High sensitivity polarized relay type electromagnetic trigger and associated differential electrical equipment
The electromagnetic trigger design addresses air gap-dependent impedance issues by using parallel frame sections and variable reluctance, ensuring consistent performance and cost-effective manufacturing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023007845
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing electromagnetic triggers suffer from impedance that depends heavily on air gaps, leading to inconsistent performance and increased manufacturing costs due to the need for sorting and symmetry requirements.
A polarized electromagnetic trigger design with a closed magnetic circuit that minimizes air gap dependence by using parallel frame sections and loop branches with variable reluctance, controlled by the magnetomotive force of the coil, allowing for consistent performance without perfect symmetry and eliminating air gaps.
The design achieves reduced sensitivity to air gaps, enabling consistent triggering power and simplified manufacturing by minimizing air gap impedance, while maintaining stability and reliability.
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Electromagnetic trigger of the high-sensitivity polarized relay type and associated differential electrical apparatus
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic triggers of the high sensitivity polarized relay type.
[0002] Publication FR2987493 describes a polarized electromagnetic trigger which has the particularity of comprising a magnet positioned in the vicinity of the leg of the armature opposite the proximal leg of the pivot point of the movable pallet. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the electromagnetic trigger has an impedance which depends mainly on the air gaps. This results in a lack of control over the behavior of the electromagnetic trigger and consequently of the scrap. To limit this scrap, it is known to create impedance classes which however requires sorting of the electromagnetic triggers and therefore undesirable additional costs.
[0003] Publication FR2021190 illustrates an electromagnetic trigger which has the particularity of having an armature comprising at least one closed loop surrounded by the coil, which closed loop forms a closed magnetic circuit without an air gap. This arrangement makes it possible to prevent the electromagnetic trigger from having an impedance which depends mainly on the air gaps. The structure proposed in this publication has the particularity of being non-polarized. However, this electromagnetic trigger must have perfect symmetry so that the triggering power is identical regardless of the direction of the current. In addition, this trigger includes an air shunt and therefore another air gap, and consequently a large air gap appears when the trigger opens.
[0004] The present invention aims to overcome at least one of these drawbacks and to propose a solution having an impedance which depends to a minor extent on the air gaps.
[0005] To this end, the invention relates to an electromagnetic trigger of the high-sensitivity polarized relay type comprising at least:
[0006] - an armature comprising at least a first and a second polar surface coplanar and comprising at least one closed loop surrounded by a coil, which closed loop forming at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap,
[0007] - a movable pallet configured to be in an untriggered position of the die electromagnetic trigger being in contact with said at least first and second coplanar polar surfaces so as to close a magnetic circuit comprising said armature and the movable pallet,
[0008] - a return spring configured to exert a return force on said pallet mobile,
[0009] - a permanent magnet mounted on said armature and being configured to generate a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit to subject the moving pallet to an attractive force in a direction opposite to that of the restoring force,
[0010] the electromagnetic trigger is characterized in that:
[0011] - said frame comprises at least a first frame section, a second reinforcement section and at least one loop branch,
[0012] - the first frame section preferably U-shaped comprising a first arm having a first reluctance and a second arm having a second reluctance connected in series by a first base comprising the first polar surface,
[0013] - the second frame section preferably U-shaped comprising a third arm having a third reluctance and a fourth arm having a fourth reluctance connected in series by a second base having the second polar surface,
[0014] - the first frame section and the second frame section forming two branches of the magnetic circuit mounted in parallel and being distant from each other and connected to each other by the magnet and / or by a first spacer located between the first arm and the third arm and a second spacer located between the second arm and the fourth arm,
[0015] - said at least one loop branch being mounted in parallel at the level of the third arm and / or the fourth arm and having a branch reluctance so as to form said at least one closed loop forming said at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil.
[0016] The invention also relates to a differential electrical apparatus comprising said electromagnetic trigger according to the invention.
[0017] The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to several preferred embodiments, given as non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
[0018] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] represents a perspective view of the magnetic circuit of the die electromagnetic trigger according to a first possibility of a first variant embodiment according to the invention,
[0019] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] represents a reluctant diagram of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic trigger according to a first possibility of a first variant embodiment according to the invention,
[0020] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] represents a perspective view of the electromagnetic trigger according to a second possibility of the first variant embodiment according to the invention in the non-triggered position,
[0021] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] represents a perspective view of the electromagnet trigger genetics according to a second possibility of the first embodiment variant according to the invention in the triggered position,
[0022] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] represents a perspective view of the electromagnetic trigger according to a second variant embodiment according to the invention in the untriggered position, and
[0023] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] represents a perspective view of the electromagnetic trigger according to the second embodiment variant according to the invention in the triggered position.
[0024] The invention relates to an electromagnetic trigger of the high sensitivity polarized relay type comprising at least:
[0025] - a frame 1 comprising at least a first and a second surface coplanar polars 2, 3 and comprising at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b surrounded by a coil B, which closed loop 4; 4a, 4b forming at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap,
[0026] - a movable pallet 5 configured to be in an untriggered position PI of the die electromagnetic trigger being in contact with said at least first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3 so as to close a magnetic circuit comprising said armature 1 and the movable pallet 5,
[0027] - a return spring configured to exert a return force on said pallet mobile 5,
[0028] - a permanent magnet A mounted on said armature 1 and being configured to generate a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit to subject the movable pallet 5 to an attractive force in a direction opposite to that of the restoring force.
[0029] According to the invention, the electromagnetic trigger is characterized in that:
[0030] - said frame 1 comprises at least a first frame section 6, a second armature section 7 and at least one loop branch 8; 8a, 8b,
[0031] - the first frame section 6 preferably U-shaped comprising a first arm 9 having a first reluctance RI and a second arm 10 having a second reluctance R2 connected in series by a first base 11 comprising the first polar surface 2,
[0032] - the second frame section 7 preferably U-shaped comprising a third arm 12 having a third reluctance R3, R3', R3' and a fourth arm 13 having a fourth reluctance R4', R4, R4' connected in series by a second base 14 comprising the second polar surface 3,
[0033] - the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7 forming two branches of the magnetic circuit mounted in parallel and being distant from each other and connected to each other by the magnet A and / or by a first spacer 15 located between the first arm 9 and the third arm 12 and a second spacer 16 located between the second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13,
[0034] - said at least one loop branch 8; 8a, 8b being mounted in parallel at the level of the third arm 12 and / or of the fourth arm 13 and having a branch reluctance R3”, R4”; (R3”, R4”) so as to form said at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b forming said at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance R3(NIbob), R4(NIbob); (R3(NIbob), R4(NIbob)) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil B.
[0035] This configuration makes it possible to propose a polarized electromagnetic trip device whose impedance will be relatively insensitive to air gaps. Indeed, when the coil B is supplied with current, it mainly sees said at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit of variable reluctance R3(NIbob) composed of the third reluctance R3' and the branch reluctance R3” and / or of variable reluctance R4(NIbob) composed of the fourth reluctance R4' and the branch reluctance R4”. Only a small quantity of the magnetic flux generated by the coil B supplied with current thus passes through the air gaps of the electromagnetic trip device. In this way, the impedance of the electromagnetic trip device depends mainly on the third reluctance R3' and the branch reluctance R3” and / or on the fourth reluctance R4' and the branch reluctance R4” and very little on the air gaps.This configuration does not require perfect symmetry as is the case in the prior art to make it non-polarized, which facilitates its manufacture. Indeed, the configuration according to the invention is polarized. Finally, it also does not include a shunt as is the case in the prior art, which limits the creation of an air gap. Thus, magnet A always sees a magnetic circuit.
[0036] According to the invention, said one loop branch 8 can be in parallel at the level of the third arm 12 and has a branch reluctance R3” so as to form a closed loop 4 forming the closed magnetic circuit portion without air gap which has a variable reluctance R3(NIbob) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil B and which is composed of the third reluctance R3' and the branch reluctance R3” in parallel. In this case, the coil B can make it possible to vary the single variable reluctance R3(NIbob) (figures 3 and 4).
[0037] Alternatively according to the invention, said one loop branch 8 is in parallel at the level of the fourth arm 13 and has a branch reluctance R4” of so as to form a closed loop 4 forming the portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance R4(Nibob) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nibob induced by the coil B and which is composed of the fourth reluctance R4' and the branch reluctance R4' ' in parallel. In this case, the coil B can allow the variable reluctance R4(Nibob) alone to be varied (figures 1 and 2).
[0038] Alternatively according to the invention, said first loop branch 8a is in parallel at the level of the third arm 12 and has a branch reluctance R3” so as to form a first closed loop 4a forming a first portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance R3(Nibob) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nibob induced by the coil B and which is composed of the third reluctance R3' and the branch reluctance R3” in parallel and said second loop branch 8b is in parallel at the level of the fourth arm 13 and has a branch reluctance R4” so as to form a second closed loop 4b forming a second portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance R4(Nibob) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nibob induced by the coil B and which is composed of the fourth reluctance R4' and the branch reluctance R4” in parallel.In this case, a single coil B can be used to vary the two variable reluctances R3(Nibob) and R4(Nibob) (figures 5 and 6).
[0039] Preferably, the magnetic circuit subjected to the magnetic flux of the magnet NIaim is configured so that the magnetomotive force exerted on the movable pallet NIpal is proportional to NTnim ( / WNlbob) ya \ or to ( Æ3+Æ4(NIbob) ' WÎ+Æ2 / ( R4 R2 \ OR to Njnjm . / 7?4(NIbob) R2 \. \ ) luuun \ Æ3(NIbobXÆ4(NIbob) «1+À2 /
[0040] Advantageously, thanks to this configuration it is possible to control the magnetic flux which crosses the movable pallet 5 from the value of the current supplying the coil B. Indeed, the arrangement of the armature 1 and the movable pallet 5 makes it possible to construct a magnetic circuit with a reluctant diagram on the basis of an analogy with a WEASTHONE bridge which is well known in the technical field of electrical engineering. In addition, the particular configuration of the armature 1 forming a bridge makes it possible to maximize the magnetic flux in a limited volume. In the example of figures 1 and 2, NIpal is proportional to Niaim. -R4(Nlbob) _ R2 , in the example of figures 3 and 4 NIpal is proportional to NJ ni™. / R4 R2 , in the example of figures 5 and 6 NIpal is propor- iNiattfi- (œ^NIbob)+R4 " / tional to / Æ4(Nlbob) rz \ ivi Limi y #3(NIbob> / M(NIbob) «1+Æ2 )
[0041] In practice, the reluctant diagram of the magnetic circuit which is subjected to the magnetic flux of the magnet NIaim is preferably in the form of a bridge circuit comprising the first reluctance RI, the second reluctance R2, the third reluctance R3, R3', R3' and the fourth reluctance R4', R4, R4' which are connected between four nodes NA, NB, NC and ND, namely the first reluctance is arranged between the node NA and the node NB, the second reluctance R2 is arranged between the node NB and the node NC, the third reluctance R3, R3', R3 is arranged between the node NA and the node ND and the fourth reluctance R4', R4, R4' is arranged between the node ND and the node NC.The reluctance of the moving vane Rpal and the magnetomotive force NIpal of the moving vane 5 are located between the node NB and the node ND with the reluctance of the air gap of the first pole surface Re_l close to the node NB and the reluctance of the air gap of the second pole surface Re_2 close to the node ND. The branch reluctance R3”, R4”; (R3”, R4”) in series with the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil B is connected in parallel with the third reluctance R3' and / or the fourth reluctance R4'.
[0042] Preferably, in the absence of current supplying the coil B, said variable reluctance R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0); (R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0)) of said at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b is chosen so that the magnetomotive force NIpal makes it possible to counter the return force of the return spring.
[0043] Advantageously, if the coil B is not supplied with current and therefore Nlbob=0, in said at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b the value of the variable reluctance R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0); (R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0)) can be chosen so that the bridge is unbalanced and a sufficient magnetic flux passes through the movable pallet 5 so that the magnetomotive force NIpal counters the return force of the return spring so as to maintain the movable pallet 5 in contact with the first and second polar surfaces 2, 3. As a result, the stability of the electromagnetic trigger is ensured in the untriggered position PL
[0044] Preferably, in the presence of a fault current supplying the coil B, said variable reluctance R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(Nibob=NIfault); (R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(NIbob=NIfault)) of said at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b is chosen so that the magnetomotive force NIpal is no longer sufficient to counter the return force of the return spring.
[0045] Advantageously, the opening of the electromagnetic trigger is possible when the magnetic flux passing through the movable pallet 5 decreases sufficiently so that the magnetomotive force NIpal can no longer sufficiently oppose the return force so as to break the balance between these two forces and no longer maintain the movable pallet 5 in contact with the first and second polar surfaces 2, 3. This is possible by balancing the bridge by modifying the value of the return variable reluctance R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(Nibob=NIfault); R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(NIbob=NIfault)) in said at least one closed loop 4; 4a, 4b crossed by the magnetic flux of the coil B supplied by the fault current in the event of the occurrence of the fault current Ifault. The notion of balance is understood to mean seeking that the reluctance ratio, R3 / (R3+R4) approaches the reluctance ratio R1 / (R1+R2) without necessarily reducing the magnetomotive force NIpal to 0.
[0046] According to a first variant embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, said armature 1 comprises a single first closed loop 4 with the loop branch 8 mounted on the third arm 12 (Figures 3 and 4) or the fourth arm 13 ([Fig.l]) of the second armature section 7, the loop branch 8 being surrounded at least in part by the coil B.
[0047] According to a second variant embodiment illustrated in Figures 5 to 6, said armature 1 comprises a first closed loop 4a with a first loop branch 8a mounted on the third arm 12 and a second closed loop 4b with a second loop branch 8b mounted on the fourth arm 13 of the second armature section 7, the first loop branch and the second loop branch 8a, 8b being surrounded at least in part by the coil B.
[0048] This configuration according to the second embodiment variant makes it possible to increase the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil B, but has the disadvantage that the internal diameter of the coil B is larger and that therefore the coil B has fewer turns.
[0049] Preferably, said magnet A connects the first arm 9 and the second arm 10 of the first armature section 6 and the third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 of the second armature section 7.
[0050] Preferably, said magnet A is surrounded between the first arm 9 and the second arm 10 of the first armature section 6 and between the third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 of the second armature section 7 to form a shield against electromagnetic disturbances.
[0051] Advantageously, this shielding makes it possible to limit electromagnetic disturbances and the risks of drift.
[0052] Preferably, the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7 are parallel to each other and preferably the first spacer 15 is located between the ends of the first arm 9 and the third arm 12 and preferably the second spacer 16 is located between the ends of the second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13.
[0053] Preferably and as illustrated in Figures 1, 6 and 5, the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7 are parallel to each other and the first spacer 15 is located between the ends of the first arm 9 and the third arm 12 and the second spacer 16 is located between the ends of the second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13.
[0054] Alternatively, and as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the first armature section 6 and the second armature section 7 are parallel to each other and the ends of the first arm 9 and the third arm 12 are not connected to each other directly but indirectly by the magnet A and the ends of the second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13 are not connected to each other directly but indirectly by the magnet A.
[0055] Advantageously, this solution illustrated in figures 3 and 4 facilitates the manufacture of the frame 1 because it requires fewer folding operations and the magnet A is used to make the connection between the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7.
[0056] Preferably, the movable pallet 5 is pivotally mounted on the closed loop 4; 4a, 4b by a pivot connection.
[0057] In this case, preferably the closed loop 4; 4a, 4b comprises at least one projection 17 comprising a third polar surface 18, the first, second, third polar surfaces being coplanar 2, 3, 18 and the pivot connection rests on the third polar surface 18.
[0058] Advantageously, in the non-triggered position PI of the electromagnetic trigger illustrated in Figures 3 and 5, the movable vane 5 is in contact with said at least first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 so as to close the magnetic circuit comprising said armature 1 and the movable vane 5. In the so-called triggered or open position illustrated in Figures 4 and 6, the movable vane 5 is pivoted and is at a distance from said first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3.
[0059] Preferably, said armature 1 and the movable pallet 5 are made of high permeability magnetic materials, such as for example FeNi.
[0060] Preferably, said magnet A is made of a ferromagnetic material, for example an AINiCo alloy, or ferrite.
[0061] Magnet A preferably has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped ([Fig.l]) or a pyramid with a truncated square base (figures 3 to 6) or a cylindrical base (not shown).
[0062] Preferably, said frame 1 is formed from at least one folded plate. This configuration facilitates the manufacture of the frame 1.
[0063] Preferably, said frame 1 is a single piece. If the frame 1 comprises the first spacer 15 and the second spacer 16 then these are an integral part of the frame 1 and are not parts added between the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7. This configuration facilitates the manufacture of the frame 1 (figures 1, 5 and 6).
[0064] In an alternative variant not preferred and not shown, the first spacer 15 and the second spacer 16 are parts added between the first frame section 6 and the second frame section 7.
[0065] Preferably and alternatively, said armature 1 is composed of two parts and does not include the first spacer 15 and the second spacer 16. The first armature section 6 forms the first part and the second armature section 7 forms the second part and these are connected by the magnet A (figures 3 and 4).
[0066] Preferably, the movable pallet 5 has the shape of a bar of rectangular section (figures 1, 3 to 6) or square (not shown) preferably straight or Y-shaped (not shown).
[0067] The single closed loop 4 or the first closed loop 4a or the second closed loop 4b preferably has a general square (not shown) or rectangular (figures 1, 3 to 6) or circular (not shown) shape.
[0068] Preferably, the first loop branch 8a mounted on the third arm 12 and the second loop branch 8b mounted on the fourth arm 13 are of identical or similar shape and dimension and are joined and joined.
[0069] Preferably, the first arm 9 and the third arm 12 are adjacent, and of identical or similar shape and are contained in a first plane. The second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13 are adjacent, of identical or similar size and shape and are contained in a second plane parallel and distinct from the first plane.
[0070] In this case, preferably, the single closed loop 4 or the first closed loop 4a or the second closed loop 4b is contained in a loop plane which is parallel to the first and second planes, as illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 and preferably the first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 are all aligned on the same straight line.
[0071] Alternatively, the single closed loop 4 is contained in a loop plane which is perpendicular to the first and second planes as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 and preferably only the first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3 are aligned and the third coplanar surface 18 is arranged along a secant line preferentially orthogonal to the segment connecting the first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3.
[0072] [Fig.l] represents the electromagnetic trigger according to the first possibility of the first embodiment variant according to the invention which shows that said armature 1 comprises a single closed loop 4 with the loop branch 8 mounted on the fourth arm 13 of the second armature section 7, the loop branch 8 being surrounded at least in part by the coil B. The closed loop 4 comprises a projection 17 comprising the third polar surface 18, the first, second, third polar surfaces being coplanar 2, 3, 18 and the pivot connection rests on the third polar surface 18. The first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 are all aligned. The electromagnetic trip device is in the untriggered position PI with the movable vane 5 in contact with said first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 so as to close the magnetic circuit comprising said armature 1. The first armature section 6 is U-shaped and comprises the first arm 9 and the second arm 10 connected in series by the first base 11. The first arm 9 and the second arm 10 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The second armature section 7 is U-shaped and comprises the third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 connected in series by the second base 14. The third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The first arm 9 and the third arm 12 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the first plane.The second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the second plane parallel and distinct from the first plane. The single closed loop 4 is contained in a loop plane which is parallel to the first and second planes. The ends of the first arm 9, the second arm 10, the third arm 12, the fourth arm 13, the first spacer 15 and the second spacer 16 surround the magnet A so as to form two reluctance air gaps Re_aiml and Re_aim2. The magnet A has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
[0073] [Fig.2] represents the diagram of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic trigger according to the first possibility of the first embodiment variant according to the invention. A first part of this diagram illustrates a magnet branch which shows the magnetic flux NIaim generated by the magnet A and the reluctance of the magnet Raim and at the ends of this magnet branch are represented the two air gap reluctances Re_aiml and Re_aim 2. A second part of this diagram illustrates a bridge assembly comprising the first reluctance RI, the second reluctance R2, the third reluctance R3 and the fourth reluctance R4 which are connected between four nodes, namely the first reluctance is arranged between the node NA and the node NB, the second reluctance R2 is arranged between the node NB and the node NC, the third reluctance R3 is arranged between the node NA and the node ND and the fourth reluctance R4 is arranged between the node ND and the node NC.The reluctance of the moving vane Rpal and the magnetomotive force NIpal of the moving vane 5 are located between the node NB and the node ND with the reluctance of the air gap of the first polar surface Re_l near the node NB and the reluctance of the air gap of the second polar surface Re_2 near the node ND. The branch reluctance R4' ' in series with the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil B is connected in parallel with the fourth reluctance R4 thus forming the closed magnetic circuit portion without air gap of variable reluctance R4(NIbob) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nlbob. induced by coil B.
[0074] [Fig. 3] represents the perspective view of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic trip device according to the second possibility of the first embodiment variant according to the invention in the untriggered position PI, which shows that said armature 1 comprises a single closed loop 4 with the loop branch 8 mounted on the third arm 12 of the second armature section 7, the loop branch 8 being intended to be surrounded at least in part by the coil B. The closed loop 4 comprises a projection 17 comprising the third polar surface 18, the first, second, third polar surfaces being coplanar 2, 3, 18 and the pivot connection rests on the third polar surface 18. Only the first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, are aligned.The electromagnetic trigger is in the untriggered position PI with the movable vane 5 in contact with the first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 so as to close the magnetic circuit comprising said armature 1. The first armature section 6 is U-shaped and comprises the first arm 9 and the second arm 10 connected in series by the first base 11. The first arm 9 and the second arm 10 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The second armature section 7 is U-shaped and comprises the third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 connected in series by the second base 14. The third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The first arm 9 and the third arm 12 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the first plane.The second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the second plane parallel and distinct from the first plane. The single closed loop 4 is contained in a loop plane which is perpendicular to the first and second planes. The ends of the first arm 9, the second arm 10, the third arm 12, and the fourth arm 13, are flared and surround the magnet A. The magnet A has a shape of a pyramid with a truncated square base.
[0075] [Fig.4] represents the electromagnetic trigger according to the second possibility of the first embodiment variant according to the invention in the triggered position P2, the movable pallet 5 is pivoted and is at a distance from said first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3.
[0076] [Fig. 5] represents the electromagnetic trip device according to a second embodiment variant according to the invention in the non-triggered position PI, which shows that said armature 1 comprises a first closed loop 4a with a first loop branch 8a mounted on the third arm 12 and a second closed loop 4b with a second loop branch 8b mounted on the fourth arm 13 of the second armature section 7, the first loop branch and the second loop branch 8a, 8b being intended to be surrounded at least in part by the coil B. The first loop branch 8a mounted on the third arm 12 and the second loop branch 8b mounted on the fourth arm 13 are of identical shape and are joined and joined. The first closed loop 4a and the second closed loop 4b each comprise a projection 17 comprising the third polar surface 18, the first, second, third polar surfaces being coplanar 2, 3, 18 and the pivot connection rests on the third polar surface 18. The first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 are all aligned. The electromagnetic trip device is in the untriggered position PI with the movable vane 5 in contact with said first, second, third coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3, 18 so as to close the magnetic circuit comprising said armature 1. The first armature section 6 is U-shaped and comprises the first arm 9 and the second arm 10 connected in series by the first base 11.The first arm 9 and the second arm 10 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The second frame section 7 is U-shaped and has the third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 connected in series by the second base 14. The third arm 12 and the fourth arm 13 are opposite each other and are of identical shape. The first arm 9 and the third arm 12 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the first plane. The second arm 10 and the fourth arm 13 are adjacent and of identical shape and are contained in the second plane parallel to and distinct from the first plane. The single closed loop 4 is contained in a loop plane which is parallel to the first and second planes. The ends of the first arm 9, the second arm 10, the third arm 12, the fourth arm 13, the first spacer 15 and the second spacer 16 are flared and surround the magnet A.Magnet A has the shape of a pyramid with a truncated square base.
[0077] [Fig.6] represents the electromagnetic trigger according to the second embodiment variant according to the invention in the triggered position P2, the movable pallet 5 is pivoted and is at a distance from said first and second coplanar polar surfaces 2, 3.
[0078] The invention also relates to a differential electrical apparatus comprising said electromagnetic trip device according to the invention and as described previously.
[0079] The differential electrical equipment may be, for example, of the differential circuit breaker type known as RCBO, differential switch known as RCCB, differential block known as AOB.
[0080] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the attached drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims
Claims
1. High sensitivity polarized relay type electromagnetic trigger comprising at least: - an armature (1) comprising at least a first and a second coplanar polar surfaces (2, 3) and comprising at least one closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) surrounded by a coil (B), which closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) forms at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap, - a movable pallet (5) configured to be in contact with said at least first and second coplanar polar surfaces (2, 3) in a non-triggered position (PI) of the electromagnetic trigger so as to close a magnetic circuit comprising said armature (1) and the movable pallet (5), - a return spring configured to exert a return force on said movable pallet (5), - a permanent magnet (A) mounted on said armature (1) and being configured to generate a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit to subject the movable pallet (5) to an attractive force in a direction opposite to that of the restoring force, the electromagnetic trigger is characterized in that: - said frame (1) comprises at least a first frame section (6), a second frame section (7) and at least one loop branch (8; 8a, 8b), - the first armature section (6) preferably U-shaped comprising a first arm (9) having a first reluctance (RI) and a second arm (10) having a second reluctance (R2) connected in series by a first base (11) comprising the first polar surface (2), - the second armature section (7) preferably U-shaped comprising a third arm (12) having a third reluctance (R3, R3', R3') and a fourth arm (13) having a fourth reluctance (R4', R4, R4') connected in series by a second base (14) comprising the second polar surface (3), the first armature section (6) and the second armature section (7) forming two branches of the magnetic circuit mounted in parallel and being distant from each other and connected to each other by the magnet (A) and / or by a first spacer (15) located between the first arm (9) and the third arm (12) and a second spacer (16) located between the second arm (10) and the fourth arm (13), said at least one loop branch (8; 8a, 8b) being mounted in parallel at the third arm (12) and / or the fourth arm (13) and having a branch reluctance (R3”, R4”; (R3”, R4”)) so as to form said at least one closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) forming said at least one portion of closed magnetic circuit without air gap which has a variable reluctance (R3(NIbob), R4(NIbob); R3(NIbob), R4(NIbob)) which is a function of the magnetomotive force Nlbob induced by the coil (B).
2. Electromagnetic trigger according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic circuit subjected to the magnetic flux of the magnet NIaim is configured so that the magnetomotive force exerted on the movable pallet NIpal is proportional to NJnim • (....._ ....£2..... 3 or to < A3+A4(NIbob) À1+Æ2 / NIaim ■ ( —■— ----or a lyiaim \ R3{Nlboi))+R4 / U+Æ2 / NIaim- (______V LNi uitn Æ3(NIbob>R4(NIbob) Æ1+Æ2 /
3. Electromagnetic trigger according to claim 2, characterized in that in the absence of current supplying the coil (B), said variable reluctance (R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0); (R3(NIbob=0), R4(NIbob=0))) of said at least one closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) is chosen so that the magnetomotive force NIpal makes it possible to counter the return force of the return spring.
4. Electromagnetic trip device according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that in the presence of a fault current supplying the coil (B), said variable reluctance (R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(Nibob=NIfault); R3(NIbob=NIfault), R4(NIbob=NIfault)) of said at least one closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) is chosen so that the magnetomotive force NIpal is no longer sufficient to counteract the restoring force of the return spring.
5. Electromagnetic trigger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said armature (1) comprises a single first closed loop (4) with the loop branch (8) mounted on the third arm (12) or the fourth arm (13) of the second armature section (7), the loop branch (8) being surrounded at least in part by the coil (B).
6. Electromagnetic trigger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said armature (1) comprises a first closed loop (4a) with a first loop branch (8a) mounted on the third arm (12) and a second closed loop (4b) with a second loop branch (8b) mounted on the fourth arm (13) of the second armature section (7), the first loop branch and the second loop branch (8a, 8b) being surrounded at least in part by the coil (B).
7. Electromagnetic trigger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said magnet (A) connects the first arm (9) and the second arm (10) of the first armature section (6) and the third arm (12) and the fourth arm (13) of the second armature section (7).
8. Electromagnetic trigger according to claim 7, characterized in that said magnet (A) is surrounded between the first arm (9) and the second arm (10) of the first armature section (6) and between the third arm (12) and the fourth arm (13) of the second armature section (7) to form a shield against electromagnetic disturbances.
9. Electromagnetic trigger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first armature section (6) and the second armature section (7) are parallel to each other and in that preferably the first spacer (15) is located between the ends of the first arm (9) and the third arm (12) and preferably the second spacer (16) is located between the ends of the second arm (10) and the fourth arm (13).
10. Electromagnetic trigger according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the movable vane (5) is pivotally mounted on the closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) by a pivot connection.
11. Electromagnetic trigger according to claim 10, characterized in that the closed loop (4; 4a, 4b) comprises at least one projection (17) comprising a third polar surface (18), the first, second, third polar surfaces being coplanar (2, 3, 18) and in that the pivot connection rests on the third polar surface (18).
12. Differential electrical apparatus comprising said electromagnetic trip device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.