder progress toward energy efficiency.

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a new heat exchanger in order to address at least largely the previous problems and to lead to other advantages.

[0008] Another objective of the invention is to provide an energy-efficient heat exchanger.

[0009] Another object of the invention is to propose a simple heat exchanger, both from the point of view of its implementation, and from the point of view of its manufacture.

[0010] Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger that is universal and configured to adapt to different types of foodstuffs preserved in fluid form.

[0011] Another objective of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger that is universal and configured to adapt to different pressing practices, whether artisanal or industrial.

[0012] Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger that is reusable for a large number of work cycles.

[0013] Another object of the invention is to provide a mobile heat exchanger, which can be successively associated with separate food storage tanks.

[0014] Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger compatible with the production of appellation wines, and in particular with the production of Champagne wines.

[0015] According to a first aspect of the invention, at least one of the aforementioned objectives is achieved with a heat exchanger configured to passively thermally treat a food product, the heat exchanger comprising: (i) a conduit for the passage of a flow, in particular a flow of the food product, the conduit comprising a main segment extending between a flow inlet orifice and a flow outlet orifice; (ii) at least one conduit support structure configured to support the main segment of the conduit and configured to be fixed securely to said main segment by fastening elements; (iii) a refrigerant of the type of a phase-change material, the main segment of the conduit being intended to be, at least in part, immersed in the refrigerant; (iv) a heat treatment tank delimiting a housing, the housing being intended to house the refrigerant, at least one support structure and the main segment of the pipe carried by at least one support structure.

[0016] It is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention is configured to passively heat a food product. By "passively," it is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention allows passive regulation of the temperature of the food product flow circulating in the pipe by means of the phase-change material.

[0017] The heat exchanger according to the invention is configured to passively heat a food product without requiring an external electrical power source other than the electrical power necessary for the flow of air through the conduit. In particular, it is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention is compressor-free. The heat exchanger according to the invention is condenser-free. The heat exchanger according to the invention is evaporator-free. The heat exchanger according to the invention is expansion valve-free.

[0018] In other words, the heat exchanger according to the invention is passive compared to active heat exchangers. Active heat exchangers are understood to be those of the type found in heat pumps or refrigerators. It is understood that, in the heat exchanger according to the invention, the food product circulating in the pipe is intended to circulate at a relatively constant pressure. The food product circulates in the pipe to be cooled. In the implemented heat exchanger according to the invention, the food product circulates in the pipe at a relatively constant pressure and is passively cooled by the phase-change material.

[0019] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the conduit is intended for the passage of the food product flow. In other words, in the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, the food product circulates in the conduit. It is understood that circulating the food product flow may require electrical energy.

[0020] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the conduit is generally intended for the passage of a flow. The conduit is intended for the passage of a flow that allows a physical state of the phase-change material to be modified. It is understood that the conduit allows, alternately and successively, the passage of a flow of food product and another flow. The passage of another flow allows the phase-change material, which cooled the food product flow, to be recharged. Without limitation, a flow of water can be used to modify a physical state of the phase-change material. Such a flow allows the phase-change material to discharge its accumulated heat during The heat exchange between the phase-change material and the food product. Alternatively, the conduit allows the passage of a flow intended to clean the conduit. It is understood that circulating any flow within the conduit may require electrical energy without contradicting the passive nature of the invention.

[0021] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the main segment of the conduit extends between the inlet and outlet ports of the conduit. The main segment is intended to be, at least partially, immersed in the phase-change material. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, the heat exchange between the phase-change material and the food product stream takes place at the immersed level of the main segment. "At least partially" means that the main segment may be partially immersed in the phase-change material. The main segment may also include one or more parts intended to be immersed in the phase-change material. It is understood that the main segment includes at least one part intended to be immersed in the phase-change material.Alternatively, the main segment comprises several parts intended to be immersed in the phase-change material. In the implemented invention, any part of the main segment immersed in the phase-change material forms a heat exchange zone of the main segment of the pipe.

[0022] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention implemented, the flow circulates in the pipe from the flow inlet orifice to the flow outlet orifice.

[0023] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the inlet orifice of the pipe is located upstream of the main segment of the pipe, relative to the direction of flow in the pipe.

[0024] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the outlet orifice of the pipe is located downstream of the main segment of the pipe, relative to the direction of flow in the pipe.

[0025] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, at least one pipe support structure is configured to support the main segment of the pipe. It is understood that the main segment is mounted and supported by the support structure. The support structure makes it possible to maintain the main segment in a given conformation, despite the weight of the pipe itself and despite the weight of the food product, or any other fluid, that it contains.

[0026] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, at least one pipe support structure is configured to be fixed securely to said main segment by fastening elements. The fastening elements make the main segment and the driving support structure are joined.

[0027] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the refrigerant is a phase-change material, the main segment of the pipe being intended to be immersed, at least partially, in the refrigerant. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, the heat exchange between the phase-change material and the food product flow takes place at the immersed part(s) of the main segment.

[0028] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the phase-change material is deemed to be in a solid state at ambient temperature. In other words, the phase-change material is deemed to have a temperature lower than its melting point at ambient temperature. The temperature difference between the phase-change material and the food product stream allows for absorption equal to the enthalpy of fusion of the phase-change material.

[0029] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the heat treatment tank defines the housing. The housing is intended to contain the refrigerant, at least one support structure, and the main segment of the pipe carried by at least one support structure. It is understood that the tank contains the phase-change material. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented for heat exchange between the food product and the phase-change material, the housing contains the refrigerant, at least one support structure, and the main segment of the pipe carried by at least one support structure.

[0030] The food product is, for example, a fresh product such as a product of plant origin. For example, the food product is fresh fruit juice. Advantageously, the food product is fruit must. Even more advantageously, the food product is grape must. The heat exchanger according to the invention then makes it possible to preserve the juice from fermentation or from the resulting foaming.

[0031] Thus, the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, when implemented, allows for the thermal treatment of a food product flow circulating in the pipe, via a passive process thanks to the phase-change material in which the pipe is immersed, at least partially. This heat transfer depends on the temperature gradient existing between the food product flow and the phase-change material.

[0032] In the case of grape must, the heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention makes it possible to cool it, in order to limit, ideally eliminate, the fermentation of the must and control the quality of the juice obtained. Such a heat exchanger makes it possible to comply with manufacturing steps specific to the production of wines, and particularly Champagne wines, while guaranteeing low electrical energy consumption compared to conventional heat exchangers.

[0033] The invention in accordance with its first aspect thus allows for energy-efficient cooling, based on an enthalpy of fusion characteristic of the phase change material, which can be likened to enthalpy or passive cooling as opposed to cooling by active thermodynamic type equipment.

[0034] The heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0035] - the conduit, taken at the level of the main segment of the conduit, comprises a An internal surface opposite an external surface, the internal surface being intended to be in contact with the food product flow, and the external surface being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant, the external surface delimiting a heat exchange area of ​​between 1.5 square meters and 0.5 square meters for a quantity of refrigerant between 150 and 50 kg. The main segment of the pipe comprises the internal surface radially opposite the external surface. The internal surface is intended to be in contact with the food product flow in the implemented invention to cool said food product. The external surface is intended to be in contact with the refrigerant contained in the tank in the implemented invention. When the invention is implemented, it is understood that the external surface intended to be in contact with the refrigerant is located at the level of an immersed portion of the main segment of the pipe.The external surface area defining such a heat exchange surface is advantageous for efficient passive heat treatment of the food product stream in the implemented invention. Advantageously, the heat exchange surface area is equal to 1 square meter for a quantity of refrigerant equal to 100 kg. For example, for a grape press with a capacity of 4000 kg, the heat exchange surface area is equal to 4 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant contained in the tank is equal to 300 kg. For example, for a grape press with a capacity of 8000 kg, the heat exchange surface area is equal to 8 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant contained in the tank is equal to 600 kg. For example, for a grape press with a capacity of 12000 kg, the heat exchange surface area is equal to 12 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant contained in the tank is equal to 900 kg.

[0036] - the heat exchanger has a heat flux density between 750 W / m2 and 1000 W / m². Such a heat flux density allows for efficient passive heat treatment of the food product stream in the implemented invention. Advantageously, the heat exchanger has a heat flux density between 750 W / m2 to 2000 W / m2. Such a heat flux density is optimal for cooling a food product stream such as grape must;

[0037] - a distance between the external surface of the pipe and the internal surface of the The pipe diameter is between 1.2 mm and 0.8 mm. This distance promotes thermal conduction between the pipe's outer and inner surfaces. Advantageously, the distance between the pipe's outer and inner surfaces is 1 mm. This distance is optimal for promoting thermal conduction between the pipe's outer and inner surfaces and ensuring the pipe's mechanical strength. Furthermore, such a pipe diameter is considered "commercially available" and can be easily obtained through this channel.

[0038] - the conduit comprises linear portions and angled portions fixed solid The linear sections of the main pipe segment are joined to each other by a fastening device, each linear section having its opposite ends fixed to a corresponding elbow section. The linear sections of the main pipe segment are spaced apart to ensure relatively even distribution within the housing. The pipe comprises linear and elbow sections securely fastened to each other by a fastening device. The fastening device is either permanent or removable. The elbow sections extend, at least partially, to describe a curve. Each linear section of the main pipe segment has two opposite ends. The opposite ends of each linear section are fixed to a corresponding elbow section. This configuration results in a compact pipe. This configuration optimizes the ratio between the quantity of refrigerant and the heat exchange surface area.The linear sections of the main duct segment are spaced apart to ensure a relatively even distribution both among themselves and within the housing. It is understood that this arrangement of the linear and angled sections of the main duct segment allows the heat exchanger duct according to the invention to be more compact. To achieve a more even distribution within the housing, the overall dimensions of the housing must be considered. For example, the optimal arrangement of the linear sections relative to each other will differ for a housing with a parallelepiped, curved, or circular cross-section. Regardless of the housing's dimensions, this arrangement of the linear and angled sections follows a sinuous path. This duct structure allows for a homogeneous distribution of the main duct segment within the housing.In the implemented invention, such a homogeneous distribution facilitates heat exchange along the main segment of the pipe;

[0039] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a diameter substantially constant. The diameter is the greatest distance that can be measured between two points on the internal surface of the linear portion under consideration. By substantially constant, we mean that the diameter is identical at every point of the linear portion under consideration. Advantageously, the linear portions all have the same diameter in the main segment;

[0040] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a The diameter, measured at the internal surface, is equal to or greater than 20 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with a food product viscosity such as must. Advantageously, in the main segment of the pipeline, the linear sections each have a diameter, measured at their internal surface, of between 20 mm and 25 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with the viscosity of grape must. Very advantageously, in the main segment of the pipeline, the linear sections each have a diameter, measured at their internal surface, of 20 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with the viscosity of grape must and makes the pipeline particularly compact;

[0041] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions have a cross-section circular. Such a shape facilitates the flow of water within the pipe;

[0042] - the angled portions advantageously have a radius, taken at the surface level internal diameter of the pipe, equivalent to five times the diameter of the linear sections. Such a conformation facilitates flow at the bends;

[0043] - in the main segment of the pipeline, the linear portions and the portions The angled sections, joined together by a fastening device similar to a permanent fixing, form a monolithic piece. A "monolithic piece" is defined as a section where the linear and angled portions forming the main segment of the pipe cannot be separated without compromising all or part of their integrity. The linear and angled portions form a single, continuous piece, produced in one piece using the same manufacturing process. The invention, in its first aspect, thus advantageously allows for the production of a prefabricated main segment of the pipe, the manufacture of which is simplified since it eliminates the need to assemble the constituent linear and angled portions, as well as the need for fastening means between the constituent elements.Furthermore, a single-piece component can be machined into a variety of different dimensions to suit different heat exchanger designs. Such a single-piece component is also more rigid and lighter. In addition, such a single-piece component facilitates flow across its internal surface.

[0044] - in the driving, the fastening device of the removable type takes the shape of a ferrule clamp;

[0045] - the linear portions each extending along a longitudinal axis of extension, the Linear portions of the main segment of the conduit are arranged relative to one another so that their longitudinal axes of extension are divided into at least two distinct, substantially horizontal planes: an upper plane and a lower plane. It is understood that the linear portions of the main segment of the conduit are organized in "levels." The adjectives "upper" and "lower" are defined with respect to a vertical orientation, the upper plane being positioned above the inner plane. Such a configuration advantageously allows the flow within the conduit to circulate from one of the at least two planes to the other. By substantially horizontal, it is understood that the at least two planes extend along a generally elongated orientation, whether or not it is strictly parallel to a horizontal plane.Advantageously, in the implemented invention, the food product flow is intended to circulate in the pipe from the lower plane to the upper plane. Such an orientation of the food product flow makes it possible to limit the presence of any air bubbles in the pipe;

[0046] - in the upper plane, the longitudinal extension axis of the linear portions is inclined, relative to the horizontal plane, at a slope of 0.3 cm / m, plus or minus 10%. Such a slope promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles;

[0047] - in the lower plane, the longitudinal extension axis of the linear portions is inclined, relative to the horizontal plane, at a slope of 0.3 cm / m, plus or minus 10%. Such a slope promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles;

[0048] - the conduit comprises a first segment included between the main segment and the flow inlet orifice, the first segment comprising a first free end opening onto the food product flow inlet orifice, and a second end fixed securely to one of the angled portions of the main segment by a primary fastening means, the first end of the first segment being superior to the second end of the first segment. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. The adjectives "superior" and "inferior" are understood with respect to a vertical orientation, the first end being positioned above the second end;

[0049] - the conduit comprises a second segment opposite to the first segment, the The second segment being situated between the main segment and the flow outlet, the second segment comprising a first free end opening onto the food product flow outlet, and a second end fixed securely to one of the angled portions of the main segment by a second fastening means, the first end of the second segment being greater than the second end of the second segment. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. The adjectives "superior" and "inferior" are appreciated in relation to a vertical orientation, the first end being positioned above the second end;

[0050] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions of the same plane are arranged so that their axes of extension are substantially parallel to each other. Such a configuration optimizes the spatial distribution of the linear portions. Such a configuration optimizes, in the implemented invention, the distribution of the linear portions within the housing;

[0051] - preferably, the linear portions of the same plane are arranged in such a way ensuring that their axes of extension are distinct from each other. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles and optimizes the number of angled sections. Alternatively, some linear sections of the same plane are coaxial in pairs;

[0052] - advantageously, the linear portions are arranged with respect to the other such that their longitudinal axes of extension are distributed across at least six substantially horizontal planes: the upper plane, the lower plane, and at least four intermediate planes between the upper and lower planes. It is understood that, in the implemented invention, the flow circulates in the conduit successively from one plane to another. In another embodiment, the linear portions are arranged relative to one another such that their longitudinal axes of extension are distributed across at least ten substantially horizontal planes: the upper plane, the lower plane, and at least eight intermediate planes between the upper and lower planes.In another embodiment, the linear portions are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal axes of extension are distributed across at least twenty-five substantially horizontal planes: the upper plane, the lower plane, and at least twenty-three intermediate planes between the upper and lower planes. It is understood that the number of substantially horizontal planes is given as a guideline and depends on the desired heat exchange surface area. Generally, the number of substantially horizontal planes can be defined according to the degree of absorption capacity of the heat exchanger according to the expected invention.

[0053] - in at least six planes, the collateral planes are equidistant. Two planes are considered collateral when they are side-by-side. In other words, two planes are considered collateral when no other plane, taken from among the six planes, is between them. In another embodiment comprising at least ten substantially horizontal planes, the collateral planes are equidistant. In another embodiment comprising at least twenty- five planes approximately horizontal, in at least twenty-five planes, the collateral planes are equidistant;

[0054] - the linear portions of the main segment of the pipe are spaced two to two apart with a spacing equal to four times the diameter of one of the linear sections considered. The spacing is the shortest distance measured at the external surface of the linear sections considered. In such a configuration, an optimal amount of phase-change material is peripheral to the main segment of the pipe, promoting heat exchange. Advantageously, the axes of extension of the linear sections of the same plane chosen from among the at least six planes are equidistant. In another embodiment comprising at least ten substantially horizontal planes, the axes of extension of the linear sections of the same plane chosen from among the at least ten planes are equidistant. In another embodiment comprising at least twenty-five substantially horizontal planes, the axes of extension of the linear sections of the same plane chosen from among the at least twenty-five planes are equidistant;

[0055] - the conduit is configured so that the flow of food product circulates in the The conduit runs from the linear portions of the lower plane to the linear portions of the upper plane. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. In other words, relative to the conduit, the flow inlet orifice is located in a position proximal to the linear portions of the lower plane and in a position distal to the linear portions of the upper plane;

[0056] - taken two at a time, the linear portions of two substantially horizontal planes The distinct sections are arranged relative to one another so that their longitudinal axes of extension are distributed across at least two substantially vertical planes. Such a configuration improves the compactness of the conduit. In other words, the immediately adjacent linear portions of two collateral planes are arranged in a staggered pattern. By staggered pattern, we mean that, for a given cross-section of the conduit and considering five given linear portions, four linear portions are each located at one of the four corners of a rectangle, and the fifth linear portion, taken from among the five, is substantially central to said rectangle. In particular, the four linear portions are each located at one of the four corners of a square, and the fifth linear portion, taken from among the five, is substantially central to said square. Advantageously, all the linear portions of the conduit are arranged in a staggered pattern.Such an organization is particularly recognizable in cross-section of the pipe; .

[0057] - the conduit is made of a metallic material. Such a material allows promote the thermal conductivity of the pipe;

[0058] - The metallic material forming the conduit is stainless steel. Such a material improves the durability of the pipe. For example, the pipe is made of standard stainless steel. Advantageously, the metallic material forming the pipe is 316L stainless steel. Such a pipe has increased durability. Such a pipe has increased weldability;

[0059] - the metallic material forming the conduit is food-grade. In other words, The metallic material has a chemical composition that makes it compatible for food use. Such a metallic material is hygienically safe for contact, whether transient or prolonged, with a food product intended for consumption. Advantageously, the pipe is made of food-grade stainless steel;

[0060] - the internal surface of the pipe is a polished surface. It is understood that the surface The internal surface is smooth. In other words, the internal surface of the pipe is a surface that is generally free of roughness. Such an internal surface promotes a smooth flow of the fluid circulating in the pipe;

[0061] - the external surface of the pipe is a polished surface. It is understood that the surface The external surface is smooth. In other words, a surface that is generally free of any roughness. Such an external surface makes it possible to lighten the pipe and minimize the amount of material needed for its manufacture. Alternatively, or in addition, the external surface of the pipe includes fins. Such an external surface increases the exchange surface area between the phase-change material and the flow circulating in the pipe;

[0062] - in a first embodiment, at least one support structure of The conduit comprises a main body designed to support the conduit. This main body extends between a base of the support structure and an upper portion of the support structure. The base extends to a lower end of the main body and is relatively perpendicular to the main body, while the upper portion extends relatively perpendicularly to the base and to an upper end of the main body opposite the lower end of the main body. This configuration stabilizes the conduit's position within the housing. In particular, it stabilizes the conduit's position within the housing despite the conduit's weight, whether full or not. The term "upper" refers to a vertical orientation, with the upper portion positioned above the base and the upper end of the main body positioned above the lower end of the main body.The main body is designed to support the pipe. The main body extends between the base of the support structure and the upper part of the support structure. The base extends from one lower end of the main body and continues relatively perpendicularly to the main body. The upper part of the support structure extends relatively... tively perpendicular to the base. In a second alternative or complementary embodiment to the first embodiment, the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate intended to support the pipe. By plate, it is understood that the at least one pipe support structure is a generally flat piece extending in a principal plane. Such an at least one pipe support structure is compact and has simplified manufacturing;

[0063] - at least one conduit support structure is formed of a material Tallic. Such a material helps to improve the mechanical resistance of at least one structure;

[0064] - the metallic material forming at least one pipe support structure is stainless steel. Such a material improves the durability of at least one pipe support structure. Advantageously, the metallic material forming at least one pipe support structure is 304L stainless steel. Such a pipe has increased corrosion resistance;

[0065] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In a conduit, at least one conduit support structure forms a single unit. A "single unit" is defined as a structure where the main body, base, and upper portion cannot be separated without compromising their integrity. The main body, base, and upper portion form a single unit, referred to as a single unit, and correspond to a single continuous piece, manufactured in one piece using the same manufacturing process. The invention, in its first aspect, thus advantageously provides a prefabricated support structure, the manufacture of which is simplified since it eliminates the need to assemble the main body, base, and upper portion, as well as the need for fastening means between the constituent elements.Furthermore, a single-piece component can be machined into a variety of different dimensions to suit different heat exchanger designs. Such a single-piece component is also more rigid and mechanically more reliable.

[0066] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In a conduit, the main body comprises at least one pillar and a plurality of lateral branches, the at least one pillar being fixed rigidly to the upper part and the base, the lateral branches projecting from the at least one pillar, the lateral branches extending substantially perpendicularly to the body, each lateral branch comprising at least one fastening element for rigidly fixing the main body to the conduit. In the main body, the at least one pillar forms a structural element supporting the plurality of branches. In the body In the main configuration, the plurality of branches is intended to support the conduit. Advantageously, the plurality of branches is intended to support the main segment of the conduit. Such a configuration makes it possible to support the conduit and maintain its arrangement. In particular, in the implemented invention, such a configuration makes it possible to support the conduit and maintain its arrangement so as to preserve a given spacing between the linear portions of the conduit and relative to the tank;

[0067] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of For the pipe, the fastening element is of the removable type. For example, the fastening element takes the form of a hinged hexagonal collar. Advantageously, the hinged hexagonal collar has a diameter adapted to the pipe it is intended to secure. Thus, the fastening element holds the pipe securely;

[0068] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In a conduit, the main body comprises at least a number of branches equal to the number of horizontal planes in which the linear portions of the conduit extend. Such a configuration ensures that all linear portions of the conduit can be supported by the main body;

[0069] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In the conduit, the main body comprises a first pillar and a second pillar, the first pillar being fixed rigidly to one end of the upper part of the support structure and the second pillar being fixed rigidly to a second end of the upper part of the support structure opposite the first end of the upper part of the support structure. In the main body, the first and second pillars form structural elements supporting the plurality of branches. Such a configuration makes it possible to ensure the reliability of at least one conduit support structure;

[0070] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In the conduit, the upper part forms a crossbar. A crossbar increases the mechanical rigidity of the upper part;

[0071] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In a conduit, each branch of the plurality of branches has an L-shaped profile. Such a profile gives the branches a certain lightness and robustness to the mechanical stresses imposed by the conduit. The L-shaped profile includes at least one bearing face of the conduit;

[0072] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of The base has a rectangular profile. Such a profile ensures stability to the base. Advantageously, the base has a square profile;

[0073] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In the conduit, at least one pillar has a profile with a rectangular cross-section. Such a profile ensures increased mechanical resistance to at least one pillar;

[0074] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of The pipeline, at least one pipeline support structure, includes a lifting device fixed rigidly to the upper part of the support structure. The lifting device allows the pipeline support structure, whether or not associated with the pipeline, to be moved. It is understood that the tank and the at least one pipeline support structure can be separated from each other. For example, the tank and the at least one pipeline support structure can be separated for maintenance, cleaning, and / or relocation of the invention. Advantageously, the lifting device is permanently fixed to the upper part of the support structure, for example, by welding;

[0075] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of In the pipeline, the lifting device comprises a first lifting ring positioned directly above the first pillar and a second lifting ring positioned directly above the second pillar. Such a configuration makes it possible to stabilize the lifting of at least one pipeline support structure, whether or not associated with the pipeline;

[0076] - when at least one conduit support structure takes the form of a The plate includes holes for the pipe to pass through. It is understood that the plate is perforated to allow the passage of the pipe it supports. This configuration ensures that the plate supports the pipe;

[0077] - in a first embodiment, when at least one support structure The pipe support takes the form of a plate, with each linear section press-fitted through one of the plate's openings. This configuration ensures increased rigidity between the pipe and the plate. In a second alternative or complementary embodiment to the first, where at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate, each linear section is mounted through one of the plate's openings and securely fastened to the plate. For example, each linear section is mounted through one of the plate's openings and securely fastened to the plate by welding and / or bolting. This configuration ensures increased rigidity between the pipe and the plate and facilitates pipe assembly with the plate.

[0078] - when at least one conduit support structure takes the form of a plate, the plate extends in a manner substantially perpendicular to the linear portion of the pipe;

[0079] - when at least one conduit support structure takes the form of a plate, the plate thickness is between 30 mm and 50 mm. Such a thickness advantageously supports the fluid-filled pipe, in particular fluid to be cooled. The plate forming at least one pipe support structure comprises two walls, a first wall opposite a second wall. The thickness of the plate forming at least one pipe support structure is the shortest distance between the first and second walls of the plate. Preferably, the plate forming at least one pipe support structure has a minimum thickness of 33 mm;

[0080] - advantageously, when at least one driving support structure takes the In the form of a plate, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two pipe support structures: a first pipe support structure in the form of a plate, referred to as the first plate, and a second pipe support structure in the form of a plate, referred to as the second plate. This configuration improves the reliability of the pipe support in the heat exchanger according to the invention;

[0081] - when the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two structures of Pipe supports, each in the form of a plate, are arranged so that the first plate is fixed rigidly to one longitudinal end of the tank, and the second plate is fixed rigidly to a second longitudinal end of the tank, opposite the first longitudinal end. This configuration enhances the reliability of the pipe support by means of the two pipe support structures. Advantageously, the first and second plates are substantially parallel to each other. This configuration further improves the reliability and strengthens the support function of the pipe support structures.

[0082] - the first plate and the second plate participate, with the treatment tank Thermal insulation is used to define the housing intended to hold the refrigerant. It is understood that the first and second plates hermetically seal this housing. Therefore, the first and second plates are each hermetically sealed to the tank and the pipe. Specifically, the first and second plates are each hermetically sealed to the tank at the level of the tank's inner wall. For example, the first and second plates are each hermetically sealed to the tank in the manner of a manhole and / or by welding and / or the addition of a sealing gasket. In particular, the first and second plates are each hermetically sealed to the pipe at the openings in each plate.For example, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the pipe at the orifices of each plate by welding and / or de-junctioning and / or crimping and / or press fitting and / or addition of a sealing joint; .

[0083] - advantageously, when at least one driving support structure takes the Shaped like a plate, the pipe support structure supports the pipe along its linear sections. This configuration helps to improve the reliability of the support provided by the support structure. When the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two pipe support structures, each having the form of a plate, each linear portion has one of its opposite ends mounted through one of the orifices of the first plate on one side and the other of its opposite ends mounted through one of the orifices of the second plate on the other side;

[0084] - in a first embodiment, the housing has a cross-section pa parallelepiped-shaped. In particular, the dwelling has a rectangular cross-section. In a second preferred embodiment, an alternative to the first embodiment, the dwelling has a curved cross-section. Advantageously, the dwelling has a circular cross-section;

[0085] - the tank extends along a main longitudinal axis, the tank is parallel in shape The tank is pipe-shaped and comprises an upper face opposite a lower face. The lower and upper faces are connected by at least one lateral face, the upper face being fixed rigidly to the lateral face by a removable fastening means. The lower face is intended to support the base of at least one structure. In this configuration, the tank can be in a closed or open position at its upper face, depending on whether the upper face is fixed to the lateral face or not. This configuration allows the tank to be opened to accommodate at least one pipe support structure and the pipe. This configuration also allows the tank to be closed to protect the phase-change material and secure the tank.Alternatively, and preferably, the tank extends along a main longitudinal axis. The tank is cylindrical in shape and comprises a cylindrical shell extending along the main longitudinal axis and two opposing longitudinal ends forming the bases of the cylindrical shell, referred to as the first longitudinal end or first base and the second longitudinal end or second base. Advantageously, the cylindrical shell and the first longitudinal end of the tank, on the one hand, and the cylindrical shell and the second longitudinal end of the tank, on the other hand, are permanently fixed together. It is understood that, in this configuration of permanent fixing, each element of the tank can only be separated from the others by destruction and / or damage to a part of one or both of the elements.

[0086] - when the tank is parallelepiped in shape, at least one means of attachment removable is of the lever type closure. The lever closure is secure and easily operated;

[0087] - the tank is parallelepiped in shape, the upper face of the tank comprises at less an opening for the passage of the lifting device. Such a configuration allows for the simultaneous lifting of at least one pipe support structure housed within the tank when the upper face is in the closed position. Advantageously, the The upper face of the tank includes a first opening for the passage of the first lifting ring and a second opening for the passage of the second lifting ring;

[0088] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape and the cylindrical shell and the The first longitudinal end of the tank, on the one hand, and the cylindrical casing and the second longitudinal end of the tank, on the other hand, are permanently fixed together. The tank includes at least one opening to provide access to the housing. This opening allows the phase-change material to be added to or removed from the housing. For example, the tank includes a lower opening equipped with a closure mechanism located at the bottom of the tank. This lower opening facilitates draining the refrigerant from the housing. Alternatively, or in addition, the tank includes a higher opening located at the top of the tank. This upper opening is advantageous for regulating internal pressure within the housing. In particular, it is beneficial in the event of a change in the volume of refrigerant in the housing, as it acts as a vent.Such an opening can also be used to fill the housing with phase-change material; .

[0089] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a maximum longitudinal dimension, The length of the tank, measured along its main longitudinal axis, is between 2.5 m and 4.5 m. Advantageously, when the tank is cylindrical, the maximum longitudinal dimension, measured along its main longitudinal axis, is between 3 m and 4 m. Such a dimension is advantageous for industrial-scale heat treatment. More generally, it is understood that the dimensions of such a tank are adapted according to the specific needs of the industrial companies wishing to implement it.

[0090] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a diameter of the tank, taken perpendicular The diameter of the tank, measured perpendicular to its main longitudinal axis and taken at the level of the cylindrical shell, is between 100 cm and 200 cm. Advantageously, when the tank is cylindrical, the diameter of the tank, measured perpendicular to its main longitudinal axis and taken at the level of the cylindrical shell, is between 130 cm and 150 cm. Such a dimension is advantageous for industrial-scale heat treatment. More generally, it is understood that the dimensions of such a tank are adapted according to the specific needs of the industrial companies wishing to implement it.

[0091] - the tank is made of a metallic material. Such a material helps to promote the mechanical resistance of the tank;

[0092] - The metallic material forming the tank is stainless steel. Such a material improves the tank's durability. For example, the pipe is made of stainless steel. standardized. Advantageously, the metallic material forming the tank is 316L stainless steel. Such a tank has increased durability;

[0093] - the tank includes an insulating lining intended to thermally insulate the housing from an environment external to the tank. The insulating coating helps to limit heat exchange between the phase change material and an environment external to the tank;

[0094] - the insulating coating comprises an envelope delimiting a watertight compartment includes vacuum insulation. Such a coating promotes the thermal insulation of the tank;

[0095] - the casing is made of a material of the nylon polyurethane type;

[0096] - the tank comprises an internal surface opposite an external surface, the surface The internal lining being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant in the housing, the insulating lining is mounted peripherally to the tank on the side of the external surface of the tank. In particular, when the tank is rectangular in shape, the insulating lining is mounted peripherally to the tank on the bottom face, the top face, and at least one side face of the tank. In particular, when the tank is cylindrical in shape, the insulating lining is mounted peripherally to the tank on the cylindrical shell of the tank. Such a configuration improves the thermal insulation provided by the insulating lining to the tank;

[0097] - The tank includes adjustable feet. This configuration allows for modification an inclination of the lower face. This configuration can be advantageous on uneven or sloping terrain. This configuration allows adjustment of the positioning of at least one pipe structure housed within the tank. This configuration allows adjustment of the pipe's inclination within the tank. When the tank is rectangular, the lower face of the tank includes the adjustable feet; when the tank is cylindrical, the lower part of the tank includes the adjustable feet.

[0098] - the heat exchanger includes a reservoir in fluidic communication with the The pipeline, the reservoir being designed to house and stabilize the food product intended to flow through the pipeline. The reservoir ensures a non-turbulent flow of food product. The reservoir ensures a flow of food product free of air bubbles. For example, the reservoir is a belon-type volume. A belon, for example, allows the must obtained after pressing to be received and fractionated prior to its circulation in the main segment of the pipeline;

[0099] - the reservoir is fluidly connected with the flow inlet port of The heat exchanger conforms to the first aspect of the invention. Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a non-turbulent laminar flow intended to circulate in the pipe. Such a configuration prevents incomplete filling of the main segment of the pipe. Advantageously, the reservoir is fluidically connected with the orifice flow inlet and flow outlet. This configuration allows for the formation of a heat exchange circuit. This configuration allows the flow to circulate more than once through the main segment of the pipe. The heat exchange in the main segment can thus be gradual and repeated. It is therefore possible to consider cooling the food product flow in several passes, simultaneously allowing the food product to stabilize at a given temperature;

[0100] - the heat exchanger includes a circulation means intended to put The circulating means circulates the flow within the pipe. This facilitates heat exchange between the flow and the phase-change material. For example, the circulating means is designed to circulate the food product within the pipe. When the circulating means circulates the food product within the pipe, which is immersed, at least partially, in the phase-change material, it promotes heat exchange between the food product and the phase-change material. Another example is the circulating means designed to circulate the water supply within the pipe. In this way, the food product releases its heat to the phase-change material.When the circulation means circulates the concession water in the pipe immersed, at least partially, in the phase change material, the circulation means promotes heat exchange between the concession water flow and the phase change material. Thus, the phase change material discharges its heat into the concession water;

[0101] - the means of putting into circulation is configured to advantageously generate a constant flow rate of food product in the pipe. Alternatively or in addition, the circulation means is configured to generate a variable flow rate of food product;

[0102] - the means of putting into circulation is characterized by a variable flow rate between 10 to 50 liters per minute. Advantageously, the circulation means is characterized by a variable flow rate of 30 liters per minute;

[0103] - the means for putting into circulation is located upstream of the flow inlet orifice. The upstream is considered relative to the direction of flow in the pipe;

[0104] - the means of putting into circulation is a volumetric pump with variable pressure;

[0105] - advantageously, the phase-change material is of the solid-liquid type. A such a phase-change material has an increased thermal storage capacity;

[0106] - the phase-change material comprises at least one organic compound. Thus, according to a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list, the organic compound includes for example: water, decane, n-hexadacane, glycerol, formic acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, ...;

[0107] - the phase-change material comprises at least one bio-based compound of natural origin. Such a component advantageously reduces the ecological impact of the invention;

[0108] - advantageously, the phase-change material comprises glycerol. The Glycerol is advantageous for use in the food industry. Glycerol is advantageously a bio-based compound of natural origin. Alternatively, the phase-change material comprises N-hexadecane;

[0109] - the phase-change material has a melting temperature between zero degrees Celsius and thirty degrees Celsius, plus or minus 10%. Such a melting temperature advantageously allows for approaching an objective temperature of the fluid to be cooled. The melting temperature can be chosen according to the desired cooling requirements of the food product flow. Generally, the melting temperature can be chosen according to the absorption capacity of the heat exchanger according to the expected invention;

[0110] - the phase-change material is non-circulating. A phase-change material The non-circulating phase ensures the energy efficiency of the invention while allowing efficient heat exchange with the flow circulating in the main segment of the pipe.

[0111] According to a second aspect of the invention, a heat treatment device for food products is proposed, the heat treatment device being configured to heat treat a stream of food products, the device comprising: (i) the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention or according to any of its improvements, (ii) a food product storage compartment intended to store the food product heat treated by the heat exchanger.

[0112] It is understood that the food product storage compartment is downstream of the heat exchanger. Downstream is considered relative to the direction of flow in the pipe.

[0113] The invention in accordance with its second aspect thus makes it possible, in an energy-efficient manner, to store the food product and to maintain the temperature which said food product has reached following the thermal treatment carried out at the level of the heat exchanger.

[0114] The heat treatment device according to the second aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0115] - the heat treatment device includes a fruit press device including a pressing area designed to extract fruit must, the device The press is located upstream of the heat exchanger, and the press device is designed to be in fluidic communication with the flow inlet of the heat exchanger pipe. The press device allows the extraction of the fruit must that feeds the heat exchanger;

[0116] - the reservoir is located between the press device and the heat exchanger. Thus, the reservoir allows the must obtained after pressing to be received and divided prior to its circulation in the main segment of the pipeline;

[0117] - the food product storage compartment is combined with the tank. This configuration saves space and materials. For example, the storage compartment is formed from the belon.

[0118] According to a third aspect of the invention, a heat treatment process for a food product is proposed, the process comprising a heat treatment step by the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention or according to any of its improvements.

[0119] The heat treatment process according to the third aspect of the invention includes the heat treatment step by the heat exchanger, in other words an energetically passive step.

[0120] In the heat treatment process according to the third aspect of the invention, all the elements of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention cooperate during the heat treatment step. It is thus understood that, during the heat treatment step, at least one pipe support structure supports the main segment of the pipe. During the heat treatment step, at least one pipe support structure is securely fixed to said main segment by the fastening elements. During the heat treatment step, the main segment of the pipe is immersed, at least partially, in the phase-change material. During the heat treatment step, the food product flows through the pipe of the heat exchanger.During the heat treatment stage, the tank housing accommodates the phase change material, at least one support structure, and the main segment of the pipe supported by at least one support structure.

[0121] Thus, a heat treatment process according to the third aspect of the invention makes it possible to heat a food product stream circulating in the heat exchanger conduit, via a passive process thanks to the phase-change material in which the conduit is, at least partially, immersed. This heat transfer is dependent on the temperature gradient existing between the food product stream and the phase-change material.

[0122] The invention, in accordance with its first aspect, thus enables energy-efficient cooling, based on an enthalpy of fusion characteristic of the material phase change, similar to enthalpy or passive cooling as opposed to cooling by active thermodynamic type equipment.

[0123] Such a heat treatment process, using a heat exchanger during a heat treatment step, makes it possible, when the food product being treated is fruit must, to inhibit alcoholic fermentation of the must. In the case of grape must, the heat treatment process cools it in order to limit, ideally eliminate, fermentation and control the quality of the juice obtained. Such a process makes it possible to comply with specific manufacturing steps for producing wines, and in particular Champagne wines, while guaranteeing low electrical energy consumption compared to conventional processes.

[0124] Advantageously, the process according to the third aspect of the invention comprises: (i) a fruit pressing step, (ii) a heat treatment step following the pressing step, (iii) a must storage step, the storage step being following the heat treatment step.

[0125] The fruit pressing stage transforms fruit into must. Must includes, for example, fruit juice and freshly crushed fruit in a so-called "raw" state. Thus, depending on the fruit pressed, the must may include, in addition to juice, fruit skins and / or seeds and / or fruit stems. This is the case, for example, for grape must, which includes grape juice and grape skins and / or grape seeds and / or grape stems.

[0126] The must storage step allows the heat-treated must to be stored during the heat treatment step. The must storage step maintains the must at an optimal temperature, reached during the heat treatment step, in order to prevent uncontrolled and premature fermentation of the must obtained during the pressing step.

[0127] Various embodiments of the invention are provided, incorporating, according to all their possible combinations, the different optional features set out here.

[0128] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several exemplary embodiments given by way of illustration and not limitation with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0129] [Fig-1] illustrates a schematic view of a heat treatment device for food product, the heat treatment device being in accordance with the first aspect of the invention;

[0130] [Fig.2] illustrates a schematic view of a heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention in a first embodiment;

[0131] [Fig.3] illustrates a detailed side-section view of the heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.2];

[0132] [Fig.4] illustrates another detailed longitudinal sectional view of the heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.2];

[0133] [Fig.5] illustrates a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention in a second embodiment distinct from the first embodiment shown in [Fig.2];

[0134] [Fig.6] illustrates a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0135] [Fig.7] illustrates a detailed view of the heat exchanger conforming to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0136] [Fig.8] illustrates an implementation of the heat exchanger in accordance with the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0137] [Fig.9] illustrates a heat exchange method in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.

[0138] Of course, the features, variants, and different embodiments of the invention can be combined in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, variants of the invention may be conceived comprising only a selection of features, described hereafter in isolation from the other described features, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art.

[0139] In particular, all the variants and embodiments described are combinable with each other if there is no technical obstacle to this combination.

[0140] In the figures, the elements common to several figures retain the same reference.

[0141] Figure 1 shows a heat treatment device 1 for a food product according to the second aspect of the invention. In this case, the heat treatment device 1 is intended to heat treat a food product such as fruit must.

[0142] Figure 1 shows that the heat treatment device 1 comprises a heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of the invention and a storage compartment 3 for storing the food product heat-treated by the heat exchanger 2. The heat treatment device 1 further comprises a fruit press device 4 including a pressing zone 5 for extracting the must. In this case, it is understood that the food product is, in particular, grape must. The press device 4 is intended to supply must to the heat exchanger 2. The grape must supplying the heat exchanger 2 is represented by solid arrows 100 in [Fig.1] and in [Fig.8].

[0143] Figure 1 shows that, in the heat treatment device 1 according to the second aspect of the invention, the press device 4 is upstream of the heat exchanger 2 relative to a must circulation. The direction of must circulation is given by the orientation of the solid arrow 100. The press device 4 is in fluidic communication with the heat exchanger 2 via a reservoir 300. It is understood that the reservoir 300 is located between the press device 4 and the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the reservoir 300 is formed of a belon.

[0144] [Fig. 1] shows that, in this case in the heat treatment device 1, the must storage compartment 3 is combined with the tank 300. It is understood that the heat treatment device 1 according to the second aspect of the invention thus forms a circuit at the level of the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention and the tank 300, the must circulating from the must storage compartment 3 to the tank 300, corresponding to said compartment 3, via the heat treatment device 1 according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0145] Figure 1 shows that the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention comprises a flow inlet 6 and a flow outlet 7. The flow inlet 6 is in fluidic communication with a lower channel 8 of the tank 300, intended to supply the heat exchanger 2 with wort. The flow outlet 7 is in fluidic communication with an upper channel 9 of the tank 300, intended to supply the heat exchanger 2 with wort. In a version of the invention shown in Figure 1, the flow outlet 7 is located above the flow inlet 6.

[0146] Fig. 1 shows that the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention includes a means for circulating the must upstream of the inlet orifice 6 of the flow.

[0147] Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of the invention in versions distinct from the version illustrated in [Fig.1].

[0148] In [Fig. 2], [Fig. 3], [Fig. 4], [Fig. 5], [Fig. 6], [Fig. 7], and [Fig. 8], the orientations and directions are defined as follows. The longitudinal direction, corresponding to a front-to-back direction, is represented by an OX axis. The lateral direction is represented by an OY axis. The vertical direction, which refers to an elevation, is represented by an OZ axis. These different axes define an orthonormal coordinate system OXYZ, represented in [Fig. 2], [Fig. 3], [Fig. 4], [Fig. 5], [Fig. 6], [Fig. 7], and [Fig. 8]. In this orthonormal coordinate system, the "front" orientation is defined by the positive direction of the OX axis, and the "back" orientation is defined by the negative direction. of this same axis. The "top" or "upper" orientation will be defined by the positive direction of the OZ axis, the "bottom" or "lower" orientation being defined by the negative direction of this same axis. In [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 5], heat exchanger 2 is shown in an isometric view. In [Fig. 3], heat exchanger 2 is shown in a side section view along AA as shown in [Fig. 3]. In [Fig. 4], heat exchanger 2 is shown in a longitudinal section view along BB as shown in [Fig. 2]. In [Fig. 6] and [Fig. 8], heat exchanger 2 is shown in a cross section view along CC as shown in [Fig. 5].

[0149] In [Fig. 2], [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention is shown in a first embodiment. In [Fig. 5], [Fig. 6], [Fig. 7] and [Fig. 8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention is shown in a second embodiment distinct from the first embodiment.

[0150] In [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6] and [Fig.8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises a conduit 11, at least one conduit support structure 12, 13, 14, a refrigerant 15 of the type of a phase-change material 16 and a tank 17 extending along a main longitudinal axis 18.

[0151] In the first embodiment shown in [Fig.2], [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises a single pipe support structure 12 11. In the second embodiment shown in [Fig.5], [Fig.6] and [Fig.8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises two pipe support structures 13, 14 11, a first pipe support structure 13 11 and a second pipe support structure 14 11. The second pipe support structure 14 11 is illustrated in detail in [Fig.7].

[0152] Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the conduit 11 comprises a main segment 19 extending between the inlet orifice 6 of the flow and the outlet orifice 7 of the flow.

[0153] In the first embodiment shown in [Fig.2], the tank 17 takes a parallelepiped shape. The tank 17 comprises a lower face 20 opposite an upper face 21 and lateral faces 22, 23, 24, 25 connecting the lower face 20 to the upper face 21. Figures 2, 3, and 4 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the heat treatment tank 17 delimits a housing 26. In particular, in the first embodiment, the housing 26 is delimited by all the faces 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the tank 17. Thus, the housing 26 of the tank 17 accommodates the refrigerant 15, the support structure 12, and the entire main segment 19 of the pipe 11 carried by the support structure 12.

[0154] In the second embodiment shown in [Fig.5], in [Fig.6] and in [Fig.8], The tank 17 takes a cylindrical shape. Figure 6 shows that the tank 17 comprises a cylindrical shell 27 extending along the main longitudinal axis 18 of the tank 17, and two longitudinal ends 28, 29 opposed to each other. The tank 17 further comprises an upper part 30 opposed to a lower part 31.

[0155] The second embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 6] shows that the two longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17 form bases 32, 33 of the cylindrical shell 27. A first longitudinal end 28 of the tank 17 forms a first base 32 and a second longitudinal end 29 forms a second base 33. The first base 32 and the second base 33 close the cylindrical shell 27 at the longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17. The first base 32 of the tank 17 and the second base 33 of the tank 17 each take the form of a plate. One of the bases, in this case the second base 33, is illustrated in detail in [Fig. 7]. The second base 33 is pierced by the flow inlet orifice 6 and the flow outlet orifice 7, unlike the first base 32.

[0156] The second embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 5] shows that the cylindrical shell 27 comprises a first opening 34, located in a position proximal to the second base 33, and a second opening 35 located in a position proximal to the second base 33. The first opening 34 and the second opening 35 are provided at the upper part 30 of the cylindrical shell 27 of the tank 17. Such openings 34, 35 allow, for example, the insertion or removal of the refrigerant 15 from the housing 26. Such openings 34, 35 allow, for example, pressure variations within the housing 26.

[0157] Figures 3, 4, and 6 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 is immersed in the refrigerant 15. In the first embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, a surface area 36 of the refrigerant 15 lies between the main segment 19 and the flow outlet 7. In the second embodiment shown in Figure 6, the surface area 36 of the refrigerant 15 lies between the main segment 19 and the upper part 30 of the cylindrical shell 27 of the tank 17.

[0158] An inset 401 of [Fig. 4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the conduit 11, taken at the level of the main segment 19, comprises an internal surface 37 opposite an external surface 38. The internal surface 37 is in contact with the wort flow, as shown in [Fig. 8]. The external surface 38 is in contact with the refrigerant 15, as shown in [Fig. 8]. Generally, such a configuration can be found in both the first embodiment of the invention and the second embodiment of the invention.

[0159] Fig. 2 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of In the invention, the conduit 11 comprises linear portions 39 and angled portions 40 fixed together by a fastening device 42. In the embodiment shown in [Fig. 2], the linear portions 39 and the angled portions 40 are in the form of tubes. Each linear portion 39 has its opposite ends 43 each fixed to an angled portion 40.

[0160] Figures 3, 4 and 6 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 are spaced apart from each other so as to be distributed in a relatively homogeneous way in the housing 26.

[0161] In particular, [Fig. 3] shows that at the pipe 11, two immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 44, 45 of the pipe 11 are arranged vertically to each other. Contrary to what is illustrated in [Fig. 3], in [Fig. 7], two immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the pipe 11 are offset from each other, relative to the vertical.

[0162] Figures 4 and 6 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the linear portions 39 extend along a longitudinal extension axis 48 substantially parallel to the main longitudinal axis 18 of the tank 17. In the first embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes 48 are distributed into six distinct horizontal planes: an upper plane 49, a lower plane 50, and four intermediate planes 51. In the second embodiment illustrated in Figure 7, the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes 48 are distributed into eleven horizontal planes. distinct, an upper plane 49, a lower plane 50 and nine intermediate planes 51.It is understood that these examples are not exhaustive.

[0163] Figures 3, 4 and 6 show that, in the heat exchanger 2 In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the pipe support structure 12, 13, 14 supports the main segment 19 of the pipe 11. The pipe support structure 12, 13, 14 also allows the relative arrangement of the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11 to be maintained.

[0164] The structure 12 of the pipe support 11, in the first version of the invention shown in [Fig.2] and in [Fig.4], is fixed securely to said main segment 19 by fastening elements 52. In this case, the fastening elements 52 are articulated hexagonal collars.

[0165] Figure 4 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of the invention, the structure 12 of pipe support 11 comprises a main body 53 supporting the pipe 11.

[0166] Figure 4 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of In the invention, the main body 53 of the support structure 12 extends between a base 54 of the support structure 12 and an upper part 55 of the support structure 12.

[0167] Figure 4 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of In the invention, the main body 53 of the support structure 12 comprises a first pillar 56 and a second pillar 57. The first pillar 56 is fixed rigidly to a first end 58 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. The second pillar 57 is fixed rigidly to a second end 59 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12 opposite the first end 58 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. In the main body 53, the first pillar 56 and the second pillar 57 form structural elements carrying a plurality of branches 59, 60, extending laterally. The branches 59 are also illustrated in [Fig. 3].

[0168] It can be seen from [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4] that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of the invention, the main body 53 comprises four branches 59, 60 in horizontal planes. In a given horizontal plane passing through two branches 59, said two branches 59 extend on either side of the first pillar 56, perpendicular to the main body 53. The same is true for two branches 60 in the same horizontal plane which extend on either side of the second pillar 57, perpendicular to the main body 53.

[0169] Fig. 4 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the base 54 of the support structure 12 extends to the lower end of the main body 53 and is extended perpendicularly to the main body 53.

[0170] Figure 4 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the upper part 55 of the support structure 12 extends perpendicularly to the base 54 of the structure 12 and forms a cross member. The upper part 55 of the support structure 12 extends to the upper end of the main body 53.

[0171] Figure 4 shows that the pipe support structure 12 comprises a lifting member 63 fixed rigidly to the cross member forming the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. The lifting member 63 of the support structure 12 comprises a first lifting ring 64 disposed relative to the vertical axis of the first pillar 56 and a second lifting ring 65 disposed relative to the vertical axis of the second pillar 57. Note that Figure 5 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention in its second embodiment, the upper part of the cylindrical envelope 27 includes lifting hoops 66, 67 of the tank 17, separate from the lifting member 63 of the support structure 12 shown in [Fig.4].

[0172] Figure 6 shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 conforming to the first aspect of In the invention, each pipe support structure 13, 14 takes the form of a plate 68, 69 intended to support the pipe 11. The pipe support structure 13, 14 is a generally flat piece extending in a principal plane with vertical and lateral extension specific to it. In this case, the invention comprises two pipe support structures 13, 14, with a first plate 68 and a second plate 69. The first plate 68 is fixed securely and hermetically to the tank 17 at the first base 32 of the tank 17. The second plate 69 is fixed securely to the second longitudinal end 29 of the tank 17, opposite the first base 32 of the tank 17. The first plate 68 and the second plate 69 are substantially parallel to each other.

[0173] Figure 6 shows that the linear portions 39 of the conduit 11 are housed in the housing 26 and the angled portions 41 of the pipe 11 are provided in the bases forming the two longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17.

[0174] Figures 6 and 7 show that the second plate is 69, and it is understood that it is The same applies to the first plate 68, which supports the pipe 11 at its linear sections 39. Figure 7 shows that the second plate 69 has openings 390 through which the linear sections 39 of the pipe 11 pass. The second pipe support structure 14, in the second version of the invention shown in Figure 7, is fixed rigidly to the pipe 11 by fastening elements 52 that form a welded and unwelded joint. This configuration allows for fluid isolation of the housing 26. The second plate 69 extends substantially perpendicularly to the linear sections 39 of the pipe 11.

[0175] Figures 6 and 7 show that the angled portions 41 of the pipe 11 are formed in the base. The angled portions 41 are mostly of transverse extension as shown in [Fig.7].

[0176] Figure 7 shows that the second plate 69 includes the orifices 390 through which the linear portions 39 of the conduit 11 pass. In particular, Figure 7 shows that, at the level of the conduit 11, immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the conduit 11 are arranged in a staggered pattern. The transversely extending angled portions 41 are similarly arranged in a staggered pattern. An inset 701 of Figure 7 shows in detail the arrangement of three adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the conduit 11. In this case, the centers 75 of each of these three adjacent linear portions 39, taken at a longitudinal extension axis 48 specific to each linear portion 39, are equidistant.

[0177] Figure 6 shows that the housing 26 is delimited by the first plate 68, the second plate 69, and the cylindrical shell 27 of the tank 17. In this configuration, it is understood that the main segment 19 is partially immersed in the refrigerant 15. In particular, only the linear portions 39, located between the plates, are intended to be immersed in the refrigerant 15. In the second embodiment, the angled portions 41 are not immersed in the refrigerant 15, unlike the angled portions 40 of the first embodiment. In this case, the angled portions 41 are included in the first base 32 and the second base 33.

[0178] Fig. 7 shows that the second plate 69 and the second base 33 comprise a The fastening system 76 of the second plate 69 to the tank 17 comprises perforations 77 arranged around the periphery of the second plate 69 and distributed evenly. The fastening system 76 of the second plate 69 to the tank 17 is, in this case, of the manhole type. The fastening system 76 also allows the second plate 69 and the second base 33 to be securely fastened together, so that the angled portions 41 in the second base 33 coincide with the openings 390 through which the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11 pass.

[0179] The second embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 5] further shows that the tank 17 is supported by a support frame 70. The support frame 70 comprises a cradle 71 in the form of an arc, the cradle 71 supporting the tank 17 and conforming to the lower part of the tank 17, a frame 72 intended to be placed on a floor, reinforcing cross members 73 of the frame 72 extending across said frame 72, and support legs 74 extending vertically and connecting the cradle 71 to the frame 72 to which they are rigidly attached. The support frame 70 is configured to stabilize the tank 17. It is understood that the tank 17 can be moved by its lifting hoops 66, 67 to be placed on or removed from the cradle 71 of the support frame 70.

[0180] Figure 8 shows an implementation of the invention. In particular, Figure 8 illustrates the circulation of the wort flow within the conduit 11 of the invention in its second embodiment. The wort circulating within the conduit 11 is represented by the solid arrows 100. The wort, entering the conduit 11 via the flow inlet 6, is shown circulating in three linear sections 39, each immersed in the refrigerant 15 contained in the housing 26. For each linear section 39, one of the opposite ends 43 passes through the second plate 69, the linear sections 39 being connected to each other by one of the angled sections 41 formed in the second base 33, only one of the angled sections 41 being shown in Figure 8. A seal 78, located between the second base 33 and the second plate 69, ensures a watertight connection between the second base 33 and the second plate 69.

[0181] Figure 9 illustrates a process 80 for heat-treating a food product. The process 80 comprises a heat-treating step 81 using the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0182] Figure 9 shows that the process 80 according to the third aspect of the invention comprises a pressing step 82 of fruit to obtain must, followed by a stabilization step 83 of the must in the tank 300, a circulation step 84 of the must in the heat exchanger 2 concomitant with the heat treatment step 81 of the must in the heat exchanger 2, followed by a storage step 85 of the heat-treated must.

[0183] Fig. 9 shows that the heat treatment step 81 of the must can include a first pass 86 of the must in the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 and a second pass 87 of the same must in the main segment 19 of the pipe 11, a pass 88 of the must in the tank 300 being intermediate to the first pass 86 and the second pass 87.

[0184] Figure 9 shows that the process 80 according to the third aspect of the invention further comprises a heat discharge step 88 of the refrigerant fluid 15. During the heat discharge step 88, a flow of concessionary water, circulating in the line 11 previously emptied of the must, makes it possible to modify the physical state of the refrigerant fluid 15 so as to be able to initiate a new heat treatment step 81 of a new must from a new pressing step 82.

[0185] In summary, the invention relates to a heat exchanger 2 configured for passively thermally treating a food product. The heat exchanger 2 comprises a conduit 11, at least one conduit support structure 12, 13, 14, a refrigerant 15 of the type of a phase-change material 16, a heat treatment tank 17 defining a housing 26, the housing 26 being intended to house the refrigerant 15, the support structure 12, 13, 14, and the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 carried by the support structure 12, 13, 14, the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 being intended to be immersed, at least partially, in the refrigerant 15. The conduit 11 is intended for the passage of a flow of the food product. The main segment 19 extends between a flow inlet 6 and a flow outlet 7.At least one structure 12, 13, 14 for supporting conduit 11 is configured to support the main segment 19 of the conduit 11 and is configured to be fixed securely to said main segment 19 by fastening elements 52.

[0186] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the different characteristics, forms, variants, and modes of The embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described above are combinable.

Claims

Claims

1. A heat exchanger (2) configured to passively heat treat a food product, the heat exchanger (2) comprising: a. a pipe (11) intended for the passage of a flow, in particular a flow of the food product, the pipe (11) comprising a main segment (19) extending between a flow inlet orifice (6) and a flow outlet orifice (7); b. at least one pipe support structure (12, 13, 14) (11) configured to support the main segment (19) of the conduit (11) and configured to be securely fixed to said main segment (19) by fixing elements (52); c. a refrigerant fluid (15) of the phase change material type (16), the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being intended to be, at least in part, immersed in the refrigerant fluid (15); d. a heat treatment tank (17) delimiting a housing (26), the housing (26) being intended to house the refrigerant fluid (15), the at least one support structure (12, 13, 14) and the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) carried by the at least one support structure (12, 13, 14).

2. Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 1, wherein the pipe (11), taken at the main segment (19) of the pipe (11), comprises an internal surface (37) opposite an external surface (38), the internal surface (37) being intended to be in contact with the flow of food product, and the external surface (38) being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant fluid (15), the external surface (38) delimiting a heat exchange surface of between 1.5 square meters and 0.5 square meters for a quantity of refrigerant fluid (15) of between 150 and 50

3. Kë* Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the conduit (11) comprises linear portions (39) and bent portions (40, 41) fixed integrally to each other by a fixing device (42), each linear portion (39) having its opposite ends (43) each fixed to a bent portion (40, 41), the linear portions (39) of the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being distant from each other so as to be distributed relatively homogeneously in the housing (26).

4. Heat exchanger (2) according to the preceding claim, in which the linear portions (39) each extend along a longitudinal extension axis (48), the linear portions (39) of the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes (48) are distributed in at least two distinct planes, an upper plane (49) and a lower plane (50).

5. Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one structure (13, 14) for supporting the pipe (11) takes the form of a plate intended to support the pipe (11).

6. Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a reservoir (300) in fluid communication with the conduit (11), the reservoir (300) being intended to house and stabilize the food product intended to circulate in flow in the conduit (11).

7. A heat exchanger (2) according to any preceding claim, comprising circulation means (10) for circulating the flow in the conduit (11).

8. A heat exchanger (2) according to any preceding claim, wherein the phase change material (16) comprises glycerol.

9. A heat treatment device (1) for a food product, the heat treatment device (1) being configured to heat treat a flow of food product, the device comprising: a. the heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims; b. a food product storage compartment (3) intended to store the food product heat treated by the heat exchanger (2).

10. A method (80) of heat treatment of a food product, the method (80) comprising a step of heat treatment (81) by the heat exchanger (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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