Heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (2) configured for passively thermally treating a food product. The heat exchanger (2) comprises a pipe (11), at least one pipe support structure (12), a refrigerant (15) of the phase-change material type, a heat treatment tank (17) defining a housing (26) for the refrigerant (15), the structure (12), and the main segment (19) supported by at least one structure, the main segment (19) being intended to be immersed in the refrigerant (15). The pipe (11) is intended for the passage of a flow of the food product. The main segment (19) extends between a flow inlet port (6) and a flow outlet port (7). The structure (12) is configured to support the main segment (19) by means of fastening elements (52). Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 2

Description

Title of the invention: Heat exchanger

[0001] The technical context of the present invention is that of devices for preserving foodstuffs in fluid form, and more particularly low energy consumption preservation devices. More particularly, the invention relates to a heat exchanger.

[0002] It is known that foodstuffs can be sensitive to heat. In particular, fresh products such as products of plant origin such as fresh fruits and their juices, fresh vegetables and their juices, or even products of animal origin (dairy products, processed or unprocessed meats, etc.), or even blends (chocolate, and various food compositions), if they are subjected to inappropriate temperatures, can deteriorate chemically. In particular, these foodstuffs can deteriorate through the effect of chemical reactions (non-enzymatic browning, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, oxidation of vitamins, etc.) and / or enzymatic reactions, exacerbated by heat. Thus, each foodstuff is characterized by optimal storage temperature criteria that it is advisable to respect in order to preserve the quantitative, qualitative, and taste nutritional benefits and to avoid any health risks.

[0003] Several preservation methods can be used in the food industry. We know of physical preservation methods, particularly thermal preservation (pasteurization, sterilization, freezing, refrigeration), and chemical preservation methods (antifungal and antibacterial additives, smoking, preservation under modified atmosphere).

[0004] In the very specific context of pressing fruit to obtain juice or must, it is known that an inappropriate ambient temperature, and in particular a high one, is particularly detrimental. Indeed, it can induce uncontrolled and premature fermentation of the juice or must obtained by pressing. In particular, in the case of wine production, controlling the temperature of the must plays an essential role in the production, conservation and organoleptic qualities of the wine. Even more particularly for appellation wines such as Champagne wine, controlling the quality of the grape juice is essential to comply with the standards imposed by the label, a guarantee of compliance with specific manufacturing stages.

[0005] To avoid fermentation of the must in the context of ambient temperatures favoring it, night harvests can be carried out, in order to carry out pressing during the cooler hours of the night. This process has obvious disadvantages for the workforce and makes the harvest more tedious and uncomfortable. In addition, this process is difficult to apply in the context of warming climate increasing heat waves and therefore hot nights not conducive to this practice.

[0006] It is also known to use refrigerated storage tanks consisting of heat transfer fluid exchangers for refrigerating the must. These solutions, although effective, require the storage tanks to be equipped, which is detrimental from the point of view of the financial and energy costs that they require. In addition, these solutions contribute to worsening greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and moving away from an objective of energy sobriety.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to propose a new heat exchanger in order to respond at least to a large extent to the preceding problems and to further lead to other advantages.

[0008] Another aim of the invention is to propose an energy-efficient heat exchanger.

[0009] Another aim of the invention is to propose a simple heat exchanger, both from the point of view of its implementation and from the point of view of its manufacture.

[0010] Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is universal and configured to adapt to different types of foodstuffs preserved in fluid form.

[0011] Another object of the invention is to propose a heat exchanger which is universal and configured to adapt to different pressing practices, whether artisanal or industrial.

[0012] Another object of the invention is to propose a heat exchanger which is reusable for a large number of working cycles.

[0013] Another aim of the invention is to propose a mobile heat exchanger, which can be successively associated with separate food storage tanks.

[0014] Another aim of the invention is to propose a heat exchanger compatible with the production of appellation wines, and in particular with the production of Champagne wines.

[0015] According to a first aspect of the invention, at least one of the aforementioned objectives is achieved with a heat exchanger configured to passively heat treat a food product, the heat exchanger comprising: (i) a pipe intended for the passage of a flow, in particular a flow of the food product, the pipe comprising a main segment extending between a flow inlet orifice and a flow outlet orifice; (ii) at least one pipe support structure configured to support the main segment of the pipe and configured to be fixedly fixed to said main segment by fixing elements; (iii) a refrigerant of the phase change material type, the main segment of the pipe being intended to be, at least in part, immersed in the refrigerant; (iv) a heat treatment tank defining a housing, the housing being intended to house the refrigerant fluid, the at least one support structure and the main segment of the pipe carried by the at least one support structure.

[0016] It is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention is configured to passively thermally treat a food product. By "passively", it is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention allows passive regulation of the temperature of the flow of food product circulating in the pipe by means of the phase change material.

[0017] The heat exchanger according to the invention is configured to passively thermally treat a food product without recourse to an external source of electrical energy other than a source of electrical energy necessary for the circulation of a flow in the pipe. In particular, it is understood that the heat exchanger according to the invention is devoid of a compressor. The heat exchanger according to the invention is devoid of a condenser. The heat exchanger according to the invention is devoid of an evaporator. The heat exchanger according to the invention is devoid of an expansion valve.

[0018] In other words, the heat exchanger according to the invention is passive compared to active heat exchangers. Active heat exchangers are understood to mean heat exchangers of the heat pump or refrigerator type. It is understood that, in the heat exchanger according to the invention, the food product circulating in the pipe is intended to circulate at relatively constant pressure. The food product circulates in the pipe to be cooled there. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, the food product circulates in the pipe at relatively constant pressure and is passively cooled by the phase change material.

[0019] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the pipe is intended for the passage of the flow of the food product. In other words, in the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, the food product circulates in the pipe. It is understood that the circulation of the flow of food product may require electrical energy.

[0020] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the pipe is intended more generally for the passage of a flow. The pipe is intended for the passage of a flow making it possible to modify a physical state of the phase change material. It is understood that the pipe allows, alternately and successively, the passage of a flow of food product and another flow. The passage of another flow makes it possible to recharge the phase change material having made it possible to cool the flow of food product. In a non-limiting manner, a concessionary flow of water makes it possible to modify a physical state of the phase change material. Such a flow allows the phase change material to discharge its accumulated calories during the heat exchange between the phase change material and the food product. Alternatively, the pipe allows the passage of a flow intended to clean the pipe. It is understood that the circulation of any flow in the pipe may require electrical energy without contradicting the passive nature of the invention.

[0021] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the main segment of the pipe extends between the flow inlet orifice of the pipe and the flow outlet orifice of the pipe. The main segment is intended to be, at least in part, immersed in the phase change material. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, it is at the immersed level of the main segment that the heat exchange between the phase change material and the flow of food product takes place. By "at least in part" it is understood that the main segment that the heat exchange can be partially immersed in the phase change material. Also, the main segment can comprise one or more parts intended to be immersed in the phase change material. It is understood that the main segment comprises at least one part intended to be immersed in the phase change material.Alternatively, the main segment comprises several parts intended to be immersed in the phase change material. In the implemented invention, any part of the main segment immersed in the phase change material forms a heat exchange zone of the main segment of the pipe.

[0022] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention implemented, the flow circulates in the pipe from the flow inlet port to the flow outlet port.

[0023] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the flow inlet orifice of the pipe is located upstream of the main segment of the pipe, relative to the direction of circulation of the flow in the pipe.

[0024] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the flow outlet orifice of the pipe is located downstream of the main segment of the pipe, relative to the direction of circulation of the flow in the pipe.

[0025] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the at least one pipe support structure is configured to support the main segment of the pipe. It is understood that the main segment is mounted and supported by the support structure. The support structure makes it possible to maintain the main segment in a given conformation, despite the pipe's own weight and despite the weight of the food product, or any other flow, which it contains.

[0026] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the at least one pipe support structure is configured to be fixedly attached said main segment by fixing elements. The fixing elements secure the main segment and the pipe support structure.

[0027] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the refrigerant is of the phase change material type, the main segment of the pipe being intended to be immersed, at least in part, in the refrigerant. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented, it is at the level of the immersed part(s) of the main segment that the heat exchange between the phase change material and the flow of food product takes place.

[0028] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the phase change material is deemed to be in the solid phase at room temperature. In other words, the phase change material is deemed to have a temperature lower than its melting temperature at room temperature. The temperature difference between the phase change material and the food product stream allows absorption equal to the enthalpy of fusion of the phase change material.

[0029] In the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, the heat treatment tank delimits the housing. The housing is intended to house the refrigerant, the at least one support structure and the main segment of the pipe carried by the at least one support structure. It is understood that the tank contains the phase change material. In the heat exchanger according to the invention implemented carrying out a heat exchange between the food product and the phase change material, the housing houses the refrigerant, the at least one support structure and the main segment of the pipe carried by the at least one support structure.

[0030] The food product is, for example, a fresh product such as a product of plant origin. For example, the food product is a fresh fruit juice. Advantageously, the food product is a fruit must. Even more advantageously, the food product is a grape must. The heat exchanger according to the invention then makes it possible to preserve the juice from fermentation or from the formation of foam linked to this fermentation.

[0031] Thus, the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention implemented makes it possible to thermally treat a flow of food product circulating in the pipe, according to a passive process thanks to the phase change material in which the pipe is immersed, at least in part. This heat transfer is dependent on the temperature gradient existing between the flow of food product and the phase change material.

[0032] In the case of grape must, the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention makes it possible to cool it, in order to limit, ideally eliminate, the fermentation of the must and control the quality of the juice obtained. Such a heat exchanger allows specific manufacturing steps to be followed in order to obtain wines, and in particular Champagne wines, while guaranteeing low electrical energy expenditure compared to conventional heat exchangers.

[0033] The invention in accordance with its first aspect thus allows energy-efficient cooling, based on a characteristic of the enthalpy of fusion of the phase-change material, comparable to enthalpic or passive cooling as opposed to cooling by active thermodynamic equipment.

[0034] The heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0035] - the pipe, taken at the level of the main segment of the pipe, comprises a internal surface opposite an external surface, the internal surface being intended to be in contact with the flow of food product, and the external surface being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant, the external surface delimiting a heat exchange surface of between 1.5 square meters and 0.5 square meters for a quantity of refrigerant of between 150 and 50 kg. The main segment of the pipe comprises the internal surface radially opposite the external surface. The internal surface is intended to be in contact with the flow of food product in the invention implemented to cool said food product. The external surface is intended to be in contact with the refrigerant contained in the tank in the invention implemented. When the invention is implemented, it is understood that the external surface intended to be in contact with the refrigerant is taken at the level of a submerged part of the main segment of the pipe.The external surface delimiting such a heat exchange surface is advantageous for efficient passive heat treatment of the food product flow in the invention implemented. Advantageously, the heat exchange surface is equal to 1 square meter for a quantity of refrigerant fluid equal to 100 kg. For example, for a grape press having a capacity of 4000 kg, the heat exchange surface is equal to 4 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant fluid contained in the tank is equal to 300 kg. For example, for a grape press having a capacity of 8000 kg, the heat exchange surface is equal to 8 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant fluid contained in the tank is equal to 600 kg. For example, for a grape press having a capacity of 12000 kg, the heat exchange surface is equal to 12 square meters and the quantity of refrigerant fluid contained in the tank is equal to 900 kg; .

[0036] - the heat exchanger has a heat flux density of between 750 W / m2 at 1000 W / m2. Such a heat flux density allows efficient passive thermal treatment of the food product stream in the implemented invention. Advantageously, the heat exchanger has a heat flux density of between 750 W / m2 and 2000 W / m2. Such a heat flux density is optimal for cooling a flow of food product such as grape must;

[0037] - a distance between the external surface of the pipe and the internal surface of the pipe is between 1.2 mm and 0.8 mm. Such a distance promotes thermal conduction of the pipe between the external surface of the pipe and the internal surface of the pipe. Advantageously, the distance between the external surface of the pipe and the internal surface of the pipe is equal to 1 mm. Such a distance is optimal for promoting thermal conduction of the pipe between the external surface of the pipe and the internal surface of the pipe and ensuring mechanical strength of the pipe. Such a pipe is also considered to be "off the shelf" and can be easily obtained in this way;

[0038] - the pipe comprises linear portions and fixed bent portions integrally attached to each other by a fixing device, each linear portion having its opposite ends each attached to a bent portion, the linear portions of the main segment of the pipe being spaced apart from each other so as to be distributed relatively homogeneously in the housing. The pipe comprises linear portions and bent portions integrally attached to each other by a fixing device. The fixing device is of the type of a permanent or removable fixing. It is understood that the bent portions extend, at least partially, so as to describe a curve. Each linear portion of the main segment of the pipe comprises two opposite ends. The opposite ends of a linear portion are each attached to a bent portion. Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a compact pipe.Such a configuration makes it possible to optimize a ratio between the quantity of refrigerant fluid and the heat exchange surface. The linear portions of the main segment of the pipe are spaced apart from each other so as to be distributed relatively homogeneously between them and in the housing. It is understood that such a structuring of the linear portions and the bent portions of the main segment of the pipe allows the pipe of the heat exchanger according to the invention to gain in compactness. To tend towards a homogeneous distribution in the housing, a size of the housing must be considered. For example, an optimal arrangement of the linear portions relative to each other will be different for a housing with a parallelepiped, curved or circular cross-section. Whatever the size of the housing, such a structuring of the linear portions and the bent portions follows a sinuous path.Such a structuring of the pipe allows a homogeneous distribution of the main segment of the pipe in the housing. In the implemented invention, such a homogeneous distribution facilitates heat exchange along the main segment of the pipe;

[0039] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a substantially constant diameter. The diameter is the largest distance that can be measured between two points on the internal surface of the linear portion considered. By substantially constant, we mean that the diameter is identical at every point of the linear portion considered. Advantageously, the linear portions all have the same diameter in the main segment;

[0040] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a diameter, taken at the level of the internal surface, equal to or greater than 20 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with a viscosity of a food product of the type of a must. Advantageously, in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a diameter, taken at the level of its internal surface, of between 20 mm and 25 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with a viscosity of grape must. Very advantageously, in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions each have a diameter, taken at the level of its internal surface, equal to 20 mm. Such a diameter is compatible with a viscosity of grape must and makes the pipe particularly compact;

[0041] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions have a section circular. Such a conformation facilitates the circulation of flow in the pipe;

[0042] - the bent portions advantageously have a radius, taken at the level of the surface internal diameter of the pipe, equivalent to five times the diameter of the linear portions. Such a conformation facilitates a flow of flow at the level of the bent portions;

[0043] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions and the portions bent, secured to each other by a fixing device of the permanent fixing type, form a monolithic part. The term "monolithic part" means that the linear portions and the bent portions forming the main segment of the pipe cannot be separated from each other without all or part of their integrity being damaged. The linear portions and the bent portions form a unit described as a monoblock and correspond to a single continuous part, made from a single piece and obtained during the same manufacturing process. The invention according to its first aspect thus advantageously makes it possible to obtain a prefabricated main segment of the pipe, the manufacture of which is simplified since it does away with the assembly of the linear portions and the bent portions constituting it as well as the presence of fixing means between the elements constituting it.In addition, a one-piece part can be machined in a variety of different dimensions so as to be suitable for different heat exchanger models. Such a one-piece part is also more rigid and lighter. In addition, such a one-piece part facilitates flow of fluxes at its internal surface; .

[0044] - in the pipe, the fixing device of the type of a removable fixing takes the shape of a ferrule clamp;

[0045] - the linear portions each extending along a longitudinal extension axis, the linear portions of the main segment of the pipe being arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes are distributed in at least two distinct substantially horizontal planes, an upper plane and a lower plane. It is understood that the linear portions of the main segment of the pipe have an organization by "stages". The adjectives "upper" and "lower" are assessed in relation to a vertical orientation, the upper plane being arranged above the inner plane. Such a configuration advantageously allows circulation of the flow in the pipe from one of the at least two planes to the other of the at least two planes. By substantially horizontal, it is meant that the at least two planes extend in a generally elongated orientation, whether or not it is strictly parallel to a horizontal plane.Advantageously, in the invention implemented, the flow of food product is intended to circulate in the pipe from the lower plane to the upper plane. Such an orientation of the circulation of the flow of food product makes it possible to limit the presence of possible air bubbles in the pipe;

[0046] - in the upper plane, the longitudinal extension axis of the linear portions is inclined, relative to the horizontal plane, with a slope of 0.3 cm / m, plus or minus 10%. Such a slope promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles;

[0047] - in the lower plane, the longitudinal extension axis of the linear portions is inclined, relative to the horizontal plane, with a slope of 0.3 cm / m, plus or minus 10%. Such a slope promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles;

[0048] - the pipe comprises a first segment between the main segment and the flow inlet orifice, the first segment comprising a first free end opening onto the food product flow inlet orifice, and a second end securely attached to one of the bent portions of the main segment by a first attachment means, the first end of the first segment being higher than the second end of the first segment. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. The adjectives “upper” and “lower” are assessed in relation to a vertical orientation, the first end being arranged above the second end;

[0049] - the pipe comprises a second segment opposite the first segment, the second segment being between the main segment and the flow outlet orifice, the second segment comprising a first free end opening onto the food product flow outlet orifice, and a second end fixedly attached to one of the bent portions of the main segment by a second fixing means, the first end of the second segment being higher than the second end of the second segment. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. The adjectives “upper” and “lower” are assessed in relation to a vertical orientation, the first end being arranged above the second end;

[0050] - in the main segment of the pipe, the linear portions of the same plane are arranged so that their extension axes are substantially parallel to each other. Such a configuration optimizes the spatial distribution of the linear portions. Such a configuration optimizes, in the invention implemented, the distribution of the linear portions in the housing;

[0051] - preferably, the linear portions of the same plane are arranged in so that their extension axes are distinct from each other. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles and optimizes the number of bent portions. Alternatively, certain linear portions of the same plane are coaxial two by two;

[0052] - advantageously, the linear portions are arranged relative to each other others so that their longitudinal extension axes are distributed in at least six substantially horizontal planes, the upper plane, the lower plane and at least four intermediate planes between the upper plane and the lower plane. It is understood that, in the invention implemented, the flow circulates in the pipe successively from one plane to the other. In another exemplary embodiment, the linear portions are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes are distributed in at least ten substantially horizontal planes, the upper plane, the lower plane and at least eight intermediate planes between the upper plane and the lower plane.In another embodiment, the linear portions are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes are distributed in at least twenty-five substantially horizontal planes, the upper plane, the lower plane and at least twenty-three intermediate planes between the upper plane and the lower plane. It is understood that the number of substantially horizontal planes is given for information purposes and depends on the desired heat exchange surface. In general, the number of substantially horizontal planes may be defined as a function of the degree of absorption capacity of the heat exchanger according to the expected invention; .

[0053] - in the at least six planes, the collateral planes are equidistant. Two planes are considered collateral when they are side by side. In other words, two planes are considered collateral when no other plane taken from among the six planes is included between them. In another exemplary embodiment comprising at least ten substantially horizontal planes, in the at least ten planes, the collateral planes are equidistant. In another embodiment comprising at least twenty-five substantially horizontal planes, in the at least twenty-five planes, the collateral planes are equidistant;

[0054] - the linear portions of the main segment of the pipe are two to two with a spacing equal to four times a diameter of one of the linear portions considered. The spacing is the shortest distance measured at the external surface of the linear portions considered. In such a configuration, an optimal quantity of phase change materials is peripheral to the main segment of the pipe, promoting heat exchange. Advantageously, the extension axes of the linear portions of the same plane chosen from among the at least six planes are equidistant. In another exemplary embodiment comprising at least ten substantially horizontal planes, the extension axes of the linear portions of the same plane chosen from among the at least ten planes are equidistant. In another exemplary embodiment comprising at least twenty-five substantially horizontal planes, the extension axes of the linear portions of the same plane chosen from among the at least twenty-five planes are equidistant;

[0055] - the conduit is configured so that the flow of food product circulates in the conducted from the linear portions of the lower plane to the linear portions of the upper plane. Such a configuration promotes the evacuation of any air bubbles. In other words, relative to the conduit, the flow inlet orifice is located in a position proximal to the linear portions of the lower plane and in a position distal to the linear portions of the upper plane;

[0056] - taken two by two, the linear portions of two substantially horizontal planes distinct are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes are distributed in at least two substantially vertical planes. Such a configuration improves the compactness of the pipe. In other words, the immediately adjacent linear portions of two collateral planes are arranged in a staggered pattern. By staggered pattern is meant that, for a given cross-section of the pipe and considering five given linear portions, four linear portions are each located at one of the four corners of a rectangle and the fifth linear portion taken from among the five is substantially central to said rectangle. In particular, the four linear portions are each located at one of the four corners of a square and the fifth linear portion taken from among the five is substantially central to said square. Advantageously, all the linear portions of the pipe are arranged in a staggered pattern.Such an organization is particularly recognizable in cross-section of the pipe; .

[0057] - the pipe is formed from a metallic material. Such a material makes it possible to promote the thermal conductivity of the pipe;

[0058] - the metallic material forming the pipe is a stainless steel. Such a material improves the durability of the pipe. For example, the pipe is made of standardized stainless steel. Advantageously, the metallic material forming the pipe is a stainless steel of the 316 L type. Such a pipe has increased durability. Such a pipe has increased weldability;

[0059] - the metallic material forming the pipe is food grade. In other words, the metallic material is of a chemical composition that makes it compatible for food use. Such a metallic material is sanitary safe to be brought into contact, temporarily or for a long time, with a food product intended to be consumed. Advantageously, the pipe is formed from food-grade stainless steel;

[0060] - the internal surface of the pipe is a polished surface. It is understood that the surface internal is a smooth surface. In other words, the internal surface of the pipe is a surface that is generally free of roughness. Such an internal surface promotes a smooth flow of the flow circulating in the pipe;

[0061] - the external surface of the pipe is a polished surface. It is understood that the surface external is a smooth surface. In other words, a surface that is generally free of roughness. Such an external surface makes it possible to lighten the pipe and minimize the amount of material required for its manufacture. Alternatively or in addition, the external surface of the pipe includes fins. Such an external surface makes it possible to increase the exchange surface between the phase change material and the flow circulating in the pipe;

[0062] - in a first embodiment variant, the at least one support structure of pipe comprises a main body for supporting the pipe, the main body extending between a base of the support structure and an upper portion of the support structure, the base extending at a lower end of the main body and extending relatively perpendicular to the main body, and the upper portion extending relatively perpendicular to the base and to an upper end of the main body opposite the lower end of the main body. Such a configuration stabilizes the positioning of the pipe in the housing. In particular, such a configuration stabilizes the positioning of the pipe in the housing despite the weight of the pipe, whether full or not. The adjective "upper" is assessed in relation to a vertical orientation, the upper portion being arranged above the base and the upper end of the main body being arranged above the lower end of the main body.The main body is intended to support the pipe. The main body extends between the base of the support structure. and the upper portion of the support structure. The base extends at a lower end of the main body and extends relatively perpendicular to the main body. The upper portion of the support structure extends relatively perpendicular to the base. In a second alternative embodiment alternative or complementary to the first alternative embodiment, the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate intended to support the pipe. By plate, it is understood that the at least one pipe support structure is a generally planar part, which extends in a main plane. Such an at least one pipe support structure is compact and has simplified manufacturing;

[0063] - the at least one pipe support structure is formed from a material metallic. Such a material makes it possible to promote the mechanical resistance of at least one structure;

[0064] - the metallic material forming the at least one pipe support structure is a stainless steel. Such a material improves the durability of the at least one pipe support structure. Advantageously, the metallic material forming the at least one pipe support structure is a stainless steel of the 304 L type. Such a pipe has increased corrosion resistance;

[0065] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, the at least one pipe support structure forms a single-piece assembly. The term "single-piece assembly" means that the main body, the base and the upper part forming the support structure in question cannot be separated from each other without all or part of their integrity being damaged. The main body, the base and the upper part form an assembly described as a single-piece and correspond to a single continuous part, made from a single piece and obtained during the same manufacturing process. The invention according to its first aspect thus advantageously makes it possible to obtain a prefabricated support structure, the manufacture of which is simplified since it does away with the assembly of the main body, the base and the upper part constituting it, as well as the presence of fixing means between the elements constituting it.In addition, a one-piece part can be machined in a variety of different dimensions so as to be suitable for different heat exchanger designs. Such a one-piece part is also more rigid and mechanically more reliable; .

[0066] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of conduit, the main body comprises at least one pillar and a plurality of lateral branches, the at least one pillar being fixedly attached to the upper part and to the base, the lateral branches extending projecting relative to the at least one pillar, the lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to the body, the lateral branches each comprising at least one fixing element intended to securely fix the main body to the pipe. In the main body, the at least one pillar forms a structural element carrying the plurality of branches. In the main body, the plurality of branches is intended to support the pipe. Advantageously, the plurality of branches is intended to support the main segment of the pipe. Such a configuration makes it possible to support the pipe and to maintain its arrangement. In particular, in the implemented invention, such a configuration makes it possible to support the pipe and to maintain its arrangement so as to preserve a given spacing between the linear portions of the pipe and relative to the tank;

[0067] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, the fixing element is of the type of a removable fixing. For example, the fixing element takes the form of an articulated hexagonal collar. Advantageously, the articulated hexagonal collar has a diameter adapted to the pipe that it is intended to fix. Thus, the fixing element holds the pipe in a snug manner;

[0068] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of conduit, the main body comprises at least a number of branches at least equal to the number of horizontal planes in which the linear portions of the conduit extend. Such a configuration ensures that all the linear portions of the conduit can be supported by the main body;

[0069] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, the main body comprises a first pillar and a second pillar, the first pillar being fixedly attached to a first end of the upper part of the support structure and the second pillar being fixedly attached to a second end of the upper part of the support structure opposite the first end of the upper part of the support structure. In the main body, the first pillar and the second pillar form structural elements carrying the plurality of branches. Such a configuration makes it possible to make the at least one pipe support structure more reliable;

[0070] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of driving, the upper part forms a crossmember. A crossmember increases the mechanical rigidity of the upper part;

[0071] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, each branch of the plurality of branches has a profile having an L-shaped section. Such a profile gives the branches a certain lightness and robustness to the mechanical forces imposed by the pipe. The profile having an L-shaped section comprises at least one support face of the pipe;

[0072] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of driving, the base has a profile having a rectangular section. Such a profile ensures stability to the base. Advantageously, the base has a profile having a square section;

[0073] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of driving, the at least one pillar has a profile having a rectangular section. Such a profile ensures increased mechanical resistance to the at least one pillar;

[0074] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, the at least one pipe support structure comprises a lifting member fixedly attached to the upper part of the support structure. The lifting member makes it possible to move the pipe support structure, whether or not associated with the pipe. It is understood that the tank and the at least one pipe support structure can be separated from each other. For example, the tank and the at least one pipe support structure can be separated from each other for maintenance, cleaning and / or movement of the invention. Advantageously, the lifting member is permanently fixed to the upper part of the support structure, for example by welding;

[0075] - in the first embodiment of the at least one support structure of pipe, the lifting member comprises a first lifting ring arranged vertically above the first pillar and a second lifting ring arranged vertically above the second pillar. Such a configuration makes it possible to stabilize the lifting of the at least one pipe support structure, associated or not with the pipe;

[0076] - when the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate, the plate includes holes for the passage of the pipe. It is understood that the plate is perforated to allow the passage of the pipe that it supports. Such a configuration makes it possible to ensure the support of the pipe by the plate;

[0077] - in a first embodiment, when the at least one support structure of pipe takes the form of a plate, each linear portion is force-mounted through one of the holes in the plate. Such a configuration ensures increased solidarity between the pipe and the plate. In a second alternative or complementary embodiment to the first embodiment, when the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate, each linear portion is mounted through one of the holes in the plate and fixed integrally to the plate. For example, each linear portion is mounted through one of the holes in the plate and fixed integrally to the plate by welding and / or degumming. Such a configuration ensures increased solidarity between the pipe and the plate and facilitates the assembly of the pipe with the plate;

[0078] - when the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate, the plate extends substantially perpendicular to the linear portion of the pipe;

[0079] - when the at least one pipe support structure takes the form of a plate, a thickness of the plate is between 30 mm and 50 mm. Such a thickness advantageously supports the pipe loaded with fluid, in particular fluid to be cooled. The plate forming the at least one pipe support structure comprises two walls, a first wall opposite a second wall. The thickness of the plate forming the at least one pipe support structure is the shortest distance between the first wall and the second wall of the plate. Preferably, the plate forming the at least one pipe support structure has a minimum thickness of 33 mm;

[0080] - advantageously, when the at least one pipe support structure takes the plate-shaped, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two pipe support structures, a first pipe support structure having the shape of a plate, called the first plate, and a second pipe support structure having the shape of a plate, called the second plate. Such a configuration makes the support of the pipe in the heat exchanger according to the invention more reliable;

[0081] - when the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two structures of pipe support each having the shape of a plate, the first plate is fixedly attached to a first longitudinal end of the tank and the second plate is fixedly attached to a second longitudinal end of the tank, opposite the first longitudinal end of the tank. Such a configuration makes the support of the pipe by the two pipe support structures more reliable. Advantageously, the first plate and the second plate are substantially parallel to each other. This configuration makes the support function of the pipe support structures more reliable and advantageously strengthens;

[0082] - the first plate and the second plate participate, with the treatment tank thermal, to delimit the housing intended to house the refrigerant fluid. It is understood that the first plate and the second plate hermetically close the housing. Then, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the tank and to the pipe. In particular, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the tank at the internal wall of the tank. For example, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the tank in the manner of a manhole and / or by welding and / or adding a seal. In particular, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the pipe at the orifices of each of the plates. For example, the first plate and the second plate are each hermetically coupled to the pipe at the orifices of each of the plates by welding and / or degumming and / or crimping and / or force fitting and / or addition of a sealing joint;

[0083] - advantageously, when the at least one pipe support structure takes the plate-shaped, the pipe support structure supports the pipe at the linear portions of the pipe. Such a configuration makes it possible to make the support provided by the support structure more reliable. When the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises two pipe support structures each having the shape of a plate, each linear portion has one of its opposite ends mounted through one of the orifices of the first plate on the one hand and the other of its opposite ends mounted through one of the orifices of the second plate on the other hand;

[0084] - in a first embodiment, the housing has a cross section parallelepiped. In particular, the housing has a rectangular cross-section. In a second preferred embodiment alternative to the first embodiment, the housing has a curved cross-section. Advantageously, the housing has a circular cross-section;

[0085] - the tank extends along a longitudinal main axis, the tank is shaped parallelepiped and comprises an upper face opposite a lower face, the lower face and the upper face being connected to each other by at least one lateral face, the upper face being fixedly attached to the lateral face by a removable fixing means. The lower face is intended to support the base of the at least one structure. In this configuration, the tank can adopt a closed or open position at its upper face, depending on whether or not the upper face is fixed to the lateral face. Such a configuration allows the tank to be opened to accommodate the at least one pipe support structure and the pipe. Such a configuration allows the tank to be closed to preserve the phase change material and secures the tank.Alternatively and preferably, the tank extends along a main longitudinal axis, the tank is cylindrical in shape and comprises a cylindrical casing extending along the main longitudinal axis and two longitudinal ends opposite each other and forming bases of the cylindrical casing, called first longitudinal end or first base and second longitudinal end or second base. Advantageously, the cylindrical casing and the first longitudinal end of the tank on the one hand, and the cylindrical casing and the second longitudinal end of the tank on the other hand, are fixed together permanently. It is understood that, in this configuration of definitive fixing, each element of the tank can only be separated from the other by destruction and / or damage to a part of one and / or the other of the elements; .

[0086] - when the tank is parallelepiped in shape, the at least one fixing means removable is of the lever closure type. The lever closure is secure and easily operated;

[0087] - the tank is parallelepiped in shape, the upper face of the tank comprises at at least one opening intended for the passage of the lifting member. Such a configuration makes it possible to simultaneously lift the at least one pipe support structure housed in the tank when the upper face is in the closed position. Advantageously, the upper face of the tank comprises a first opening intended for the passage of the first lifting ring and a second opening intended for the passage of the second lifting ring;

[0088] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape and the cylindrical casing and the first longitudinal end of the tank on the one hand, and the cylindrical casing and the second longitudinal end of the tank on the other hand, are fixed together permanently, the tank comprises at least one opening intended to provide access to the housing. Such an opening makes it possible to add or extract the phase change material from the housing. For example, the tank comprises a so-called lower opening provided with a closing means provided in the lower part of the tank. Such a lower opening facilitates the draining of the refrigerant from the housing. For example, alternatively or additionally, the tank comprises a so-called upper opening provided in the upper part of the tank. Such an upper opening is advantageous for regulating an internal pressure in the housing. In particular, such an upper opening is advantageous in the event of a variation in the volume of refrigerant in the housing and then forms a vent.Such an opening can also be used to fill the housing with phase change material; .

[0089] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a maximum longitudinal dimension, taken along the main longitudinal axis of the tank, is between 2.5 m and 4.5 m. Advantageously, when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a maximum longitudinal dimension, taken along the main longitudinal axis of the tank, is between 3 m and 4 m. Such a dimension is advantageous for industrial-scale heat treatment. More generally, it is understood that the dimensions of such a tank are adapted according to the reality of the industrial companies wishing to implement it;

[0090] - when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a diameter of the tank, taken perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis of the tank and taken at the level of the cylindrical casing, is between 100 cm and 200 cm. Advantageously, when the tank is cylindrical in shape, a diameter of the tank, taken perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis of the tank and taken at the level of the cylindrical casing, is between 130 cm and 150 cm. Such a dimension is advantageous for industrial-scale heat treatment. More generally, it is understood that the dimensions of such a tank are adapted according to the reality of the industrial companies wishing to implement it;

[0091] - the tank is formed from a metallic material. Such a material helps to promote the mechanical resistance of the tank;

[0092] - the metallic material forming the tank is stainless steel. Such a material improves the durability of the tank. For example, the pipe is made of standardized stainless steel. Advantageously, the metallic material forming the tank is a stainless steel of the 316 L type. Such a tank has increased durability;

[0093] - the tank comprises an insulating coating intended to thermally insulate the housing from an environment external to the tank. The insulating coating limits heat exchange between the phase change material and an environment external to the tank;

[0094] - the insulating coating comprises an envelope delimiting a sealed compartment includes a vacuum insulator. Such a coating promotes thermal insulation of the tank;

[0095] - the envelope is formed from a material of the polyurethane nylon type;

[0096] - the tank comprises an internal surface opposite an external surface, the surface internal being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant fluid in the housing, the insulating coating being mounted peripherally to the tank on the side of the external surface of the tank. In particular, when the tank is parallelepipedal in shape, the insulating coating is mounted peripherally to the tank on the lower face, the upper face and at least one lateral face of the tank. In particular, when the tank is cylindrical in shape, the insulating coating is mounted peripherally to the tank on the cylindrical casing of the tank. Such a configuration improves the thermal insulation provided by the insulating coating to the tank;

[0097] - the tank includes adjustable feet. Such a configuration makes it possible to modify an inclination of the lower face. This configuration can be advantageous on uneven or sloping ground. This configuration makes it possible to adjust the positioning of the at least one pipe structure housed in the tank. This configuration makes it possible to adjust the inclination of the pipe in the tank. When the tank is parallelepiped in shape, the lower face of the tank includes the adjustable feet, when the tank is cylindrical in shape, the lower part of the tank includes the adjustable feet;

[0098] - the heat exchanger comprises a reservoir in fluid communication with the pipe, the tank being intended to house and stabilize the food product intended to circulate in flow in the pipe. The tank makes it possible to obtain a non-turbulent flow of food product. The tank makes it possible to obtain a flow of product food without air bubbles. For example, the tank is a belon-type volume. A belon, for example, allows the must obtained after pressing to be received and divided prior to its circulation in the main segment of the pipe;

[0099] - the reservoir is fluidically connected with the flow inlet port of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention. Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a non-turbulent laminar flow intended to circulate in the pipe. Such a configuration avoids incomplete filling of the main segment of the pipe. Advantageously, the reservoir is fluidically connected with the flow inlet orifice and the flow outlet orifice. Such a configuration makes it possible to form a heat exchange circuit. Such a configuration allows the flow to circulate more than once in the main segment of the pipe. The heat exchange at the main segment can thus be progressive and repeated. It is thus possible to envisage cooling the flow of food product in several passes, simultaneously allowing stabilization of the food product at a given temperature;

[0100] - the heat exchanger comprises a circulation means intended to put into circulation circulating the flow in the pipe. The circulation means allows circulation of the flow in the pipe and promotes heat exchange between the flow and the phase change material. For example, the circulation means is intended to circulate the food product in the pipe. When the circulation means circulates the flow of food product in the pipe immersed, at least in part, in the phase change material, the circulation means promotes heat exchange between the food product flow and the phase change material. For example, the circulation means is intended to circulate the concessionary water in the pipe. Thus, the food product discharges its calories to the phase change material.When the circulation means circulates the concessionary water in the submerged pipe, at least in part, in the phase change material, the circulation means promotes the heat exchange between the concessionary water flow and the phase change material. Thus, the phase change material discharges its calories to the concessionary water; .

[0101] - the circulation means is configured to advantageously generate a constant flow rate of food product flow in the pipe. Alternatively or additionally, the circulation means is configured to generate a variable flow rate of food product flow;

[0102] - the circulation means is characterized by a variable flow rate between 10 to 50 liters per minute. Advantageously, the circulation means is characterized by a variable flow rate of 30 liters per minute;

[0103] - the circulation means is located upstream of the flow inlet orifice. Upstream is considered relative to the direction of flow in the pipe;

[0104] - the circulation means is a variable displacement volumetric pump;

[0105] - advantageously, the phase change material is of the solid-liquid type. A such phase change material has increased thermal storage capacity;

[0106] - the phase change material comprises at least one organic compound. Thus, according to a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list, the organic compound includes for example: water, decane, n-hexadacane, glycerol, formic acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.;

[0107] - the phase change material comprises at least one bio-sourced compound of natural origin. Such a component advantageously makes it possible to reduce the ecological impact of the invention;

[0108] - advantageously, the phase change material comprises glycerol. Glycerol is advantageous for use in the food industry. Glycerol is advantageously a bio-based compound of natural origin. Alternatively, the phase change material comprises N-hexadecane;

[0109] - the phase change material has a melting temperature between zero degrees Celsius and thirty degrees Celsius, plus or minus 10%. Such a melting temperature advantageously makes it possible to tend towards an objective temperature of the fluid to be cooled. The melting temperature may be chosen according to the desired cooling needs of the food product flow. Generally speaking, the melting temperature may be chosen according to the absorption capacity of the heat exchanger according to the expected invention;

[0110] - the phase change material is non-circulating. A phase change material non-circulating phase ensures the energy efficiency of the invention while allowing efficient heat exchange with the flow circulating in the main segment of the pipe.

[0111] According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a heat treatment device for a food product, the heat treatment device being configured to heat treat a flow of food product, the device comprising: (i) the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention or according to any of its improvements, (ii) a food product storage compartment intended to store the food product heat treated by the heat exchanger.

[0112] It is understood that the food product storage compartment is downstream of the heat exchanger. Downstream is considered relative to the direction of flow in the pipe.

[0113] The invention in accordance with its second aspect thus makes it possible, in an energy-efficient manner, to store the food product and makes it possible to maintain the temperature that said food product has reached following the thermal treatment carried out at the heat exchanger.

[0114] The heat treatment device according to the second aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0115] - the heat treatment device comprises a fruit press device comprising a pressing zone intended to extract a fruit must, the pressing device being upstream of the heat exchanger, the pressing device being intended to be in fluid communication with the flow inlet orifice of the heat exchanger pipe. The pressing device makes it possible to extract the fruit must feeding the heat exchanger;

[0116] - the tank is included between the pressing device and the heat exchanger. Thus, the tank allows the must obtained after pressing to be received and divided prior to its circulation in the main segment of the pipe;

[0117] - the food product storage compartment is merged with the tank. This configuration saves space and materials. For example, the storage compartment is made of belon.

[0118] According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for heat treatment of a food product, the method comprising a step of heat treatment by the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention or according to any of its improvements.

[0119] The heat treatment method according to the third aspect of the invention comprises the step of heat treatment by the heat exchanger, in other words an energetically passive step.

[0120] In the heat treatment method according to the third aspect of the invention, all of the elements of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention cooperate during the heat treatment step. It is thus understood that, during the heat treatment step, the at least one pipe support structure supports the main segment of the pipe. During the heat treatment step, the at least one pipe support structure is fixedly attached to said main segment by the fixing elements. During the heat treatment step, the main segment of the pipe is immersed, at least in part, in the phase change material. During the heat treatment step, the flow of food product circulates in the pipe of the heat exchanger. During the heat treatment step, the housing of the tank houses the phase change material, the at least one support structure and the main segment of the pipe carried by the at least one support structure.

[0121] Thus, the heat treatment method according to the third aspect of the invention makes it possible to heat treat a flow of food product circulating in the pipe of the heat exchanger, according to a passive process thanks to the phase change material in which the pipe is, at least in part, immersed. This heat transfer is dependent on the temperature gradient existing between the flow of food product and the phase change material.

[0122] The invention in accordance with its first aspect thus allows energy-efficient cooling, based on a characteristic of the fusion enthalpy of the phase-change material, comparable to enthalpic or passive cooling as opposed to cooling by active thermodynamic equipment.

[0123] Such a heat treatment method using the heat exchanger during a heat treatment step makes it possible, when the treated food product is a fruit must, to inhibit alcoholic fermentation of the must. In the case of grape must, the heat treatment method makes it possible to cool it, in order to limit, ideally eliminate, fermentation of the must and control the quality of the juice obtained. Such a method makes it possible to comply with specific manufacturing steps for obtaining wines, and in particular Champagne wines, while guaranteeing low electrical energy expenditure compared to conventional methods.

[0124] Advantageously, the method according to the third aspect of the invention comprises: (i) a fruit pressing step, (ii) the heat treatment step following the pressing step, (iii) a must storage step, the storage step being following the heat treatment step.

[0125] The fruit pressing step makes it possible to transform fruit into must. The must comprises, for example, fruit juice and freshly crushed fruit in a so-called "raw" state. Thus, depending on the fruit pressed, the must may comprise, in addition to the juice, fruit skins and / or seeds and / or fruit stems. This is, for example, the case for grape must which comprises grape juice and grape skins and / or grape seeds and / or grape stems.

[0126] The must storage step allows the heat-treated must to be stored during the heat treatment step. The must storage step allows the must to be maintained at an optimal temperature, reached during the heat treatment step, in order to avoid uncontrolled and premature fermentation of the must obtained during the pressing step.

[0127] Various embodiments of the invention are provided, integrating according to all of their possible combinations the different optional characteristics set out here.

[0128] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several examples of embodiment given for informational and non-limiting purposes with reference to the attached schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0129] [Fig-1] illustrates a schematic view of a heat treatment device for food product, the heat treatment device being in accordance with the first aspect of the invention;

[0130] [Fig.2] illustrates a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention in a first variant embodiment;

[0131] [Fig.3] illustrates a detailed side sectional view of the heat exchanger in accordance with the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.2];

[0132] [Fig.4] illustrates another detailed view in longitudinal section of the exchanger thermal according to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.2];

[0133] [Fig.5] illustrates a schematic view of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention in a second variant embodiment distinct from the first variant embodiment shown in [Fig.2];

[0134] [Fig.6] illustrates a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0135] [Fig.7] illustrates a detailed view of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0136] [Fig.8] illustrates an implementation of the heat exchanger in accordance with the first aspect of the invention shown in [Fig.5];

[0137] [Fig.9] illustrates a heat exchange process in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.

[0138] Of course, the features, variants and different embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other, in various combinations, provided that they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, variants of the invention may be imagined comprising only a selection of features described below in isolation from the other features described, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art.

[0139] In particular, all the variants and all the embodiments described can be combined with each other if nothing prevents this combination from a technical point of view.

[0140] In the figures, the elements common to several figures retain the same reference.

[0141] [Fig.l] shows a heat treatment device 1 for a food product according to the second aspect of the invention. In this case, the treatment device thermal 1 is intended to thermally treat a food product such as fruit must.

[0142] [Fig.l] shows that the heat treatment device 1 comprises a heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention and a storage compartment 3 intended to store the food product heat-treated by the heat exchanger 2. The heat treatment device 1 further comprises a fruit press device 4 comprising a pressing zone 5 intended to extract the must. In this case, it is understood that the food product is in particular a grape must. The press device 4 is intended to supply must to the heat exchanger 2. The grape must supplying the heat exchanger 2 is represented by solid arrows 100 in [Fig.l] and in [Fig.8].

[0143] [Fig.l] shows that, in the heat treatment device 1 according to the second aspect of the invention, the press device 4 is upstream of the heat exchanger 2 relative to a circulation of the must. The direction of circulation of the must is given by the orientation of the solid arrow 100. The press device 4 is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger 2 via a reservoir 300. It is understood that the reservoir 300 is between the press device 4 and the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the reservoir 300 is formed of a belon.

[0144] [Fig.l] shows that, in this case in the heat treatment device 1, the must storage compartment 3 is merged with the reservoir 300. It is understood that the heat treatment device 1 in accordance with the second aspect of the invention thus forms a circuit at the level of the heat exchanger 2 in accordance with the first aspect of the invention and the reservoir 300, the must circulating from the must storage compartment 3 to the reservoir 300, corresponding to said compartment 3, via the heat treatment device 1 in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.

[0145] [Fig.l] shows that the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention comprises a flow inlet orifice 6 and a flow outlet orifice 7. The flow inlet orifice 6 is in fluid communication with a lower path 8 of the tank 300, intended to supply the heat exchanger 2 with must. The flow outlet orifice 7 is in fluid communication with an upper path 9 of the tank 300, intended to be supplied with must flow to the heat exchanger 2. In a version of the invention shown in [Fig.l], the flow outlet orifice 7 is located above the flow inlet orifice 6.

[0146] [Fig.l] shows that the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention comprises a means 10 for circulating the must upstream of the flow inlet orifice 6.

[0147] [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6], [Fig.7] and [Fig.8] show the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention in versions distinct from the version illustrated in [Fig.l].

[0148] In [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6], [Fig.7] and [Fig.8], the orientations and directions are defined as follows. The longitudinal direction, corresponding to a front-to-back direction, will be represented by an OX axis. The lateral direction will be represented by an OY axis. The vertical direction, which references an elevation, will be represented by an OZ axis. These different axes define an orthonormal reference frame OXYZ represented in [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6], [Fig.7] and [Fig.8]. In this orthonormal reference frame, the "front" orientation will be defined by the positive direction of the OX axis, the "back" orientation being defined by the negative direction of this same axis. The "above" or "upper" orientation will be defined by the positive direction of the OZ axis, the "below" or "lower" orientation being defined by the negative direction of this same axis. In [Fig.2] and in [Fig.5], the heat exchanger 2 is shown in an isometric view. In [Fig. 3], the heat exchanger 2 is shown in a side sectional view along AA as shown in [Fig. 3]. In [Fig. 4], the heat exchanger 2 is shown in a longitudinal sectional view along BB as shown in [Fig. 2]. In [Fig. 6] and in [Fig. 8], the heat exchanger 2 is shown in a cross-sectional view along CC as shown in [Fig. 5]. .

[0149] In [Fig.2], [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention is shown in a first embodiment variant. In [Fig.5], [Fig.6], [Fig.7] and [Fig.8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention is shown in a second embodiment variant distinct from the first embodiment variant.

[0150] In [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6] and [Fig.8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises a pipe 11, at least one structure 12, 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11, a refrigerant fluid 15 of the type of a phase change material 16 and a tank 17 extending along a longitudinal main axis 18.

[0151] In the first embodiment shown in [Fig.2], [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises a single structure 12 for supporting the pipe 11. In the second embodiment shown in [Fig.5], [Fig.6] and [Fig.8], the heat exchanger 2 according to the invention comprises two structures 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11, a first structure 13 for supporting the pipe 11 and a second structure 14 for supporting the pipe 11. The second structure 14 for supporting the pipe 11 is illustrated in detail in [Fig.7].

[0152] [Fig.2], [Fig.4] and [Fig.5] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the pipe 11 comprises a main segment 19 extending between the flow inlet orifice 6 and the flow outlet orifice 7.

[0153] In the first embodiment shown in [Fig.2], the tank 17 takes a parallelepiped shape. The tank 17 comprises a lower face 20 opposite an upper face 21 and side faces 22, 23, 24, 25 connecting the lower face 20 to the upper face 21. [Fig. 2], [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the heat treatment tank 17 delimits a housing 26. In particular in the first embodiment, the housing 26 is delimited by all the faces 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the tank 17. Thus, the housing 26 of the tank 17 houses the refrigerant fluid 15, the support structure 12 and the entire main segment 19 of the pipe 11 carried by the support structure 12.

[0154] In the second embodiment shown in [Fig.5], in [Fig.6] and in [Fig.8], the tank 17 takes a cylindrical shape. [Fig.6] shows that the tank 17 comprises a cylindrical casing 27 extending along the longitudinal main axis 18 of the tank 17, and two longitudinal ends 28, 29 opposite each other. The tank 17 further comprises an upper part 30 opposite a lower part 31.

[0155] The second embodiment illustrated in [Fig.6] shows that the two longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17 form bases 32, 33 of the cylindrical casing 27. A first longitudinal end 28 of the tank 17 forms a first base 32 and a second longitudinal end 29 forms a second base 33. The first base 32 and the second base 33 close the cylindrical casing 27 at the longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17. The first base 32 of the tank 17 and the second base 33 of the tank 17 each take the form of a plate. One of the bases, in this case the second base 33, is illustrated in detail in [Fig.7]. The second base 33 is pierced with the flow inlet orifice 6 and the flow outlet orifice 7, unlike the first base 32.

[0156] The second embodiment variant illustrated in [Fig. 5] shows that the cylindrical casing 27 comprises a first mouth 34, located in a position proximal to the second base 33, and a second mouth 35 located in a position proximal to the second base 33. The first mouth 34 and the second mouth 35 are provided at the upper part 30 of the cylindrical casing 27 of the tank 17. Such mouths 34, 35 make it possible, for example, to insert or remove the refrigerant 15 from the housing 26. Such mouths 34, 35 make it possible, for example, to allow pressure variations within the housing 26.

[0157] [Fig.3], [Fig.4] and [Fig.6] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 is immersed in the refrigerant fluid 15. In this case, in the first variant embodiment shown in [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], a surface 36 of the refrigerant fluid 15 is between the main segment 19 and the flow outlet orifice 7. In this case, in the second variant embodiment shown in [Fig.6], the surface 36 of the refrigerant fluid 15 is between the main segment 19 and the upper part 30 of the cylindrical casing 27 of the tank 17.

[0158] An insert 401 of [Fig.4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the pipe 11, taken at the level of the main segment 19, comprises an internal surface 37 opposite an external surface 38. The internal surface 37 is in contact with the flow of must, as shown in [Fig.8]. The external surface 38 is in contact with the refrigerant fluid 15, as shown in [Fig.8]. Generally, such a configuration can be found in the first variant of the invention as in the second variant of the invention.

[0159] [Fig. 2] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the pipe 11 comprises linear portions 39 and bent portions 40 fixed integrally to each other by a fixing device 42. In the variant shown in [Fig. 2], the linear portions 39 and the bent portions 40 take the form of tubes. Each linear portion 39 has its opposite ends 43 each fixed to a bent portion 40.

[0160] [Fig.3], [Fig.4] and [Fig.6] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 are distant from each other so as to be distributed relatively homogeneously in the housing 26.

[0161] In particular, [Fig. 3] shows that at the level of the pipe 11, two immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 44, 45 of the pipe 11 are arranged vertically to one another. Contrary to what is illustrated in [Fig. 3], in [Fig. 7], two immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the pipe 11 are offset from one another, relatively to the vertical.

[0162] [Fig.4] and [Fig.6] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the linear portions 39 extend along a longitudinal extension axis 48 substantially parallel to the main longitudinal axis 18 of the tank 17. In the first embodiment variant illustrated in [Fig.4], the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes 48 are distributed in six distinct horizontal planes, an upper plane 49, a lower plane 50 and four intermediate planes 51. In the second embodiment variant illustrated in [Fig.7], the linear portions 39 of the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 are arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes 48 are distributed in eleven distinct horizontal planes, an upper plane 49, a lower plane 50 and nine intermediate planes 51. It is understood that these examples are not limiting.

[0163] [Fig.3], [Fig.4] and [Fig.6] show that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the structure 12, 13, 14 of support for pipe 11 supports the main segment 19 of pipe 11. The structure 12, 13, 14 of support for pipe 11 further makes it possible to maintain the relative arrangement of the linear portions 39 of pipe 11.

[0164] The structure 12 of the pipe support 11, in the first version of the invention shown in [Fig.2] and in [Fig.4], is fixed integrally to said main segment 19 by fixing elements 52. In this case, the fixing elements 52 are articulated hexagonal collars.

[0165] [Fig.4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the structure 12 for supporting the pipe 11 comprises a main body 53 supporting the pipe 11.

[0166] [Fig.4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the main body 53 of the support structure 12 extends between a base 54 of the support structure 12 and an upper portion 55 of the support structure 12.

[0167] [Fig. 4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the main body 53 of the support structure 12 comprises a first pillar 56 and a second pillar 57. The first pillar 56 is fixedly attached to a first end 58 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. The second pillar 57 is fixedly attached to a second end 59 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12 opposite the first end 58 of the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. In the main body 53, the first pillar 56 and the second pillar 57 form structural elements carrying a plurality of branches 59, 60, extending laterally. The branches 59 are also illustrated in [Fig. 3].

[0168] It is understood, with [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the main body 53 comprises four branches 59, 60 per horizontal plane. In a given horizontal plane passing through two branches 59, said two branches 59 extend on either side of the first pillar 56, perpendicular to the main body 53. The same is true for two branches 60 of the same horizontal plane which extend on either side of the second pillar 57, perpendicular to the main body 53.

[0169] [Fig.4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the base 54 of the support structure 12 extends at the lower end of the main body 53 and extends perpendicular to the main body 53.

[0170] [Fig. 4] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, the upper part 55 of the support structure 12 extends perpendicular to the base 54 of the structure 12 and forms a crosspiece. The upper part 55 of the support structure 12 extends to the upper end of the main body 53.

[0171] [Fig. 4] shows that the pipe support structure 12 11 comprises a lifting member 63 fixed integrally to the crosspiece forming the upper part 55 of the support structure 12. The lifting member 63 of the support structure 12 comprises a first lifting ring 64 arranged relative to the first pillar 56 and a second lifting ring 65 arranged relative to the second pillar 57. Note that [Fig. 5] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention in its second variant embodiment, the upper part of the cylindrical casing 27 comprises lifting hoops 66, 67 of the tank 17, distinct from the lifting member 63 of the support structure 12 shown in [Fig. 4].

[0172] [Fig. 6] shows that, in the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention, each structure 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11 takes the form of a plate 68, 69 intended to support the pipe 11. The structure 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11 is a generally flat part, which extends in a main plane, of vertical and lateral extension, which is specific to it. In this case, the invention comprises two structures 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11, with a first plate 68 and a second plate 69. The first plate 68 is fixed integrally and hermetically to the tank 17 at the first base 32 of the tank 17. The second plate 69 is fixed integrally to the second longitudinal end 29 of the tank 17, opposite the first base 32 of the tank 17. The first plate 68 and the second plate 69 are substantially parallel to each other.

[0173] [Fig.6] shows that the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11 are housed in the housing 26 and the bent portions 41 of the pipe 11 are arranged in the bases forming the two longitudinal ends 28, 29 of the tank 17.

[0174] [Fig.6] and [Fig.7] show that the second plate 69, and it is understood that the same is true for the first plate 68, supports the pipe 11 at its linear portions 39. [Fig.7] shows that the second plate 69 comprises orifices 390 crossed by the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11. The second structure 14 for supporting the pipe 11, in the second version of the invention shown in [Fig.7], is fixed integrally to the pipe 11 by fixing elements 52 forming welding and degumming. Such a configuration makes it possible to fluidly isolate the housing 26. The second plate 69 extends substantially perpendicular to the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11.

[0175] [Fig.6] and [Fig.7] show that the bent portions 41 of the pipe 11 are provided in the base. The bent portions 41 are mainly transverse in extension as shown in [Fig.7].

[0176] [Fig. 7] shows that the second plate 69 comprises the orifices 390 crossed by the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11. In particular, [Fig. 7] shows that at the level of the pipe 11, immediately adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the pipe 11 are arranged in a staggered manner. The transversely extending bent portions 41 are, in a similar manner, arranged in a staggered manner. An insert 701 of [Fig. 7] shows in detail the arrangement of three adjacent linear portions 39 considered in two collateral planes 46, 47 of the pipe 11. In this case, centers 75 of each of these three adjacent linear portions 39, taken at the level of a longitudinal extension axis 48 specific to each linear portion 39, are equidistant.

[0177] [Fig. 6] shows that the housing 26 is delimited by the first plate 68, the second plate 69 and the cylindrical casing 27 of the tank 17. In this configuration, it is understood that the main segment 19 is partially immersed in the refrigerant fluid 15. In particular, only the linear portions 39, included between the plates, are intended to be immersed in the refrigerant fluid 15. In the second embodiment variant, the bent portions 41 are not immersed in the refrigerant fluid 15, unlike the bent portions 40 of the first embodiment variant. In this case, the bent portions 41 are included in the first base 32 and the second base 33.

[0178] [Fig.7] shows that the second plate 69 and the second base 33 comprise a fixing system 76 for fixing the second plate 69 to the tank 17. The fixing system 76 comprises perforations 77 arranged on the periphery of the second plate 69 and distributed uniformly. The fixing system 76 for fixing the second plate 69 to the tank 17 is, in this case, of the manhole type. The fixing system 76 also makes it possible to fix the second plate 69 and the second base 33 together, so as to make the bent portions 41 arranged in the second base 33 and the orifices 390 passed through by the linear portions 39 of the pipe 11 coincide.

[0179] The second embodiment illustrated in [Fig.5] further shows that the tank 17 is supported by a support frame 70. The support frame 70 comprises a cradle 71 in an arc of a circle, the cradle 71 supporting the tank 17 and fitting the lower part of the tank 17, a frame 72 intended to be placed on a floor, reinforcing crosspieces 73 of the frame 72 extending across said frame 72, and support legs 74 extending vertically and connecting the cradle 71 to the frame 72 to which they are fixedly fixed. The support frame 70 is configured to stabilize the tank 17. understands that the tank 17 can be moved by its lifting hoops 66, 67 to be deposited or removed from the cradle 71 of the support frame 70.

[0180] [Fig. 8] shows an implementation of the invention. In particular, [Fig. 8] illustrates a circulation of the flow of must within the pipe 11 of the invention in its second embodiment variant. The must circulating within the pipe 11 is represented by the solid arrows 100. The must, entering the pipe 11 via the flow inlet orifice 6, is shown circulating in three linear portions 39, each being immersed in the refrigerant fluid 15 contained in the housing 26. For each linear portion 39, one of the opposite ends 43 passes through the second plate 69, the linear portions 39 being connected to each other by one of the bent portions 41 formed in the second base 33, only one of the bent portions 41 being represented in [Fig. 8]. A seal 78, between the second base 33 and the second plate 69, ensures a sealed connection between the second base 33 and the second plate 69.

[0181] [Fig.9] illustrates a method 80 for heat treatment of a food product. The method 80 comprises a heat treatment step 81 implementing the heat exchanger 2 according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0182] [Fig.9] shows that the method 80 according to the third aspect of the invention comprises a step 82 of pressing fruit to obtain a must, followed by a step 83 of stabilizing the must in the tank 300, a step 84 of circulating the must in the heat exchanger 2 concomitant with the step 81 of heat treatment of the must in the heat exchanger 2, followed by a step 85 of storing the heat-treated must.

[0183] [Fig.9] shows that the heat treatment step 81 of the must may comprise a first passage 86 of the must in the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 and a second passage 87 of the same must in the main segment 19 of the pipe 11, a passage 88 of the must in the tank 300 being intermediate to the first passage 86 and to the second passage 87.

[0184] [Fig.9] shows that the method 80 according to the third aspect of the invention further comprises a step 88 of heat discharge of the refrigerant fluid 15. During the step 88 of heat discharge, a flow of concessionary water, circulating in the pipe 11 previously emptied of the must, makes it possible to modify the physical state of the refrigerant fluid 15 so as to be able to initiate a new step 81 of heat treatment of a new must resulting from a new pressing step 82.

[0185] In summary, the invention relates to a heat exchanger 2 configured to passively thermally treat a food product. The heat exchanger 2 comprises a pipe 11, at least one structure 12, 13, 14 for supporting the pipe 11, a refrigerant fluid 15 of the phase change material type 16, a tank 17 for heat treatment delimiting a housing 26, the housing 26 being intended to house the refrigerant fluid 15, the support structure 12, 13, 14 and the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 carried by the support structure 12, 13, 14, the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 being intended to be immersed, at least in part, in the refrigerant fluid 15. The pipe 11 is intended for the passage of a flow of the food product. The main segment 19 extending between a flow inlet orifice 6 and a flow outlet orifice 7. The at least one pipe support structure 12, 13, 14 is configured to support the main segment 19 of the pipe 11 and is configured to be fixedly fixed to said main segment 19 by fixing elements 52.

[0186] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the different characteristics, forms, variants and embodiments of the invention can be associated with each other in various combinations insofar as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described above can be combined with each other.

Claims

Claims

1. A heat exchanger (2) configured to passively heat treat a food product, the heat exchanger (2) comprising: • (i) a pipe (11) intended for the passage of a flow, in particular a flow of the food product, the pipe (11) comprising a main segment (19) extending between a flow inlet orifice (6) and a flow outlet orifice (7); • (ii) at least one pipe (11) support structure (12, 13, 14) configured to support the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) and configured to be securely fixed to said main segment (19) by fixing elements (52); • (iii) a refrigerant fluid (15) of the phase change material type (16), the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being intended to be, at least in part, immersed in the refrigerant fluid (15);• (iv) a heat treatment tank (17) delimiting a housing (26), the housing (26) being intended to house the refrigerant fluid (15), the at least one support structure (12, 13, 14) and the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) carried by the at least one support structure (12, 13, 14).;

2. Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 1, wherein the pipe (11), taken at the main segment (19) of the pipe (11), comprises an internal surface (37) opposite an external surface (38), the internal surface (37) being intended to be in contact with the flow of food product, and the external surface (38) being intended to be in contact with the refrigerant fluid (15), the external surface (38) delimiting a heat exchange surface of between 1.5 square meters and 0.5 square meters for a quantity of refrigerant fluid (15) of between 150 and 50 kg.

3. Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the conduit (11) comprises linear portions (39) and bent portions (40, 41) fixed integrally to each other by a fixing device (42), each portion linear (39) having its opposite ends (43) each fixed to a bent portion (40, 41), the linear portions (39) of the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being distant from each other so as to be distributed relatively homogeneously in the housing (26).

4. Heat exchanger (2) according to the preceding claim, in which the linear portions (39) each extend along a longitudinal extension axis (48), the linear portions (39) of the main segment (19) of the pipe (11) being arranged relative to each other so that their longitudinal extension axes (48) are distributed in at least two distinct planes, an upper plane (49) and a lower plane (50).

5. Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one structure (13, 14) for supporting the pipe (11) takes the form of a plate intended to support the pipe (11).

6. Heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a reservoir (300) in fluid communication with the conduit (11), the reservoir (300) being intended to house and stabilize the food product intended to circulate in flow in the conduit (11).

7. A heat exchanger (2) according to any preceding claim, comprising circulation means (10) for circulating the flow in the conduit (11).

8. A heat exchanger (2) according to any preceding claim, wherein the phase change material (16) comprises glycerol.

9. Heat treatment device (1) for a food product, the heat treatment device (1) being configured to heat treat a flow of food product, the device comprising: • (i) the heat exchanger (2) according to any one of the preceding claims; • (ii) a food product storage compartment (3) intended to store the food product heat treated by the heat exchanger (2). 36

10. A method (80) of heat treatment of a food product, the method (80) comprising a step of heat treatment (81) by the heat exchanger (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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