Vegetated wall with integrated formwork and manufacturing process for such a wall

Abstract

A vegetated wall (1) with integrated formwork, comprising a load-bearing system (6), at least partially within an internal volume (4) of the wall, so as to separate it into a first zone (41) and a second zone (42), each of said zones (41, 42) being intended to contain at least part of the substrate (S), the structural element (60) comprising at least one through opening (61) providing fluidic communication between the first zone (41) and the second zone (42). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Vegetated wall with integrated formwork and method for manufacturing such a wall. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building, and more specifically to the field of walls with integrated formwork (MCI), prefabricated in a factory before being transported and put in place on a construction site for the construction of any type of building for private or public use, for example for housing, shops or professional premises, or even a decorative work or a work to combat noise and / or pollution.

[0002] More specifically, the invention relates to a vegetated wall with integrated formwork. technological BACKGROUND

[0003] In the building sector, it is known to prefabricate walls with integrated formwork in a factory. Such a wall comprises, in particular, a first skin intended to face outwards from the building, a second skin intended to face inwards from the building, and means for connecting the two skins. Both skins are generally made of concrete. The second skin, in particular, may be a facing layer of concrete or an insulating material such as EPS.

[0004] Such a wall is prefabricated in a factory, from poured concrete, and then transported to its installation site using a specially equipped transport vehicle for loading and unloading the wall, and also for keeping it stable during transport.

[0005] Once installed on the construction site, the formwork wall becomes an integral part of the building. Concrete is then poured to fill the space between the two layers. Document EPI690993 describes an example of such a formwork wall.

[0006] Concrete facades, and more specifically the outer skin, contribute to the mineralization of the building environment. However, urban environments today are highly mineralized, particularly due to the nature of the paving materials, such as bitumen, and the construction of buildings. This tends to create urban heat islands, i.e., areas where heat is stored and then released, especially at night. The temperature of these heat islands is higher in denser areas of population and buildings, contributing to discomfort and increasing health problems for urban residents. In some French cities, overheating can exceed 6°C.

[0007] One known solution is to introduce vegetation into urban environments. This is referred to as bioclimatic design. However, the nature of the ground surfaces complicates Planting vegetation requires changing the nature of the soil, which involves costly work and can cause problems for traffic, particularly for vehicles.

[0008] It is known to provide structures that form supports for plants; these supports can be placed on a mineral surface and offer a substrate for plants. These structures thus make it possible to introduce plants to complement existing vegetation, wherever it is not possible to plant new ones, and allow for the restoration of urban biodiversity as well as the fight against air pollution.

[0009] Thus, for example, we know of elevated structures which, in addition to providing support for plants, also offer shade. We also know of green walls, which allow plants to be supported substantially vertically. An additional advantage of green walls is that they also contribute to providing sound insulation for the building.

[0010] Generally, a green wall comprises an outward-facing façade equipped with means for retaining a substrate and for allowing vegetation to grow and take root in the substrate. The exterior façade then has openings through which the plants emerge.

[0011] An example is known for creating a green wall using a greening system consisting of a set of panels assembled on a metal frame. The panels serve as a support for plants. The greening system is then attached to the front face of a wall.

[0012] A wall with integrated formwork can also be planted with vegetation. Document WO2016 / 142283 describes an example in which the wall comprises two vertical metal posts placed at the ends of the wall, between which an inner and an outer skin are fixed. One of the skins, in this case the outer skin, is, for example, made of metal to provide an enhanced aesthetic effect. Pockets are formed in the metal skin, so that when plant substrate is poured between the two skins, the substrate emerges through the pockets. Plants growing in the pockets are then visible from the outside.

[0013] One drawback of this design is that the resulting wall cannot be used as a load-bearing wall for the building, because the space between the two layers, filled by the substrate, can no longer serve a structural function. While the metal posts can fulfill such a function, this necessarily limits the wall's length. Furthermore, if several of these green walls are placed adjacent to one another, the management of the substrate, and in particular its irrigation, must be implemented on a wall-by-wall basis, making it complex and costly.

[0014] There is therefore a need for a new wall with integrated formwork that overcomes in particular the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0015] A first object of the invention is to propose a wall with integrated vegetated formwork and a load-bearing function.

[0016] A second object of the invention is to provide a wall with integrated formwork which facilitates the management of the substrate.

[0017] A third object of the invention is to provide a wall with integrated formwork offering acoustic and / or thermal insulation.

[0018] A fourth object of the invention is to provide a wall with integrated formwork which does not increase or only slightly increases manufacturing and transport costs.

[0019] A fifth object of the invention is to provide a wall with integrated formwork and an aesthetic appearance. Summary of the invention

[0020] Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a vegetated wall with integrated formwork comprising: • a first skin which includes at least one primary through-opening; • a second skin which is positioned, along a transverse direction, at a determined distance from the first skin; • an internal volume defined between the first skin and the second skin into which at least one primary through opening opens and which is intended to contain at least partly a substrate suitable for the cultivation of plants; • a connection system that is configured to connect the first skin and the second skin.

[0021] The wall includes, in particular, a load-bearing system. This load-bearing system comprises at least one structural element extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, and placed at least partially within the internal volume of the wall so as to separate it into a first zone and a second zone. Each of these zones is intended to contain, at least partially, the substrate. The structural element includes at least one through opening providing fluid communication between the first zone and the second zone.

[0022] Thanks to these arrangements, the wall can have a load-bearing function while ensuring continuity between the first zone and the first, to facilitate irrigation and / or the supply of nutrients in each of the zones.

[0023] Depending on different aspects, it is possible to foresee one and / or the other of the characteristics below taken alone or in combination.

[0024] According to one embodiment, at least one structural element of the load-bearing system may be a concrete column. Alternatively, or in combination, at least one structural element of the load-bearing system may be a metal profile.

[0025] According to one embodiment, at least one structural element may comprise at least a first portion embedded in the first skin or at least a second portion embedded in the second skin.

[0026] According to one embodiment, at least one structural element may comprise at least a first portion embedded in the first skin and at least a second portion embedded in the second skin. Said structural element may then form part of the connection system.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the second skin may be formed at least in part by a panel made of thermal and / or acoustic insulating material. Furthermore, said panel may include at least one stiffening element placed within the thickness of the panel, i.e., in contact with the inner face, in contact with the outer face, or within the thickness away from the inner and outer faces.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the wall may include an irrigation system intended to supply water and / or nutrients to said substrate in the first zone and the second zone of the internal volume of the wall through at least one through-reservation.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the irrigation system may include a porous material extending into the through-reservation.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the porous material can be the substrate.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the irrigation system may include a pipe including an inlet intended to be connected to a water and / or nutrient source, and which extends at least partly into the first zone and partly into the second zone through the through reservation.

[0032] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork as described above. The method then comprises: • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define one of the first skin or the second skin; • a first casting stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute one of the first skin or the second skin; • a first positioning step which consists of positioning the connection means, this inside the first mold and in such a way that part of said connection system is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture; • a first hardening stage which consists of allowing or causing the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold to harden, in order to obtain one of the first skin or the second skin; • a second casting stage which consists of pouring, in a second mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the other of the first skin or the second skin; • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least one of the first skin or the second skin of the connecting system; • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold; • a second hardening stage which consists of making or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold to harden, this to obtain the other of the first skin or the second skin.

[0033] At least one structural element of the supporting system may be a vertical column made of a hydraulic binder-based material associated with a metal reinforcement. Furthermore, after the first casting step before the first curing step, the process may include a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of a first or second portion of the reinforcement within the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold and positioning a column formwork which is configured to define the column within the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the process may further include, after the second casting step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step which consists of implanting the other of the first portion or of the second portion of the reinforcement inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold.

[0035] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork as described above, said method comprising: • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define one of the first skin or the second skin; • a first casting stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute one of the first skin or the second skin; • a first positioning step which consists of positioning the connecting means inside the first mold so that a part of said connection system is embedded within the hydraulic mixture; • a first hardening stage which consists of allowing or causing the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold to harden, in order to obtain one of the first skin or the second skin; • a second casting stage which consists of pouring, in a second mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the other of the first skin or the second skin; • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least one of the first skin or the second skin of the connecting system; • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold; • a second hardening stage which consists of making or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold to harden, this to obtain the other of the first skin or the second skin.

[0036] At least one structural element of the support system is a metal profile. In addition, the process includes, after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of the first or second portions of the profile inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the process may further include, after the second casting step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step which consists of implanting the other of the first portion or of the second portion of the profile inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold.

[0038] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork as described above. The method comprises: • A step in obtaining a panel comprising at least one stiffening element and which is intended to form the second skin; • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the first skin; • a first casting stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin; • a second positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system in the stiffening element of the panel which is intended to form the second skin, and to hold the panel onto the connection system; • a third positioning step, which consists of positioning the connection system inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold; • a first hardening stage, which consists of hardening or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in said first mold to harden, in order to obtain the first skin, • a second step of engaging the connection system with said stiffening element to fix the connection system to the panel.

[0039] At least one structural element of the supporting system is a vertical column made of hydraulic binder-based material associated with a metal reinforcement, and comprising after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of a first portion of the reinforcement inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold and positioning a column formwork, which is configured to define the column, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold. Brief description of the drawings

[0040] Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, briefly described below:

[0041] [Fig. 1] represents a horizontal section of a wall with integrated formwork comprising a load-bearing system, according to an embodiment.

[0042] [Fig.2] represents a vertical section directly above the substrate at the level of the reservations in the carrier system of the [Fig.l].

[0043] [Fig.3] represents a horizontal section of a wall with integrated formwork comprising a load-bearing system, according to another embodiment.

[0044] [Fig.4] represents a partial three-dimensional view of a structural element of the carrier system of the [Fig.3].

[0045] [Fig. 5] represents a horizontal section of a wall with integrated formwork comprising a load-bearing system, according to another embodiment.

[0046] In the drawings, identical references designate identical or similar objects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention finds particular application in the field of building construction and, more specifically, in the factory manufacturing of walls with integrated formwork intended to be installed on a construction site for the execution of a building such as a building, a decorative structure or a structure for combating noise and / or pollution.

[0048] The invention relates more specifically to a vegetated wall 1 with integrated formwork (MCI), meaning that the wall is designed to display vegetation such as plants or shrubs on at least one of its faces. In this document, the vegetated wall with integrated formwork is referred to as "wall 1" for the sake of clarity and simplification.

[0049] Such a wall 1 is also called a "prefabricated wall" because it is partly manufactured in a factory, transported to the site, and then installed on the site to form the wall 1 properly speaking.

[0050] In what follows, a vertical direction is designated, which is taken with reference to the direction of erection of wall 1. The vertical direction of the wall can be considered the natural vertical direction, as shown in the figures, i.e., taken with reference to the ground of the construction site on which wall 1 is intended to be installed. It is understood, however, that the vertical direction of wall 1 may be inclined with respect to the natural vertical direction without this affecting the invention.

[0051] A horizontal plane, substantially orthogonal to the vertical direction of the wall 1, is also designated as the horizontal plane comprising a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to each other.

[0052] In what follows, the vertical, longitudinal and transverse directions are considered to be substantially rectilinear, although they may admit a non-infinite radius of curvature.

[0053] The wall comprises a first skin 2, which is preferably substantially flat, but not necessarily so, and which extends in the vertical and longitudinal directions. The first skin 2 may be made of a hydraulic material such as concrete, as a single-piece or monolithic slab, or comprise a composite material, insulating or non-insulating.

[0054] The first skin 2 has at least one primary through-opening 20, that is, one that extends from a first face 21, called the external face of the first skin 2, to a second face 22, called the internal face of the second skin 2. In practice, the first skin 2 comprises a plurality of primary openings 20 distributed along the vertical and longitudinal directions. As will be explained later, the primary openings 20 may have different shapes and dimensions on the same external face 21.

[0055] The wall 1 further comprises a second skin 3, which is also preferably substantially flat, but not necessarily so, and which extends in the vertical and longitudinal directions. The second skin 3 is positioned, in the transverse direction, at a determined distance from the first skin 2 so as to define an internal volume 4 into which the primary opening(s) 20 open. The distance between the first skin 2 and the second skin 3 can be constant in the vertical and / or longitudinal direction, but not necessarily so. The second skin 3 can also be made of a hydraulic material such as concrete, as a single-piece or monolithic slab, or comprise a composite material, insulating or non-insulating.

[0056] The second skin 3 also includes a first face 31 called external, oriented outside the volume 4, and a second face 32 called internal, oriented towards the inside of the volume 4, and facing the internal face 22 of the first skin 2.

[0057] Optionally, the second skin 3 may also include one or more secondary through openings 30, that is to say, which extend from the external face 31 to open onto the internal face 32.

[0058] The wall 1 also includes a connecting system 5 for connecting the first skin 2 to the second skin 3, that is, for fixing their position relative to each other. Generally, the connecting means 5 comprises a portion embedded in the material of the first skin 2 and a portion embedded in the material of the second skin 3, such that the connecting means 5 is rigidly fixed to both the first skin 2 and the second skin 3. The connecting system 5 will be described in more detail later.

[0059] The wall 1 further comprises a substrate S suitable for growing plants. This includes organic matter, for example soil, possibly mixed with mineral aggregates to provide a surface for plant roots. The substrate S is placed in at least part of the internal volume 4. Preferably, the substrate S fills at least part of the internal volume 4 so as to cover each primary opening 20, and where applicable, each secondary opening 30. In other words, the substrate S is visible and / or accessible through the primary openings 20, and where applicable, the secondary openings 30, from the outside of the wall 1.

[0060] The wall 1 may be designed to be erected so that the outer face 21 of the first skin 2 faces outwards from the building, while the outer face 31 of the second skin faces inwards from the building. Conversely, the wall 1 may be designed to be erected so that the outer face 21 of the first skin 2 faces inwards from the building, while the outer face 31 of the second skin faces outwards from the building.

[0061] The wall 1 according to the invention is intended to be a load-bearing wall of the building, that is to say, it is intended to provide a structural function such as supporting the weight of at least part of the building's structure, for example the framework and / or the floors of the building, in order to transfer it to the building's foundations. It thus contributes to the stability and structural resistance of the entire building.

[0062] To this end, the wall 1 comprises a load-bearing system 6 formed by at least one structural element 60. The structural element 60 extends at least partially in the vertical direction and is located at least partially within the internal volume 4 of the wall 1. "Extends at least partially in the vertical direction" here refers to the property of the structural element 60 of having one dimension in one direction of extension that is greater than the other two, said direction of extension comprising at least one component in the vertical direction. Preferably, the direction of extension coincides or is substantially coincident with the vertical direction. The transverse dimension of the structural element 60 is greater than the transverse dimension of the internal volume 4, such that the structural element 60 includes at least one portion embedded in one of the first skin 2 or the second skin 3.The structural element 60 then separates the internal volume 4 along the longitudinal direction into a first zone 41 and a second zone 42. The first zone 41 and the second zone 42 each contain said substrate S.

[0063] The load-bearing system 6 can comprise a plurality of structural elements 60 spaced along the longitudinal direction in the internal volume 4 of the wall 1, so as to form a plurality of zones 41, 42.

[0064] The supporting system 6 may further include one or more longitudinal structural elements connecting two vertical structural elements 60, so as to form a portal frame.

[0065] Wall 1 can thus include a load-bearing function for the building. However, the division of the internal volume 4 into several zones 41, 42 complicates the irrigation of the substrate S in each zone 41, 4L

[0066] According to the invention, the structural element 60 comprises at least one longitudinally traversing opening 61 connecting the first zone 41 with the second zone 42. The connection formed by the opening 61 is preferably of the fluidic type, that is to say, it allows the passage of a fluid, whether aerodynamic, hydraulic, or otherwise, between the first zone 41 and the second zone 42. In other words, the opening 61 comprises one end opening into the first zone 41 and a second end opening into the second zone 42. The traversing opening 61 thus allows the use of a substrate irrigation system 7 to supply water and / or nutrients from the first zone 41 to the second zone 42 without having to pass through the exterior of the wall 1.

[0067] More specifically, the irrigation system 7 may include a pipe connected to an inlet at a water and / or nutrient source, and which extends partly into the first zone 41 and partly into the second zone 42 of the internal volume 4 by passing through the structural element 60. The pipe may then include at least two outlets, at The system includes an outlet in the first zone 41 and a second outlet in zone 42 of the internal volume 4. When the wall comprises several structural elements 60, a single pipe can pass through each structural element 60 to supply water to each zone 41, 42 of the internal volume 4. The irrigation system 7 may include several pipes extending longitudinally in each zone 41, 42, and distributed vertically. Alternatively, the irrigation system 7 may include a single pipe arranged to meander through the recesses 61 of the structural elements. The irrigation system 7 may also include a porous material placed in at least one recess 61 that passes through at least one structural element 60. The porous material ensures fluid passage between two zones 41, 42, for example, by capillary action.For example, the porous material can be the substrate S itself, so that the reservations 61 ensure the continuity of the substrate in the internal volume 4. Thus, a water outlet is brought for example into a first zone 41 using a pipe whose inlet is connected to a source of water and / or nutrients, the water and / or nutrients being transported into the second zone 42 through the porous material.

[0068] Each structural element 60 may include one or more through-reservations 61 distributed along the vertical direction.

[0069] Thus, the irrigation system can, from a single source of water and / or nutrients, be fully integrated into wall 1.

[0070] The cross-section of a recess 61 can be of any shape, for example square, rectangular, triangular, or irregular. According to one embodiment, the cross-section of a recess is circular, adapted for example to the passage of a pipe of the irrigation system 7.

[0071] The structural element(s) 60 may be made of concrete or metal.

[0072] Preferably, each structural element 60 comprises at least one portion embedded in the first skin 2 or the second skin 3. More precisely, each structural element 60 may comprise a first portion embedded in the first skin and / or a second portion embedded in the second skin 3. The structural element 60 thus makes it possible to take over at least part of the forces exerted on the first skin 2 and / or the second skin 3.

[0073] We will now describe several examples of the realization of wall 1.

[0074] According to a first embodiment illustrated in particular in [Fig. 1], the first skin 2 and the second skin 3 are both made of concrete. It should be noted that, according to this first example, the first skin 2 defines a continuous space between its external face 21 and its face 22, that is to say, it does not contain any discontinuities. Similarly, the second skin 3 also defines a continuous medium between its external face 31 and its internal face 32.

[0075] The first skin 2 may include at least one primary opening 20 defined by four edges, namely two vertical edges 23 and two longitudinal edges 24, so as to define a primary opening 20 of substantially rectangular shape, hereafter referred to as the rectangular primary opening 20a. The rectangular primary opening 20a may be supplemented by a retention means, not shown in [Fig. 1], for the substrate S, which partially covers the rectangular primary opening 20a to prevent the substrate S from escaping under the effect of gravity while leaving it accessible. Such a retention means may, for example, be a perforated plate or a grid, which also provides an attachment for plants. Another example of a retention means may be a tray, projecting from the outer face 21 of the first skin. A lower longitudinal edge 24 of the rectangular primary opening 20a may also form part of such a retention means.Such a lower longitudinal rim 24 has an inclination along the vertical direction, directed downwards from the external face 21 to the internal face 22 of the first skin 2. The substrate S can thus partly rest on the lower longitudinal rim 24 while being guided towards the interior of the wall 1, i.e. towards the internal volume 4.

[0076] The first skin 2 may further include at least one primary opening 20 defined by a rim 25 substantially of convergent truncated conical shape. More precisely, the conical rim 25 converges at least partially from the outer face 21 to the inner face 22 of the first skin 20. Such an opening is referred to hereafter as a convergent primary opening 20b. Such a convergent primary opening 20b makes it possible to combine the effect of vegetation with an increase in sound absorption. Indeed, the substrate acts as a sound absorber. The conical shape of the convergent primary openings 20b makes it possible to increase the sound absorption coefficient of the wall 1 for sounds coming from the outer face 21 of the first skin. By placing the first skin 2 on the exterior side of the building, the penetration of noise from outside the building to the interior is reduced.

[0077] The first skin 2 may further comprise at least one primary opening 20 defined by a rim 26 substantially of divergent truncated conical shape. More precisely, the conical rim 26 diverges at least partially from the outer face 21 to the inner face 22 of the first skin 20. Such an opening is referred to hereafter as a divergent primary opening 20c. Such a divergent primary opening 20c allows the substrate S and the vegetation to be retained inside the wall 1 without requiring additional retention means.

[0078] The second skin 3 may also include a secondary through-hole 30, which is substantially similar to the rectangular primary hole 20a of the first skin 2 and described above. Immediately, the second skin 3 may also include one or more secondary openings substantially similar to the primary convergent 20b openings and / or the divergent 20c openings of the first skin 2 described above.

[0079] The connection system 5 comprises at least one connector 50 in the form of a rod, for example metallic or composite, one end of which is embedded in the first skin 2 and the other end is embedded in the second skin 3, so as to maintain a fixed transverse distance between the first skin 2 and the second skin 3. A connector 50 may extend exclusively in the transverse direction, or extend in a direction comprising a transverse component and a vertical and / or longitudinal component. Alternatively or in combination, each connector 50 may be fixed to either skin 2, 3 by screwing or by bonding.

[0080] According to the first example, the structural element 60 of the load-bearing system 6 comprises a vertical column 62 made of a hydraulic binder-based construction material associated with a metal reinforcement 63. In what follows, the material of the vertical column 62 is concrete. More specifically, the metal reinforcement 63 comprises a first portion 64 embedded in the first skin 2, a second portion 65 embedded in the second skin 3, and an intermediate portion 66, between the first portion 64 and the second portion 65, embedded in the concrete column 62. The concrete column 62 has a transverse dimension substantially equal to the transverse dimension of the internal volume 4. In other words, the column 62 fills the internal volume 4 transversely.By extending across both the first skin 2 and the second skin 3, the load-bearing system 6 connects the first skin 2 and the second skin 3 to the load-bearing element 60, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the load-bearing element 60. Furthermore, the load-bearing element 60 contributes to the connection between the first skin 2 and the second skin 3, and thus forms part of the connection system 5. When the number and distribution of such structural elements 60 are sufficient, the connection system 5 can be entirely combined with the structural elements 60, i.e., the rods 50 are unnecessary.

[0081] According to the first example, the through reservation 61 is then made through the concrete column 62.

[0082] A second example of wall 1 will be described with reference to [Fig.3].

[0083] According to the second example, the first skin 2 and the second skin 3 are made of concrete identically to the first example.

[0084] According to the second example, the first skin 2 includes a primary opening 20 substantially identical to the rectangular primary opening 20a described in the first embodiment. The second skin 3 does not include any secondary openings. Without repeating the entire description given for the first example, It is immediately apparent that all the provisions described for the primary 20 openings and the secondary 30 openings of the first example can be repeated here.

[0085] According to the second example, the load-bearing system 6 comprises at least one structural element 60, which is a vertical metal profile P, for example in the shape of an H, comprising two substantially parallel longitudinal branches PI, P2 connected by a transverse branch P3. A first longitudinal branch PI is embedded in the first skin 2, the second longitudinal branch P2 is embedded in the second skin 3, and the transverse branch P3 passes entirely through the internal volume 4.

[0086] The through opening 61 can then be formed in the transverse branch P3.

[0087] The metal profile P can take other forms, for example I-shaped or tubular.

[0088] The load-bearing system 6 of the first example can be combined with the load-bearing system 6 of the second example in the same wall 1, which will then comprise a load-bearing system 6 combining a structural element 60 comprising a concrete column 62 associated with metal reinforcement according to the first example with a structural element 60 comprising a metal profile P according to the second example.

[0089] According to a third example illustrated in [Fig. 5], the wall 1 incorporates acoustic and / or thermal insulation distinct from that possibly provided by the substrate S. The wall can then be described as a wall with integrated formwork and insulation (MCII). More specifically, according to the third example, the first skin 2 is made of concrete, identically to what has been described for the first and second examples. The second skin 3 is made of a material with an additional function, for example, thermal and / or acoustic insulation, and defines a continuous medium between its external face 31 and its internal face 32. In one embodiment, the second skin 3 is made partly from a panel 33 of a material with an additional insulation function, for example, thermal and / or acoustic insulation.Panel 33, for example, is made at least partly of mineral wool, such as rock wool or glass wool, or of plant-based wool, such as hemp wool, flax wool, cotton wool, wood wool, or other similar materials. The plant-based wool may be combined with another material that reduces or even prevents its degradation, particularly rotting, such as a hydraulic and / or synthetic binder, like a resin. Alternatively, or in combination with other materials, panel 33 may include a synthetic textile and / or a geotextile, possibly combined with a material that reduces or even prevents its degradation. Alternatively, or in combination with other materials, panel 33 may be made entirely or partially of EPS (expanded polystyrene). Panel 33 may be rigid or semi-rigid, meaning that it does not deform, or deforms very little, under the stresses experienced during the manufacturing and / or handling of wall 1 for installation.

[0090] A facing layer 34 can be attached opposite the external face 31 of the second skin 3. The facing layer 34 is, for example, made of concrete, plaster, OSB (Oriented Straight Board), plywood, MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), wood-based particleboard, or composite board. The facing layer 34 can be covered.

[0091] The first skin 2 is made of concrete, identically to the first and second examples. It may include a primary opening 20 substantially identical to the rectangular primary opening 20a, and / or a primary opening 20 substantially identical to the convergent primary opening 20b, and / or a primary opening 20 substantially identical to the divergent primary opening 20c, as described above. The first skin 2 may further include one or more openings intended to form, for example, doors or windows

[0092] According to the third example, the second skin 3 is devoid of a primary opening 30. One or more openings may, however, be provided to form, for example, doors or windows.

[0093] The panel 33 is connected to the first skin 2 by means of the connection system 5 comprising at least one connector 50 in the form of a rod having a first end embedded in the first skin 2 and a second end embedded in the second skin 3. More specifically, for this purpose, the panel 33 is provided with a stiffening element 35 for anchoring a connector 50 of the connection system 5. Anchoring here refers to any means of fastening, in particular by screwing, gluing, or sealing. For example, such a stiffening element 35 may include a notch 36 formed in the outer face 31 of the second skin 3, and which is intended to contain a material more rigid than the material of the panel 33. Such a material is, for example, concrete 37 poured into the notch 36 and hardened.Alternatively, the material poured into the notch 36 is resin, or any other material that can be cast and cured to provide adequate mechanical strength. The notch 36 is then, for example, dovetail-shaped, or any other interlocking geometry, to prevent the material inside from coming out. In practice, a plurality of notches 36 are made on the outer face 31 of the second skin 3 to correspond to the number of connectors 50 used to obtain a sufficiently robust connection between the first skin 2 and the second skin 3. Each notch 36 can extend longitudinally across the outer surface 31 of the second skin 3, or remain a point. The facing layer 34 then serves to conceal the notches 36.

[0094] Generally, the stiffening element 35 can be located anywhere within the thickness of the panel 33, between the outer face 31 and the face 32 internal, and including on the external face 31 or on the internal face 32. In particular, notches similar to the notches 36 described above can be formed in relief on the internal face 32. Alternatively, rigid elements can be placed within the thickness of the panel 33 at a distance from the external face 31 and the internal face 32. In other words, the stiffening element 35 can be in contact with the external face 31 or the external face 32 or be formed within the current section.

[0095] The wall 1 may further include an intermediate element 9, for example forming a sealing or drainage barrier, between the inner face 32 of the second skin 3 and the inner volume 4, in order to fluidly isolate the plate 33 from the substrate S. The sealing or drainage element 9 may, for example, include a membrane, a film, a sheet, or a plate. The intermediate sealing or drainage element 9 is held in position relative to the second skin 3, for example, by means of collars provided on the connectors 50, or by gluing or stapling to the panel 33.

[0096] According to the third example, the structural element 60 of the load-bearing system 6 may comprise a vertical concrete column 67 associated with a metal reinforcement 68. More specifically, the metal reinforcement 68 comprises a first portion 69 embedded in the first skin 2, and a second portion 70 embedded in the vertical column 67. The vertical concrete column 67 has a transverse dimension substantially equal to the transverse dimension of the internal volume 4. In other words, the column 67 fills the internal volume 4 transversely. The load-bearing system 6 allows the loads to be transferred to the first skin 2.

[0097] The load-bearing system 6 according to the third example may include, alternatively or in combination, a structural element 60 in the form of a metal profile P, a first portion PI of which is taken from the first skin 2, and which comes into contact with the internal face 32 of the second skin or, where applicable, with the intermediate element 9.

[0098] The wall according to the third example makes it possible, in particular thanks to the presence of the thermal insulation panel 33 and the presence of the substrate S in the internal volume 4, to limit the impacts on the wall 1 caused by temperature differentials between one side and the other of the wall 1, in this case between the inside and the outside of the building, or of a room of a building, delimited in part by the wall 1.

[0099] It will be noted that the arrangements of the three examples described above are not exclusive to each example, and can be combined with each other in the same wall 1.

[0100] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wall 1 as described above. According to the invention, the method for manufacturing the wall 1 is carried out at less partly in the factory, so that wall 1 is brought prefabricated to the site before being finalized.

[0101] According to a first embodiment, the manufacturing process for wall 1 may include: • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the first skin 2 as well as, where applicable, less a part of a primary through opening 20; • a first pouring stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture, for example concrete, which is intended to constitute the first skin 2; • a second positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system 5, this inside the first mold and in such a way that a part of said connection system 5 is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin 2; • a first hardening stage which consists of allowing or hardening (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, this for obtaining the first skin 2; • a third positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a second mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the second skin 3 as well as, where applicable, less a part of a secondary through opening 30; • a second pouring stage which consists of pouring, in the second mold, a hydraulic mixture, for example concrete, intended to constitute the second skin 3; • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least the first skin 2 and the connecting system 5; • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning, for example in particular by embedding, the connection system 5, more particularly another part of the connection system 5, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in said second mold; • a second hardening stage which consists of making or allowing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in said second mold, this for obtaining the second skin 3.

[0102] These steps make it possible in particular to obtain a wall 1 comprising a first skin 2 and a second skin 3 conforming to the first and second examples of realization of a wall 1 described above.

[0103] The turning step and the fourth positioning step are preferably carried out successively directly one after the other, using the same handling equipment.

[0104] The first positioning step followed by the first casting step can be carried out simultaneously with the second positioning step followed by the second casting step, taking care that the hydraulic mixture in the second mold has not yet hardened for the fourth positioning step.

[0105] In order to produce the wall 1 according to the first example and give it a load-bearing function, the manufacturing process further includes, after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first placement step, which consists of placing the reinforcement 63, and more particularly the first portion 64 of the reinforcement 63, and positioning a column formwork configured to define the column 62 within the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold. Such formwork for the column 62 can be made using OSB (Oriented Straight Board) panels, perforated sheets or expanded metal of the Nerlat or Nergalto type, wood panels, or any other biodegradable material. Such formwork may provide for the formation of at least one through opening 61, for example, using sleeves made of biodegradable material.The process further includes, after the turning step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step, which consists of implanting the reinforcement 63 and more specifically the second portion 65 of the reinforcement 63, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold, and positioning the column formwork in the second mold.

[0106] The resulting prefabricated wall is transported to the construction site and installed on a base, which rests directly or indirectly on the ground, so that the vertical direction of the wall substantially coincides with the natural vertical direction. If such arrangements have not already been made, provisions for forming the through-recesses 61 in the column 62 are implemented. The material for the column 62 is then poured inside the column formwork, enclosing the intermediate portion 66 of the steel reinforcement. The column 62 then includes, for example, a portion extending below the surface of the base, and preferably below the ground surface, to be bonded to and partially integrated into the foundations. The column formwork may remain in place or be removed.The irrigation system 7 is then installed, and the internal volume 4 can be filled in part or totally, except for the space taken up by column 62 with substrate S. .

[0107] In order to produce a wall 1 according to the second example and give it a load-bearing function, the manufacturing process further comprises, after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first implantation step of the vertical metal profile P, which consists of implanting a first portion of the metal profile P, for example the first longitudinal branch PI, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold. The process further comprises, after the turning step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step, which consists of implanting a second portion of the metal profile P, for example the second longitudinal branch P, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold. The metal profile P may include one or more through recesses 61 formed before the first implantation step.

[0108] The resulting wall is transported to the construction site and installed on a base, which rests directly or indirectly on the ground, so that the vertical direction of the wall substantially coincides with the natural vertical direction. If such arrangements have not already been made, provisions are made to form the through-holes 61 in the metal P-profile. The metal P-profile emerges vertically beyond the first skin 2 and the second skin 3, downwards, to be secured to foundations, for example, by a pit or sealing system. The irrigation system 7 is then installed, and the internal volume 4 can be partially or completely filled, except for the space occupied by the metal P-profile, with substrate S. More specifically, each zone 41, 42 is partially or completely filled with substrate S.

[0109] The manufacturing process thus described involves the formation of the first skin 2 before the second skin 3. However, the second skin 3 can be formed before the first skin 2. Thus, according to a second embodiment, the manufacturing process of the wall 1 can comprise: • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the second skin 3 as well as, where applicable, less a part of a secondary through opening 30; • a first casting stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the second skin 3; • a second positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system 5, this inside the first mold and in such a way that a part of said connection system 5 is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the second skin 3; • a first hardening stage which consists of allowing or hardening (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, this for obtaining the second skin 3; • a third positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a second mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the first skin 2 as well as, where applicable, less a part of a primary through opening 20; • a second casting stage which consists of pouring, in the second mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the first skin 2; • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least the second skin 3 and the connecting system 5; • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning, for example in particular by embedding, the connection system 5, more particularly another part of the connection system 5, inside the hydraulic mixture contained in said second mold; • a second hardening stage which consists of making or allowing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in said second mold, this for obtaining the first skin 2.

[0110] These steps make it possible, in particular, to obtain a wall 1 comprising a first skin 2 and a second skin 3 conforming to the first and second examples of the construction of a wall 1 described above. Without repeating the entire description for obtaining wall 1 according to the first example and for obtaining wall 1 according to the second example, it is immediately apparent that the concrete column 62 and / or the metal profile P can be inserted during the manufacturing process by adapting the steps to the order of formation of the first skin 2 and the second skin 3.

[0111] According to a third embodiment, the manufacturing process for wall 1 may include: • A step of obtaining a panel 33 comprising at least one stiffening element 35, and which is intended to form the second skin 3; • a first positioning step which consists of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define the first skin 2 as well as, where applicable, less a part of a primary through opening 20; • a first pouring stage which consists of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture, for example concrete, which is intended to constitute the first skin 2; • a second positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system 5 in the stiffening element (35) of the panel 33 which is intended to form the second skin 3, and of holding the panel 33 on the connection system 5, • a third positioning step, which consists of positioning, for example by embedding, the connection system 5 inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold; • a first hardening stage, which consists of making or allowing to harden, (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in said first mold, this for obtaining the first skin 2; • a step of engaging the connection system 5 with said stiffening element 35 to fix the connection system 5 to the panel 33.

[0112] The first and second hardening stages can be carried out simultaneously. The first hardening stage can be carried out immediately after the third positioning stage, before the second casting stage.

[0113] The stiffening element 35 is, for example, a notch 36 on the outer face 31 of the panel 33 forming the second skin 3. In this case, the method may include a second casting step, which consists of pouring a material, for example, a hydraulic material or resin, into the notch 36. This second casting step then occurs after the second positioning step and before the curing step. Furthermore, in this case, the curing step consists of allowing the material poured into the notch 36 of the panel 33 to harden (in particular by heating and / or in an oven). The curing step is carried out after the second positioning step and may be performed simultaneously with the first curing step.

[0114] The second positioning step can consist of fitting rings which attach by elastic deformations to all or part of the rods 50 of the connection system 5 and lock the position of the panel 33 along the rods 50.

[0115] These steps make it possible, in particular, to obtain a wall 1 comprising a first skin 2 and a second skin 3 conforming to the third example of wall 1 construction described above. Where applicable, the process includes a step of installing the sealing element 9, for example by attaching it to the panel 33 before the third positioning step, and preferably before the second positioning step.

[0116] In order to produce the wall 1 according to the third example and give it a load-bearing function, the manufacturing process further comprises, after the first step of Before the first hardening stage, a placement stage is carried out. This stage consists of placing the metal reinforcement 68, specifically the first portion 69 of the reinforcement 68, and positioning a column formwork configured to define the column 67 within the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold. Such formwork for the column 67 can be made using OSB (Oriented Straight Board) panels, perforated sheets or expanded metal of the Nerlat or Nergalto type, wood panels, or any other biodegradable material. This formwork may include at least one through opening 61, for example, using sleeves made of biodegradable material. For example, the placement stage can be implemented before the third positioning stage.

[0117] Immediately, the manufacturing process of the third embodiment can be adapted when the structural element 60 is a metal profile P, a portion PI of which is embedded in the first skin 2.

[0118] The resulting prefabricated wall is transported to the construction site and installed on a base, which rests directly or indirectly on the ground, so that the vertical direction of the wall substantially coincides with the natural vertical direction. If necessary, and if such arrangements have not already been made, provisions are made to form the through-recesses 61 in the column 67. The material for the column 67 is then poured inside the column formwork, enclosing the second portion 70 of the metal reinforcement 68. The column 67 then includes, for example, a portion extending below the surface of the base, and preferably below the ground surface, to be bonded to and partially integrated into the foundations. The column formwork may remain in place or be removed.The irrigation system 7 is then installed, and the internal volume 4 can be filled in part or totally, except for the space taken up by column 67, with substrate S. More precisely, each zone 41, 42 is filled in part or totally by substrate S.

[0119] The manufacturing process may further include a step of installing a facing which consists of placing a facing layer 34 on the wall 1, and for example placing a facing layer 34 opposite the external face 31 of the second skin 3. Such a step is particularly suitable for the wall 1 according to the third embodiment example, in order to hide the notches 36. The facing layer 34 can be placed in the factory or on the construction site.

[0120] The wall 1 thus formed advantageously provides a wall combining the functions of a green wall and a load-bearing wall. It is therefore possible to construct all the walls of a building, whether load-bearing or non-load-bearing, as green walls. The building can then, for example, display vegetation across its entire exterior façade, improving urban greening.

[0121] The substrate S irrigation system 7 remains simple and inexpensive. The manufacturing process involves techniques that are implemented with existing equipment, so that the construction of this type of wall remains economically accessible and does not increase the building construction costs.

[0122] Wall 1 also provides acoustic insulation thanks to the presence of substrate S, possibly combined with primary converging openings 20b, in order to improve acoustic comfort inside the building.

[0123] The wall 1 also allows one or more additional functions to be introduced thanks to the second skin 3, in particular when the wall 1 is made according to the third embodiment using the panel 33 which can give one or more additional functions to the wall 1, for example a thermal and / or acoustic insulation function.

[0124] By placing the load-bearing system 6 inside the internal volume 4, the thickness of the wall 1 according to the invention remains similar to that of walls that are only vegetated or only load-bearing.

Claims

Demands

1. Vegetated wall (1) with integrated formwork comprising: • a first skin (2) which has at least one primary through opening (20, 20a, 20b, 20c); • a second skin (3) which is positioned, in a transverse direction, at a determined distance from the first skin (2); • an internal volume (4) defined between the first skin (2) and the second skin (3) into which the at least one primary through opening (20, 20a, 20b, 20c) opens and which is intended to contain at least partially a substrate (S) suitable for growing plants; • a connection system (5) which is configured to connect the first skin (2) and the second skin (3);The wall (1) being characterized in that it comprises a load-bearing system (6), said load-bearing system (6) comprising at least one structural element (60) extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, and placed at least partly within the internal volume (4) of the wall so as to separate it into a first zone (41) and a second zone (42), each of said zones (41, 42) being intended to contain at least partly said substrate (S), the structural element (60) comprising at least one through opening (61) providing fluidic communication between the first zone (41) and the second zone (42).

2. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to claim 1, in which at least one structural element (60) of the load-bearing system (6) is a concrete column (62,67).

3. Integrated formwork wall according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one structural element (60) of the load-bearing system (6) is a metal profile (P).

4. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one structural element (60) comprises at least a first portion (64, 68, PI) embedded in the first skin (2) or at least a second portion (65, P2) embedded in the second skin (3).

5. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one structural element (60) comprises at least a first portion (64, 68, PI) embedded in the first skin (2) and at least a second portion (65, P2) embedded in the second skin (3), said structural element (60) forming part of the connection system (5).

6. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second skin (3) is formed at least in part by a panel (33) of thermal and / or acoustic insulating material and wherein said panel (33) includes at least one stiffening element (35) placed in the thickness of the panel (33).

7. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an irrigation system (7) for supplying water and / or nutrients to said substrate (S) in the first zone (41) and the second zone (42) of the internal volume (4) of the wall (1) through at least one through-reservation (61).

8. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to the preceding claim, wherein the irrigation system (7) comprises a porous material extending into the through-reservation (61).

9. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to the preceding claim, in which the porous material is the substrate.

10. Wall (1) with integrated formwork according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the irrigation system (7) comprises a pipe including an inlet intended to be connected to a source of water and / or nutrients, and which extends at least partly into the first zone (41) and partly into the second zone (42) through the through-reservation (61).

11. A method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, said method comprising: • a first positioning step consisting of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means configured to define one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a first casting step consisting of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture that is intended to constitute one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a first positioning step which consists of positioning the connection means, this inside the first mold and in such a way that a part of said connection system (5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture; • a first hardening stage which consists of letting or causing the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold to harden, in order to obtain one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a second casting stage which consists of pouring, in a second mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the other of the first skin (2) or of the second skin (3); • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least one of the first skin (2) or second skin (3) the connecting system (5); • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system (5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold; • a second hardening stage which consists of hardening or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold to harden, this to obtain the other of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3), the process being characterized in that at least one structural element (60) of the supporting system (6) is a vertical column (62) made of hydraulic binder-based material associated with a metallic reinforcement (63), and in that it comprises after the first casting step before the first hardening step, a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of a first portion (64) or a second portion (65) of the reinforcement (63) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold and of positioning a column formwork which is configured to define the column (62) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold.

12. A method according to the preceding claim, further comprising, after the second casting step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step which consists of implanting the other of the first portion (64) or of the second portion (65) of the reinforcement (63) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold.

13. A method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 10, said method comprising: • a first positioning step consisting of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means which is configured to define one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a first casting step consisting of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a first positioning step consisting of positioning the connecting means, this inside the first mold and such that a part of said connecting system (5) is embedded within the hydraulic mixture;• a first hardening step which consists of allowing or causing the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold to harden, in order to obtain one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a second casting step which consists of pouring, into a second mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the other of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3); • a turning step which consists of turning over an assembly which includes at least one of the first skin (2) or the second skin (3) and the connection system (5); • a fourth positioning step which consists of positioning the connection system (5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold; • a second hardening step which consists of making or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold to harden, this for obtaining the other of the first skin (2) or of the second skin (3), the process being characterized in that at least one structural element (60) of the carrier system (6) is a metallic profile (P) and in that it comprises after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of the first portion (PI) or of the second portion (P2) of the profile (P) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold.

14. A manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, further comprising, after the second casting step and before the second hardening step, a second implantation step which consists of implanting the other of the first portion (PI) or of the second portion (P2) of the profile (P) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the second mold.

15. A method for manufacturing a wall with integrated formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 10, said method comprising: • A step of obtaining a panel (33) comprising at least one stiffening element (35) intended to form the second skin (3); • A first positioning step consisting of positioning, inside a first mold, at least one formwork means configured to define the first skin (2); • A first casting step consisting of pouring, inside the first mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the first skin (2); • A second positioning step consisting of positioning the connection system (5) in the stiffening element (35) of the panel (33) intended to form the second skin (3), and of holding the panel (33) on the connection system (5); • a third positioning step, which consists of positioning the connection system (5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold; • a first hardening stage, which consists of making or allowing the hydraulic mixture contained in said first mold to harden, in order to obtain the first skin (2), • a second step of engaging the connection system (5) with said stiffening element (35) to fix the connection system (5) to the panel (33), the process being characterized in that at least one structural element (60) of the supporting system (6) is a vertical column (67) made of hydraulic binder-based material associated with a metallic reinforcement (68), and in that it comprises after the first casting step and before the first hardening step, a first implantation step which consists of implanting one of a first portion (69) of the reinforcement (67) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold and of positioning a column formwork, which is configured to define the column (67), inside the hydraulic mixture contained in the first mold.

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