Method for increasing the evaporation efficiency of high salinity wastewater basins.

Abstract

Method for increasing the evaporation efficiency of high-salinity wastewater basins. The invention relates to a method for increasing the evaporation of high-salinity wastewater basins by using a strip evaporating material, fixed to a rotating drum driven by a wind turbine, which moves between water and air to promote evaporation. The device may consist of hydrophilic grids (1) fixed to frames (2) themselves fixed coaxially to floating drums (3) that rotate around radially arranged shafts (4) securely connected to the axis of a vertical wind turbine (5). This axis is connected to a fixed cylindrical post (6), which rests on a base (7) anchored to the bottom of the basin. The cyclic wetting and drying of the grid (1) intensifies evaporation from the basin.The invention is particularly suited to the treatment of wastewater, as well as to the evaporation of solutions containing mineral salts of various origins. Figure for the abstract: Fig 3.

Description

Title of the invention: Method for increasing the evaporation efficiency of high-salinity wastewater basins. Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to the management of mineralized discharges from drainage systems in water management projects, as well as the evaporation of wastewater from various sources, the mineralization of which is primarily due to mineral salts. Prior art

[0002] The size of evaporation ponds depends primarily on local rainfall, the ambient air temperature throughout the year, and wind conditions that favor thermal convection. One method for accelerating evaporation is to increase the temperature of the liquid relative to that of the air and the corresponding dew point. Another method is to increase the contact surface area between the air and the water-containing liquid intended for partial evaporation. Among these methods, spray systems allow the solution to be divided into droplets with a specific surface area greater than that of a flat liquid surface stored in a pond.

[0003] However, the use of spraying devices with saline solutions, such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, quickly leads to scaling and obstruction of these devices, particularly at the outlets of the sprayers.

[0004] Document RU220651 HERE describes an evaporation basin for the evaporation of highly mineralized brines from desalination. This basin is constructed in a natural depression with hydraulically connected compartments separated by earthen dikes. Each compartment is equipped with a filter screen at the bottom, and evaporation plates made of a porous material, preferably black, with high capillary properties, are arranged on the surface of the basin at a distance of 50 to 100 mm from each other and connected by flexible links.

[0005] The disadvantages of this evaporation basin include low efficiency and limited reliability. As crystallized salts accumulate on the evaporation plates, their weight increases, causing them to become immersed in the mineralized water, which reduces the intensity of moisture evaporation at their surface.

[0006] A device known for removing salts from water using floating evaporative elements, consisting of floating plates arranged on the surface of a basin with uniformly distributed round holes and into which cylindrical evaporation accelerators, made from a porous capillary material, are inserted. The part The lower part of each accelerator is located below the water surface at a depth of 60 to 100 mm, while the upper part protrudes slightly above the surface, and its length slightly exceeds the height of the capillary rise of the salt water in the accelerator material. The intensification of the evaporation process in this device is achieved by increasing the evaporation surface area (Abu-Zreig MM, Abe Y.; Isoda H. Study of salt removal by drainage evaporation method / / Canad. Biosystems Engg., 2006; vol. 48. - p. 1.25-1.30).

[0007] The disadvantages of this technical solution include insufficient efficiency and the complexity of operations related to the decrease in the water evaporation rate as salts accumulate in the accelerators. This requires periodically removing the plates from the basin, cleaning the accelerators of the accumulated salts, and then reinstalling the plates on the surface of the basin.

[0008] US9440862B1 describes the method of the invention for accelerating wastewater evaporation and solids concentration, where an evaporative material comes into contact with the wastewater, allowing the wastewater to migrate to the surface of the evaporative material where the sun and wind accelerate the evaporation of the wastewater through the configuration of the evaporative material.

[0009] The disadvantages of this method include the use of external energy sources and the decrease in the rate of water evaporation following sedimentation on the sprayer and the circuit.

[0010] The method closest to the proposed invention aims to improve evaporation efficiency in evaporation ponds for mineralized drainage water. These ponds are connected by hydraulic structures to an intake channel and are equipped with floating evaporation elements made from porous capillary hydrophilic materials. These elements consist of hollow perforated drums, covered with this capillary material, and fixed between two support floats capable of rotating around a horizontal axis by means of half-shafts inserted into sockets located along the floats. They are also equipped with a mechanism allowing synchronized 180° rotation (Knyazev BM, Borodachev VV, et al., Patent RU2527041C1).

[0011] The disadvantages of this method include the complexity and metallophagy of the rotating drum structure, as well as the need to ensure uninterrupted operation of the synchronized turning mechanism of the hollow perforated drums. Brief summary of the invention

[0012] The invention relates to the creation of a simple, effective and economical method to increase the evaporation efficiency of wastewater evaporation basins with high salinity.

[0013] Evaporation in evaporation ponds is a lengthy process requiring large pond areas. Current solutions for intensifying the evaporation of high-salinity solutions are energy-intensive and require frequent maintenance.

[0014] A method for increasing the evaporation rate in an evaporation basin for wastewater with high salinity or saline solutions, comprising the following steps: a. Step a. Fixing the evaporating material in strips onto a rotating drum, driven by the rotation of a wind turbine b. Step b. Movement of the evaporating material in a strip along a closed trajectory between immersion in water and extraction into atmospheric space c. Step c. Periodic immersion of the evaporating strip material in the basin, followed by its extraction into the atmosphere for exposure to wind and solar radiation d. Stage d. Exposure of wind and solar radiation to the humidification of the air during the evaporation of water from the periodically moistened strip evaporating material, and concentration of salts and solids in the water of the evaporator basin.

[0015] The strip material, which can be moistened, moves between the water surface of the basin and the atmosphere either in the form of a suspended closed strip, driven by the rotating drum located at a certain height above the water, or in the form of a circular strip attached to a frame aligned with a rotating hollow drum, also serving as a float supporting both the frame and the wind turbine.

[0016] In the first case, the shafts of the drive drums can only move horizontally depending on the water level in the evaporator basin, and their rotation is ensured by a kinematic link with the wind turbine rotor. In the second case, the shafts of the hollow floating drums rotate with the turbine rotor, and the drive drums with the wettable belt begin to rotate under the effect of the torque generated by the circular motion of the shafts and the hydraulic resistance of the belt in contact with the water.

[0017] In both cases, periodic humidification of the strip material by water from the basin and extraction of moisture by atmospheric air under the effect of wind and sunlight are ensured. Brief description of the figures

[0018] By way of non-limiting examples, two variant embodiments of the method, claimed as an invention, will appear during the reading of the description of the accompanying drawings in which: a. [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] are schematic representations illustrating an example of a device implementing the method of wetting and drying hydrophilic grids on drums driven by a wind turbine, enabling continuous vertical movement of the wet, strip-shaped material through the rotation of horizontal axes. The rotation of each axis is ensured by mechanical gears transmitting the rotational motion of the wind turbine. b. [Fig.3] is a schematic representation illustrating an example of the realization of a device including a hydrophilic grid system mounted on frames and floating drums, driven by a vertical wind turbine, allowing periodic immersion and evaporation through the rotation of the floating drums driven by the movement of the axes of these drums around the axis of the wind turbine. Detailed description of the figures

[0019] The following description refers to the attached drawings, which present, by way of non-limiting examples, two variants of embodiment of the method claimed as an invention, aimed at improving the efficiency of evaporation in an evaporation basin.

[0020] [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] schematically illustrate the method used to wet and dry the wet, strip-shaped material (1), composed of hydrophilic grids. These grids move on driven drums (2), which rotate together with horizontal axes (3) arranged radially with respect to each other. The rotation of these axes is ensured by a kinematic linkage with a bevel gear (4), driven by a wind turbine (5), fixed to a frame (6) resting on floats (7). The frame secures the axes of the driven drums (8) and the moving wet, strip-shaped material. To ensure continuous wetting of the closed, conveyor-like strip-shaped material, a freely rotating drum-shaped weight (9) is immersed in water at the bottom of the strip.When the water level in the evaporator basin changes, the entire structure can move vertically along a guide (10), fixed in a base (11) installed on the surface of the bottom of the basin.

[0021] The wet, strip-shaped material (1), presented in grid form, must ensure: a. high wettability (hydrophilicity) after immersion in the evaporation basin; b. air permeability with low wind resistance (a high level of air permeability); c. durable resistance to frequent bending stresses; a. a detachment of solid salt deposits formed on the surface of the grid during its deformation and bending.

[0022] [Fig.3] presents the second example according to the claimed method, where the material A humidifiable hydrophilic grid (1) is fixed to frames (2), which are themselves coaxially fixed to drums (3) that act as floats. The drums (3) can rotate around shafts (4) arranged radially with respect to each other and rigidly connected to the wind turbine rotor (5). The turbine allows the shafts and floating drums (3) to move circularly on the surface of the basin around a fixed rod (6) located on the vertical axis of the wind turbine (5). This rod (6), which rests on a base (7), is anchored to the bottom of the basin. Thanks to this connection with the pole (6), the wind turbine (5), the shafts (4), and the floating drums (3) can rotate around the vertical axis and move vertically when the water level changes, but cannot move horizontally, thus maintaining their position relative to the water surface.Immersion of the lower part of the frame (2) with the grid (1) stretched over it into the basin, and the circular rotation of the drum shafts (4) above the water level, generate a rotational torque that drives the drums (3) and the frames (2) with the grid (1) stretched. This allows for periodic immersion of the hydrophilic grid (1) in the basin, followed by its extraction into the air to allow the moisture to evaporate under the effect of wind and solar radiation.

[0023] This configuration of the evaporation enhancement device, implemented according to the second method, is simpler than that of the first method and can be manufactured primarily using recycled plastic, which not only reduces the cost but also helps to address the environmental problem of plastic waste management. However, the configuration implemented according to the first method may be more efficient due to the possibility of providing a larger evaporation surface area for the hydrophilic grid.

Claims

Demands

1. A method for increasing the evaporation rate in a high-salinity wastewater or saline solution evaporation basin, comprising the following steps: a. Step a. Fixing a strip of evaporating material onto rotating drums, driven by the rotation of a wind turbine b. Step b. Movement of the evaporating material in a strip along a closed trajectory around the axes of the drums, between immersion in water and extraction into atmospheric space c. Step c. Periodic immersion of the evaporating material in strips in the basin, followed by its extraction into the atmosphere for exposure to wind and solar radiation. Periodic immersion is ensured by the continuous rotation of drums driven by the wind turbine. d. Stage d. Exposure to wind and solar radiation for the evaporation of water from the periodically moistened strip evaporating material, and concentration of salts and solids in the water of the evaporation basin

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drums, functioning as floats on the surface of the water, have shafts arranged radially with respect to each other and are rigidly connected to the rotor of the wind turbine, ensuring their circular movement around a fixed rod located on the axis of the wind turbine and anchored to the bottom of the evaporator basin.

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