DEVICE FOR EXPOSING A HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY TO LIGHT OR INFRARED RADIATION

Abstract

A device (10) for exposing a human (910) or animal body to light or infrared radiation, comprising a plurality of radiation sources, each comprising at least one light-emitting diode arranged to expose a part of the body (911, 912, 913, 914) positioned facing the radiation source to radiation, wherein each radiation source comprises a distance sensor configured to estimate a representative value of the distance between the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source, and wherein the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by each radiation source is determined as a function of the distance between said radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source. A method for using such a device. Figure for the abstract: [Fig 1]

Description

Title of the invention: DEVICE FOR EXPOSING A HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY TO A LIGHT OR INFRARED RADIATION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present application relates to a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation, and more particularly a device having a plurality of radiation sources and in which the intensity of the radiation emitted by each radiation source is determined as a function of the distance separating it from the exposed part of the body.

[0002] This application also relates to a method of operating such a device. STATE OF THE ART

[0003] The prior art includes devices comprising a multitude of light-emitting diodes, abbreviated LEDs, or more commonly LEDs (from the English Light-emitting diode) used in particular in the context of human or animal treatment.

[0004] Photobiomodulation is one of the treatment methods requiring such a device. It is a technique involving the emission of electromagnetic waves onto the body and aims, among other things, to promote cell regeneration. This emission of waves, sometimes called "cold light," involves the emission of waves of various wavelengths, depending on the type of treatment, which penetrate the skin to varying depths in order to trigger a biochemical reaction, for example, by influencing the functioning of mitochondria and the respiratory chain within them. Photobiomodulation generally involves the application of monochromatic light, or infrared radiation, produced by LEDs, to one or more predefined areas of the body.

[0005] The applicant company observed that the devices available on the market did not deliver an optimal exposure dose because these devices did not take into account the user's body shape. Thus, the radiation intensity, which is most often delivered uniformly by the LEDs, is too high on some parts of the body and too low on others. This problem is further exacerbated when the user is not positioned optimally in relation to the device containing the LEDs. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention aims to improve prior art devices by modulating the intensity of the radiation emitted on the user by each radiation source as a function of the distance of this source from the part of the user's body that it irradiates.

[0007] To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for exposing a human or animal body to light radiation (typically in the visible or infrared spectrum), which comprises a plurality of radiation sources, each comprising at least one light-emitting diode arranged to expose to radiation a part of the human or animal body positioned facing the radiation source, in which each radiation source comprises a distance sensor configured to estimate a value representative of the distance separating the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source, and in which the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by each radiation source is determined as a function of the distance separating said radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source.

[0008] Preferably, each radiation source comprises a plurality of light-emitting diodes (hereinafter abbreviated as LEDs), for example arranged in a line or in a relatively compact group. Advantageously, the plurality of LEDs forming a radiation source are arranged so that each LED is located at a substantially identical distance from a part of the body exposed to the radiation source during normal use of the device.

[0009] Thanks to the features of the invention, the intensity of radiation irradiating each area of ​​the body is modulated according to the distance separating that area of ​​the body from the radiation source. Indeed, the LED or set of LEDs forming each radiation source is equipped with a distance sensor, and the luminous or infrared intensity delivered by said LEDs is adjusted according to the measured distance.

[0010] Furthermore, the radiation intensity can be automatically adjusted according to a selection made by the user such as the selection of a desired treatment or according to the morphological characteristics of the user, such as his height or his complexion.

[0011] In embodiments (not shown), the device includes a sensor configured to estimate the user's skin tone and the intensity of radiation produced by the radiation sources is determined as a function of the estimated skin tone.

[0012] In some embodiments, the device comprises a plurality of rows of light-emitting diodes arranged horizontally one above the other, each row being associated with a distance sensor positioned substantially at the same height as the row of light-emitting diodes and each row forming a source of radiation.

[0013] Thanks to these arrangements, the number of distance sensors can be limited while maintaining a good estimation of the body size and / or posture of the device user.

[0014] In embodiments, the device includes a means for indicating a position where the human or animal body should be placed when using the device, and the position indicated by the means for indicating a position is movable, allowing several predetermined positions to be indicated.

[0015] For example, the indication means informs the user of the ideal location or foot placement by indicating a mark on the floor in front of the device. In another example, an audible message is emitted by a loudspeaker, indicating to the user to move closer to or further away from the device. In yet another example, a display informs the user where they should position themselves. Any other means of communicating information to the user about where they should position themselves may be implemented. In some embodiments, the indication means allows this information to be communicated to a caregiver or healthcare professional who assists the user in positioning themselves. In other embodiments, the indication means allows this information to be communicated to a veterinarian or any other person wishing to correctly position an animal's body in relation to the device.

[0016] Thanks to these arrangements, the user can determine an optimized position relative to the device. An optimized position is understood to be one that allows for better processing by the device, for example, positioning the user within the optimal operating range of the LEDs.

[0017] The optimized position to be indicated by the indication means can be determined by means of a microprocessor, taking into account information such as the characteristics of the user (age, build, skin tone, etc.), the device, or the type of treatment to be performed. This information can be entered manually or detected by means of sensors.

[0018] In embodiments, the position indicated by the position indication means is determined as a function of at least one representative value of the distance separating the body or a part of the body from the device.

[0019] According to this embodiment, the indicated position is dynamic, that is to say, it is automatically modified according to the estimated distance between the user and the device. The indicated position may be determined at the beginning of the processing session and then maintained throughout the session, or modified at during processing, for example to take into account a change in the user's posture.

[0020] Thanks to these provisions, the user's size, build, and posture can be taken into account when determining an optimal position to be indicated. For example, a larger user may be advised to position themselves slightly further back from the device, so that the distance between the LEDs and the user is not too short at any point. Conversely, a smaller user may be advised to move closer to the light sources.

[0021] In some embodiments, a dedicated distance sensor is used to estimate the distance between the user and the device. In preferred embodiments, the same distance sensor or set of distance sensors is used to perform the distance estimation used to modulate the light intensity of the irradiation means and to perform the distance estimation used to determine the position where the human or animal body should be placed when using the device.

[0022] In embodiments, at least one of the aforementioned distance sensors is of the type chosen from: an infrared sensor estimating distance based on the intensity of reflected light, an optical sensor estimating distance based on time of flight (ToF sensor), or a LIDAR sensor (Light Detection and Ranging). Any other sensor known to those skilled in the art that allows for measuring the distance between the device and the user may be used.

[0023] In some embodiments, the means for indicating a position includes a means for emitting a laser beam configured to mark a position, for example, a line projected onto the ground where a user of the device must position their feet. The laser beam is a simple and compact means of drawing a clearly visible line at the location where the user is instructed to position their feet.

[0024] In other embodiments, the means for indicating a position includes a digital display means. For example, the indication means includes a screen or a video projector configured to display an image indicating where a user of the device should position their feet.

[0025] Thanks to these features, the video projector or screen can project more complex images, capable of providing richer or more precise information to the user. For example, the projected or displayed image can indicate to the user the posture they should maintain, or indicate the remaining processing time, or even display service for a human-machine interface allowing interaction with the device.

[0026] In some embodiments, the device includes a means for detecting the user's position.

[0027] In embodiments, the user position detection means detects the user's position by means of at least one distance sensor, preferably by means of at least one of the distance sensors of the light sources.

[0028] In embodiments, the means for detecting the user's position includes at least one pressure sensor, preferably a plurality of pressure sensors, arranged on the ground in front of the radiation sources and configured to detect the presence of the human or animal body.

[0029] In embodiments, the device includes a verification means configured to determine whether the position of a human or animal body detected by the detection means corresponds to the position where the human or animal body should be placed when using the device indicated by the position indication means.

[0030] Thanks to these provisions, if the user is not present or is incorrectly positioned relative to the device, information can be communicated to them. For example, an audible, visual, or silent alarm is emitted if the verification means fails to confirm the presence of a body at the position predicted by the indication means.

[0031] In embodiments, the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by at least one radiation source is determined according to the verification performed by the verification means. For example, if the verification means fails to confirm the presence of a body at the position specified by the indication means, the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by at least one radiation source is reduced to a very low intensity or is switched off.

[0032] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of operating a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation comprising a plurality of radiation sources, each comprising at least one light-emitting diode arranged to expose to radiation a part of the human or animal body positioned facing the radiation source, the method comprising: - an estimation step, for each radiation source, of the distance separating the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source and - a step of determining the intensity of the light or infrared radiation to be emitted by each radiation source as a function of the distance separating said radiation source and the part of the body to be exposed to said radiation source.

[0033] Thus, during the operation of the device, light or infrared radiation is emitted by each radiation source, at an intensity determined during the intensity determination step.

[0034] In embodiments, the method includes a step of determining a position where the human or animal body should be placed when using the device.

[0035] In embodiments, the position determined during the determination step is determined as a function of a value measured during a prior estimation step of at least one representative value of the distance separating the body from the device.

[0036] In embodiments, the method includes a step of indicating a position where the human body is to be placed, determined during the determination step, this step being carried out by an indication means allowing several predetermined positions to be indicated.

[0037] In embodiments, the position indication step includes a step of emitting a laser beam configured to mark a position on the ground, for example materialized by a line where a user of the device must position their feet.

[0038] In embodiments, the position indication step includes a digital display step, for example by means of a screen configured to display an image indicating where a user should position their feet.

[0039] In embodiments, the method of operating a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation includes a step of detecting the position of the user.

[0040] In embodiments, the user detection step includes detecting the user's position by means of at least one distance sensor, preferably by means of at least one distance sensor used during the step of estimating the distance separating the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source.

[0041] In some embodiments, the user position detection step includes at least one step for estimating a pressure representative of the presence of a human or animal body facing the light sources. Preferably, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged on the ground in front of the radiation sources and configured to detect the presence of the human or animal body.

[0042] In embodiments, the method includes a verification step aimed at determining whether the position of a human or animal body detected during the detection step corresponds to the position where the human or animal body must be placed when using the device indicated by the position indication means.

[0043] In embodiments, an audible, visual or silent alarm is emitted in the event that the verification means fails to confirm the presence of a body at the position provided by the indication means.

[0044] The aims, advantages and particular characteristics of the method which is the subject of the present invention being similar to those of the device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation which is the subject of the present invention, they are not recalled here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0045] Other advantages, purposes and particular features of the invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation, or of the method of operating such a device, which are the subject of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Fig. 1] schematically represents a front view of a particular embodiment of a device that is the subject of the invention, [Fig. 2] schematically represents a side view of a particular embodiment of a device of the invention, in use by a user; [Fig. 3] schematically represents a side view of another particular embodiment of a device of the invention, in use. [Fig.4] schematically represents a side view of the device illustrated in [Fig.1], in use and [Fig.5] represents, in the form of a flowchart, the steps of a particular embodiment of the operating method of a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation, which is the subject of the invention.

[0046] The reference numbers mentioned in the figures refer to: 10, 20, 30 Device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115 Light-emitting diodes 121, 122, 123, 124 Distance sensors associated with a light source 130 Distance sensor associated with laser beam emission 135 Means of emitting a laser beam 340 Bar 150 Electronic control box 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175 Depression sensors 260 Digital display screen 180, 185, 190, 195, 280, 285, 290, 380, 385, 390 Support panels 905, 906 Floor 910 Device User 911, 912, 913, 914 User's body part

[0047] The 4-digit reference numbers correspond to the steps in the operating process of a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0048] The present description is given by way of non-limiting grammar, each feature of an embodiment being able to be advantageously combined with any other feature of any other embodiment.

[0049] Figure 1 shows a device 10 for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation. The radiation is produced by an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) preferably configured to emit radiation in a wavelength range between 400 nm and 950 nanometers (nm). For example, all or some of the LEDs are configured to emit blue light with a wavelength between 450 nm and 490 nm, red light with a wavelength between 600 nm and 670 nm, or near-infrared light with a wavelength between 820 nm and 860 nm.

[0050] The device 10 comprises a plurality of radiation sources, each comprising several LEDs and a distance sensor.

[0051] According to the configuration adopted by the device 10, each radiation source comprises several LEDs arranged horizontally and a distance sensor positioned at approximately the same height as the LEDs. Thus, LEDs 101, 102, 103, and 104, together with the distance sensor 121, form a first radiation source. This first radiation source is positioned on a support panel 180, which is a support piece to which several radiation sources are attached. The panel 180 further comprises a second radiation source including the distance sensor 122 and four LEDs, a third radiation source including four LEDs, including LED 105, and a distance sensor, a fourth radiation source including four LEDs, including LED 106, and a distance sensor, and finally a fifth radiation source including four LEDs and a distance sensor.

[0052] Thus, the first panel 180 comprises five rows of LEDs arranged horizontally one above the other, each row being associated with a distance sensor and each row forming a source of radiation.

[0053] According to an alternative embodiment (not illustrated), the device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation comprises only the support panel 180, possibly associated with a support panel 195 comprising an indication means equipped with a laser.

[0054] The device 10 illustrated in [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 5] comprises, in addition to the first panel 180, two additional panels: the second panel 185 and the third panel 190, whose characteristics are identical to those of the first panel 180. The second panel 185 comprises five radiation sources including, among others, the LEDs 107 and 108 and the distance sensor 123. The third panel comprises four radiation sources including, among others, the LEDs 109 and 110, and a fifth radiation source including the LEDs 111, 112, 113 and 114 and the distance sensor 124.

[0055] The device 10 further comprises a panel 195 on which are arranged a distance sensor 130 and a means for emitting a laser beam 135. These elements together form a means for indicating a position where the human or animal body must be placed when using the device. These elements will be better understood upon reading the description in [Fig. 4].

[0056] The panels 180, 185, 190, and 195 are configured to be positioned to expose a human or animal body to the light emitted by the LEDs of the device 10. For example, means are provided for fixing the panels to a wall or a support. The panels may be connected to each other, hinged together, or even joined, or they may be separate components.

[0057] The device 10 includes an electronic control box 150 allowing a user to interact with the device 10, for example to choose a program for using the device 10, to turn the device 10 on and off, to consult information concerning ongoing processing, such as elapsed time, etc.

[0058] Each distance sensor, 121, 122, 123, 124, is configured to estimate a representative value of the distance between the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source. This distance measurement between the user and the radiation source is then used to modulate the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by each radiation source. This feature will be better understood by reading the description in Figures 2 and 5.

[0059] Figure 2 shows a particular embodiment of the invention illustrating a device 20 for exposing a human or animal body to light radiation or infrared. The device 20 comprises a plurality of radiation sources equipped with LEDs directed towards the user's body under normal operating conditions. The device 20 includes three support panels 280, 285, and 290, each comprising a plurality of radiation sources. These panels are identical to the support panels 180, 185, and 190 described opposite [Fig. 1], respectively; therefore, they are not described again here.

[0060] The device 20 is shown in use. An adult user, 910, is standing facing the device 20. It can be seen that some radiation sources illuminate the upper body 911 of the user, that other radiation sources illuminate a region corresponding to the user's abdomen 912, and that other radiation sources illuminate the upper and lower legs, 913 and 914. The light or infrared radiation emitted by some of the radiation sources is represented by horizontal dotted lines, which emanate from LEDs mounted on the panels 280, 285 and 290.

[0061] Each radiation source is equipped with a distance sensor that estimates the distance between the radiation source and the part of the user's body it irradiates, and the light intensity emitted by each radiation source is controlled according to the estimated distance. For example, if a photobiomodulation treatment requires uniform illumination of several parts of the user's body, the light intensity emitted by the radiation sources located close to the parts of the user's body they expose will be lower than the light intensity of the radiation sources located farther from the parts of the user's body they expose.

[0062] The device 20 further includes a means for indicating the user's position when using the device 20. This indication means includes a digital screen 260 located at the user's feet and configured to display an image informing the user where to position their feet for optimal use of the device 20. For example, the screen 260 displays an image showing two footprints, on which the user is prompted to position their feet when using the device. The position displayed on the screen is movable, meaning it can indicate several predetermined positions, for example, pre-recorded positions based on a selected processing program.

[0063] Advantageously, the position indicated by the position indication means is determined based on at least one representative value of the distance separating the body, or a part of the body, from the device 20. For example, a distance is estimated during an initialization step involving a distance estimation by several distance sensors of the device 20. These estimated distances are representative of the The user's body size is taken into account. These estimated distances are then used to calculate an optimal position for the user during the subsequent processing. This calculation can be performed using a microprocessor integrated into the device or remotely.

[0064] Figure 3 shows another particular embodiment of the invention illustrating a device 30 for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation. The device 30 comprises a plurality of radiation sources equipped with LEDs directed at the user's body under normal conditions of use. The device 30 comprises three support panels 380, 385, and 390, each comprising a plurality of radiation sources. These panels are identical to the support panels 180, 185, and 190 described opposite Figure 1; therefore, they are not described again here.

[0065] The device 30 includes a means for indicating a position where the user should stand when using the device 30. This means includes a bar 340 on the floor 905, intended to indicate to the user 910 where to position their feet. Advantageously, the bar 340 is removable and has several fixing points on the floor 905. Alternatively, the bar 340 is fixed to a slide. In this case, a motorization means may be provided to move the bar 340 without user intervention.

[0066] Figure 4 shows a side view of the device 10, which has already been partially described opposite Figure 1. The device 10 includes a means for indicating a position where the user should stand when using the device 10. This means includes a laser beam emission component 135 configured to mark a position, for example, a line projected onto the ground where a user of the device 10 is instructed to place their feet. This beam is illustrated in Figure 4 by an oblique dashed line. The laser beam emits visible light projected onto the ground; it is particularly advantageous because it allows for the projection of a clearly visible and sharp line. Furthermore, the laser beam emitter is a compact component.

[0067] Advantageously, the position indicated on the ground by the laser beam is determined based on at least one representative value of the distance separating the user's body or a part of their body. This distance can be estimated by the distance sensor 130, shown in [Fig. 1].

[0068] The device 10 further includes a means for detecting the user's position. This detection means comprises a plurality of pressure sensors 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, arranged on the ground and covered by a flexible blanket 905 serving as the ground. The pressure sensors are configured to detect the user's presence by sensing their weight.

[0069] According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the device comprises a single pressure sensor. In this case, only the presence or absence of the user can be verified. If a weight is detected, this confirms the presence of a user.

[0070] According to the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.4], the plurality of pressure sensors, 170, 171, 172, 173 and 174 makes it possible to detect the presence of the user but also to estimate his position, more or less close to the radiation sources carried by the panels 180, 185 and 190.

[0071] According to an alternative embodiment, the user position detection means detects the user's position by means of at least one of the distance sensors, 121, 122, 123, 124, 130, of the device 10.

[0072] Advantageously, the device 10 includes a verification means configured to determine whether a user detected by a detection means is indeed present and, if so, whether their position corresponds to the position where the user should be placed. This position where the user should be placed is shown to the user by an indication means as described above. If the verification means fails to confirm the presence of a body at the intended position, an audible, visual, or silent alarm may be triggered.

[0073] Advantageously, the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by at least one radiation source is determined according to the verification performed by the verification means. For example, if the verification means fails to confirm the presence of a body at the position specified by the indication means, the intensity of the light or infrared radiation emitted by at least one radiation source is reduced to a very low intensity or is switched off.

[0074] We observe in [Fig.5], a logic diagram of the process 1000 of operation of a device for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation, for example a device 10, 20 or 30 described previously.

[0075] In embodiments, the method 1000 includes a step 1005 of estimating at least one representative value of the distance separating the body from the device.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method 1000 includes a step 1010 for determining the position where the human or animal body should be placed when using the device, which can be calculated based on the distance measurement taken in the previous step. Then, in an indication step 1015, an indication means is implemented to inform the user of the location where they should stand. As described previously, the indication means is, for example, a laser beam or a display screen.

[0077] The method 1000 includes a step 1020 of estimating, for each radiation source, the distance separating the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source. The method 1000 further includes a step 1025 of determining the intensity of the light or infrared radiation to be emitted by each radiation source as a function of the distance separating said radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source. Thus, during the operation of the device, light or infrared radiation is emitted by each radiation source at an intensity determined during the intensity determination step.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method 1000 includes a step 1030 for detecting the user's position. As described previously, step 1030 can, for example, be carried out by means of a distance sensor or by means of at least one pressure sensor.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method 1000 includes a verification step 1035 to determine whether the user's position detected during the detection step 1030 corresponds to the position indicated during the position indication step 1015. As described previously, an alarm may be triggered if the user's presence is not verified, or the user may be prompted to adjust their position by an audible message or a message displayed on a screen. Furthermore, if a user's presence is not detected, a command may be sent to the radiation sources to turn them off. Similarly, a command to turn off the LEDs or to dim the light they emit may be sent when the user is detected too close to the radiation sources.

Claims

Demands

1. A device (10, 20, 30) for exposing a human or animal body to light or infrared radiation, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of radiation sources, each comprising at least one light-emitting diode (101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115) arranged to expose to radiation a part of the human or animal body (911, 912, 913, 914) positioned facing the radiation source, wherein each radiation source comprises a distance sensor (121, 122, 123, 124) configured to estimate a representative value of the distance separating the radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source, and wherein the intensity of the emitted light or infrared radiation The exposure per unit of radiation by each source is determined according to the distance separating said radiation source and the part of the body exposed to said radiation source.

2. Device (10, 20, 30) according to claim 1, which includes an indication means (135, 260, 340) of a position in which the human or animal body must be placed when using the device and in which the position indicated by the position indication means is movable, allowing several predetermined positions to be indicated.

3. Device (10, 20, 30) according to claim 2, wherein the position indicated by the position indication means is determined as a function of at least one representative value of the distance separating the body or a part of the body from the device.

4. Device (10) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the means for indicating a position comprises a means (135) for emitting a laser beam configured to mark a position, for example materialized by a line projected on the ground where a user of the device must position their feet.

5. Device (20) according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the means for indicating a position comprises a digital display means (260), preferably a screen or projector configured to display an image indicating where a user of the device should position their feet.

6. Device (10, 20, 30) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which includes a means for detecting the user's position.

7. Device (10, 20, 30) according to claim 6, wherein the user position detection means detects the user's position by means of at least one distance sensor (121, 122, 123, 124, 130), preferably by means of at least one of the distance sensors of the light sources.

8. Device (10, 20, 30) according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the user position detection means comprises at least one pressure sensor (170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175), preferably a plurality of pressure sensors, disposed on the ground in front of the radiation sources and configured to detect the presence of the human or animal body.

9. Device (10, 20, 30) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, when they depend on any one of claims 2 to 5, which includes a verification means configured to determine whether the position of a human or animal body detected by the detection means corresponds to the position where the human or animal body must be placed when using the device indicated by the position indication means.

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