CO2 absorption cartridge, ventilation system and method of manufacturing the cartridge

Abstract

The invention relates to a CO2 absorption cartridge configured to be integrated into a ventilation system of a building so as to be arranged in the passage of air. The absorption cartridge comprises an air-permeable media mounted on a frame and deposits of CO2 absorption material which are made on the media. The percentage of coverage of the absorption material on the surface of the media is defined as a function of an initial pressure drop of the air flow which is allowed, by the ventilation system, to the passage of the media in order to maintain suitable ventilation of the building. The invention also relates to a ventilation system, a method for manufacturing the cartridge and the installation for implementing the method [Figure for abstract: Fig.1]

Description

Title of the invention: CO2 absorption cartridge, ventilation system and method of manufacturing the cartridge Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption cartridge for a ventilation system. The invention also relates to the ventilation system which integrates the absorption cartridge according to the invention, but also to a method for manufacturing said cartridge and an installation for implementing the manufacturing method. Prior art

[0002] The increase in the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is one of the major concerns of the 21st century. At the time of writing this patent application, CO2 is recognized as one of the main greenhouse gases. These greenhouse gases are responsible for global warming, a phenomenon with potentially devastating consequences for our planet and its inhabitants. CO2 emissions are largely attributed to human activity, in particular the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production, industrial processes and modes of transport. Faced with this problem, in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 capture could constitute one solution among others to mitigate the phenomenon of global warming.

[0003] CO2 capture involves removing this gas from the atmosphere or emitting sources to store it permanently or to use it in useful applications, such as energy production, materials manufacturing or stimulating plant growth.

[0004] However, CO2 capture also raises several challenges and dilemmas. First, capture technologies must be efficient, affordable, and environmentally sustainable to be widely deployed globally. Furthermore, storing captured CO2 raises questions of safety and long-term environmental impact, particularly to prevent captured CO2 from being released into the atmosphere. Moreover, it is crucial to carefully assess the socio-economic and ethical implications of these technologies, taking into account issues such as equitable access to the benefits of CO2 capture and its potential effects on local communities and ecosystems.

[0005] In this context, GB2476638 describes a CO2 capture cartridge for use in gas, oil or wood boilers, water heaters or air heaters. The cartridge is designed to be placed between the chamber combustion and the point of release of gases into the atmosphere, thus reducing CO2 emissions produced by the combustion process. The cartridge is housed in a perforated casing filled with a CO2 capture medium, such as calcium oxide, lithium hydroxide, soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, activated carbon or a mixture of these substances.

[0006] The cartridge is designed to contain a CO2 capture means, such as specific chemicals or activated carbon, which react with the CO2 to trap it temporarily or permanently.

[0007] However, the CO2 capture solution in this document is limited to an application of filtering gases from a combustion chamber.

[0008] The invention aims to overcome all or part of these drawbacks. Statement of the invention

[0009] The invention aims to provide a technical solution for capturing CO2 for various applications in order to increase the use of CO2 capture solutions.

[0010] In this context, one embodiment of the invention relates to a CO2 absorption cartridge configured to be integrated into a ventilation system of a building so as to be arranged in the passage of air, the absorption cartridge comprising: - a frame of determined shape and dimensions, - an air-permeable medium which extends inside the frame and constitutes a useful surface for the passage of air, - a CO2 absorption material which is deposited on the surface of the medium, the deposition of the absorption material having an impact on the surface of the medium which corresponds to a determined percentage of the surface of the medium, said percentage being defined as a function of an initial pressure drop of the air flow which is permitted during the passage of the medium in order to maintain suitable ventilation of the building.

[0011] The carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption cartridge can thus be integrated into ventilation systems and in particular into external units such as air / air or air / water heat pumps in ventilation systems. It is thus possible to capture atmospheric CO2, in particular through the intake inlet of the heat pump. However, the addition of a medium in an airflow circuit produces static pressure as the air flow passes. This static pressure can cause a pressure drop in the airflow network. Taking this into consideration, the inventor has defined a percentage of the surface area of ​​the medium covered by the absorption material which makes it possible to comply with the pressure drops recommended by the manufacturers. A cartridge conforming to the invention can thus be installed on the systems ventilation from a large number of ventilation equipment manufacturers. However, the CO2 absorption capacities of said absorption material are limited, so it is necessary to replace it periodically as described in this document.

[0012] In this document, the percentage of coverage of the CO2 absorption material corresponds to the surface area of ​​the medium which is covered by the deposit of said material relative to the total surface area of ​​the medium.

[0013] [Gap of CO2 absorption material]

[0014] In embodiments, the deposition of the CO2 absorption material may be carried out on a single face of the media. The deposition of CO2 absorption material may also be carried out on both faces of the media. Such a double-sided deposition may be useful when the absorption cartridge is mounted on the outdoor unit of a ventilation system.

[0015] In embodiments, the initial pressure drop allowed may be between 30 and 80 Pa. The pressure drop is defined in an air circuit on either side of the absorption cartridge as described in the experimental part.

[0016] In embodiments, said percentage of coverage of the deposition of the CO2 absorption material on the surface of the medium may be between 4 and 50%, preferably, said percentage may be between 10% and 40%, more preferably said percentage may be between 20% and 30%. The inventor surprisingly discovered that the influence of the percentage coverage of the absorption material was low or even negligible, when the percentage is less than 50%, preferably less than or equal to 40% of the surface of the medium. The experimental part sets out data which justify this surprising effect in particular when the medium does not include filters. When the medium includes a filter the percentage coverage is less important because the filter produces a greater static pressure as shown in the experimental part.Thus, when the medium comprises a filter, the percentage of coverage may be between 4 and 20%, preferably, the percentage of coverage for a medium comprising a filter may be between 5 and 16%. Preferably, the percentage of coverage corresponds to the percentage of coverage of a face of the medium whether it comprises a filter or not. Each face of the medium may thus comprise a percentage of coverage in accordance with the invention.

[0017] In embodiments, the deposition of CO2 absorption material may be distributed, on the surface of the media, by alternating absorption material deposition zones and air passage zones which are not covered with CO2 absorption material, the alternation of said zones being random or geometric. The alternation of the zone of material deposition and air passage area helps reduce the pressure losses produced by the absorption cartridge when the air flow passes through.

[0018] In particular, in embodiments, the deposition of CO2 absorption material may be distributed on the media according to one or more absorption units. In particular, the absorption units may comprise one or more determined geometric shapes.

[0019] In embodiments, the CO2 absorption material may be distributed on the surface of the medium in rod-shaped deposits of determined dimensions. In particular, the rods may have a diameter of between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 16 mm. The larger the diameter, the greater the volume of absorption material, which improves the CO2 capture capacity of the cartridge by only slightly modifying the percentage of the absorption material's grip on the medium, see experimental section. Indeed, the width dimension of each rod that is in grip on the medium is less than its diameter. The experimental data which justify this surprising phenomenon.

[0020] In embodiments, the footprint area can be increased by increasing the number of sticks arranged on the surface of the media. The installer can thus play on several parameters to obtain a footprint area conforming to the invention.

[0021] In embodiments, the rods may be arranged in parallel on the media. The dimensions and arrangement of the rods improve the CO2 absorption capacity by controlling the impact this has on the static pressure on the media as the airflow passes through.

[0022] In embodiments, the cartridge may include an air gap between the material deposits that may be between 1 and 5 cm. This allows the media to be loaded without increasing the static pressure that is produced as the airflow passes through the cartridge.

[0023] In embodiments, the rods may comprise an external reinforcement. The external reinforcement improves the cohesion of the material which is formed into rods.

[0024] In embodiments, the cross-section of each rod may take different shapes such as circular or rectangular or triangular.

[0025] [CO2 absorption material]

[0026] In embodiments, the CO2 absorption material may be configured to absorb CO2 by carbonation. Absorption by carbonation allows the carbonated material to be used for other purposes or subsequently regenerated by trapping CO2 during its regeneration.

[0027] In embodiments, the CO2 absorption material is selected from the following substances: calcium oxide, lithium hydroxide, soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, activated carbon or a mixture of these substances.

[0028] In embodiments, the CO2 absorption material comprises calcium oxide. Calcium oxide has the advantage of being able to be produced at low cost and in large quantities.

[0029] [Media]

[0030] In embodiments, the media may comprise meshes of determined dimensions, preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions between 3 mm x 2 mm and 10 mm x 8 mm, more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions between 4 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 5 mm, and more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions of 5 mm x 4 mm. The mesh of the media makes it possible to reduce the static pressure which is exerted around the cartridge when an air flow passes. The load of absorption material can thus be increased. According to this embodiment, the absorption cartridge can be mounted at the outlet or at the inlet of a compressor of an external unit of a ventilation system.

[0031] In embodiments, the media may comprise a material selected from the following list: polyester, polyethylene, glass fibers, natural fibers such as linen, hemp, jute or cotton or a mixture of these materials. Advantageously, the natural fibers may be flame retardant beforehand.

[0032] In embodiments, the media may comprise an air filter, preferably the air filter comprises a thickness of between 10 mm and 120 mm, the thickness extending in the direction of circulation of the air flow. According to these embodiments, the cartridge may be installed in the ventilation ducts of a VMC or a ducted type air conditioning system.

[0033] In embodiments, the air filter may comprise a porous polymeric material such as polyester, polyethylene, etc.

[0034] [Frame]

[0035] In embodiments, the shape and dimensions of the frame are adapted to a cross-section of an air duct and / or to the dimensions of a fan inlet and / or to the dimensions and shape of a ventilation inlet. For example, the frame can be rectangular or square but also circular depending on the shape of the duct and / or the opening inlet of a fan / compressor.

[0036] In embodiments, the frame comprises a metallic material such as galvanized steel. The frame can thus be reused while the media is replaced and refilled with CO2 absorption material.

[0037] Depending on the dimensions of the air ducts and / or fans, the frame can have several dimensions such as, for square frames, 500x500 mm, 600x600 mm, 700x700 mm.

[0038] [Ventilation system]

[0039] One embodiment of the invention relates to a ventilation system comprising a CO2 absorption cartridge according to the invention, the system comprising at least one support configured to place said cartridge in an air flow produced by a fan.

[0040] In embodiments, the support is disposed on a suction or ventilation inlet of an external unit of an air conditioning system.

[0041] In embodiments, said support may be arranged in an air duct, for example, as part of a ducted air conditioning system or a VMC type air extraction system.

[0042] Note that a ducted type ventilation system may also include a support for the absorption cartridge according to the invention on the external unit of the ventilation system.

[0043] [Method for manufacturing an absorption cartridge]

[0044] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a CO2 absorption cartridge defined according to an embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing method comprising: - Powdering of the CO2 absorption material, - Extrusion of CO2 absorption material, - The deposition of said extruded absorption material on a medium according to a specific arrangement, - Cutting the media loaded with extruded CO2 absorption material, and - Fixing the cut media loaded with CO2 material on a frame.

[0045] In embodiments, during extrusion, the absorption material may be shaped into a rod which may then be deposited on the surface of the media.

[0046] In embodiments, the method may perform simultaneous extrusion of multiple rods.

[0047] In embodiments, the method may comprise reinforcing the rod(s). In particular, the method may comprise a step of tying the rod to maintain the cohesion of the CO2 absorption material.

[0048] In embodiments, the invention also relates to a manufacturing machine for manufacturing a CO2 absorption cartridge according to the invention. The manufacturing machine comprising an extruder configured to produce one or more strands of CO2 absorption material, the extruder being supplied with CO2 absorption material. In particular, the machine can include a hopper that feeds the extruder with CO2 absorption material to carry out the extrusion. The machine may also include means for driving a width of media, the drive means being arranged at the outlet of the extruder. The strand(s) are then deposited on the width at the outlet of the extruder. Advantageously, the drive means are configured so that the speed of movement of the width is correlated with the speed of extrusion of the strand(s).

[0049] In embodiments, the manufacturing machine may comprise a module for stiffening the strand(s) being formed. This module is configured to allow the placement of a reinforcement around the strand(s) being formed. For example, the stiffening module may comprise a rotating die at the outlet of each die of the extruder which deposits a strand of string by rotating around the outlet of the die of the extruder. The stiffening module may also comprise a fixed die arranged at the outlet of each die of the extruder. The fixed die then deposits a string longitudinally for each strand being formed.

[0050] In embodiments, the manufacturing machine may include a tool for cutting the media width, the cutting tool being arranged and configured to cut the media supporting the one or more rods of absorption material. Brief description of the drawings

[0051] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

[0052] [Fig.l], [Fig.2], [Fig.3], [Fig.4], [Fig.5], [Fig.6] are representations of embodiments of CO2 absorption cartridges which are in accordance with the invention.

[0053] [Fig.7] is a schematic representation of several cross-sections that the rods of CO2 absorption materials may take in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

[0054] [Fig.8] is a schematic representation of a ventilation system, an external unit for example, the compressor of a heat pump, integrating a CO2 absorption cartridge conforming to an embodiment of the invention.

[0055] [Fig.9] is a schematic representation of a ventilation system, an external unit, for example, the compressor of a heat pump, integrating a CO2 absorption cartridge conforming to an embodiment of the invention.

[0056] [Fig. 10] is a representation of a flowchart schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a CO2 absorption cartridge according to the invention.

[0057] [Fig. 11] is a side schematic representation of a machine for manufacturing a media on which CO2 absorption material is deposited in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

[0058] [Fig. 12] is a schematic representation of an experimental installation which made it possible to carry out tests in order to define the pressure drop produced by the CO2 absorption cartridge as a function of the surface area of ​​the absorption material on the media. Description of the embodiments

[0059] With reference to [Fig.l] to 6, the invention relates to a CO2 absorption cartridge 100 configured to be integrated into a ventilation system 200 of a building. In particular, the CO2 absorption cartridge 100 is integrated into the air passage in the ventilation system 200.

[0060] Indeed, each building includes a ventilation system for extracting or blowing air, in order to renew the air circulating in this building. Furthermore, technological advances have made air conditioning systems, also called reversible air conditioning, more energy-efficient. However, the development of these air conditioning systems is largely motivated by the need to provide efficient thermal comfort throughout the year. Indeed, these systems not only allow the interior of buildings to be cooled during hot periods, but also to be heated when it is cold. The inventor has thus developed a CO2 absorption cartridge 100 suitable for use in a ventilation system to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and / or carbon dioxide present in the ventilation network or in the ventilated rooms of this building.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the absorption cartridge 100 comprises a frame 101 configured to be integrated, in a ventilation system 200, for the passage of air. This is why the shape and dimensions of the frame 101 may be different in order to be adapted to the inlet of an air duct, to the inlet of a ventilation outlet of a ventilated room, or to the inlet of a fan of the ventilation system. In particular, the frame 101 may be adapted to be fixed to the inlet of the fan of a compressor of an external unit of an air conditioning system. The cartridge 100 can then absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

[0062] According to the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, the frame 101 may be rectangular or circular. The frame 101 according to the invention may also take other geometric shapes which may be oval, quadrangular, triangular, etc.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the dimensions of the frame 100 can be defined by the diagonal when the frame 101 is a rectangle or by the diameter when the frame 100 is circular. The diagonal or the diameter of the frame 101 can be between 400 mm and 1000 mm. These dimensions make it possible to use the frame 101 in air duct or fan vents whose dimensions can be 500x500 mm, 600x600 mm, 700x700 mm. However, according to the invention, the dimensions can be adapted to all types of air vent or fan dimensions.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the frame 101 can be made of a rigid material belonging to the family of metals. In particular, the frame 101 can be made of steel. Note that galvanized steel is particularly suitable for integrating the absorption cartridge 100 into a ventilation system 200. Galvanized steel constitutes a good compromise in terms of production costs and fire resistance.

[0065] As can be seen in Figures 1 to 6, the frame 101 delimits by its internal edge the useful surface for the passage of air. However, according to one embodiment, the absorption cartridge 100 comprises an air-permeable medium 102. In these embodiments, the medium 102 is represented schematically by a gridded surface which extends inside the frame 101. The medium 102 constitutes the useful surface for the passage of air.

[0066] The inventor has noticed that one of the problems in developing the absorption cartridge 100 for the ventilation systems 200 concerns the static pressure that occurs at the cartridge. Indeed, if this static pressure is too high, it can lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the ventilation system 200. Of course, such a situation should be avoided so that manufacturers of ventilation equipment do not oppose the use of the absorption cartridge 100 with their equipment.

[0067] With this in mind, according to one embodiment, the media 102 may comprise meshes of determined dimensions. The meshes make it possible to ensure the air permeability of the media and thus to reduce the static pressure generated by the media 102 within the ventilation system 200. Preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions of between 3 mm x 2 mm and 10 mm x 8 mm, more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions of between 4 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 5 mm, and more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions of 5 mm x 4 mm.

[0068] In addition, the media 102 may comprise a material selected from the following list: polyester, polyethylene, glass fibers, natural fibers such as linen, hemp, jute, cotton or a mixture of these materials. The natural fibers may be flame retardant beforehand.

[0069] Such a permeable media can be used to be integrated into ventilation systems that do not require air filtration, such as outdoor units for air conditioning systems using heat pumps (HP), controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), air treatment systems such as double flow CMV, purifiers, and generally compressors or all heat pump systems.

[0070] According to another embodiment, the media 102 comprises an air filter, the media can then be described as a filtering media. The air filter is useful in all applications which require the use of a filter such as ventilation of a building, ducted air conditioning which comprises air return grilles equipped with air filters. Preferably, the air filter comprises a thickness of between 10 mm and 120 mm. The thickness of the filter is a dimension which is perpendicular to the surface of the media 102 and extends in the direction of circulation of the air flow passing through the filter. According to one embodiment, the air filter can comprise a porous polymeric material such as polyester, polyethylene, but also fibrous materials such as paper.

[0071] According to embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, the CO2 absorption cartridge 100 may comprise a CO2 absorption material 103 which is distributed on the surface of the media 102. The absorption material 103 can thus absorb carbon dioxide from the air flow passing through the media 102 of the absorption cartridge 100.

[0072] The distribution of the carbon dioxide absorption material 103 on the medium 102 thus increases the static pressure which is produced at the absorption cartridge 100. This is why, according to one embodiment, the deposition of the absorption material 103 comprises an area on the medium 102 which corresponds to a determined percentage of the surface of the medium 102. In particular, the percentage of surface of the medium 102 which is covered with the absorption material is defined as a function of an initial pressure drop allowed by the ventilation system 200 when the medium 102 passes through in order to maintain suitable ventilation of the building. The absorption material 103 can be arranged on a single face or on both faces of the medium 102.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the initial pressure drop permitted in the ventilation system 200 may be between 30 and 80 Pa. The inventor has defined the initial pressure drop permitted by basing it on the initial pressure drops permitted at the air filters which are integrated into the ventilation system. For example, an air filter arranged in the stale air intake for an air conditioning system using a ducted installation. The permitted pressure drops are also defined by the ventilation equipment manufacturers.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the inventor has defined, taking into consideration the authorized initial pressure losses, that the percentage of coverage of the absorption material deposit 103 on the surface of the media 102 can be between 4 and 50 %. Said percentage of coverage by the deposition of the CO2 absorption material 103 on the surface of the medium 102 can also be between 10 and 40%. The percentage of coverage can also be between 20 and 30%. The percentage of coverage was determined by experimental results which are set out below in the experimental part of the description. Thus, when the medium comprises a filter or filtering medium, in accordance with the experimental part, the filter produces a higher static pressure and induces a greater pressure drop than the simple medium.

[0075] Therefore, the maximum percentage of coverage of the absorption material deposit on the surface of the filter medium is lower than for a simple medium. In this case, the coverage percentage can be between 4 and 20% and preferably between 5 and 16%. When the two faces of the medium respectively comprise absorption material deposits 103, each face can comprise a coverage percentage as described when only one face of the medium 102 comprises the CO2 absorption material deposit.

[0076] According to embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, the deposition of the CO2 absorption material 103 is distributed on the surface of the medium 102 by alternating zones of deposition of absorption material 103 with zones devoid of said material which allow the passage of an air flow through the medium 102. The zones devoid of deposition are visible according to a grid pattern which represents the medium 102.

[0077] According to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 4, the frame 101 has a rectangular and more particularly square shape. The deposit of absorption material 103 is made in the form of rods 104 with regard in any case to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3. Each rod can be considered here as a CO2 absorption unit. Nevertheless, the deposits of CO2 absorption material 103 can be made according to other geometric shapes such as circles, triangles, parallelepipeds etc.

[0078] As illustrated in [Fig.l], the rods 104 may extend longitudinally continuously on the media 102 from an inner edge of the frame 101 to the opposite inner edge of said frame. In the embodiment of [Fig.l], the rods are parallel to each other and are of the same dimensions. This embodiment makes it possible to simplify the deposition of the absorption material 103 on the media 102.

[0079] According to the embodiment of [Fig.2], the absorption cartridge 100 comprises an alternation of discontinuous rods 104 between two opposite internal edges of the frame 101 and continuous rods 104 between the two internal edges of the frame 101. The rods 104, whether continuous or discontinuous, have the same dimensions in terms of width of the deposit on the medium 102. In addition, the rods 104 are also arranged parallel to each other.

[0080] [Fig. 3] illustrates another embodiment, in which the rods 104 distal to the central rod extend longitudinally between two opposite internal edges of the frame 101. These distal rods have a grip on the media 102 whose thickness is greater than the other rods 104. Furthermore, the central rod 104 extends longitudinally on either side of the transverse median axis of the frame 101 over a distance which is less than the distance between the two opposite internal edges of the frame 101. The two other rods 104 which are proximal to the central rod 104 extend longitudinally over a distance greater than that of the central rod and a distance less than that of the distal rods.

[0081] Another embodiment is illustrated in [Fig.4], still with a square-shaped frame 101, the deposition of the CO2 absorption material 103 is carried out by rods 104 which are arranged so as to form squares arranged coaxially and of increasing dimensions starting from the center of the frame 101 to the internal edges of the frame 101. Note that the thickness of the rods is also different depending on the position of the square formed by the rods 104, for example, the central square has thicker rods than the square which frames it. Note that other arrangements of rods can be envisaged in accordance with the present invention.

[0082] The frame 101 has a circular shape in the embodiments of Figures 5 and 6. In particular, in the example of [Fig.5], the CO2 absorption cartridge 100 comprises rods 104 which extend between two internal edges of the frame 101 which are opposite relative to a transverse median axis of the frame 101. According to this embodiment, the rods 104 are arranged in parallel and have different thicknesses in terms of their coverage on the medium 102. In particular, the thickness of the rods decreases from the central rod 104 to the distal rods. Here, the rods 104 are arranged symmetrically, however a random arrangement respecting the percentage coverage of the deposit of the CO2 absorption material 103 described previously is also in accordance with the invention.

[0083] [Fig. 6] illustrates an embodiment in which the rods 104 are arranged so as to intersect. Although here the frame 101 is circular, it is also possible to intersect the rods 104 in a frame 101 of a different shape.

[0084] Generally, when the rods 104 are arranged parallel to each other, they are separated from each other by an air gap 105 of determined dimensions. The air gap 105 is shown diagrammatically in [Fig.2] by a double arrow. According to one embodiment, the air gap 105 can be between 1 cm and 5 cm regardless of the arrangement of the rods 105 as long as they are parallel.

[0085] Furthermore, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 6, the sticks 104 of the same absorption cartridge 100 may have a different grip width on the media 102. Thus, according to another embodiment, the width of each stick 104 in grip on the media may be between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 18 mm, and more preferably the sticks have a width between 13 mm and 16 mm.

[0086] [Fig. 7] illustrates several embodiments that relate to the cross-sectional shape of the rods 104. Table 1 below lists and describes the various cross-sectional shapes of rods that are illustrated in [Fig. 7]. [Tables 1] Rod Reference Rod Cross-Section Shape 1040 Square 1041 Triangular, base of triangle in contact with media 1042 Two curved sides and two flattened sides, one of which is in contact with media 1043 Rounded with a flat in contact with media 1044 Circular 1045 Oval 1046 Inverted Truncated Conic, the truncation in contact with media 1047 Rectangular 1048 Pentagonal, the base of the pentagon in contact with media

[0087] The inventor has observed that cross sections that flare away from the media 102 improve carbon dioxide capture. Thus, cross sections 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, and 1048 are more effective. In addition, the flared cross sections reduce the static pressure exerted on the CO2 absorption cartridge 100.

[0088] According to an embodiment illustrated in [Fig.l], the rods 104 may comprise an external reinforcement 106 to improve their cohesion. In [Fig.l], the rod 104 which is on the left is shown with a reinforcement 106 which extends longitudinally and radially ties the rod 104 along its length. It is also a string which may be used to make the reinforcement. A strand 1060 of string may extend longitudinally by turning around the rod 104, it is shown in [Fig.l] by hatching which is repeated along the length of the rod 104. Another strand of string 1061 may extend longitudinally along a longitudinal axis of the rod 104. Here, a single rod 104 is shown with a frame 106, however, according to one embodiment, it should be noted that several rods or even all the rods 104 of the same absorption cartridge 100 may comprise such a frame 106.

[0089] [CO2 absorption material]

[0090] According to one embodiment of the invention, the inventor has chosen to use a CO2 absorption material 103 which makes it possible to absorb CO2 by carbonation. In particular, the CO2 absorption material 103 may be chosen from the following substances: calcium oxide, lithium hydroxide, soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, activated carbon or a mixture of these substances.

[0091] According to a preferred embodiment, the CO2 absorption material comprises calcium oxide. Indeed, calcium oxide (CaO), which is also known as quicklime. This mineral chemical compound has well-known CO2 absorption properties by carbonation. Carbonation of calcium oxide allows limestone (CaCO3) to be formed according to the chemical equation below:

[0092] [Formula 1]

[0093] CaO(solid} + COi(ga^ “* CaC O^solid)

[0094] It is thus known that one kilo of quicklime is capable of absorbing approximately 120 liters of CO2. This material is advantageously inexpensive and available in abundance because it can be produced by calcining limestone at 825°C.

[0095] Advantageously, the limestone produced by the carbonation of the material deposited on the medium 102 can then be decarbonated by calcination or used as a construction material for example.

[0096] [Ventilation system]

[0097] As illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, one embodiment also relates to a ventilation system 200 which integrates at least one CO2 absorption cartridge 100 according to the invention. According to these embodiments, the absorption cartridge 100 is mounted at the rear of the exchanger 201 of an outdoor unit 202 of the air / air heat pump type. This position corresponds to the suction inlet of the fan of the exchanger 201. Conventionally, the outdoor unit 202 comprises a compressor 203 and an expansion valve 204 which are respectively connected to an indoor unit 205. As illustrated, the ventilation system 200 comprises a support 206 configured to receive the absorption cartridge 100. The support 206 may comprise at least two rails 2060 which are configured to cooperate with two edges of the frame 101 of the cartridge 100. In particular, the two rails 2060 are arranged so as to cooperate with two opposite edges of the frame 101 of the cartridge 100.

[0098] According to the embodiment of [Fig.8], the indoor unit 205 comprises a box 2050 which incorporates a heat exchanger 2051 and a fan 2052. The box 2050 is here fixed to the interior wall of the building 300, the box 2050 is thus configured to diffuse the air directly into the room of the building.

[0099] According to the embodiment of [Fig.9], the ventilation system 200 is of the ducted type. As such, the indoor unit 205 is arranged in a ceiling / false ceiling or technical room. The indoor unit 205 comprises a box 2050 which integrates an exchanger 2051, at least one fan 2052 which blows air into an air distribution plenum 2053. Air distribution ducts 2054 extend from the plenum 2053 to ventilation outlets 2055 which respectively ventilate a room of the building 300. The ducts 2054 may be air supply or air return ducts. As illustrated, the absorption cartridge 100 may be mounted in the supply ducts 2054 or in the air return ducts 2054. The absorption cartridge 100 can also be mounted at the ventilation outlets 2055.

[0100] As regards the external unit 202, according to another embodiment, the support 206 can also be arranged on the front face of said unit, the absorption cartridge 100 is then arranged at the outlet of the extraction inlet of the fan of the exchanger 201. However, it is preferable to use the rear face because the surface area of ​​the suction inlet is larger than that of the extraction inlet which is located on the front face of the external unit.

[0101] [Method for manufacturing an absorption cartridge]

[0102] As illustrated in [Fig.10], one embodiment relates to a method of manufacturing 500 a CO2 absorption cartridge according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the manufacturing method 500 may comprise the powdering 501 of a CO2 absorption material. According to one embodiment, when the absorption material 103 comprises calcium oxide, the powdering 501 may comprise the calcination of the limestone to produce calcium oxide as described above. The powdering 501 may comprise a step of mechanically reducing the lime to form a powder. The mechanical reduction may be carried out by grinding and / or kneading the product of the limestone calcination reaction.

[0104] According to the embodiment of [Fig. 10], the manufacturing method 500 may comprise the extrusion 502 of the CO2 absorption material 103 which is located in powder form is compacted and then extruded in the form of a sausage. The sausage comprises a pasty substance in order to form a rod 104 which is deposited on the medium 102.

[0105] [Fig. 11] illustrates a machine 600 for manufacturing a media 102 comprising deposits of the CO2 absorption material which is in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Said machine 600 comprises a hopper 601 which constitutes a reserve of calcium oxide powder. The hopper 601 feeds an endless screw 602 which conveys the calcium oxide powder to the extruder 603. The extruder 603 compacts the calcium oxide powder to form a pasty substance which is extruded in the form of one or more strands 700. Advantageously, the extruder 603 may comprise a determined number of dies 604 which are arranged at the outlet of the extruder 603 and spaced apart from each other by a distance corresponding to the air gap 105. The manufacturing method 500 can thus simultaneously extrude several strands 700.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the manufacturing method 500 may comprise a step 503 of reinforcing the calcium oxide deposit. During this step, a reinforcement 106 is deployed around the strand 700 during extrusion in order to enclose it. In particular, the part of the strand 700 which leaves the die is surrounded radially by the deposit of a first strand 1060 of string. For this purpose, a rotating die 605 may be mounted at the outlet of the extruder 603 (see [Fig. 11]). According to the manufacturing method 500, a second strand 1061 of string is deposited longitudinally on the strand 700 being formed. In the example of [Fig. 11], the machine 600 comprises a fixed die 606 configured to deposit the second strand 1061 longitudinally on the strand 700 being formed. The rotary die 605 and the fixed die 606 can be fed with twine.

[0107] According to the embodiment of [Fig. 10], the manufacturing method 500 may comprise the deposition 504 of the calcium oxide rod 700 on a medium 102. Advantageously, the medium 102 may be driven in movement simultaneously with the extrusion of the rod 700 in order to directly deposit the rod(s) being formed on the surface of the medium 102. In the example of [Fig. 11], a width 800 of medium is driven in rotation by rotation means, such as one or more drive rollers 607. Here, the width 800 is arranged at the outlet of the extruder 603 so as to directly receive the rod(s) 700 being formed. The rod(s) are thus deposited longitudinally on the width 800 throughout their formation by longitudinal extension. The web travel speed 800 can be adjusted relative to the extrusion speed to improve the manufacturing process 500.

[0108] The manufacturing method 500 may also comprise a step 505 of cutting the width 800 to the dimensions of the frame 101. During the cutting step 505, the width 800 of media 102 is cut but the rod(s) 700 are also cut in order to form the rods 104 of calcium oxide. Depending on the dimensions of the frame 101, the cutting can be adapted and several dimensions of width 800 can be used. When it is desired to manufacture an absorption cartridge 100 comprising a filter medium, a width 800 of filter material is directly used in a process identical to that described in figures 10 and 11.

[0109] The manufacturing method 500 may comprise a step of attaching the cut media 102 to the frame in order to form the CO2 absorption cartridge 100. This step consists of attaching the media 102 to the frame 101, for example, by gluing or clamping in a peripheral groove provided in the internal edges of the frame 101.

[0110] As illustrated in [Fig. 10], the manufacturing method 500 may comprise a step 507 of packaging the CO2 absorption cartridge 100. The packaging step 507 may be carried out under vacuum. This step makes it possible to reduce the exchanges between the air and the calcium oxide rods 104 which have a limited CO2 absorption capacity. The packaging improves the duration of the replacement cycles of the absorption cartridges 100. Indeed, when the material which composes the rods 104 has been entirely carbonated, it can no longer capture CO2. The absorption cartridge 100 must therefore be replaced periodically. For example, the absorption cartridge 100 may be replaced every 3 to 6 months. [YES] [Experimental Part]

[0112] [Fig. 12] illustrates an experimental installation 900 which was used by the inventor to determine the percentage of coverage of the CO2 absorption material on the media 102 as a function of the pressure drop which is defined by the ventilation equipment manufacturers.

[0113] The installation 900 comprises a production unit 901 of an air flow which feeds a first air duct 902. The latter is fluidically connected to a box 903 for diffusing the air flow. The box 903 has larger dimensions than the duct 902 which makes it possible to homogenize the air flow. A drawer 904 is installed in the box 903 so as to position an absorption cartridge 905 perpendicular to the air flow. The air flow is shown here diagrammatically by a dotted arrow. The drawer 904 is arranged in the center of the box 903 which communicates with a second air duct 906 which is located downstream of the absorption cartridge 905. A first pressure and flow sensor 907 is mounted upstream of said cartridge at the level of the first duct 902, while a second pressure and flow sensor 908 is mounted downstream of said cartridge, in particular, in the second air duct 906.

[0114] The following experiments consist of testing cartridges which are loaded with different quantities of calcium oxide, in particular, the inventor to carry out

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] several tests in which using percentages of calcium oxide coverage on the surface of the media 102 which are different. The pressure measurements upstream and downstream of the absorption cartridge 905 make it possible to define the pressure loss produced by said cartridge in the box 903. During each test, the inventor recorded the incoming and outgoing flow rates of the box 903 as well as the upstream and downstream pressures of the absorption cartridge 905. [Experiment 1] First, the inventor carried out a control experiment 1 in which drawer 904 is empty. The objective of this control experiment is to verify that installation 900 has a low pressure drop between the two measurement points. In all the tables which present the results of the experimental measurements, the values ​​P inlet and P outlet correspond respectively to the downstream and upstream pressures of the box 903. Similarly, the inlet flow rate and outlet flow rate correspond respectively to the flow rates measured upstream and downstream of the box 903 and therefore of the drawer 904 which supports the absorption cartridge 905. [Tables 2] Results Experiment 1 P inlet 10 Pa P outlet 3 Pa Inlet flow 975 m3 / h Outlet flow 940 m3 / h In this experiment 1, a low pressure loss is noted, on the one hand, in terms of pressure which here is 7 Pascal (Pa), and on the other hand, in terms of flow rate with a loss of only 35 m3 / h. These pressure losses are attributed to box 903 and can be used as a basis for comparison. These pressure losses are low and validate good manufacturing of the installation without sealing defects. [Experiment 2] In experiment 2, drawer 904 is loaded with an absorption cartridge 905 whose media includes an ISOPREFIL® polyester air filter of type G4 marketed by the company ISOFILTER®. This type of filter is used as standard on all ducted ventilation systems or VMC. [Tables 3] Results Experiment 2 P inlet 57 Pa P outlet 12 Pa Inlet flow rate 942 m3 / h Outlet flow rate 926 m3 / h

[0122] A pressure drop of 45 Pa is observed, which is in accordance with the manufacturers' prerogatives; in fact, the latter recommend a pressure drop of between 30 and 80 Pa, and more particularly between 50 and 70 Pa.

[0123] Experiment 2 confirms the possibility of using a polyester filter as a media because the pressure loss it produces is lower than the manufacturers' prerogatives.

[0124] [Experiment 3]

[0125] During experiment 3, drawer 904 is loaded with an absorption cartridge 905 whose media comprises an ISOPREFIL® polyester air filter of type G4 marketed by the company ISOFILTER®.

[0126] The air filter is square and has sides of 500 mm, the surface area of ​​the filter is therefore 250000 mm2. On the surface of the media constituted by the air filter, seven calcium oxide rods of 16 mm diameter are distributed on one face of the air filter. The rods extend between two internal edges of the frame, thus a rod has a lateral / transverse footprint of 4 mm which corresponds to the width of the rod and a longitudinal footprint of 500 mm which corresponds to the length of the rod.

[0127] The surface area of ​​the rods on the filter can be calculated as follows (4x500) x 7 = 14,000 mm2. This corresponds to 5.6% of the surface area of ​​the filter. Note that the total volume of the rods distributed on the filter is 0.703 liters. According to the invention, the surface area of ​​the rods corresponds to the surface area of ​​the CO2 absorption material on the surface of the media. [Tables 4] Results Experiment 3 P inlet 58 Pa P outlet 13 Pa Inlet flow 941 m3 / h Outlet flow 928 m3 / h

[0128] Here we note a pressure drop of 45 Pa which is similar to the pressure drop measured in the control experiment 2. Surprisingly, we note that when the grip surface occupied by the sticks is of the order of 5%, the sticks do not modify the static pressure which is applied to the absorption cartridge 905.

[0129] [Experiment 4]

[0130] Experiment 4 differs from experiment 3 in that the filter is loaded with nine 10 mm diameter rods. This corresponds to a footprint of 13,500 mm2 (3 mm x 500 mm x 9) which represents 5.4% of the filter surface. The volume of the rods is, however, smaller than for experiment 3 since it represents 0.275 liters. [Tables 5] Results Experiment 4 P inlet 56 Pa P outlet 13 Pa Inlet flow 945 m3 / h Outlet flow 941 m3 / h

[0131] Here we note a pressure loss of 43 Pa and a flow rate of 4 m3 / h. The small difference between 10 mm and 16 mm diameter rods for experiment 3 in relation to the difference in the total volume of the rods shows that the pressure loss / absorption capacity ratio which depends on the volume is more favorable for the 16 mm diameter rods for their use on a medium which includes an air filter.

[0132] [Experiment 5]

[0133] For experiment 5, drawer 903 is loaded with a CO2 absorption cartridge 905 which has a square-shaped frame with sides 500 mm long. The media mounted on the frame is a polyester support which has 5x4mm polyester mesh. The media is loaded on one side with seven 16 mm rods. The surface area of ​​the rods on the surface of the media corresponds to 14,000 mm2, while the total volume of the rods is 0.703 liters. This surface area represents a percentage of 5.6% of the surface area of ​​the media. [Tableauxô] Results Experiment 5 P inlet 13 Pa P outlet 4 Pa ​​Inlet flow 974 m3 / h Outlet flow rate 935 m3 / h

[0134] Here we note a pressure drop of 9 Pa and relatively low pressure values ​​in comparison with experiment 3 which uses the same configuration of rods which are arranged on a G4 filter. This means that the 5x4mm mesh polyester media produces a very low static pressure at the absorption cartridge 905. This static pressure is moreover only 2 Pa higher than the control experiment 1 in which the drawer 903 is empty.

[0135] As the ventilation of the compressors of the outdoor units is calibrated to the working pressure. This low static pressure makes it possible to install an absorption cartridge of experiment 5 which is in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, on an inlet or outlet inlet of the compressors / fans of the experimental units of a ventilation system.

[0136] [Experiment 6]

[0137] Experiment 6 differs from experiment 5 in that the media is loaded with eleven 10 mm diameter rods. The surface area of ​​the rods is therefore 16,500 mm2 (3 mm x 500 mm x 11), which corresponds to 6.6% of the surface area of ​​the media. The total volume of the rods is 0.43 liters. [Paintings?] Results Experiment 6 P inlet 15 Pa P outlet 4 Pa ​​Inlet flow 972 m3 / h Outlet flow 930 m3 / h

[0138] A pressure drop of 9 Pa is noted, which is identical to the pressure drop of experiment 5. Considering the difference in volume between the arrangement of the rods of experiment 5 and experiment 6, it is preferable to use the configuration of experiment 5, which has a greater CO2 absorption capacity. It can also be noted that it is possible to obtain a better absorption capacity by arranging fewer rods in number on the same media surface, but rods with a larger diameter or cross-section. The respective comparison between experiments 5 and 6 and also between experiments 3 and 4 shows that the difference in pressure drops is negligible.

[0139] In view of these results, it is possible to determine by extrapolation to determine a maximum percentage of influence of the absorption substance at the media surface area of ​​50% for a simple media and 20% for a media including a filter.

[0140] In the case of experiments 3 and 5, it is possible to place 0.7 L of absorption substance on one side of the medium for a medium with a surface area of ​​250,000 mm2. Thus, the results of these experiments show that it is possible to load a medium in accordance with the distribution of calcium oxide in these experiments of 2.8 L / m2.

[0141] According to the distribution by 16 mm diameter rods, this represents 5.6% of the media surface. However, we have shown that it is possible to cover 20% of the surface of one side of the media while respecting the pressure losses recommended by the manufacturers. If the surface of the media is loaded to 20%, the calcium oxide deposit obtained with 16 mm diameter rods amounts to 10 L / m2.

[0142] Given that the density of calcium oxide is between 700 and 1300 kg / m3. It is theoretically possible to deposit between 7 kg and 13 kg of calcium oxide per square meter on the media. The CO2 absorption capacity being 120 L per kilogram of calcium oxide, depending on the embodiment of experiments 3 and 5, it is possible to capture between 840 L and 1520 L of CO2 per square meter before the absorption cartridge 100 is changed. By loading the media between 20 and 50% or by equipping each face of the media, the CO2 absorption capacities of the cartridge conforming to an embodiment of the invention are further increased.

[0143] Based on the same theoretical reasoning, the CO2 absorption capacities according to experiments 3 to 6 are as follows: [Tables 8] Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Experiment 5 Experiment 6 Percentage of coverage on the media 5.6% 5.2% 5.6% 6.6% Volume of calcium oxide in Liter 0.703 0.275 0.703 0.43 Volume of calcium oxide deposited on the media per m2 2.812 1.1 2.812 1.72 Theoretical absorption capacity of CO2 in L / m2 236-439 92-172 236-439 144 - 268

[0144] According to the cartridge of experiments 3 and 5 which are preferred embodiments, for a percentage of coverage between 5% and 20% of the surface from one side of the media, it is theoretically possible to capture between 236 L and 1520 L of CO2 per CO2 absorption cartridge.

Claims

Claims

1. CO2 absorption cartridge (100) configured to be integrated into a ventilation system (200) of a building so as to be arranged in the passage of air, the absorption cartridge (100) comprising: - a frame (101) of determined shape and dimensions, - an air-permeable media (102) which extends inside the frame (101) and constitutes a useful surface for the passage of air, - a CO2 absorption material (103) which is deposited on the surface of the media (102), the deposition of the absorption material (103) comprising an area on the surface of the media (102) which corresponds to a determined percentage of the surface of the media (102), said percentage being defined as a function of an initial pressure drop of the air flow which is allowed for the passage of the media (102) in order to maintain suitable ventilation of the building.

2. Absorption cartridge (100) according to claim 1, wherein the initial pressure drop allowed is between 30 and 80 Pa.

3. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said percentage of coverage of the deposition of the CO2 absorption material (103) on the surface of the media is between 4 and 50%, preferably said percentage is between 20 and 30%.

4. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the deposition of CO2 absorption material (103) is distributed, on the surface of the media (102), by alternating zones of deposition of CO2 absorption material (103) and air passage zones which are not covered with CO2 absorption material (103), the alternation of said zones is random or geometric.

5. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the deposition of CO2 absorption material (103) is distributed on the media (102) according to one or more absorption units.

6. Absorption cartridge (100) according to claim 5, wherein the absorption units comprise one or more determined geometric shapes.

7. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the CO2 absorption material (103) is distributed on the surface of the medium (102) in rod-shaped deposits (104) of determined dimensions.

8. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rods comprise an external frame.

9. An absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the CO2 absorption material (103) is configured to absorb CO2 by carbonation.

10. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the CO2 absorption material (103) is chosen from the following substances: calcium oxide, lithium hydroxide, soda lime, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, activated carbon or a mixture of these substances.

11. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the CO2 absorption material (103) comprises calcium oxide.

12. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the media (102) comprises meshes of determined dimensions, preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions between 3 mm x 2 mm and 10 mm x 8 mm, more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions between 4 mm x 3 mm and 6 mm x 5 mm, and more preferably, the meshes comprise dimensions of 5 mm x 4 mm.

13. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the media comprises an air filter, preferably the air filter comprises a thickness of between 10 mm and 120 mm, the thickness extending in the direction of circulation of the air flow.

14. Absorption cartridge (100) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the shape and dimensions of the frame (101) are adapted to a cross-section of an air duct and / or to the dimensions of a fan inlet and / or to the dimensions and shape of a ventilation inlet.

15. Ventilation system (200) comprising a CO2 absorption cartridge (100) defined according to one of claims 1 to 14, the system (200) comprising at least one support (206) configured to place said cartridge (100) in an air flow produced by a fan.

16. Ventilation system (200) according to the preceding claim, in which the support (206) is arranged on a suction or ventilation inlet of an external unit (202) of an air conditioning system.

17. Ventilation system (200) according to one of claims 15 and 16, wherein the support (206) is arranged in an air duct.

18. Manufacturing method (500) of a CO2 absorption cartridge (100) defined according to one of claims 1 to 14, the manufacturing method (500) comprising: - Powdering (501) the CO2 absorption material, - Extrusion (502) of the CO2 absorption material, - Deposition (504) of said extruded absorption material on a medium according to a determined arrangement, - Cutting (505) of the medium loaded with extruded absorption material, and - Fixing (506) the media loaded with cut absorption material on a frame.

19. Manufacturing machine (600) for manufacturing a CO2 absorption cartridge (100) defined according to one of claims 1 to 14, the manufacturing machine (600) comprising: - An extruder (603) configured to produce one or more strands (700) of CO2 absorption material, the extruder being supplied with CO2 absorption material, - Means (607) for driving a width (800) of media, the driving means (607) being arranged at the outlet of the extruder (603) so that the strand(s) (700) are deposited on the width (800) at the outlet of the extruder (603), the driving means (607) being configured so that the speed of movement of the width (800) is correlated with the speed of extrusion of the or sausages (700).

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