Cultivation device for the root system of a tree

Abstract

Cultivation Device for the Root System of a Tree. The invention relates to a cultivation device (20) for the root system (14) of a tree (10). This device comprises a mesh (23) formed by a network of nodes (24) connected by connecting elements (26), in which the nodes and connecting elements define cells (28) occupying respective volumes of the mesh. Open cells are configured to allow tree roots to pass through them. Closed cells are configured to prevent the passage of any tree roots. At least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits forming at least one first supply circuit (30a), formed by first internal conduits (32a), configured to circulate a fluid (35a) within the mesh. The mesh comprises porous connecting elements configured to distribute said fluid from the first supply circuit out of the mesh.Figure for the abridged version: Fig. 5.

Description

Title of the invention: Root system cultivation device for a tree. Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tree production and concerns in particular devices that promote the development of tree root systems. The invention specifically aims at a cultivation device that provides an environment conducive to the development of a tree's roots. Previous technique

[0002] The field of tree production is of crucial importance to the horticultural sector. One of the challenges in this field is to raise robust and aesthetically pleasing trees suitable for transplanting into various environments, such as landscaped or urban areas or even in reforestation projects.

[0003] To achieve this, nursery growers specializing in tree cultivation must follow rigorous cultivation practices to guarantee the quality and viability of the trees throughout their growth cycle. These practices include specific operations on the root system and the above-ground parts of the tree to ensure its mobility and resilience during transplanting.

[0004] For a tree producer (also called a nurseryman), one of the objectives is to market the tree after a period of controlled growth. Once this growth period is complete, the tree can be transplanted into its new environment, which presents a technical challenge in more ways than one. The transplanting operation (also called replanting) generates stress which, if not managed properly, can disrupt the tree's biological balance and compromise its regrowth. A crucial step in this process is to prepare the tree to withstand the stress caused by its relocation to a new environment. This preparation for transplanting conventionally includes various cultivation practices carried out by the nurseryman.

[0005] Moving the tree for transplantation also presents handling difficulties. It is not easy to move a tree to its new environment while minimizing the stress caused.

[0006] The operations for preparing a tree for transplantation usually include formative pruning of the root system, root balling, crowning, and pruning of the above-ground portion. Formative pruning of the root system aims to promote dense rooting in a confined volume, thus facilitating the handling and relocation of the tree. The root balling stage involves wrapping the roots in A root ball provides additional protection during transplanting. The root pruning stage involves cutting the outer roots to encourage the growth of new, fine, branching roots within the volume of soil that will be moved. Formative pruning of the above-ground parts aims to maintain a balance between the tree's photosynthetic capacity and its root system, thus ensuring a sufficient supply of nutrients and water.

[0007] Growing a tree before it is marketed generally requires several transplants, which the nurseryman must carefully define and carry out. The nursery's growth cycles are a determining factor among the constraints that the nurseryman must respect. Young plants, often moved several times during their growth, undergo successive pruning and transplanting to reach a marketable stage.

[0008] For example, a young plant is generally transplanted and pruned at the end of its first (or even second) year of growth in a propagation nursery, then transplanted to a primary nursery at the age of 1 to 3 years at most, which corresponds to a first replanting. The plant undergoes a second replanting between 4 and 6 years of age, which ensures the production of a marketable stem (5 to 7 years old). After this stage, a third replanting is carried out to allow for an even more mature tree. After this third replanting, any movement of the tree is done in its root ball (generally lying down), which limits the tree's mobility and imposes significant constraints in terms of tree handling, resulting in a substantial additional cost for logistics and preparation (root balling required).Subsequent replanting is generally still necessary to allow the tree to reach a suitable condition for commercialization.

[0009] It is understood that these cultivation techniques impose significant constraints on nursery growers, particularly in terms of time and material, human, and economic resources. This process requires a skilled workforce and lengthy, technical, and tedious management of the various cultivation stages mentioned above.

[0010] The regular application of these operations to the root system is also traumatic for the tree. Indeed, replanting forces the tree to regenerate a new part of its root system. These repeated replantings, necessary to obtain the desired root density, disrupt the tree's natural development, causing wounds that can become entry points for diseases. In some cases, this can result in reduced growth and an imbalance between the different types and functions of roots.

[0011] Root development is indeed part of an ordered sequence of events (growth, branching, differentiation) determining the organization specific to rooting. The radicle (taproot) is its organizing center. As a relay of this central power, the terminal meristem of each root exerts a dominance over its lateral primordia, defining, from their formation, their developmental potential within this specific sequence. Apical dominance is the basis for the expression of the root development hierarchy. Repeated transplanting operations thus disrupt the natural hierarchy of root development, inducing premature aging of the rooting system and a loss of regenerative potential.

[0012] Since each tree species has its own root characteristics, adaptation to local environmental conditions (soil, water, slope, sun, erosion) is also a crucial factor that further complicates standardized cultivation practices.

[0013] The complexity and costs associated with these cultivation practices increase significantly with each additional interplanting. From the third interplanting onward, the mechanization required for these operations becomes essential, generating additional logistical costs and a greater need for skilled labor. This reality is now leading many nursery growers to abandon this type of activity, which limits the local supply of quality trees and increases dependence on imports, with detrimental consequences for product traceability and quality.

[0014] The aforementioned difficulties are amplified by the fact that each tree species has its own root characteristics and must adapt its root system to the conditions of its environment (soil quality, water, slope, sun, erosion, etc.). It is therefore necessary to adapt the development model and environment of each tree according to its characteristics and needs.

[0015] Thus, the current technical context of tree production presents numerous technical challenges, particularly those related to traditional methods of interplanting and root system management. These challenges generate high costs in terms of skilled labor and time, handling problems that limit tree mobility, negative impacts on tree growth and health, and consequently, difficulties in obtaining a supply of good quality trees. Description of the invention

[0016] One of the objects of the present invention is to solve at least one of the problems or deficiencies of the technological background described above.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to offer a personalized technical solution promoting the development of trees while improving their mobility, and this by freeing oneself from previous technical constraints, in particular with regard to interplanting.

[0018] Another object of the present invention relates to a device providing support and an environment that are adapted to the needs of a tree, so as to ensure optimal growth and easy mobility of said tree.

[0019] To this end, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a cultivation device for the root system of a tree, said cultivation device comprising a mesh formed by a network of nodes connected to each other by connecting elements, in which the nodes and connecting elements define cells occupying respective volumes within the mesh, in which said cells comprise: - open cells configured to allow tree roots to pass through; and - closed cells configured to prohibit the passage of any tree roots; wherein at least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits forming at least one supply circuit, said at least one supply circuit comprising a first supply circuit, formed by first internal conduits, configured to circulate a fluid within the mesh, said mesh comprising porous connecting elements configured to distribute said fluid from the first supply circuit out of the mesh.

[0020] According to a particular embodiment, the open cells each occupy a free volume suitable for being traversed by roots of the tree.

[0021] According to a particular embodiment, the closed cells each occupy a volume at least partially filled by a filling material of said mesh.

[0022] According to a particular embodiment, the porous connecting elements are formed by an additive manufacturing technique

[0023] According to a particular embodiment, the entire mesh is manufactured by additive manufacturing.

[0024] According to a particular embodiment, the first supply circuit comprises at least two first separate supply sub-circuits configured to allow independent fluid supply in at least two separate sections of said mesh respectively.

[0025] According to a particular embodiment, said at least two distinct sections form distinct vertical sections or distinct transverse sections of the mesh.

[0026] According to a particular embodiment, said at least one power supply circuit comprises a second power supply circuit, independent of the first power supply circuit, formed by second internal conduits, said second power supply circuit being configured to circulate inputs within the mesh, the porous connecting elements of said mesh being configured to distribute said inputs from the second power supply circuit out of the mesh.

[0027] According to a particular embodiment, the second power supply circuit comprises at least two second separate power supply sub-circuits configured to allow independent supply of inputs to at least two separate sections of said mesh respectively.

[0028] According to a particular embodiment, said at least one supply circuit comprises a third supply circuit, independent of any other supply circuit, formed by internal third conduits, said third supply circuit being configured to circulate a gas inside the mesh, perforations being arranged in at least a part of the connecting elements to allow the distribution of said gas from the third supply circuit out of the mesh.

[0029] According to a particular embodiment, the third supply circuit comprises at least two separate third supply sub-circuits configured to allow independent gas supply in at least two separate sections of said mesh respectively.

[0030] According to a particular embodiment, the mesh delimits a central zone, devoid of any node and connecting element, to accommodate part of the root network of the tree.

[0031] According to a particular embodiment, the mesh comprises open cells of at least three different geometric configurations.

[0032] According to a particular embodiment, the mesh is unstructured.

[0033] According to a particular embodiment, open cells are aligned to to form, within the mesh, channels suitable for being traversed by tree roots.

[0034] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a culture device according to the first aspect of the invention. According to this second aspect, at least the porous connecting elements are formed by an additive manufacturing technique.

[0035] According to a particular embodiment, the entire mesh is manufactured by additive manufacturing.

[0036] It should be noted that the various embodiments mentioned above (as well as those described below) in relation to the cultivation device according to the first aspect of the invention and the associated advantages apply in a similar way to the manufacturing process according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0037] A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling a culture device according to the first aspect of the invention. In particular, the culture device comprises a mesh formed by a network of nodes connected to each other by connecting elements, in which the nodes and connecting elements define cells occupying respective volumes within the mesh, in which said cells comprise: - open cells configured to allow tree roots to pass through; and - closed cells configured to prevent the passage of any tree roots; wherein at least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits forming a supply circuit, formed by internal conduits, configured to circulate a fluid within the mesh, said mesh comprising porous connecting elements configured to distribute said fluid from the supply circuit out of the mesh, in which the first supply circuit comprises at least two separate supply sub-circuits configured to permit independent fluid supply in at least two separate sections of said mesh respectively.

[0038] Each power supply subcircuit can be controllable to switch between a closed state, in which the power supply is blocked, and an open state, in which the power supply is allowed.

[0039] The method according to the third aspect may include at least one control step modifying the state of at least one power supply subcircuit to control the power supply in a respective section of the mesh.

[0040] According to a particular example, the process according to the third aspect comprises the following steps: - first control to open a first supply sub-circuit causing the distribution of a fluid in a first section of said mesh while a second supply sub-circuit is kept closed; and - second control to open the second supply sub-circuit causing the distribution of a fluid in the second section of said mesh while the first supply sub-circuit is kept in the closed state.

[0041] According to a particular example, during the second check, the second supply sub-circuit is opened to cause the distribution of a fluid in the second section of said mesh while the first supply sub-circuit is kept in the closed state. Brief description of the drawings

[0042] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the particular and non-limiting embodiments of the present invention below, with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 13, in which:

[0043] [Fig-1] Fig.1 represents, according to particular examples, networks (or tree root systems;

[0044] [Fig.2] The [Fig.2] is a view of an example of a root network;

[0045] [Fig.3] The [Fig.3] is a view of an example of a root network;

[0046] [Fig.4] Fig.4 schematically represents a tree to which the concept of the present invention according to particular embodiments;

[0047] [Fig. 5] Fig. 5 schematically represents a cultivation device and a system control, according to particular embodiments of the present invention;

[0048] [Fig.6] Fig.6 schematically represents a mesh of the culture device the [Fig.5], according to particular embodiments of the present invention;

[0049] [Fig.7] Fig.7 schematically represents an open cell of the device culture of the [Fig.5], according to at least one particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] [Fig.8] Fig.8 schematically represents a closed cell of the device culture of the [Fig.5], according to at least one particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] [Fig.9] Fig.9 schematically represents certain aspects of the device cultivation of the [Fig.5], according to particular embodiments of the present invention;

[0052] [Fig. 10] The [Fig. 10] schematically represents certain aspects of the cultivation device and control system illustrated in [Fig. 5], according to particular embodiments of the present invention;

[0053] [Fig. 11] The [Fig. 11] schematically represents certain aspects of the cultivation device and control system illustrated in [Fig. 5], according to particular embodiments of the present invention;

[0054] [Fig. 12] Figure 12 schematically represents, in diagram form, the steps of a method for controlling a cultivation device according to certain embodiments of the invention; and

[0055] [Fig. 13] The [Fig. 13] schematically represents certain aspects of the cultivation device of the [Fig.5], according to particular embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description given below, with reference to the attached drawings which illustrate examples of embodiment without any limiting character. Detailed description of implementation methods

[0057] Examples of implementations of the invention are now to be described in what follows with joint reference to figures 1-13. Unless otherwise indicated, common or similar elements in several figures bear the same reference signs and have identical or similar characteristics, so that these common elements are generally not described again for the sake of simplicity.

[0058] The terms "first(s)", "second(s)", etc.) are used in this document by arbitrary convention to allow identification and distinction different elements (such as operations, structural characteristics, etc.) implemented in the embodiments described below.

[0059] In the description and the claims that follow, the terminology longitudinal, vertical and transverse, and more generally terms designating spatial arrangements and positionings, is adopted without limitation, with reference to the x, y, z coordinate system (or x, y coordinate system) indicated in certain figures, considering that the cultivation device of [Fig.5] in particular extends vertically (along z) in the position of use intended for it, that is to say when the cultivation device is positioned on a soil or buried at least partially in, or under, a soil.

[0060] As illustrated by way of example in [Fig. 1] (Source: “GUI (2006), Climate Change and Urban Greenspace, Doctoral Thesis of the University of Manchester”), each tree species has a root network (or system) 2 with its own specific characteristics. This root network 2 comprises a set of roots with diverse characteristics and multiple roles.

[0061] By way of example, woody plants develop two classes of roots: short, non-woody roots, which are specialized for absorption (hairy) and deciduous for a short time (1-3 years), and long, woody roots, which perform all other functions. The latter are subdivided into two subclasses: perennial roots and deciduous roots.

[0062] Perennial roots (or scaffold roots), such as taproots and horizontal scaffold roots, provide anchorage, explore the soil, and constitute the root system. Deciduous roots, dedicated to colonization and exploitation, arise laterally on the scaffold, colonize and exploit the soil, and then detach while being continuously renewed by the growing tips of the scaffold. All woody root tips absorb and laterally bear absorbing hairs.

[0063] The development of the root system of trees generally follows four stages: - the anchoring of the seedling to the ground and the acquisition of nutritional autonomy through the hairs; - the exploitation of the immediate environment and the multiplication of hairy plants; - the third stage is marked by the colonization of the immediate environment; and - extensive exploration of the environment and expansion of the root infrastructure.

[0064] The root hairs, always located at the periphery of the root network, are established by the youngest portions of each woody root, including the taproot. These hairs often appear as short, non-woody, branched bundles.

[0065] Root development can be described by the following successive stages, with their associated functions and the evolution of the position of the different functional categories: - Seedling: anchoring and autotrophy, with a root system composed of the taproot and the hairy roots; - Young plant: exploitation, involving the taproot, exploratory roots and root hairs; and - young individual: colonization, including the taproot, colonization roots, exploration and the hairy part.

[0066] Fig. 2 is a view illustrating an example of a root system 4 of a tree with no counter-planting.

[0067] Figure 3 is a view illustrating an example of a root system 6 of a tree that has undergone a series of replantings throughout its growth. As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, a process of replanting makes it possible to structure and densify the root system of a tree, but this process also presents the numerous technical problems and constraints described above.

[0068] The present invention aims to offer a personalized solution promoting tree development while improving their mobility, and this by freeing itself from previous technical constraints, in particular those related to conventional interplanting techniques.

[0069] To this end, the invention proposes, according to various embodiments, a cultivation device (also called a support device or support structure) for the root system of a tree. This cultivation device comprises a mesh formed by a set of nodes connected to each other by connecting elements, the nodes and connecting elements together defining cells (or compartments) occupying respective volumes within the mesh.

[0070] In this disclosure, the term "tree" refers to a tree in the broadest sense at any stage of its growth, including seedlings, saplings, and young individuals as previously described. Trees within the meaning of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, shrubs and bushes, and more generally, woody plants. The present invention can be applied to any species of tree (or woody plant), and its implementation can be adapted to meet the specific needs and characteristics of each tree.

[0071] According to the present invention, the mesh of the culture device comprises open cells that allow tree roots to pass through and closed cells that prevent any passage of tree roots. At least some of the connecting elements further comprise internal conduits forming at least one supply circuit to circulate at least one of the following to the roots of a tree: a fluid, inputs and a gas. Specific embodiments are described below for illustrative purposes only.

[0072] The cultivation device of the invention can furthermore be part of, and be used under the control of, a control system, as described below in particular examples.

[0073] The cultivation device and control system of the invention are designed to provide an environment adapted to the needs of a tree to ensure optimal growth and easy mobility of the tree.

[0074] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the culture device of the invention as well as a method of controlling said culture device.

[0075] Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below with reference to the drawings mentioned above.

[0076] Figure 4 schematically represents an example of a tree 10 to which the present invention applies according to various particular embodiments described below. For illustrative purposes only, this tree 10 comprises an aerial part 11 and a root system 14. The aerial part 11, developing above ground, comprises a trunk (or stem) 12 as well as branches and optionally foliage. The root system 14 comprises a set of roots of the tree. As already indicated, the tree 10 may be at any stage of its growth cycle.

[0077] It is assumed here, purely for illustrative purposes, that the root system of the tree 10 comprises scaffold roots 16 and hairy roots 15. The scaffold roots 16 anchor the root system 14 to the soil, while the hairy roots 15 are primarily intended to explore the soil and extract certain nutrients, water, etc., as already explained.

[0078] Figures 5 and 6 schematically represent a cultivation device (or support device) 20 which is used in cooperation with the tree 10 of [Fig. 4], according to particular embodiments of the invention. As illustrated, the cultivation device 20 comprises a mesh 23, also called a cultivation mesh (or cultivation lattice or cultivation matrix), formed by a network of nodes 24 connected to each other by connecting elements 26 (also called links). The nodes 24 constitute mesh vertices and the connecting elements 26 link these vertices to each other to define cells 28 as described below.

[0079] The mesh 23, and more generally the growing device 20, are intended in particular to accommodate and support the root system 14 of the tree 10. To this end, the growing device 20 can be at least partially buried in a growing substrate 19 (for example, soil), that is to say, in, or under, a soil 18 ([Fig. 5]). The mesh 23 can, for example, be at least partially buried in, or positioned under, a landscape, such as a landscaped or unlandscaped one.

[0080] In use, the tree 10 is positioned near the growing device 20 so that the root system 14 of the tree 10 penetrates the mesh 23 and attaches to connecting elements 26. The mesh 23 thus plays, in particular, an anchoring role for the root system 24 of the tree. In use, the assembly comprising the growing device 20 and the tree 10 can also be moved or positioned on the ground, for example during transport or storage.

[0081] In the example considered in figures 4-5, the mesh 23 has a general cylindrical shape defined by an external surface (or envelope) denoted 20a and an internal surface (or envelope) denoted 20b ([Fig.6]).

[0082] The mesh 23 further comprises a central zone 22 devoid of any node 24 and connecting element 26, i.e., a free central zone. In the example considered, this central zone 22 is also cylindrical in shape, defined by the internal surface 20b of the mesh. This central part 22 and the generally cylindrical shape of the outer envelope 20a share in this example the same longitudinal axis of symmetry, denoted AX1 ([Fig. 5]). This longitudinal axis AX1 is, for example, oriented vertically when the culture device 20 is in the operating position.

[0083] It should be noted, however, that the mesh configurations, particularly in terms of shape, arrangement, and dimensions, can be adapted on a case-by-case basis, notably according to the characteristics and needs of the tree 10 and the environment in which the cultivation device 20 is installed. Thus, the outer envelope of the mesh 23 and the central zone 22 can have shapes other than cylindrical ones.

[0084] Furthermore, implementations of the mesh 23 without a central zone 22 are possible. In this case, the shape and arrangement of the mesh 23 can be adapted to facilitate the penetration of the roots of the tree 10 into the mesh 23.

[0085] According to a particular example, the top center of the mesh 23 is free (devoid) of nodes 24 and connecting elements 26 to allow the planting of a tree rudiment.

[0086] Providing a central zone 22 as illustrated in Figures 4-5 according to a particular example advantageously allows the root system 14 of the tree 10 to be positioned as close as possible to the core of the mesh 23. The lower end of the trunk (or stem) can be positioned above or in this central zone 22 so that all or part of the root system 14 is surrounded by the mesh 23. The root system 14 can thus easily extend, particularly laterally, so that roots penetrate the mesh 23.

[0087] The central zone 22 can, for example, form a free zone traversing the mesh 23 in its entire depth (along z), which advantageously facilitates development taproots downwards into the growing substrate 19, in order to optimize the stability of the tree 10.

[0088] As illustrated in Figures 4-5, the nodes 24 and the connecting elements 26 of the mesh 23 together define cells 28 (also called compartments or zones) occupying respective volumes within the mesh 23. These cells 28 comprise open cells 28a and closed cells 28b, each with its own function. Each cell 28 can, for example, be delimited by polygons forming the faces of said cell 28, the configuration of these polygons being able to vary as the case may be.

[0089] More specifically, as illustrated in Figures 6-7 by at least one particular example, the open cells 22a ([Fig. 6]) are configured to allow tree roots 10 to pass through them. In other words, the free cells 28a each occupy a free, unclosed volume (or zone) suitable for tree roots to penetrate. Once the mesh 23 is buried in the culture substrate 19, these open cells 28a can thus accommodate not only the culture substrate but also tree roots 10.

[0090] The volumes occupied by the open cells 28a thus advantageously allow the root system 14 of the tree to colonize the interior of the mesh 23. In particular, roots (especially rootlets or hairy roots 15) can advantageously attach to the connecting elements 26 delimiting the open cells 28a, as illustrated in [Fig.7].

[0091] The open cells 28a may, for example, be free of any material from the mesh 23, but these cells may, on the other hand, accommodate other materials external to said mesh 23, such as the culture substrate 19 (in which the mesh 23 is likely to be buried) and tree roots. These open cells 28a are sized to accommodate roots, thus providing areas suitable for the rooting of the root system 14 of the tree 10.

[0092] The shape, arrangement, orientation, etc., of the connecting elements 26 can be adapted as needed. Each connecting element 26 is, for example, formed by a rigid member (or bar, or rod) connecting two nodes 24 located at the two ends of said member. The connecting elements 26 can have various shapes as needed (straight or curved, and various cross-sectional shapes). These connecting elements 26 have, for example, a general cylindrical shape with a diameter between 2 millimeters (0.002 meters) and 2 centimeters (0.02 meters), although other configurations are possible.

[0093] Furthermore, as illustrated in Figures 6 and 8 by at least one particular example, the closed cells 28b of the mesh 23 are configured to prevent the passage of any tree roots. To achieve this, each closed cell 28b can occupy a volume totally, or at least partially, filled by a mesh filling material 23. The way in which these closed cells 28b are filled can be adapted as appropriate, provided that the filling material blocks the passage of any root.

[0094] According to a particular example, the closed cells 28b are configured so that each face of said cell is closed, thus prohibiting the passage of any root.

[0095] According to one example, the closed cells 28b are solid, meaning that they are totally filled with a mesh filling material 23. Alternatively, at least part of the interior of the closed cells 28b may be hollow or empty.

[0096] The arrangement of the closed cells 28b advantageously increases the strength and mechanical cohesion of the mesh 23. The mesh is thus more resistant to compressive forces and mechanical stresses, resulting in particular from the growing substrate 19 and the environment in which the mesh 23 is installed. When the tree 10 and its mesh 23 are extracted from the ground, the structure of the mesh 23 can advantageously withstand the applied mechanical stresses more effectively, for example during a transport phase (for replanting or other purposes) or during an above-ground storage phase.

[0097] In addition, the closed cells 28b force the tree roots to bypass the corresponding volumes, which promotes the wrapping and fixing of certain roots around the closed cells 28b, thus improving the stability and anchoring of the tree 10 to the mesh 23. As illustrated in [Fig.8], scaffold roots 15 of the tree 10 can thus advantageously wrap and fix themselves around the closed cells 28b.

[0098] The arrangement of the open cells 28a and closed cells 28b can thus be advantageously adapted to control how the root system 14 of the tree develops in space. Examples of cell arrangement 28 are described later.

[0099] Furthermore, as illustrated in [Fig.9] by at least one particular example, at least part of the connecting elements 26 of the mesh 23 includes internal conduits 32 forming at least one supply circuit denoted 30. Each internal conduit 32 defines a channel suitable for transporting (or circulating) elements whose nature may vary according to the type of supply circuit 30 considered.

[0100] More specifically, the mesh 23 may include a first supply circuit 30a formed by first internal conduits 32a, this first circuit being configured to circulate a fluid 35a within the mesh 23. This fluid 35a may be a liquid or aqueous solution, such as water or any other suitable liquid. It may, for example, be water containing nutrients suitable for the root system 14 of the tree. This water may optionally contain inputs (or fertilizers) or be so-called clean water, that is to say, devoid of such inputs. As already mentioned, the mesh 23 includes connecting elements 26 linking the nodes 24 together. In one particular example, at least some of the connecting elements 26 are porous connecting elements 27 ([Fig. 9]) configured to distribute the fluid 35a from the first supply circuit 30a out of the mesh 23. The degree of porosity can be adapted as needed (particularly depending on the characteristics of the fluid 35a) to allow adequate distribution of the fluid 35a through the porous wall 27a of these porous connecting elements 27. The porosity of the porous connecting elements 27 is, for example, characterized by a maximum pore size of 100 µm, or even, for example, between 1 and 100 µm.

[0101] The porosity of the porous connecting elements 27 can vary from one cell 28 to another depending on the use attributed to said cell.

[0102] According to a particular example, all the connecting elements 26 are porous connecting elements 27, although variants in which some connecting elements 26 are not porous are also possible.

[0103] According to a particular example, all or part of the connecting elements 26 defining the open cells 28a are porous connecting elements 27.

[0104] The arrangement of this first supply circuit 30a advantageously allows the tree 10 to be supplied with water, or any other suitable fluid, to the heart of its root system 14. In particular, some roots of the tree (including hairy roots 15) can advantageously attach to the porous connecting elements 27 and easily extract the fluid 35a supplied via the first supply circuit (Figures 7 and 9), which promotes the development of the root system 14.

[0105] According to a particular embodiment, the porous connecting elements 27 are formed by an additive manufacturing technique (or in other words, by 3D printing). In particular, a controlled porosity additive manufacturing technique can be implemented to control the size and density of the pores in the wall 27a of the porous connecting elements 27.

[0106] According to a particular example, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the culture device 20 as described in this disclosure in various embodiments. According to this method, at least the porous connecting elements 27 are formed by an additive manufacturing technique. In one example, the entire mesh 23 of the culture device 20 is formed by an additive manufacturing technique.

[0107] Additive manufacturing refers to all processes that allow the fabrication of a physical object from a digital object by adding material (https: / / fr.wikipedia.org / wiki / Impression_3D). Manufacturing is carried out by depositing material layer by layer. successive. The different additive manufacturing techniques are characterized in particular by the way in which the different layers of materials are deposited (melting, sintering, polymerization...) and by the materials used.

[0108] Additive manufacturing is particularly well-suited for manufacturing porous connecting elements 27, as this technique inherently allows for obtaining a porous configuration of the objects thus formed. For example, the use of a powder assembled by an additive manufacturing technique makes it possible to obtain porosity in a particularly controlled manner, thus ensuring optimal distribution of the fluid 35a to the root system 14 of the tree 10. The porosity can therefore be obtained by forming cavities in the wall of the printed porous connecting elements 27. A suitable measurement technique can be used during manufacturing to ensure that the desired porosity is obtained.

[0109] The use of additive manufacturing also advantageously allows for the customization of the mesh structure 23 on a case-by-case basis, particularly according to the needs and characteristics of the tree 10 under consideration and the installation environment. As already mentioned, the wide variety in terms of trees (characteristics, needs, etc.) and operating conditions (soil type, rearing conditions, rearing duration, etc.) constitutes a challenge that can be advantageously addressed through additive manufacturing, which offers great flexibility in the production of the mesh 23 (ad hoc manufacturing is possible) and allows for a customized response to each specific case. In particular, the arrangement of the nodes 24 and connecting elements 26 can be defined to adapt the cells 28 according to the use case.

[0110] It is hereafter assumed that the entire mesh 23 is produced by additive manufacturing, although other embodiments are possible. In particular, variants are also possible in which the closed cells 28b are formed, at least in part, by a conventional manufacturing technique other than additive manufacturing. For example, the body of the mesh 23 can be produced by 3D printing and then a metal alloy (steel or other) can be cast to completely or partially fill the cells 28 intended to be closed cells 28b.

[0111] The material(s) used to form the mesh 23 by additive manufacturing may include a plastic resin, a composite material, a metal alloy and / or ceramics. The material may be specifically adapted according to the requirements and the additive manufacturing technique used.

[0112] As illustrated in [Fig. 5], a power supply unit 40a can be used as a source to supply the first power supply circuit 30a with fluid 35a, including when the mesh 23 is in the operating position, i.e. at least partially buried in a culture substrate (namely in substrate 19 in the example of the [Fig.5]). The feeding unit 40a and the culture device 20 are part in this example of a control system denoted SY1 ([Fig.5]).

[0113] According to a particular example, the mesh 23 may include, in addition to the first supply circuit 30a, a second supply circuit 30b formed by second internal conduits 32b ([Fig. 9]). This second supply circuit 30b, independent of the first supply circuit 30a, is configured to circulate inputs 35b within the mesh 23 independently of the fluid 35a. These inputs 35b may vary as appropriate and may include at least one of, or any combination of: fertilizers, soil amendments (elements that improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate), and plant protection products (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, growth activators, biostimulants, etc.).

[0114] This second circuit 35b thus advantageously allows the tree 10 to be efficiently supplied with inputs to the core of its root system 14, independently of the first circuit 35a. In this way, the quantities of fluid 35a (water, for example) and inputs 35b supplied to the tree 10 can be independently controlled. An excessive supply of inputs can be detrimental to a tree, particularly in the event of saturation of the substrate 19 ([Fig. 5]), which can lead to burning and crystallization phenomena causing root necrosis. It is advantageously possible, for example, to supply clean water, i.e., free of inputs, via the first supply circuit 30a and to supply inputs 35b independently via the second supply circuit 30b.In case of excess input 35b, the second supply circuit 30b can be closed while keeping the first supply circuit 30a open in order to continue supplying the tree with clean water.

[0115] According to a particular example, the SY1 control system ([Fig.5]) includes a second power supply unit 40b, independent of the first source 40a, to supply the second power supply circuit 30b with inputs 35b.

[0116] According to a particular example, the mesh 23 may include, in addition to the first and second supply circuits 30a and 30b, a third supply circuit 30c formed by internal third conduits 32c ([Fig.9]). This third supply circuit 30c, independent of the first and second supply circuits 30a and 30b, is configured to circulate a gas 35c within the mesh 23 independently of the fluid 35a and the inputs 35b.

[0117] According to an example shown in [Fig. 9], perforations 38 are arranged in at least a portion of the connecting elements 26 to allow the distribution of gas 35c from the third supply circuit 30c out of the mesh 23. As illustrated, these perforations 38 are through-holes in the wall of the connecting elements 26. All, or only a portion, of the connecting elements 26 may be provided of these perforations 38. These perforations 38 allow to efficiently evacuate, out of the mesh 23, the gas 35c conveyed through the third supply circuit 30c.

[0118] It is assumed hereafter, by way of example, that the mesh 23 comprises the power supply circuits 35a, 35b, and 35c. Alternatively, however, embodiments are also possible in which the mesh 23 comprises the first power supply circuit 30a and the third power supply circuit 30c but not the second power supply circuit 30b. Note that other variants are possible in which the mesh 23 comprises only any one of the power supply circuits 30a, 30b, and 30c, or any sub-combination of any two of these three power supply circuits 30a, 30b, and 30c (for example, 30a and 30b, or 30b and 30c).

[0119] The gas 35c thus transported via the third supply circuit 30c can be any suitable gas mixture to be supplied to the root system 14 of the tree 10. This gas 35c can be injected under pressure into the third supply circuit 30c and discharged into the core of the mesh 23, for example into the substrate 19 ([Fig.5]) so as to supply the roots of the tree 10. It is assumed hereafter that the gas 35c is an oxygenated gas (or gas mixture), meaning that it contains oxygen for the roots of the tree 10. This oxygenated gas 35a can, for example, be air or comprise at least one neutral gas mixed with oxygen.

[0120] The third supply circuit 35c advantageously allows for the injection of gas (air, for example) into the growing medium 19 in which the mesh 23 is installed (Figures 5 and 9), thus meeting the oxygen requirements of the tree 10. Indeed, if the growing medium 19 is too oxygen-poor, the tree 10 may experience stunted growth. It is possible to use certain growing media (aerated potting soil, for example) that naturally oxygenate the tree, but using this type of substrate is restrictive in terms of installation, supply, and economic, human, and material costs. Thanks to the third supply circuit 35c, oxygen can be efficiently delivered to the core of the root system 10, effectively promoting the growth of the tree 10 while minimizing costs.

[0121] The configurations of the perforations 38, particularly in terms of shape, size, arrangement, and number, can be adapted as needed, especially to meet the requirements of each shaft and the operating conditions. For example, the perforations 38 can be formed by additive manufacturing during the production of the mesh 23, or at least the relevant connecting elements 26. These perforations 38 can, for example, have a diameter between 0.5 and 5 millimeters.

[0122] According to a particular example, the SY1 control system ([Fig.5]) includes a third supply unit 40c, independent of the first and second sources 40a and 40b, to supply the third supply circuit 30c with gas 35c.

[0123] As described later in particular examples, each power supply circuit 30a, 30b and 30c may include a plurality of power supply subcircuits to independently supply at least two different SC sections (or portions) of the mesh 23. The number and configuration of these independent SC sections of the mesh 23 may be adapted as appropriate.

[0124] According to a particular example illustrated in [Fig. 10], the mesh 23 comprises three distinct sections SCI, SC2, SC3 (collectively denoted SC). Each supply circuit 30a, 30b, and 30c thus comprises three respective supply sub-circuits to independently supply the three distinct sections SCI, SC2, and SC3 of the mesh 23. Thus, the first supply circuit 30a comprises supply sub-circuits 30a-1, 30a-2, and 30a-3 to independently supply fluid 35a (e.g., water) to sections SCI, SC2, and SC3, respectively. Similarly, the second supply circuit 30b comprises supply sub-circuits 30b-1, 30b-2, and 30b-3 to independently supply inputs 35b (fertilizer or other) to sections SCI, SC2, and SC3, respectively.Finally, the third supply circuit 30c includes supply sub-circuits 30c-1, 30c-2 and 30c-3 to independently supply 35c gas (e.g. oxygenated gas, e.g. air) to sections SCI, SC2 and SC3 respectively.

[0125] As illustrated in [Fig. 10], each supply subnetwork can be supplied by a respective supply unit. In this example, supply unit 40a supplies subcircuits 30a-1, 30a-2, and 30a-3 with fluid 35a; supply unit 40b supplies subcircuits 30b-1, 30b-2, and 30b-3 with inputs 35b; and supply unit 40c supplies subcircuits 30c-1, 30c-2, and 30c-3 with gas 35c. Each supply unit 40a, 40b, and 40c can be equipped with a control system to control the supply to the corresponding subcircuits.

[0126] The mesh 23 can thus be sectorized to control the supply circuits 30 by sector. Each SC section can then be supplied independently of the other SC sections. Furthermore, each supply sub-circuit connected to the same SC section can independently supply said SC section with its respective contents (fluid 35a, inputs 35b, or gas 35c). This sectorized arrangement, combined with independent supply sub-circuits, advantageously allows for finer spatial control of the elements supplied to the root system 14 of the tree 10. The quantity of fluid 35a, inputs 35b, and gas 35c distributed in different regions of the mesh can thus be advantageously adapted to best meet the needs of the tree 10 over time and effectively influence the growth of the root network 14, insofar as root development will be favored in the areas of the substrate 19 containing the elements essential to the tree 10.

[0127] As illustrated by way of example in [Fig. 10], sections SCI, SC2, and SC3 form distinct vertical sections. Each SC section then forms an independent layer extending vertically within the mesh 23. In this example, the intermediate section S2 is sandwiched between the upper section SCI (located above) and the lower section SC3 (located below). Thus, the SC sections are distributed vertically (along the z-axis) within the thickness of the mesh 23.

[0128] It is thus advantageous to successively supply each section SC1-SC3 according to a temporal sequence to distribute fluid 30a, inputs 30b, and gas 30c. For example, the supply units 40a-40c can be configured to first supply the first section SC1 with fluid 30a, inputs 30b, and gas 30c, then the second section SC2, and finally the third section SC3, which advantageously forces the root system 14 to extend downwards. The way in which the root system develops can thus be influenced by adapting the supply to each SC sector accordingly. By activating SC sections increasingly further from the trunk of the tree 10, it is advantageous to encourage the root system 14 to rapidly colonize the space in order to find and capture ever more of the elements useful for the tree's growth.This makes it possible to guide the roots, promoting their natural development and optimizing their growth.

[0129] The configurations of the corresponding supply sections and sub-circuits, particularly in terms of number and arrangement, can be adapted as appropriate. The mesh 23 may alternatively comprise only two separate SC sections or more than two. Variants not including at least one of the supply circuits 30a-30b and 30c are also possible. Thus, each SC section may, for example, be connected to only two supply sub-circuits, for example sub-circuits of circuits 35a and 35b (or 35a and 35c, or 35b and 35c), or be connected to a single supply sub-circuit (for example, only one sub-circuit of the first supply circuit 35a, or only one sub-circuit of the second supply circuit 35b, or only one sub-circuit of the third supply circuit 35c).

[0130] According to an example illustrated in [Fig. 11], the mesh 23 comprises three independent sections SCI, SC2, and SC3 distributed (or extending) laterally within the mesh 23. In other words, these are distinct cross-sections of the mesh 23. Each section SCI, SC2, and SC3 thus presents an annular cross-section (along the z-axis) in this example. For instance, sections SCI, SC2, and SC3 share the same longitudinal axis of symmetry AX1 (Figures 5 and 11). Other arrangements of the SC sections are, however, possible.

[0131] By way of example, the supply units 40a-40c can then be configured to initially supply the first section SCI with fluid 30a, inputs 30b and gas 30c, then the second section SC2, and finally the third section SC3, which advantageously forces the root system 14 to extend laterally (or transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis AX1). The way in which the root system develops over time can thus be influenced by adapting the supply to each sector SC accordingly, for example, to force the root system 14 to grow outwards from the mesh 23.

[0132] Figure 12 represents a control method, implemented by the control system SY1, for controlling the culture device 20 according to a particular embodiment. It is assumed here that each of the supply circuits 30a, 30b and 30c comprises three respective supply sub-circuits to independently supply three distinct sections SCI, SC2 and SC3, respectively, as already described above with reference in particular to Figures 10 and 11. It is assumed by way of example that the SC sections, the supply circuits and sub-circuits, and more generally the control system SY1, are configured as illustrated in Figure 10.

[0133] Each power supply subcircuit of circuits 30a, 30b and 30c is controllable, via appropriate respective control means (not shown), to switch between a closed state, in which the power supply is blocked, and an open state, in which the power supply is allowed.

[0134] According to one embodiment, the control method includes at least one control step modifying the closed / open state of one or more supply sub-circuits of at least one supply circuit 30a, 30b and 30c.

[0135] By way of example, at least one of the supply sub-circuits of circuit 30a is controlled to change its state (open or closed) so as to control the supply of fluid 35a to a corresponding section SC. The supply of fluid 35a to the relevant section SC can thus be enabled or disabled.

[0136] As already indicated, the growing device 20 may include only one or two of the feed circuits 30a, 30b and 30c. The control method can therefore be applied to control a single feed circuit (for example 30a only) or to control any two of the three feed circuits 30a, 30b and 30c.

[0137] According to one embodiment, the process includes a first control step S2 during which the supply sub-circuits 30a-1, 30b-1, and 30c-1 are opened (S2a) to cause the distribution of fluid 35a, inputs 35b, and gas 35c, respectively, into the first section SCI of the mesh 23, while the other supply sub-circuits are held (S2b) in the closed state to prevent the supply of fluid 35a, inputs 35b, and gas 35c into the other sections SC2 and SC3. During a second control step S4, subsequent to the first step S2, the supply sub-circuits 30a-2, 30b-2 and 30c-2 are opened (S4a) to cause the distribution of fluid 35a, inputs 35b and gas 35c respectively into the second section SC2 of the mesh 23 while the other supply sub-circuits are kept (S4b) in the closed state to prohibit the supply of fluid 35a, inputs 35b and gas 35c into the other sections SCI and SC3. During a third control stage S6, subsequent to the second stage S4, the supply sub-circuits 30a-3, 30b-3 and 30c-3 are opened (S6a) to cause the distribution of fluid 35a, inputs 35b and gas 35c respectively into the third section SC3 of the mesh 23 while the other supply sub-circuits are kept (S6b) in the closed state to prohibit the supply of fluid 35a, inputs 35b and gas 35c into the other sections SCI and SC2.This allows us to advantageously force the growth of the root network 14 outwards from the mesh 23.

[0138] As already indicated, various configurations of the mesh 23, in particular of the nodes 24 and connecting elements 26, are possible within the framework of the present invention. In particular, the arrangement and distribution of the open cells 28a and closed cells 28b (Figures 5-8) can be adapted to control how the root network 14 of the tree develops in space.

[0139] According to a particular example, the mesh 23 comprises open cells 28a exhibiting at least three different geometric configurations. In other words, the mesh 23 then presents at least three different geometric configurations of open cells 28a. By varying the configuration of the open cells 28a, for example in size, volume and / or shape, one can advantageously introduce a diversity of cell configurations that promotes the development of various types of roots, thereby enabling increased development of the tree 10.

[0140] According to a particular example, the mesh 23 comprises at least two distinct sections (or portions) exhibiting different densities of nodes 24 and / or different geometric configurations of cells 28. The diversification of the densities of nodes 24 and / or geometric configurations of cells 28 advantageously allows for an optimized response to the specific needs of the various root types of the tree 10, thus promoting the growth of the tree.

[0141] According to a particular example, the mesh 23 is unstructured. In this case, the mesh 23 is irregular; it does not have a uniform or regular arrangement of the nodes 24 and connecting elements 26. The mesh 23 may, for example, have a random spatial configuration of the nodes 24. The cells may, for example, be freeform. An unstructured or irregular configuration of the mesh 23 advantageously allows the plant to choose for itself to infiltrate its roots through the most open or suitable areas for its future root system 14. The different root types can fix themselves by winding, which improves the development of the root network 14 which uses the most suitable regions of the mesh 23 for each root type.

[0142] According to a particular example, open cells 28a and closed cells 28b are distributed irregularly (or randomly) in space so as to facilitate the development of various types of root and thus improve the development of the tree.

[0143] According to an example illustrated in [Fig. 13], open cells 28a are aligned to form channels 70 in the mesh, suitable for tree roots to pass through. These channels, for example, straight or curved in shape, advantageously accommodate scaffold roots 16 (or anchoring roots), such as taproots or horizontal scaffold roots, which can thus develop in these more open areas, thereby promoting tree growth. These roots ensure good anchorage, explore the soil, and form the framework of the root system.

[0144] The present invention advantageously provides a customized technical solution that promotes tree development while improving their mobility, thereby overcoming previous technical constraints, particularly those related to interplanting as already described. In particular, the cultivation device 20, as previously described in various embodiments, offers a particularly suitable environment to effectively meet the needs of a tree, ensuring optimal growth and easy mobility.

[0145] In use, the root system 14 of the tree 10 is initially planted near the growing device 20 (for example, above or in the central area 22) so that the roots penetrate the mesh 23 and attach to connecting elements 26 ([Fig. 5]). Once planted in the center of the mesh, the tree 10 can develop its root system 14 by infiltrating the mesh of the growing device 20.

[0146] The mesh 23 thus plays, in particular, an anchoring role for the root system 24 of the tree. The structure of the mesh 23 advantageously allows the roots of the tree 10 to wrap around and attach to the connecting elements 26 in order to ensure good stability of the tree in the mesh 23, including during the movement, or storage, of the whole assembly outside the growing medium (for example, in order to carry out a transplanting or replanting).

[0147] The various roots (e.g., taproot, scaffold, and exploratory), once developed within the mesh 23 (preferably throughout the entire mesh 23), advantageously form a unified TREE / MESH with the mesh 23. The multiple hairy roots attach themselves to the open cells 28a and around the closed cells 28b to absorb water and the elements essential for the tree's growth. The woody roots provide strength and balance to the entire NETWORK / TREE structure, which has become extremely cohesive.

[0148] The root system 14 thus obtained is advantageously free from injury and deformation, particularly girdling. The aerial part 11 of the tree can also grow freely without needing to be reduced to a volume appropriate to a regularly truncated root system. This resulting NETWORK / TREE assembly is therefore advantageously self-supporting; it can be moved in any season and placed anywhere on a flat surface. In particular, the tree 10 and its growing device 20 can be moved and handled together if necessary. During storage without substrate, the assembly comprising the tree 10 and the growing device 20 can be advantageously kept upright (i.e., with the tree trunk vertical), which greatly facilitates handling, especially compared to conventionally used root-balled trees. The substrate can be easily retained within the mesh, thus limiting the stress and disturbances imposed on the tree during storage and transport.

[0149] Furthermore, the inclusion of at least one supply circuit 30 in the form of internal conduits 32 advantageously allows for the delivery, to the heart of the root system 14, of elements that promote tree growth, in particular fluid 35a, inputs 35b and / or gas 35c. The tree's vital needs are met by the supply via the supply circuits at the heart of the root system. These circuits can be easily connected to supply networks or reservoirs.

[0150] By activating the various supply circuits and sub-circuits provided in the mesh 23, it is advantageous to deliver the elements useful for photosynthesis to the heart of the root system 14, and thus increase the root biomass.

[0151] The porous nature of at least some of the connecting elements 26 advantageously allows these elements to be distributed from the dedicated power circuits outside the mesh, as close as possible to the root system 14 of the tree. Additive manufacturing can be used to advantageously achieve the desired porosity for this purpose. Furthermore, the use of additive manufacturing advantageously allows the mesh configuration 23 to be adapted to each specific case. By offering a customized configuration according to the operating conditions (tree type, environment type, operating conditions, etc.), the growth and well-being of the tree can be optimized.

[0152] The use of additive manufacturing also advantageously allows for the production of meshes in complex shapes, with one or more circuits of feed, according to the typology of roots considered. Additive manufacturing thus provides great manufacturing flexibility.

[0153] An example of the use of the culture device 20 illustrated in Figures 5-13 is now described below according to a particular example.

[0154] Once the mesh 23 is in the ground and filled with the growing medium 19, the nurseryman plants the tree seedling in the center of the mesh 23. The mesh 23 is then connected to the nursery's network. The nurseryman activates the supply circuit(s) 30 to distribute the vital elements to the tree (water and / or nutrient solutions) to the SC section(s) of the mesh 23 closest to the trunk. The tree 10, now in its new environment, then restarts its root growth to regain water autonomy as quickly as possible. To do this, exploratory roots seek out moist areas. The porous connecting elements 27 release moisture into the growing medium 19 upon contact with the networks. Once this moist zone is reached by the exploratory roots, they will generate hair-like roots which will attach to the mesh to exert a suction of moisture directly on the porous connecting elements 27.Thus, the tree will attach itself strongly and at multiple points to the nourishing network.

[0155] To promote and guide the growth of tree 10, the nurseryman can then apply water to a section SC of the mesh 23 slightly further from the trunk. In this way, the root development of the tree can be advantageously guided, resulting in greater stability and growth rate.

[0156] When a hot period persists, the soil evaporates its last water reserves. The tree then goes into a protective mode and stops growing. A water supply system can then be activated to rehydrate the soil or growing medium. This technical intervention helps prevent a "shrink-swell" phenomenon in clay soils, which are sometimes prone to severe drying and are therefore difficult to rehydrate. The tree then experiences a growth arrest that can sometimes lead to crop loss, which must be avoided.

[0157] Once the tree 10 has reached the desired maturity, the nurseryman can dig up the tree along the contours of the grid 23. Since the tree 10 is now secured to the grid 23, it can be placed vertically and no longer needs to be laid down, as is usually the case when handling round root balls. Once delivered to the customer, the grid 23 can be connected to a water supply to facilitate its establishment. As the root system has not been reduced to allow the tree's mobility, it can then continue to grow, and the exploratory roots can extend beyond the contours of the grid 23.

[0158] As a person skilled in the art will understand, all the embodiments and variants described above are only non-limiting examples of implementation of this disclosure. In particular, a person skilled in the art may consider any adaptation or combination of the embodiments and variants described above, in order to meet a specific need. The present invention is therefore not limited to the embodiments described above but extends in particular to a cultivation device that would include secondary features without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Demands

1. A cultivation device (20) for the root system (14) of a tree (10), said cultivation device comprising a mesh (23) formed by a network of nodes (24) connected to each other by connecting elements (26), in which the nodes and connecting elements define cells (28) occupying respective volumes within the mesh, in which said cells comprise: - open cells (28a) configured to allow tree roots to pass through; and - closed cells (28b) configured to prohibit the passage of any tree roots;in which at least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits (32) forming at least one supply circuit (30), said at least one supply circuit comprising a first supply circuit (30a), formed by first internal conduits (32a), configured to circulate a fluid (35a) within the mesh, said mesh comprising porous connecting elements (27) configured to distribute said fluid from the first supply circuit out of the mesh.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the open cells (28a) each occupy a free volume suitable for being traversed by tree roots.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the closed cells (28b) each occupy a volume at least partially filled by a filling material of said mesh.

4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous connecting elements (27) are formed by an additive manufacturing technique

5. Device according to claim 4, wherein the entire mesh (23) is manufactured by additive manufacturing.

6. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first power supply circuit (30a) comprises at least two first separate power supply subcircuits (30a-1, 30a-2, 30a-3) configured to permit power supply independent in fluid in respectively at least two distinct sections (SC1-SC3) of said mesh.

7. Device according to claim 5, wherein said at least two distinct sections (SC1-SC3) form distinct vertical sections or distinct transverse sections of the mesh.

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one power supply circuit comprises a second power supply circuit (30b), independent of the first power supply circuit, formed by second internal conduits (32b), said second power supply circuit being configured to circulate inputs (35b) within the mesh, the porous connecting elements of said mesh being configured to distribute said inputs from the second power supply circuit out of the mesh.

9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the second power supply circuit (30b) comprises at least two separate second power supply subcircuits (30b-1, 30b-2, 30b-3) configured to permit independent input supply in at least two separate sections (SC1-SC3) of said mesh.

10. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one supply circuit comprises a third supply circuit (30c), independent of any other supply circuit, formed by internal third conduits (32c), said third supply circuit being configured to circulate a gas (35c) inside the mesh, perforations (38) being arranged in at least a portion of the connecting elements (26, 27) to permit the distribution of said gas from the third supply circuit out of the mesh.

11. Device according to claim 10, wherein the third supply circuit comprises at least two separate third supply sub-circuits (30c-1, 30c-2, 30c-3) configured to permit independent supply of gas (35c) in at least two separate sections (SC1-SC3) of said mesh.

12. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mesh delimits a central zone (22), devoid of every node and connecting element, to accommodate a part of the tree's root network.

13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mesh comprises open cells (28a) of at least three different geometric configurations.

14. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mesh (23) is unstructured.

15. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which open cells (28a) are aligned to form, in the mesh, channels (70) suitable for being traversed by tree roots.

16. Method of manufacturing a cultivation device (20) for the root system (14) of a tree (10), said cultivation device comprising a mesh (23) formed by a network of nodes (24) connected to each other by connecting elements (26), in which the nodes and connecting elements define cells (28) occupying respective volumes within the mesh, in which said cells comprise: - open cells (28a) configured to allow tree roots to pass through; and - closed cells (28b) configured to prohibit the passage of any tree roots;in which at least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits (32) forming at least one supply circuit (30), said at least one supply circuit comprising a first supply circuit (30a), formed by first internal conduits (32a), configured to circulate a fluid (35a) within the mesh, said mesh comprising porous connecting elements (27) configured to distribute said fluid from the first supply circuit out of the mesh, in which at least said porous connecting elements (27) are formed by an additive manufacturing technique.

17. A method for controlling a growing device (20) for the root system (14) of a tree (10), said growing device comprising a mesh (23) formed by a network of nodes (24) connected to each other by connecting elements (26), in which the nodes and Connecting elements define cells (28) occupying respective volumes within the mesh, in which said cells comprise: - open cells configured to allow tree roots to pass through them; and - closed cells configured to prevent the passage of any tree roots; wherein at least a portion of the connecting elements comprises internal conduits forming a supply circuit, formed by internal conduits, configured to circulate a fluid within the mesh, said mesh comprising porous connecting elements, formed by an additive manufacturing technique, configured to distribute said fluid from the supply circuit out of the mesh, wherein the first supply circuit comprises at least two separate supply sub-circuits configured to permit independent fluid supply to at least two separate sections of said mesh, respectively each power supply sub-circuit being controllable to switch between a closed state, in which the power supply is blocked, and an open state, in which the power supply is allowed; in which said control method includes at least one control step modifying the state of at least one power supply subcircuit to control the power supply in a respective section of the mesh.

Images