Photovoltaic energy production unit and its installation process

Abstract

Title: Photovoltaic energy production unit and its installation method The invention relates to a photovoltaic energy production unit 1 comprising at least one shade device 2 comprising at least one table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 resting on at least two support structures 61 and 6N+1 in the form of a bracket comprising a post 7 surmounted by a crosspiece 8 extending in a transverse direction 9a perpendicular to a longitudinal direction Dl passing through the posts 7, the latter cooperating by embedding at their lower end 12 with a foundation infrastructure 13.Advantageously, said foundation infrastructure 13 comprises a foundation sole 141, 142, 143, … 14N+1 made of reinforced concrete extending under each of the posts 7 in a transverse direction 9b perpendicular to said longitudinal direction D1 and at least one reinforced concrete stringer 151, 152, 153, … 15N connecting said foundation soles 141, 142, 143, … 14N+1 together in alignment with the posts 7, the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, … 14N+1 and the stringer(s) 151, 152, 153, … 15N having a section of height 16 and width 17 of between 30 and 60 cm... The invention also relates to a method of installing such a photovoltaic energy production unit. Figure for the abstract: [Fig.1].

Description

Title of the invention: Photovoltaic energy production unit and its installation method

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic energy production and more particularly to that of shade devices installed on parking areas and above which extend tables of photovoltaic panels.

[0002] Such shade devices can take different forms of embodiment. For example, a shade device is known essentially comprising two gantries, each comprising at least two posts connected at the top by a spar. A table composed of several photovoltaic panels is attached to these gantries. Optionally, bracing braces can complete the gantries. Each of the posts requires anchoring to the ground at their lower end. In particular, these posts can be equipped at their lower end with a base plate comprising holes for the passage, as the case may be, of fixing screws on suitable foundations or piles designed to extend deep through the structure of the roadway of these parking areas.

[0003] Shade devices are also known which essentially consist of two jibs arranged parallel to each other and comprising a post, on the one hand, firmly anchored to the ground at its lower end and, on the other hand, extended at its upper end by a crosspiece which is often slightly inclined. On the crosspieces arranged parallel to each other of these jibs are fixed purlins on which are attached by appropriate means photovoltaic panels in the form of a table. This can extend on one side of the posts of the jibs or on either side of these posts by defining a single inclined section or two sections of inverted inclinations.

[0004] Such shade devices often allow the covering of two parking spaces arranged one in line with the other and / or one or more parking spaces side by side.

[0005] Obviously, the larger the surface area of ​​the table of photovoltaic panels extending between two brackets, the more efficient the ground anchoring of a shade device must be to compensate for wind resistance.

[0006] Essentially two principles are implemented to ensure this ground anchoring of the photovoltaic panel shade devices. The first consists of limiting the surface area of ​​the table of photovoltaic panels, this being designed to cover one or even two parking spaces, this table of photovoltaic panels resting on a structure with at least four posts, each post having a base through which it is fixed, either by piles driven deep into the ground, or by screws on concrete blocks cast in the ground. Often the structure of such shade devices is weighted to compensate for a basic anchoring.

[0007] The other principle consists, on the contrary, of designing heavy, deep structures at the level of the parking area to which are firmly fixed jib posts capable of taking the loads of a table of photovoltaic panels of larger dimensions capable of simultaneously covering several parking spaces.

[0008] If the first solution is easier to implement and leads to an installation that can be described as reversible, in particular when piles are used, the second solution is of the irreversible type due to the heavy and deep works necessary for anchoring the shade devices to the ground.

[0009] Conversely, the second solution makes it possible to limit the number of posts supporting the photovoltaic panel tables, and therefore their size at the parking area, while the first solution requires a multiplication of these posts which have the disadvantage of making access to the parking spaces under the shade devices more difficult, while increasing, at the same time, the risks of accidents.

[0010] It is known, in particular from document JP2013253445A, a shade device with photovoltaic panels comprising a table of photovoltaic panels resting, on the one hand, at the front edge on two low posts and, on the other hand, at the rear edge on two other posts of greater height so as to define an inclined plane ascending from front to back. Also, it is considered that only at the level of this rear part of greater wind exposure is it necessary to prevent the solar panel device from lifting. For this purpose the foundations of the posts in the rear part are made in the following manner: • One or more trenches are dug under these posts in the rear part, as the case may be, in a direction passing through the front posts and / or perpendicular to this direction; • At the bottom of these trenches are placed corrugated anchor sheets on which a threaded anchor rod is attached; • If necessary, anchor piles are driven through these sheets before closing the trenches with earth; • A foundation block is cast around the threaded anchor rod from which this threaded anchor rod partly emerges; • A post is fixed to the latter.

[0011] This document also refers to a solution considered to represent the state of the art. In this case, the front posts, on the one hand, and the rear posts, on the other hand, rest on stringers which connect these posts, depending on the case, front or rear, to each other.

[0012] We therefore find in these solutions described in document JP2013253445A the disadvantages previously listed, namely a multitude of posts which are particularly cumbersome in an application to parking areas.

[0013] There is therefore a need for a photovoltaic energy production unit comprising at least one shade device with photovoltaic panels, the installation of which, in particular on a parking area, does not require any civil engineering work impacting this parking area in depth, beyond the structure of the roadway. Furthermore, the shade device of such a photovoltaic energy production unit must be able to do without additional ballast, while being limited to support structures composed of brackets to support the table(s) of photovoltaic panels.

[0014] To this end, the invention relates to a photovoltaic energy production unit comprising at least one shade device comprising at least one table of photovoltaic panels resting on at least two support structures in the form of brackets comprising a post surmounted by a crosspiece extending in a transverse direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction passing through the posts of the brackets, these posts cooperating by embedding at their lower end with a foundation infrastructure.

[0015] In particular, this foundation infrastructure comprises a reinforced concrete foundation sole extending under each of the posts of the jibs in a transverse direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction and at least one reinforced concrete stringer connecting said foundation soles together in this longitudinal direction, in alignment with the jib posts, the foundation soles and the stringer(s) having a height and a section width of between 30 and 60 cm.

[0016] As a reminder, a foundation sole is a foundation element of generally rectangular or quadratic shape, intended to distribute the loads of a structure over a larger surface area of ​​the ground. It is designed to ensure the stability and safety of the construction by limiting settlement and avoiding the risk of ground failure.

[0017] Advantageously, the photovoltaic energy production unit comprises a shade device comprising N tables of photovoltaic panels resting on N + 1 support structures in the form of jibs whose posts extend in the same longitudinal alignment and cooperate by embedding at their lower end with foundation soles of length at most equal to the length in the transverse direction of a table of photovoltaic panels.

[0018] According to another feature of the invention, the foundation soles under the posts of the support structures 1 and N+1 at the longitudinal ends of the photovoltaic energy production unit are shorter compared to the foundation soles on which the posts of the intermediate support structures 2 to N rest.

[0019] The invention also relates to a method for installing a photovoltaic energy production unit on a support surface, such as a parking area, comprising at least one surface layer, such as a bituminous coating, paving stones or the like, and a compacted base layer, said photovoltaic energy production unit comprising at least one shade device comprising at least one table of photovoltaic panels resting on at least two support structures in the form of brackets comprising a post surmounted by a crosspiece extending in a transverse direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction passing through the posts of the brackets,these posts cooperating by embedding at their lower end with a foundation infrastructure comprising a reinforced concrete foundation sole extending in the transverse direction under each of the posts of the jibs and at least one reinforced concrete stringer connecting said soles together in the longitudinal direction in alignment with the jib posts, this method consisting of: , • to mark on the support surface the location of the foundation soles and the stringer(s); • to saw the surface layer and at least part of the base layer at the level of the markings; • to clear the surface layer and the base layer to at least the depth sawn for the design of trenches with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, as the case may be, of the foundation soles and the stringers; • optionally, to create a clean concrete of thickness between 3 and 5 centimeters at the bottom of the trenches; • to install reinforcements, depending on the case of foundation sole and sill in the corresponding trenches and to mechanically connect these reinforcements at the height of the junctions under the jib posts; • to mechanically connect to the reinforcements a receiving plate designed to receive a lower end of a post of a support structure at the height of the junctions between a foundation sole and a stringer; • to adjust the positioning, in particular the altimetry, of the reception platforms; • to pour construction concrete into the trenches for the design, after hardening, of the foundation soles and stringers; • to build the shade structure on the foundation infrastructure, in particular by fixing, for embedding cooperation, the lower end of the jib posts on said receiving plates.

[0020] According to the same inventive concept, the invention relates to yet another method of installing a photovoltaic energy production unit according to the invention on a support surface, of the parking area type, comprising at least one surface layer, of the bituminous, paving or other type, and a compacted base layer, said photovoltaic energy production unit comprising at least one shade device comprising at least one table of photovoltaic panels resting on at least two support structures in the form of brackets comprising a post surmounted by a crosspiece extending in a transverse direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction passing through the posts,these cooperating by embedding at their lower end with a foundation infrastructure comprising a reinforced concrete foundation sole extending under each of the posts in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and at least one reinforced concrete stringer connecting said foundation soles together in the longitudinal direction in alignment with the posts, the method consisting of: , • to mark the location of the foundation soles on the support surface 29; • to saw the surface layer and at least partly the base layer at right angles markings; • to clear the surface layer and the base layer to at least the depth sawn for the design of trenches with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, as the case may be, of the foundation soles and the stringer(s); • to place in each of the trenches corresponding to the foundation soles a prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation sole and to place in the trenches corresponding to the stringers, prefabricated reinforced concrete stringers; • to mechanically connect the reinforcements of the foundation soles and the prefabricated stringers at the height of their junctions under the posts; • to fix on these foundation soles and prefabricated stringers at the height of these junctions a receiving plate intended to receive the lower end of a post; • to adjust the positioning of the receiving plates; • to pour construction concrete into the trenches for the design, after hardening, the foundation soles and the stringer(s); • to build the shade structure on the foundation infrastructure, by fixing, for embedding cooperation, the lower end of the posts on said receiving plates.

[0021] The advantages arising from the present invention consist, essentially, in that the foundation infrastructure of a photovoltaic energy production unit extends, in depth, only over the thickness of the surface and base layers of the support surface without risk of reaching the dry and wet networks which may extend under this support surface, networks necessarily buried under the base layer of the latter.

[0022] Furthermore, by intervening by sawing at the level of this support surface for the design of trenches with dimensions strictly adjusted, in length and width to the foundation soles and stringers that they are intended to accommodate, whether these foundation soles and stringers are cast on site or of the prefabricated type, the impact at the level of this support surface is very limited and does not require, in any case, a total resumption of the coating constituting its surface layer. It should also be noted that in a preferred embodiment, these foundation soles and stringers can define, simultaneously, markings delimiting the parking spaces under the shade device.

[0023] Other aims and advantages of the present invention will emerge on reading the detailed description below, this description being supplemented by the appended figures given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, among which:

[0024] [Fig.l] [Fig.l] schematically represents in perspective a photovoltaic energy production unit comprising a simple shade device, the table of photovoltaic panels of which extends on one side of the plane passing through the posts of the support structures;

[0025] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic and side view of a shade device simple as represented in [Fig.l]:

[0026] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] schematically and in perspective represents a unit of photovoltaic energy production comprising a double shade device, the table of photovoltaic panels of which extends on either side of the plane passing through the posts of the support structures;

[0027] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a schematic and side view of a shade device double as shown in [Fig.2];

[0028] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is a schematic representation, seen in plan, of a foundation infrastructure in accordance with the invention;

[0029] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a schematic and sectional view of an embodiment of a foundation sole or a foundation infrastructure stringer implanted in the thickness of the layers of a support surface;

[0030] As shown schematically, in particular in Figures 1 and 3 of the attached drawings, the present invention relates to a photovoltaic energy production unit 1 comprising at least one shade device 2 composed of several elementary modules 3.

[0031] Thus, in this elementary form, this shade device 2 comprises at least one table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5. In the sense of the present description, such a table 4 of photovoltaic panels is of generally rectangular shape and comprises a support structure on which photovoltaic panels 5 are attached using suitable fixing means.

[0032] This table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 surmounts two support structures 6. These adopt a form of bracket comprising a post 7 surmounted by a crosspiece 8 extending in a transverse direction 9a, on one side (as visible in figures 1 and 2) or on either side (as shown in figures 3 and 4) of this post 7, perpendicular to a longitudinal direction DI passing through the posts 7 of these brackets corresponding to the support structures 6. As visible in these figures, a brace 10 can extend between the post 7 and the crosspiece 8, on one side or, as the case may be, on either side of a longitudinal median plane P passing through the posts 7 so as to consolidate the support structures 6.

[0033] Note that the designation “support structure” and “brace” are used indifferently in the description to designate the same element.

[0034] Correlatively, a table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 extends essentially above the support structures 6 on one side of this longitudinal plane P or on either side of the latter and, in this case, preferably symmetrically and over the same length. In such a configuration, this table 4 can define a single plane preferably inclined relative to the horizontal (as visible in Figures 3 and 4) or two planes extending according to inverted inclinations starting from this median plane P (solution not having been shown).

[0035] Preferably, a table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 extending on either side of the longitudinal plane P comprises a length LT, in the transverse direction 9a, defined to cover at least two parking spaces SI, S2 situated in alignment with one another. Thus, this length LT, corresponding substantially to twice the length 18 of a parking space SI; S2, is advantageously between 10 and 12 meters.

[0036] Furthermore, this table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 comprises, in the longitudinal direction D1, parallel to the longitudinal median plane P, a width corresponding at least the width 19 of a parking space SI; S2, preferably a multiple of this width 19 so as to use, in this longitudinal direction, several parking spaces side by side, SU, S12

[0037] The crosspieces 8 of the support structures 6 are preferably connected to each other longitudinally, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal median plane P, by purlins 11.

[0038] Thus, in concrete terms, the crosspieces 8 of two successive support structures 6 and the purlins 11 connecting these crosspieces 8 define, substantially, the support structure on which photovoltaic panels 5 are fixed so as to define the table 4 of photovoltaic panels.

[0039] Advantageously, the posts 7, the crosspieces 8, the braces 10 and the purlins 11 are defined by metal profiles, although the present invention is not limited to such a material for the design of a shade device 2. In particular, the latter may be made of profiles made of wood or composite material or even a combination of profiles in distinct materials.

[0040] Figures 1 and 3 illustrate a photovoltaic energy production unit 1 whose shade device 2 comprises N tables 4 (N=6 in this case) resting on N+1 support structures 61 to 6N+1, two tables 4 following one another resting on the same support structure at the height of their junction.

[0041] In short, this shade device 2 comprises two end support structures 61 and 6N+1 and several intermediate support structures 62, 63,

[0042] Furthermore, the posts 7 of the jibs corresponding to these support structures 6 cooperate by embedding at their lower end 12 with a foundation infrastructure 13.

[0043] According to the invention, this foundation infrastructure 13 comprises a foundation sole 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 made of reinforced concrete extending under each of the posts 7 of the support structures 62, 63, 64, ... 6N+l in a transverse direction 9b, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction DL.

[0044] The foundation infrastructure 13 comprises at least one reinforced concrete stringer 151, 152, 153, ... 15N connecting said foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 together in the longitudinal direction D1, preferably in the longitudinal median plane P, i.e. in alignment with the posts 7.

[0045] In particular, the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringer(s) 151, 152, 153, ... 15N comprise a section of height 16 and width 17 of between 20 and 60 centimeters, preferably between 30 and 50 centimeters, advantageously of the order of 40 cm.

[0046] According to a feature of the invention, the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 extend on one side of the longitudinal plane P over a length 201, 202, 203, ... 20N+1 at most equal to the length L plus one meter (1m) over which the table 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 extends in the transverse direction 9a, on the same side of this plane P.

[0047] In short, if as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the table 4 extends over a length L only on one side of this longitudinal plane P above the support structures 62, 63, the foundation soles have a length 201, 202, 203, ... 20N + 1, on this same side of the plane P at most equal to L plus one meter. As the table 4 does not extend on the opposite side of this plane P, L is equal to 0 so that the foundation soles have a length at most equal to one meter on this side opposite the plane P.

[0048] Conversely, if the table 4 extends transversely on either side of the plane P, over a length L, the foundation soles have a length 201, 202, 203, ... 20N+1, on either side of this plane P at most equal to L plus one meter.

[0049] According to another feature of the invention, the foundation soles 141, and 14N + 1 under the posts 7 of the support structures 61 and 6N + 1 at the longitudinal ends 21, 22 of the photovoltaic energy production unit 1 are shorter compared to the length 202, 203, ... 20N of the foundation soles 142, 143, ... 14N on which the posts of the intermediate support structures 62, 63, 64 ... 6N rest.

[0050] According to another feature of the invention, over a portion of length pl, p2 extending from the longitudinal ends 21, 22 of the photovoltaic energy production unit 1, the foundation soles 61, 62, ... 6N+1, 6N, are defined with a length 201, 202, 20N+1, 20N which progressively increases and is between 3 and 15 meters.

[0051] As for the reinforcement 23 of a foundation sole 14 or a stringer 15, it can be defined by an inertia steel beam of the IPN, IPE or HEA type. However, as illustrated in [Fig.6], they are advantageously in the form of a square or rectangular chain 24, where appropriate reinforced in the lower and / or upper part by reinforcing bars 25; 26 of suitable section.

[0052] Advantageously, these reinforcements 23 of a foundation sole 14 and a stringer 15 are mechanically connected at the height of their junction 27 under the posts 7 of the support structures 61 to 6N+1.

[0053] Furthermore, to this frame 23, at the height of this junction 27, is mechanically connected a receiving plate 28 on which the lower end 12 of a post 7 can be fixed for embedding type cooperation with the foundation infrastructure 13.

[0054] Note that both the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the reinforced concrete stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N can be of the prefabricated type, the reinforcements 23 of which are mechanically connected at the height of their junction 27.

[0055] Here again, at the height of this junction 27 of the reinforcements 23 of the foundation soles 14 made of prefabricated reinforced concrete with the reinforcement 23 of a stringer 15 also made of prefabricated reinforced concrete, a receiving plate 28 can be mechanically connected to which the lower end 12 of a post 7 can be fixed, this after solidification of a construction concrete definitively securing said foundation soles 14 and the prefabricated stringer 15 together.

[0056] The invention also relates to a method of installing a photovoltaic energy production unit 1 corresponding, in particular, to the preceding description, on a support surface 29, of the parking area type.

[0057] Such a support surface 29 comprises at least one surface layer 30, of the bituminous coating type, paving stones or other, and a compacted base layer 31.

[0058] Thus, in a first step, the location of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N is traced on this support surface 29. This consists of transferring onto the surface layer 30 the drawing corresponding to the periphery, seen in plan, of these foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and of these stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N.

[0059] This surface layer 30 and at least part of the base layer 31 are sawn, in particular by means of a material saw or chainsaw, following the line corresponding to this perimeter of these foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and of these stringers 151, 152, 153, . ..15N..

[0060] The cut part of these layers 30, 31 is then cleared at least to the sawn depth, for the production of trenches Ts, Tl with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, respectively, of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N.

[0061] It is understood, under these conditions, that the tracing carried out on the support surface 29 must correspond to the length and width of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N.

[0062] According to the invention, the depth 32 of the trench Ts; Tl produced for a foundation sole 14 and / or a stringer 15 is, depending on the case, either substantially equal to the height 16 of this foundation sole 14 and / or of this stringer 15, or deeper by a height 33 corresponding at least to the thickness 34 of the surface layer 30.

[0063] Optionally, in either case, the depth 32 of the trench Ts; Tl can be provided to accommodate a layer of clean concrete 35 at the bottom of the trench.

[0064] This optional layer of clean concrete 35, with a thickness p advantageously between 3 and 5 centimeters, is poured at the bottom of the trench, at this stage of the process according to the invention.

[0065] The next step consists of placing in the trenches Ts, Tl the reinforcements 23 of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N and connecting them together at the height of their junctions 27.

[0066] A receiving plate 28 is then mechanically connected to the reinforcements 23, at the height of these junctions 27 between the reinforcements of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and those of the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N, that is to say at the receiving locations of the lower ends 12 of the posts 7 of the support structures 61 to 6N+1.

[0067] It is important at this stage to adjust the positioning, in particular the altimetry, of the receiving plates 28, before pouring into the trenches Ts, Tl a construction concrete for the design, after hardening, of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N.

[0068] In the following step, the shade device 2 is built on the foundation infrastructure 13, in particular by fixing, for cooperation by embedding, the lower end 12 of the posts 7 on said receiving plates 28.

[0069] The installation method in the case of using prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation soles 14 and stringers 15 differs from that previously described in that, after having optionally poured a layer of clean concrete 35 at the bottom of trench Ts, Tl, a layer with a thickness advantageously between 3 and 5 centimeters, a prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation sole 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 is placed in each of the trenches Ts corresponding to the soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the prefabricated reinforced concrete stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N are also placed in the trenches Tl intended for them.

[0070] In a following step, the reinforcements 23 of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the prefabricated stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N are mechanically connected to each other at the height of the junctions 27 at the level of which a receiving plate 28 is also mechanically fixed to these reinforcements 23, intended to subsequently receive the lower end 12 of a post 7.

[0071] Here again, it is important, before the next step, to adjust the positioning, more particularly the altimetry, of these reception plates 28.

[0072] In the trenches Ts, Tl, a construction concrete is poured which, after solidification, permanently joins together said foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the prefabricated stringer(s) 151, 152, 153, ... 15N, defining the foundation infrastructure 13.

[0073] In the following step, the shade device 2 is built on this foundation infrastructure 13, in particular by fixing, for cooperation by embedding, the lower end 12 of the posts 7 on said receiving plates 28.

[0074] As indicated above, the depth 32 of the trenches Ts, Tl can be equal to the height 16 of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N. In this case, the upper face 36 of these foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and of these stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N. is positioned at the level of the surface layer 30 of the support surface 29. These foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and the stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N can thus contribute to the marking of the parking areas under the shade device 2.

[0075] If, on the contrary, this depth 32 of the trenches Ts, Tl is greater than the height 16 of the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N, over the height 33 above the latter and up to the level of the support surface 29, it may be provided to replace a filling layer of a material identical to or different from the surface layer 30 of this support surface 29.

[0076] In at least one of the trenches Ts, Tl made for receiving the foundation soles 141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1 and stringers 151, 152, 153, ... 15N can be pulled at least one sheath or sleeve for the passage, for example, of electrical connection cables of the photovoltaic panels 5. For example, such a sheath or sleeve can emerge at the height of a junction 27 for access to the tables 4 of photovoltaic panels 5 along a post 7 of a support structure 6.

[0077] Obviously, in these trenches Ts, Tl, foundation beams and sole plates can be installed other technical ducts.

Claims

Claims

1. Photovoltaic energy production unit comprising at least one shade device (2) comprising at least one table (4) of photovoltaic panels (5) resting on at least two support structures (61 to 6N+1) in the form of a bracket comprising a post (7) surmounted by a crosspiece (8) extending in a transverse direction (9a) perpendicular to a longitudinal direction (Dl) passing through the posts (7), the latter cooperating by embedding at their lower end (12) with a foundation infrastructure (13), characterized in that said foundation infrastructure (13) comprises a foundation sole (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) made of reinforced concrete extending under each of the posts (7) in a transverse direction (9b perpendicular to a longitudinal direction (Dl) and at least one stringer (151, 152, 153, ...15N) in reinforced concrete connecting said foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ...) together14N+1) in this longitudinal direction, in alignment with the posts (7), the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ...15N) having a height (16) and width (17) section of between 30 and 60 cm.

2. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) extend on one side of a longitudinal median plane (P) passing through the posts (7) over a length (201, 202, 203, ... 20N +1) at most equal to the length (L) plus one meter (1m) over which the table (4) of photovoltaic panels (5) extends in the transverse direction (9a), on the same side of this plane (P).

3. A photovoltaic power generation unit according to claim 1 or 2, the shade device (2) of which comprises two end support structures (61 and 6N+1) and several intermediate support structures (62 to 6N), characterized in that the foundation footings (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) under the posts (7) of the support structures (61 and 6N+1) at the longitudinal ends (21, 22) of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) are shorter than the length (202, 203, ... 20N) of the foundation footings (142, 143, ... 14N) on which the posts (7) of the intermediate support structures (62 to 6N) rest.

4. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to claim 3, characterized in that over a portion of length (pl, p2) extending from the longitudinal ends (21, 22) of the photovoltaic energy production unit (1), the foundation soles (61, 62, ... 6N+1, 6N) are defined with a length (201, 202, ... 20N, 20N+1) which progressively increases and is between 3 and 15 meters.

5. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a foundation sole (14) or a reinforced concrete stringer (15) comprises a frame (23) defined by an inertia steel beam of the IPN, IPE or HEA type.

6. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a foundation sole (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) or a stringer (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) made of reinforced concrete comprises a reinforcement (23) in the form of a square or rectangular chain (24), preferably reinforced in the lower and / or upper part by rebars (25; 26) of suitable section.

7. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the reinforcements (23) of a foundation sole (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and of a stringer (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) are mechanically connected at the height of their junction (27) under the posts (7) of the support structures (61 to 6N+1).

8. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to claim 7, characterized in that on these frames (23), at the height of their junction (27) is mechanically connected a receiving plate (28) designed to receive the lower end (12) of a post (7) for embedding-type cooperation with the foundation infrastructure (13).

9. Photovoltaic energy production unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringers (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) made of reinforced concrete are of the prefabricated type.

10. Method for installing a photovoltaic energy production unit according to claims 1 to 8 on a support surface (29), of the parking area type, comprising at least one surface layer (30), of the bituminous coating, paving stones or other type, and a compacted base layer (31), said energy production unit photovoltaic (1) comprising at least one shade device (2) comprising at least one table (4) of photovoltaic panels (5) resting on at least two support structures (61 to 6N+1) in the form of a bracket comprising a post (7) surmounted by a crosspiece (8) extending in a transverse direction (9a) perpendicular to a longitudinal direction (Dl) passing through the posts (7), the latter cooperating by embedding at their lower end (12) with a foundation infrastructure (13) comprising a reinforced concrete foundation sole (141, 142, 143, ... 14N +1) extending under each of the posts (7) in a transverse direction (9b) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (Dl) and at least one reinforced concrete stringer (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) connecting said foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) in the longitudinal direction (Dl) in alignment with the posts (7), this method consisting of: • to mark on the support surface (29 the location of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ...15N); • sawing the surface layer (30) and at least partly the base layer (31) at the level of the markings; • clearing the surface layer (30) and the base layer (31) to at least the depth sawn for the design of trenches (Ts, Tl) with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, as the case may be, of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ... 15N); • to install reinforcements (23), depending on the case of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) in the corresponding trenches (Ts; Tl) and to mechanically connect these reinforcements (23) at the height of the junctions (27) under the posts (7); • to mechanically connect to the reinforcements (23) a receiving plate (28) designed to receive the lower end (12) of a post (7) of a support structure (61 to 6N+1 at the height of the junctions between a sole of

11. foundation (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and a stringer (151, 152, 153, ...15N); • to adjust the positioning of the receiving plates (28); • to pour into the trenches (Ts, Tl) a concrete of construction for the design, after hardening, of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ...15N); • to build the shade device (2) on the foundation infrastructure (13), by fixing, for cooperation by embedding, the lower end (12) of the posts (7) on said receiving plates (28). Method for installing a photovoltaic energy production unit according to claims 1 to 9 on a support surface (29), of the parking area type, comprising at least one surface layer (30), of the bituminous, paved or other type, and a compacted base layer (31), said photovoltaic energy production unit (1) comprising at least one shade device (2) comprising at least one table (4) of photovoltaic panels (5) resting on at least two support structures (61 to 6N+1) in the form of a bracket comprising a post (7) surmounted by a crosspiece (8) extending in a transverse direction (9a) perpendicular to a longitudinal direction (Dl) passing through the posts (7), the latter cooperating by embedding at their lower end (12) with a foundation infrastructure (13) comprising a prefabricated reinforced concrete sole (141, 142, 143, ...14N +1) extending under each of the posts (7) in a transverse direction (9b) perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (Dl) and at least one prefabricated reinforced concrete beam (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) connecting said foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) together in the longitudinal direction in alignment with the posts (7), the method consisting of: • to mark on the support surface (29) the location of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ...15N); • sawing the surface layer (30) and at least partly the base layer (31) at the level of the markings; • clearing the surface layer (30) and the base layer (31) to at least the depth sawn for the design of trenches (Ts, Tl) with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, as the case may be, of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ... 15N); • placing in each of the trenches (Ts) a foundation sole (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) made of prefabricated reinforced concrete and placing the stringers (151, 152, 153, ... 15N) made of prefabricated reinforced concrete in the trenches (Tl) intended for them; • to mechanically connect the reinforcements (23 of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringers (151, 152, 153, ...15N) prefabricated at the height of the junctions (27); • to mechanically connect on these reinforcements (23) at the height of these junctions (27) a receiving plate (28) intended to receive the lower end (12) of a post (7); • to adjust the positioning of the receiving plates (28); • to pour in the trenches (Ts, Tl) a construction concrete for the design of the foundation infrastructure (13); • to build on the foundation infrastructure (13) the shade device (2), by fixing, for cooperation by embedding, the lower end (12) of the posts (7) on said receiving plates (28).

12. Method for installing a photovoltaic energy production unit according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that after having cleared the surface layer (30) and the base layer (31) to at least the depth sawn for the design of trenches (Ts, Tl) with dimensions adjusted to the section and length, as the case may be, of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and the stringer(s) (151, 152, 153, ... 15N), a layer of clean concrete (35) is poured at the bottom of the trench (Ts, Tl), to a thickness of between 3 and 5 centimeters.

13. Method of installing a photovoltaic energy production unit according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that in at least one of the trenches (Ts, Tl) made for the reception of the foundation soles (141, 142, 143, ... 14N+1) and stringers (151, 152, 153, ...15N) at least one technical sheath is drawn.

Images